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Russian
00:00:00
Many people know that00:00:02
black holes are objects in00:00:04
deep space that absorb objects00:00:07
irreversibly without the possibility of00:00:09
recovery, however, what would happen if00:00:12
we told you that we actually live00:00:15
inside a black hole, we follow00:00:17
one of the most prominent scientists00:00:20
today. mishio kaku as00:00:23
he reveals this shocking truth our00:00:25
existence occurs inside a00:00:29
super black hole he also discusses the new00:00:32
images from the james web space telescope00:00:34
that contradict the00:00:37
erroneous big bang theory join us to see what00:00:41
mishio kaku has to tell us and00:00:43
we explore these exciting new00:00:46
images made by the00:00:48
James Web telescope that contradict the00:00:51
Big Bang theory If you are interested in00:00:53
staying updated on news00:00:55
about the universe and its surroundings,00:00:58
subscribe to our00:01:00
spacetime channel, be sure to00:01:03
like this video and activate the00:01:07
notification bell Have you ever believed?00:01:09
something for a long time and then you00:01:12
realized it wasn't true00:01:14
probably Don't mention the Big Bang00:01:17
as it is a fairly00:01:19
popular explanation for How We Got Here00:01:21
however with the arrival of the00:01:24
space telescope James wb the Big Bang theory00:01:26
is being challenged James wb has made00:01:30
observations that force00:01:31
astronomers to reconsider his idea about the00:01:34
origin of the universe theoretical physicist00:01:37
mukaku describes the latest00:01:40
shocking discoveries of the J web00:01:43
this way The problem is that the00:01:45
James W space telescope is00:01:48
shaking the foundations established00:01:51
suddenly us We realize that we may00:01:53
have to rewrite all the00:01:56
textbooks on the origin of the universe00:02:00
What is the latest discovery Exactly00:02:02
by James web that has led eminent00:02:04
scientists to rethink the origin of the00:02:07
universe here is the revelation James00:02:10
web has identified six galaxies that00:02:13
exist a billion years after the00:02:16
Big Bang and 10 times larger than the00:02:19
Milky Way This is surprising since it00:02:22
normally takes00:02:24
billions of years to create a galaxy00:02:27
like ours with hundreds of00:02:30
billions of stars the telescope JW00:02:33
is challenging our00:02:35
preconceptions and making00:02:37
scientists reconsider the origin of the00:02:41
universe. However, the question arises00:02:44
why the discovery of these six00:02:46
large galaxies contradicts the00:02:48
conventional description of the origin of the00:02:50
universe. These galaxies should not be00:02:53
larger than the Milky Way. It00:02:56
's only 500 million years old. Something doesn't00:02:58
add up and maybe we need to revise00:03:01
our theory about the creation of the00:03:03
Universe. The Galaxies mentioned by00:03:06
Misho Kaku that contain hundreds00:03:09
of billions of stars arose00:03:11
when the Universe was only 50000:03:14
to 700 million years old. This is00:03:18
significantly earlier and faster00:03:20
than expected based on00:03:22
current formation models which suggest00:03:25
things gradually cluttered together over00:03:27
time. The enigma of how these00:03:29
galaxies formed so quickly00:03:31
may require a new understanding of00:03:33
physics or new techniques to00:03:35
explain. Their creation The discovery00:03:38
of these challenging galaxies was00:03:40
made by a team of astronomers00:03:42
led by Ioli from00:03:45
Australia's Melbourne University of Technology00:03:48
using the first James00:03:50
Web photos published in July 202200:03:53
captured images of a patch of sky00:03:56
100 times smaller than the full moon00:03:59
these images were obtained with the00:04:03
nicam camera one of the Four00:04:05
main instruments of the James web this camera00:04:08
allows you to observe objects in00:04:11
infrared wavelengths stretched due to00:04:14
the expansion of the universe that are00:04:16
invisible to other telescopes due00:04:19
to their weakness or remoteness.00:04:21
Researchers discovered00:04:22
about a dozen00:04:25
exceptionally bright, red objects in00:04:28
these close-up camera images. They00:04:31
