Download "Putin’s top 3 lies: from Ukraine to the Second World War | Defence in Depth"

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Telegraph

News

Russia

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Ukraine

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History

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Ukrainian SSR

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00:00:02

Winston Churchill famously defined

00:00:04

Russia as a riddle wrapped in a mystery

00:00:07

inside an enigma he saw the country as

00:00:10

essentially unknowable too large to be

00:00:12

summarized too clouded in subterfues and

00:00:15

centuries of complex culture and history

00:00:17

to be accurately understood by Western

00:00:20

commentators

00:00:21

truer words perhaps have never been

00:00:23

spoken in the world of geopolitics

00:00:27

but we've got 10 minutes so let's have a

00:00:28

go shall we

00:00:41

for years Russia has distorted its

00:00:43

history contorted it so profoundly that

00:00:46

we just like millions of ordinary

00:00:48

Russians can no longer measure modern

00:00:50

Russia according to the most important

00:00:52

metric reality in this episode of

00:00:55

Defense in depth I'm going to examine

00:00:57

three of the most significant

00:00:59

Corruptions of historical truth

00:01:01

frequently proclaimed in Putin's Russia

00:01:03

and the implications so coming in at

00:01:06

number three

00:01:07

Ukraine is not a state

00:01:10

most relevant to the brutal War being

00:01:12

fought on European soil is Putin's gross

00:01:15

manipulations of Ukraine's history and

00:01:17

of Russia's role in that history for his

00:01:20

own ends as far back as April 2008 at a

00:01:24

NATO Summit Putin remarked that Ukraine

00:01:26

is not even a state and in 2014 upon the

00:01:29

annexation of Crimea he declared that

00:01:31

Russians and ukrainians are one people

00:01:33

who cannot live without each other

00:01:36

such ideas were drilled home in a speech

00:01:38

directly before The full-scale Invasion

00:01:40

when he said modern Ukraine was holy and

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fully created by Bolshevik communist

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Russia

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whilst it is true to say that Ukraine

00:01:50

and Russia share many historical ties

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the idea they have always been analogous

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is simply untrue and especially the idea

00:01:57

that Ukraine was a mere creation of

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Lenin at the stroke of a pen

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for centuries the buds of Ukrainian

00:02:04

identity flowered despite their

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suppression in the Russian Empire under

00:02:08

the romanovs then suddenly with the

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implosion of the Russian Empire in

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Austria-Hungary during the first world

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war this nascent nationalism germinated

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into calls for statehood

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now this is a very complicated period

00:02:21

but the simple version is that after

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Tsar Nicholas II abdicated in Russia in

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1917 the provisional government that

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replaced him recognized calls from

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within Ukraine for its lands to be

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independently represented by Central

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Council there

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this Council then swiftly declared its

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autonomy from Russia

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yet with the overthrow of the

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provisional government by Lenin and the

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Bolsheviks the new Bolshevik government

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invaded Ukraine and other Eastern

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European territories which had either

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been ceded to Germany and the other

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powers that had invaded Russia in World

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War One all which have been granted

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freedoms from that short-lived

00:02:59

provisional government this Invasion

00:03:01

crushed the new independent state in

00:03:03

Ukraine replacing it with a puppet state

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the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

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thus Ukraine was once again partitioned

00:03:13

between Russia soon to become the Soviet

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Union and newly independent Poland

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the next defining event in the story of

00:03:21

Ukrainian statehood and one conveniently

00:03:24

ignored or worse by Putin's propaganda

00:03:26

is the holiday more also known as the

00:03:29

great Ukrainian famine of 1932-33

00:03:32

whereas many as 5 million ukrainians

00:03:36

died due to the deliberate policies of

00:03:38

Joseph Stalin

00:03:40

[Music]

00:03:42

most reputable historians agree that

00:03:44

this entirely man-made famine was at

00:03:47

least in part a deliberate consequence

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of the Soviet leader seeking to

00:03:52

eliminate the Ukrainian Independence

00:03:54

Movement constituting a genocide

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under Putin Russian propagandists have

00:04:00

been tasked with downplaying this tragic

00:04:02

event arguing that Soviet authorities

00:04:05

had no intention of engineering a

00:04:07

man-made famine blaming climate

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conditions and forced collectivization

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their narrative underscores that these

00:04:14

events represented a shared tragedy

00:04:16

affecting the entire Soviet population

00:04:19

not just ukrainians suffice to say most

00:04:23

ukrainians many who lost relatives feel

00:04:26

very differently

00:04:27

I referenced Stalin a moment ago which

00:04:30

leads us neatly into number two on our

00:04:32

list of Lies

00:04:33

Stalin wasn't that bad

00:04:36

of the major figures of the Russian

00:04:38

Revolution it is Stalin whose reputation

00:04:41

has undergone the most revisions since

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his death in 1953.