used a technique called00:04:33
photometric redshift estimation00:04:35
to calculate the00:04:38
difference between each object based00:04:41
on how much light has been00:04:43
redshifted due to cosmic expansion.00:04:47
six of these objects had00:04:49
extremely00:04:52
high redshifts between 9.5 and00:04:56
11.5, which implies that their light is just00:04:59
over 700 million years old00:05:02
compared to the most distant00:05:05
confirmed galaxy that has a00:05:07
redshift of00:05:09
11.1 and was discovered in 2016.00:05:12
Using the Hobold Space Telescope,00:05:15
using models of stellar evolution,00:05:17
scientists calculated how many00:05:20
stars each of these galaxies00:05:22
would need to emit all their light.00:05:25
They discovered that the stellar masses of00:05:27
these six galaxies were between 10 and00:05:30
100 billion times the mass of00:05:33
our sun, that is, comparable to or00:05:36
even greater than the mass of our00:05:39
own Milky Way Galaxy which00:05:42
contains approximately 60,000 million00:05:45
stars and has had more than 13,00000:05:48
million years to grow These00:05:50
findings are surprising and00:05:52
puzzling for several reasons.00:05:55
Firstly they imply that these galaxies00:05:57
originated rapidly and00:06:00
efficiently in a short period of time00:06:02
transforming most of their00:06:05
available gas into stars. This contrasts00:06:07
with the conventional view of00:06:10
Galactic formation which predicts that00:06:12
Galaxies start small and00:06:14
gradually grow by merging with00:06:17
other Galaxies or accumulating gas from their00:06:20
environment Secondly these00:06:23
observations contradict00:06:25
cosmological theories based on the study of the00:06:27
Bigman cosmic microwave background00:06:31
which indicate that these galaxies have00:06:33
more disorder than was accessible in00:06:36
their regions of space at that time00:06:39
Thirdly the fact that these00:06:41
galaxies have already produced large00:06:43
numbers of old, red stars00:06:46
implies that they have gone through numerous00:06:48
generations of star formation and00:06:51
chemical enrichment. This raises00:06:54
questions about how stars arise and grow00:06:56
in a pristine environment. Not a00:07:00
possibility is that measurements or00:07:03
assumptions in the What these00:07:05
observations are based on are incorrect, it is00:07:07
possible that these objects are not galaxies00:07:10
but rather quasars or other types of00:07:13
active Galactic nuclei called00:07:16
agns powered by supermassive black holes.00:07:19
agns can appear00:07:22
incredibly bright and have a00:07:24
redshift similar to00:07:27
distant galaxies. However, this00:07:29
situation seems unlikely due to00:07:32
the differences in the00:07:35
AGN spectra. Compared to these objects,00:07:38
supermassive black holes also00:07:41
need time to form, so00:07:44
AgNs with00:07:47
such high redshifts are expected to be00:07:49
rare. Another possibility is that there is an00:07:52
error in the models or theories00:07:54
used to interpret00:07:57
observations, for example these galaxies00:08:00
They could have evolved through00:08:02
a mechanism other than what we currently00:08:05
understand as a direct collapse or00:08:08
extreme instability, these processes00:08:11
have the potential to produce00:08:14
enormous galaxies in a short period of time00:08:17
without depending on mergers or00:08:20
accretion; alternatively, these galaxies00:08:23
could be exceptional cases or00:08:26
anomalies that developed under00:08:28
unusual conditions or in particular regions of00:08:30
space instead of being00:08:33
representative of the general population00:08:35
of the time. In this case,00:08:38
more observations would be needed. and larger samples00:08:41
to validate their presence and quantify00:08:44
their frequency Another option however is00:08:48
that something is wrong with our00:08:50
current cosmology or physics these galaxies could00:08:53
provide evidence of new events or00:08:56
interactions that are not covered by00:08:58
our normal cosmological model such as00:09:01
the annihilation of dark matter or00:09:03
primordial density fluctuations00:09:06
These factors could influence the00:09:08
volume and distribution of matter in00:09:10
the universe causing more mass and00:09:13
faster expansion in some places00:09:15
than in others alternatively these00:09:18
galaxies could be evidence of00:09:21
additional dimensions or forces that00:09:24
They are not included in our00:09:26
current models of physics such as00:09:29
string theory or modified gravity. These00:09:32
concepts could have an impact on00:09:35
how light travels through space and00:09:37
time by altering its perceived brightness00:09:40
and redshift. However,00:09:43
all of these are theoretical possibilities00:09:46
that would require more research and00:09:48
evidence to confirm however00:09:52
Mukaku has an explanation for the00:09:54
latest discoveries involving00:09:57
black holes detected by James00:09:59
We according to him these are not baby galaxies00:10:03
but monstrous black holes00:10:05
this idea baffles00:10:07
scientists because it does not fit into The00:10:10
normal sequence of the birth of a00:10:12
kaku galaxy suggests that these00:10:16
black holes could be places where00:10:19
new laws of physics emerge. If someone00:10:22
can decipher all this, there could be00:10:24
a Nobel Prize waiting for them.00:10:27
There is also a related theory00:10:30
that proposes that our universe is a00:10:32
hole. black giant according to this theory00:10:36
our universe was created by the00:10:38
collapse of a gigantic black hole00:10:41
into another larger Cosmos the00:10:44
event horizon of a black hole is a00:10:46
point of no return where nothing can00:10:49
escape its gravitational force within00:10:52
the event horizon The Gravid00:10:55
distorts and twists space-time00:10:58
creating a singularity where00:11:00
density and curvature become00:11:03
infinite. Some scientists suggest00:11:06
that instead of a singularity there could00:11:09
be another event horizon inside00:11:11
the black hole, which would lead to a00:11:14
world with different physical rules.00:11:17
idea implies that our00:11:20
universe is nested inside a00:11:22
black hole which in turn could be00:11:25
inside another universe according to this00:11:27
hypothesis black holes are not00:11:31
only00:11:32
one-way traps but also portals to00:11:35
other domains of space and time00:11:39
Although some theoretical models and00:11:41
calculations Mathematicians support this00:11:44
hypothesis. It has not yet been validated by00:11:46
observations or experiments.00:11:49
Currently, one of the main00:11:51
objectives of this theory is to answer00:11:54
the question of what happened before the Big00:11:57
Bang, which is commonly recognized as the00:12:00
origin of our00:12:02
universe. Modern science explains. the00:12:05
origin of the universe or the Big00:12:08
Bang theory according to this theory the universe00:12:10
arose from the explosion of the00:12:14
singularity the singularity is a point00:12:17
in the fabric of space-time where the00:12:20
concentration of energy and matter00:12:23
becomes extraordinarily high, reaching00:12:26
almost an infinite level00:12:29
while spatial00:12:32
and temporal dimensions are reduced to values00:12:35
close to zero. However,00:12:37
recently the James Web telescope has00:12:41
made a bold announcement in which it00:12:43
maintains that the universe has existed00:12:47
uninterruptedly and that the Big00:12:49
Bang theory is wrong. in its00:12:52
approach If you are interested in00:12:54
staying updated on news00:12:57
from the universe and its surroundings,00:13:00
subscribe to our00:13:02
spacetime channel Hit the like button00:13:05
and activate the00:13:07
notification bell the concept of00:13:09
singularity describes a state where00:13:12
neither time nor space nor matter existed. The00:13:16
question that arises is the origin00:13:18
of this00:13:20
singularity, what preceded it and what00:13:23
event triggered the events that00:13:25
culminated in the Big Bang. It is debated whether00:13:28
the universe existed eternally or whether it00:13:31
had a defined starting point. The00:13:34
singularity that preceded the event of00:13:36
tig B contained the entire mass00:13:39
present in the universe and this resulted00:13:42
in the complete suspension of the flow of00:13:45
time. This is allied with the perspective00:13:48
proposed by Einstein which suggests00:13:52