00:04:46

in his secret speech at the 20th

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Congress of the Communist Party in

00:04:50

February 1956 Nikita Khrushchev Stalin's

00:04:54

successor denounced Stalin's cult of

00:04:57

personality and revealed some of the

00:04:59

atrocities committed during Stalin's

00:05:01

rule such as the Great Purge of

00:05:04

1936-38 which saw as many as a million

00:05:07

Russians exiled imprisoned or shot

00:05:11

the Stark horror of Stalin's gulags

00:05:14

largely forgotten in the collective

00:05:16

memory thanks to there being few

00:05:17

physical traces of them unlike the Nazi

00:05:20

death camps is captured in their

00:05:22

description by one of the survivors as

00:05:24

Auschwitz without the ovens

00:05:29

Khrushchev initiated a process to

00:05:32

rehabilitate and release many of the

00:05:34

political prisoners who had been

00:05:35

unjustly imprisoned during the Stalin

00:05:37

era and statues were removed and

00:05:40

Stalin's names expunged from streets and

00:05:42

institutions yet in Putin's Russia we've

00:05:45

seen the reverse with Stalin's crimes

00:05:47

pushed to the margins of the collective

00:05:50

Consciousness as recently as February a

00:05:53

new bust of the Soviet leader was

00:05:54

unveiled in Volgograd formerly

00:05:56

Stalingrad and with the launch of the

00:05:58

full-scale invasion of Ukraine Stalin

00:06:01

has become a symbol of Russia's fight

00:06:03

against kiev's so-called neo-nazis

00:06:06

School textbooks lowered his efforts

00:06:09

during World War II despite the fact he

00:06:11

was caught completely off guard by

00:06:12

Hitler with whom he'd struck a

00:06:14

non-aggression pact more on that shortly

00:06:17

is it any wonder that a society which

00:06:20

venerates its most violent Soviet

00:06:22

Masters Lenin's body still lies in his

00:06:25

purpose-built mausoleum in red square is

00:06:28

capable of the war crimes we've seen

00:06:30

committed in Ukraine against civilians

00:06:33

and soldiers

00:06:35

foreign

00:06:41

Russia won World War II almost

00:06:44

single-handedly every Victory Day in Red

00:06:48

Square Putin ensures he's photographed

00:06:50

alongside some of the last remaining

00:06:52

veterans of World War II known in Russia

00:06:55

as the Great Patriotic War

00:06:58

key to understanding modern Russia is a

00:07:01

degree to which that conflict is

00:07:03

considered not an event for many years

00:07:05

ago but much more recently

00:07:08

this is perhaps understandable given the

00:07:11

scale of the Soviet losses at the hands

00:07:13

of the Germans

00:07:15

whereas Britain and America suffered

00:07:17

half a million civilian and Military

00:07:18

deaths each during the war the Soviet

00:07:21

Union lost as many as 24 million

00:07:25

[Music]