that debating what happened before00:13:54
the bbang is meaningless given that the00:13:58
notion of a Before there is no00:14:00
room for the idea that the universe00:14:03
is not expanding in empty space00:14:06
it may be difficult to conceive this00:14:09
conception is based on a theory00:14:11
known as Einstein's theory of00:14:12
general relativity which he00:14:16
developed in00:14:17
1915 and which remains until00:14:20
Today our best description of00:14:23
space and time, this theory is the00:14:26
foundation of many of these00:14:28
interesting and00:14:30
peculiar ideas, the theory of00:14:32
general relativity is supported by evidence such as the00:14:35
expansion of the universe, which was00:14:37
discovered by the00:14:38
American astronomer Hol in00:14:41
1929. In addition, there is the cosmic background of00:14:45
microwave radiation that is00:14:48
uniformly distributed throughout the00:14:50
universe and was discovered by00:14:53
American scientists Enas and00:14:56
Wilson in 1965.00:14:59
These discoveries support the00:15:02
foundations of our current understanding of00:15:04
the evolution and nature of the00:15:07
Cosmos. This radiation emerged00:15:10
approximately00:15:12
379,000 years after the Big Bang in a00:15:15
period known as The Age of00:15:17
Hydrogen Recombination According to the00:15:20
Big Bang theory in its early00:15:22
moments our universe was tiny00:15:25
no larger than an atom in the past the00:15:30
notion of nothingness was a state00:15:32
sustainable to ask how long it00:15:35
lasted is irrelevant since during00:15:38
this period the concept of time00:15:40
simply had no existence in this00:15:44
era our world emerged from a00:15:46
random quantum fluctuation that emerged00:15:49
from the void which represents a significant level of00:15:52
depth00:15:54
perhaps a00:15:56
more relevant question It could be yes and this00:15:59
quantum fluctuation was truly00:16:02
random as Einstein expressed it in his00:16:05
famous phrase God does not roll the dice00:16:09
with this present notion it is00:16:12
interesting to reflect on the00:16:14
implications that this entails that00:16:17
prevents another small fragment of00:16:19
vacuum full of energy from appearing00:16:21
again leading to a new bigbang00:16:25
there is the possibility that this will occur00:16:27
with a probability of 100% which00:16:31
could annul the existence of00:16:33
humanity in the theory of00:16:36
multiverses the emergence of life00:16:38
occurs through a natural phenomenon00:16:41
in which universes with Parameters00:16:43
conducive to more black holes00:16:46
will have a greater chance of generating00:16:49
offspring, thus increasing the00:16:52
probability that life is00:16:53
present in these universes. Recently,00:16:56
the renowned physicist br cs explored the00:17:00
fundamental question about How00:17:02
the universe began.00:17:04
cops presented the theory of the Big Bang00:17:07
but at the same time once challenged the00:17:09
conventional view by introducing a00:17:12
fascinating approach the idea of00:17:15
a time before the Big Bang this00:17:18
intriguing notion expands our00:17:20
understanding of the origins of the00:17:22
universe the notion of a pre-00:17:25
Big Bang universe connects to the theory of00:17:28
inflation00:17:29
cosmic according to this theory the universe00:17:32
experienced an exponential expansion in00:17:35
an extremely short period after00:17:37
the Big Bang this00:17:41
significant growth allowed the Universe to00:17:43
become certainly uniform00:17:46
explaining its homogeneity observed on a00:17:49
large scale Although inflation remains a00:17:52
fundamental part of the00:17:54
predominant cosmological model the idea Being00:17:59
from a state before the Big Bang adds00:18:01
a layer of complexity to the chronology00:18:04
of the evolution of the universe. One00:18:07
question that arises is what could have00:18:10
caused this primordial energy00:18:13
to trigger such a sequence of events.00:18:16
It could be the result of interactions00:18:18
between forces that have not yet been created. We00:18:21
fully understand the ideas about the00:18:24
time before the Big Bang00:18:26
are supported by the work of Mr.00:18:29
Roger Penrose, a distinguished mathematician and00:18:33
physicist who won the Nobel Prize in00:18:36
physics for his contributions to the00:18:39
understanding of black holes.00:18:41
Although his focus is on the00:18:44
black holes Penrose also presents00:18:47
the concept of eons which occurs in a00:18:50
cyclical framework each eon begins with a00:18:54
Big Bang followed by a period of00:18:56
expansion contraction and finally a00:19:00
Big cru in which the universe returns to00:19:03
its original state this cyclic cycle00:19:07
establishes the basis for a new eon00:19:09
perpetuated00:19:11
indefinitely Penrose's eon theory00:19:14
revolves around00:19:17
black holes celestial objects of enormous00:19:20
gravitational force that emerge from the collapse of00:19:23
massive stars over time these00:19:26
black holes evaporate through00:19:28
hopping radiation releasing energy p00:19:32
Rose speculated that dead black holes00:19:35
from previous eons could still00:19:38
exist today leaving possible marks on00:19:42
our00:19:43
observed universe these remnants penr00:19:46
called them hopkin points in honor of stephen00:19:50
hopkin and his contribution to the00:19:53
understanding of00:19:55
hawkin radiation the proposal of the late physicist00:19:58
stier hopkin could offer Evidence00:20:02
supporting the existence of00:20:04
pre-Big Bang states Roger Penrose's idea00:20:07
of Hawking's dots00:20:11
could represent a potential clue00:20:13
to the existence of a pre-00:20:16
Big Bang universe. These enigmatic dots00:20:19
are approximately eight times the size00:20:22
of the moon. They refer to00:20:25
slightly warmer areas in the sky that00:20:28
can be detected using00:20:31
advanced observation techniques. Although the00:20:34
concept of Hopkin points stands out00:20:37
in scientific conversation and00:20:39
highlights the fluidity of our00:20:41
understanding of the beginnings of the universe,00:20:45
its discussion also highlights the00:20:48
importance of scientific exploration00:20:50
and the potential for discoveries that00:20:53
can change paradigms in the00:20:56
future. As with any00:21:02
revolutionary scientific proposal, Brian00:21:04
Cox and Roger Penrose's exploration of a time00:21:07
before the Big Bang faces challenges and00:21:10
controversies, critics argue00:21:12
that the concept of a pre-00:21:14
big bang universe remains speculative as it00:21:18
lacks direct observational evidence00:21:20
plus the cyclical nature of00:21:24
penr's eon theory raises00:21:27
questions about the conservation00:21:29
of energy and the ultimate fate of the00:21:32
universe some skeptical PIs00:21:35
question the viability of an00:21:38
infinite cycle of eons as this could00:21:40
conflict with the laws of00:21:43
thermodynamics and other00:21:46
fundamental principles of physics now00:21:49
let's delve into another related theory the00:21:52
multiverse hypothesis in cosmology00:21:56
this notion suggests the existence of00:21:58
multiple universes each with their00:22:01
own Constant physical laws and00:22:04
properties The basis of this idea lies00:22:08
in the belief that our universe00:22:11
could be one among many in a vast00:22:14
and diverse00:22:16
multiverse. The concept of a multiverse has00:22:19
gained traction as a way to00:22:21
explain certain aspects of our00:22:24
universe that appear to be finely tuned.00:22:27
adapted00:22:29
for the existence of life00:22:31
scientists have observed that the00:22:34
fundamental constants and00:22:36
physical laws that govern our universe00:22:39
appear to be carefully00:22:42
balanced to allow the emergence00:22:45
of life as we know it00:22:48
from this observation some have00:22:51
proposed the00:22:53
anthropic principle that maintains that our00:22:56
universe has the characteristics it has00:23:00
because it must be capable of hosting00:23:02
intelligent observers like us.00:23:06
Initially, there was an00:23:08
infinitely dense mass of matter. This mass00:23:12
underwent an explosion that gave rise00:23:14
to the formation of atoms, molecules,00:23:17
stars and galaxies that we can00:23:19
observe in the present. For decades00:23:23
this has been the explanation offered by00:23:25
physicists however00:23:28
recent research has introduced a new00:23:31
perspective that suggests that the universe00:23:34
does not have as early an origin as00:23:37