00:07:27

though it's important to add that as

00:07:29

many as 14 million of those were

00:07:31

Ukrainian the greatest single loss of

00:07:33

any modern day nation

00:07:35

yet despite the collective suffering

00:07:37

endured by the Allies under Putin the

00:07:40

role played by other countries who

00:07:42

fought alongside the Soviets to defeat

00:07:44

the Nazis has not only been downplayed

00:07:47

but distorted to serve his own ends far

00:07:50

from standing up to the threat of

00:07:52

fascism from the outset

00:07:54

in August 1939 the Soviet Union signed

00:07:58

the molotov ribbon trough non-aggression

00:08:00

pact with Nazi Germany this also

00:08:03

partitioned Central and Eastern Europe

00:08:05

between them the existence of this pact

00:08:08

was long denied in Russia until formally

00:08:13

acknowledged by Gorbachev in 1989

00:08:16

since then gradual attempts have been

00:08:19

made by the state to rationalize it in

00:08:22

2005 Putin compared it to the Munich

00:08:25

agreement

00:08:27

in reality

00:08:28

the Munich agreement sought to contain

00:08:30

rather than mandate continued Nazi

00:08:33

expansion whereas the molotov ribbon

00:08:36

Trot pact gave license to the Germans

00:08:38

via its secret protocol to invade other

00:08:41

countries and divide up the borders of

00:08:43

Central and Eastern Europe into Soviet

00:08:46

and German spheres of influence the

00:08:48

common claim in Russia that the Allies

00:08:50

did little to support them until D-Day

00:08:52

not only ignores the invasion of Italy

00:08:55

in 1943 thereby opening a second front

00:08:57

and relieving pressure on the Soviets

00:08:59

but also the fundamental role played by

00:09:02

America's lend Lee's act which donated

00:09:04

vast resources to countries resisting

00:09:07

its enemies this and similar donations

00:09:09

from the Allies kept Russia in the fight

00:09:13

Len leads to the Soviet Union alone

00:09:15

totals 180 billion dollars in today's

00:09:19

currency and included 400 000 jeeps and

00:09:23

trucks 14 000 airplanes 8 000 tractors

00:09:26

13 000 tanks 1.5 million blankets 15

00:09:30

million pairs of army boots 2.7 million

00:09:33

tons of petrol products and 4.5 million

00:09:36

tons of food

00:09:38

without this historians agree it would

00:09:40

have been impossible for Russia to

00:09:43

continue fighting

00:09:44

furthermore the Soviet victory in the

00:09:46

pivotal Battle of kusk in 1943 the

00:09:49

largest tank battle in history may have

00:09:52

only happened because of the Soviets

00:09:54

utilizing British intelligence Stalin

00:09:56

had willfully ignored Allied

00:09:58

intelligence during the war but on this

00:10:00

occasion utilized it on the battlefield

00:10:02

yielding stunning and vital results

00:10:05

meanwhile it's good to see after

00:10:07

successful action the stream of German

00:10:08

Prisoners the prisoners are there in

00:10:10

hundreds

00:10:11

none of this is to downplay the shared

00:10:14

tragedy that was the Second World War

00:10:16

but the point is that it was just that

00:10:19

shared yet in Putin's Russia the role of

00:10:23

other countries has been airbrushed out

00:10:25

to the point that one would think Russia

00:10:27

fought the Nazis alone contributing to

00:10:30

the narrative that the collective West

00:10:31

from Napoleon to Hitler to present day

00:10:34

leaders only ever behaves in a way that

00:10:37

is hostile to the Russian state in his

00:10:40

novel 1984 George Orwell wrote

00:10:43

who controls the past controls the

00:10:45

future who controls the present controls

00:10:48

the past

00:10:50

the Soviet state was on his mind yet it

00:10:53

remains just as true for Putin's Russia

00:10:56

the lesson from history surely is that

00:11:00

lying so brazenly leads a state or an

00:11:03

individual to begin to believe their own

00:11:05

lies

00:11:06

and thus to overestimate their

00:11:09

capabilities and their imperishability

00:11:13

so it has proved for the Russians in

00:11:15

Ukraine

00:11:17

so it may prove for Vladimir Putin

00:11:19

himself

00:11:22

defense in depth is a weekly video

00:11:24

output by the telegraph of the big

00:11:26

defense stories if you'd like a daily

00:11:28

fix of content about the war in Ukraine

00:11:31

I suggest Ukraine the latest the

00:11:33

telegraphs podcast

00:11:34

for more defense stories we've left

00:11:36

links in the description below and if

00:11:38

you have a topic you'd like us to cover

00:11:39

let us know in the comments please do

00:11:42

visit our website for the latest updates

00:11:43

news and Analysis or failing that you

00:11:46

could buy the paper

Description:

When Russia invaded Ukraine last year, the myth of its military capabilities in the European theatre – still potent thanks to mental images of Red Army tanks storming across Eastern Europe in the dying days of World War Two – was shattered overnight. But we should not have been so surprised. For years, Russia has distorted its history, contorted it so profoundly, that we, just like millions of ordinary Russians, can no longer measure modern Russia according to the most important metric: reality. In this episode of Defence in Depth, Francis Dearnley, The Telegraph’s Assistant Comment Editor, examines three of the most significant corruptions of historical truth frequently proclaimed in Putin’s Russia, and their implications. Find our Defence in Depth playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJnf_DDTfIVAddjHY3ss14eTzAZ_koulx For our podcast Ukraine: The Latest, visit: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJnf_DDTfIVCYlsANGtNkzMeM9Fdmqzxr Subscribe to The Telegraph with our special offer: just £1 for 3 months. Start your free trial now: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/customer/subscribe/digitalsub/3for1/?WT.mc_id=tmgoff_pvid_conversion-subscription_editorial-iniative_03-22_EGW-13_organic_youtube Get the latest headlines: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/ Telegraph.co.uk and YouTube.com/TelegraphTV are websites of The Telegraph, the UK's best-selling quality daily newspaper providing news and analysis on UK and world events, business, sport, lifestyle and culture.

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