initially believed and instead could00:23:40
be part of a cyclical process in00:23:43
which the universe goes through a series of00:23:46
cycles of expansion and contraction00:23:49
possibly in an infinite loop Brian00:23:52
Cox a renowned physicist has also00:23:56
raised doubts about the theory of B B00:23:59
arguing that something cannot arise from00:24:01
nothing this questioning adds an00:24:04
intriguing element to the discussion00:24:06
in addition researches of the00:24:08
J web telescope have revealed00:24:11
information that contradicts the idea00:24:13
that the Big Bang marked the00:24:15
absolute beginning of the universe. This leads to the00:24:18
fundamental question if the Big Bang00:24:21
was not the beginning of the Cosmos. So what00:24:24
was it? Join us on this journey to the00:24:27
beginnings of00:24:28
where we will explore. the borders of the Big00:24:31
Bang and we will answer this question and00:24:34
much more If you are interested in00:24:37
staying updated on news00:24:39
from the universe and its00:24:41
surroundings, subscribe to our00:24:44
spacetime channel Hit the like button00:24:47
share this video so that it reaches00:24:49
more people and activate the bell of00:24:52
notifications Scientists have00:24:54
developed a detailed understanding00:24:56
of the universe in its early stages00:25:00
known as the Big Bang theory00:25:03
according to This model the universe was much00:25:06
smaller, hotter and denser than in the00:25:09
past approximately00:25:12
13.8 billion years ago during that00:25:15
period all the elements that00:25:17
make up our world were formed in00:25:20
a matter of minutes in this theory00:25:23
our universe including stars and00:25:26
galaxies was once as tiny00:25:28
as a peach and had an00:25:31
extremely high temperature of over00:25:33
a quadrillion degrees curiously00:25:38
this amazing narrative consistently aligns00:25:40
with all00:25:43
current observations astronomers00:25:46
have investigated various aspects from00:25:48
the remaining electromagnetic radiation00:25:51
of the universe in its early stages00:25:54
to the abundance of the00:25:56
lightest elements and found that everything agrees00:26:00
with the predictions of the Big Bang as far as00:26:02
our knowledge reaches this00:26:05
description fits perfectly to the00:26:08
reality of our universe, however00:26:12
despite its apparent solidity we know00:26:14
that the Big Bang theory is not a00:26:17
complete picture, there is a00:26:20
missing piece in this puzzle And that00:26:22
piece is the understanding of the first00:26:25
moments of the universe this challenge is00:26:28
due in largely due to the limitations of00:26:32
the physical theories we00:26:35
currently use, the combination of00:26:36
general relativity and00:26:39
high-energy particle physics00:26:42
provides us with a valuable conceptual framework,00:26:45
however, as we delve deeper00:26:47
into the initial moments of the Cosmos, the00:26:51
mathematical complexity is revealed. increases00:26:53
significantly, reaching a point00:26:56
at which our current methods00:26:59
cannot offer meaningful solutions.00:27:02
One of the indicators of this00:27:04
difficulty is the existence of a00:27:07
singularity, a point of00:27:10
infinite density at the beginning of the Big Bang. This00:27:12
notion literally suggests that the00:27:15
universe It was once compressed into an00:27:17
infinitely small and dense state00:27:21
which seems absurd to address00:27:24
this challenge we need to explore new00:27:27
frontiers in physics develop an00:27:30
approach that overcomes these limitations and00:27:32
offer a more complete understanding of the00:27:35
universe's earliest moments00:27:38
our current instruments00:27:40
Theoretical frameworks are not00:27:43
robust enough to address this challenge00:27:46
so we need to develop a new00:27:49
physics that can encompass and explain00:27:51
gravity and the other00:27:53
fundamental forces under00:27:57
extremely high energy conditions. This is precisely00:28:00
where string theory comes into the picture. The00:28:03
theory aspires to be a00:28:05
physical model capable of unifying00:28:08
gravity with the other00:28:11
fundamental forces, especially in00:28:13
ultra-high energy situations. In00:28:17
essence, string theory proposes that00:28:20
it can provide an explanation for00:28:22
the first moments of the universe00:28:24
within string theory.00:28:27
concept of a public expired universe00:28:31
that takes its name from the Greek word00:28:33
meaning conflagration or fire This00:28:36
idea suggests that the Big Bang as we00:28:39
know it was the result of an00:28:42
earlier event Implying that it was not the00:28:44
absolute beginning but rather a part00:28:46
of a continuous process expanding the notion00:28:49
of a public expired universe has led00:28:53
to the development of a related theory00:28:55
called cyclic cosmology. Although the00:28:58
idea of a cyclic universe has been00:29:00
considered for millennia,00:29:03
string theory offers a solid00:29:06
mathematical basis for this conception within the00:29:09
framework of Cyclic cosmology The00:29:12
universe functions as if it will00:29:15
perpetually oscillate between major explosions00:29:18
and collapses in an endless cycle that00:29:20
extends infinitely into the00:29:23
past and future This theory of00:29:26
cyclic cosmology was proposed by the00:29:28
eminent physicist Roger Penrose who was00:29:32
awarded the novel prize Penrose00:29:35
was intrigued by a remarkable00:29:37
mathematical relationship between the00:29:39
early universe characterized by extreme00:29:42
heat and small density during the Big00:29:45
Bang and the future state of the universe00:29:48
characterized by being extremely00:29:51
cold expanded and devoid of matter. The00:29:54
theory suggests that these two states00:29:56
They become mathematically identical when00:29:59
pushed to the extreme limits. Although it00:30:02
may seem paradoxical, the00:30:05
total absence of matter could be the00:30:07
driving force behind the creation of all00:30:11
the matter we observe in the universe.00:30:14
From this perspective, the bbang00:30:18
originates from what remains almost00:30:21
imperceptibly after all00:30:23
the matter of the universe has been00:30:26
consumed by black holes that00:30:28
eventually evaporate into photographs00:30:31
scattered in an immense void the00:30:34
universe emerges from what from another00:30:37
point of view essentially approaches00:30:40
nothing although this nothing remains00:30:43
a form of something that constitutes a00:30:45
physical universe although it is empty the00:30:49
mystery lies in how this same00:30:52
state can be interpreted both as00:30:55
a cold and empty universe and as a00:30:58
dense universe depending on the point of00:31:01
view the key to this understanding00:31:04
lies in a complex mathematical technique00:31:06
called conformal transformation00:31:09
which is a geometric transformation that00:31:11
changes the size of an object while00:31:14
retaining its shape Roger Penrose showed00:31:17
that the cold and Empty state and the00:31:20
hot and dense state can be connected00:31:23
through this00:31:25
scale transformation can be identical in es00:31:28
to Despite having different sizes,00:31:31
however, Penrose argues that the00:31:34
concept of size loses its relevance00:31:36
in these extreme physical conditions. In00:31:40
cyclic cosmology, the sequence of00:31:42
events develops from an00:31:45
old and cold state to a young and00:31:48
hot state. The presence of the00:31:50
hot and dense is the result of the00:31:53
previous Cold and Empty State, however00:31:56
this casual relationship does not follow the00:31:59
usual pattern in terms of time since in00:32:02
these extreme states both size00:32:05
and time lose their00:32:08
conventional meanings, the cold and Empty state and00:32:12
the dense and hot exist on00:32:15
separate timelines00:32:17
meaning that from the perspective of an00:32:20
observer within his own00:32:22
time frame the cold vacuum state would00:32:25
continue indefinitely00:32:28
physics and philosophy are intertwined00:32:30
in this realm of cyclical concepts00:32:33
cosmology provides00:32:36
speculative and detailed explanations for The00:32:38
origin of these cycles, however,00:32:41
even if Penrose's ideas00:32:43
obtained support in00:32:45
cosmological advances, a deeper philosophical question still persists00:32:48
about the origin00:32:51
of physical reality. How00:32:53
did these cycles come to exist? This00:32:57
leads us to reflect on the reason for their00:32:59
existence. of something instead of nothing,00:33:02
which is one of the fundamental metaphysical questions00:33:05
for our00:33:08
discussion purposes. We will focus on00:33:11
explanations within the realm of00:33:13
physics and There are three possibilities to00:33:16
consider when exploring the origins of00:33:18
these cycles. First, it is possible00:33:22
that there is no physical explanation00:33:24
at all secondly there could00:33:26
be an infinite series of cycles where00:33:29
each cycle represents a00:33:31
different universe and the initial quantum state of00:33:34
each universe is determined in some00:33:37
way by some aspect of the universe00:33:39
that preceded it lastly there is the00:33:43
option of a single cycle and a00:33:46
repeating universe where the beginning of the cycle00:33:48
is explained by some feature of00:33:51
its own end. These possibilities00:33:54
are attractive because they avoid the00:33:56
need for uncaused and provide00:34:00
a more complete explanation within the00:34:02
physical framework in the Sphere of00:34:05
Penr Physics. proposes the idea of an00:34:08
endless sequence of cycles influenced by00:34:11
his interpretation of00:34:12
quantum mechanics in quantum mechanics a00:34:15
physical system exists in multiple00:34:17
states00:34:18
simultaneously until it is observed at which00:34:21
point it00:34:23
randomly collapses into a single state penr00:34:26
suggests that each cycle is influenced00:34:28
by random quantum events that give00:34:31
rise to variations between cycles,00:34:34
this concept opens00:34:36
promising possibilities for00:34:38
experimental physicists since it suggests the00:34:40
possibility of detecting subtle traces00:34:43
or anomalies in the remaining radiation00:34:46
of big B. And what do you think, let us00:34:50
know in the comments box if If you00:34:52
liked the video, remember to press the00:34:55
like button, subscribe to the channel and00:34:58
share this video so that it reaches00:35:00
more peopleDescription:
El descubrimiento más sorprendente de la era espacial ha llegado gracias al telescopio James Webb, el observatorio espacial más avanzado jamás construido. Las observaciones realizadas por este telescopio han llevado a los científicos a cuestionar las teorías previas sobre el origen del universo y han planteado una idea audaz: vivimos dentro de un agujero negro, y el Big Bang se equivocó. Durante décadas, la teoría predominante ha sido que el universo se originó a partir de una gran explosión conocida como el Big Bang. Sin embargo, las imágenes y los datos recopilados por el telescopio James Webb han revelado una imagen completamente diferente. En lugar de un universo que se expande desde un punto central, las observaciones muestran una estructura que se asemeja a un agujero negro masivo que contiene nuestro universo. Los astrónomos y físicos teóricos están desconcertados por este descubrimiento revolucionario. Las imágenes infrarrojas de alta resolución del telescopio James Webb han capturado fenómenos que sugieren la existencia de un horizonte de sucesos, la frontera en la que la gravedad de un agujero negro es tan fuerte que nada puede escapar de él, incluida la luz. Esto plantea una serie de interrogantes sobre la naturaleza misma de nuestro universo. ¿Cómo es posible que vivamos dentro de un agujero negro? ¿Qué implicaciones tiene esto para nuestra comprensión de la cosmología y la física fundamental? Estas son preguntas que los científicos están ansiosos por responder. Si esta nueva teoría resulta ser cierta, cambiaría por completo nuestra comprensión del cosmos. Nuestro universo sería solo una parte de un sistema mucho más vasto y complejo, y tendríamos que repensar muchas de las ideas fundamentales sobre el tiempo, el espacio y la materia. El telescopio James Webb ha abierto una puerta a nuevos misterios y desafíos científicos que desafían nuestras creencias establecidas. A medida que los científicos continúan analizando los datos recopilados y realizando observaciones adicionales, esperamos que se desvele más información sobre este increíble descubrimiento y sus implicaciones para nuestra comprensión del universo.
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