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Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:08
in the Soviet Union00:00:10
there was a whole list of names that could00:00:13
not be written or spoken about publicly;00:00:16
first of all, these were open enemies of the00:00:19
Soviet regime or those who expressed00:00:21
disagreement with the party’s policies,00:00:25
and one of00:00:28
Lenin’s closest associates,00:00:30
the organizer of the October coup and the00:00:32
creator of the Red Army, Lev Trotsky,00:00:37
his image in official00:00:39
photographs was carefully bullied,00:00:43
all his writings were strictly prohibited in00:00:46
Soviet historical encyclopedias, there00:00:49
was not a word about him,00:00:51
any connection with Trotsky was punishable by death.00:00:56
Various types of repression in the USSR were00:00:58
carried out under the slogan of the fight against00:01:01
Trotskyism, Trotskyism was declared equal to00:01:04
fascism,00:01:05
espionage, betrayal, and so on.00:01:09
Trotsky's contribution to the victories of the Bolsheviks00:01:11
was completely forgotten;00:01:13
his services to00:01:15
the revolution were remembered only after the collapse of the USSR,00:01:19
then it became known how00:01:22
Lenin actually assessed his closest00:01:24
comrade-in-arms,00:01:26
his authority was colossal, therefore, how we are00:01:30
burning, the workers' delegations welcomed the00:01:33
congress of the health resort, everyone was in honor of Lenin,00:01:36
then part demand00:01:38
why Trotsky was expelled from the party and00:01:42
expelled from the USSR why Joseph Stalin hated him00:01:47
what role he played in the history of our00:01:50
country00:02:31
[music] On00:02:37
August 10,00:02:39
1918, a short man, bristling with search machine guns, arrived at the Sviyazhsk station00:02:46
from an armored carriage,00:02:48
accompanied by heavily armed00:02:50
guards. in pince-nez00:02:54
and a black leather cloak,00:02:57
it was the chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council00:02:59
of the Soviet Republic, Lev Davidovich00:03:02
Trotsky of the00:03:05
Volga region, he planned to personally lead00:03:08
the Bolsheviks to storm Kazan,00:03:10
having received information about Trotsky’s arrival,00:03:13
the White Guards decided to kill him and00:03:15
unexpectedly attacked the station where00:03:19
the carriage of the chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council stood, the00:03:22
Red Army soldiers of the 2nd Petrograd regiment00:03:25
defending Sviyazhsky in panic escaped00:03:28
on one of the steamships of the Volga flotilla,00:03:31
miraculously surviving Trotsky ordered to immediately00:03:35
catch and return all the fugitives,00:03:38
what happened then shocked00:03:41
both the Reds and the Whites,00:03:45
Trotsky ordered publicly, by lot, to00:03:47
shoot every tenth soldier who00:03:50
left their positions on00:03:53
August 30,00:03:55
1918,00:03:56
27 people were executed in front of the00:04:00
shocked Red Army soldiers00:04:04
Subsequently, Lev Davidovich claimed that00:04:07
it was with this bloody execution that00:04:10
the creation of a00:04:11
combat-ready Red Army began; he said that it is00:04:15
impossible to build an army without repression;00:04:18
it is impossible to lead masses of people to death without00:04:22
having the command of the death penalty in the arsenal00:04:24
until the00:04:27
evil tailless monkeys00:04:29
called people are proud of their equipment and will build armies and to00:04:33
fight,00:04:34
the command will put soldiers between00:04:36
possible death in front and inevitable00:04:40
death behind in00:04:42
just a month of fighting under Kazan, on00:04:46
Trotsky’s orders,00:04:47
several dozen commanders and00:04:49
commissars of regiments were shot whose soldiers were00:04:51
accused of cowardice or desertion;00:04:56
Trotsky acted harshly; his decrees were00:05:00
very harsh;00:05:02
deserters were shot at00:05:04
In addition, the deserter's hut was burned report a00:05:09
regiment that escaped or a battalion or a00:05:12
company left the position every tenth00:05:15
was shot indiscriminately00:05:21
during the Civil War Leon Trotsky00:05:24
personally supervised the course of many major00:05:26
military operations throughout the country he00:05:29
moved in a special armored train00:05:30
carriages had its own00:05:33
telegraph printing house power plant00:05:36
freezers00:05:38
because there00:05:39
wasn’t even a garage consisting of several00:05:41
trucks and cars on one00:05:45
of the platforms they carried an airplane00:05:47
designed for emergency situations,00:05:52
the armored train was so heavy that it was00:05:54
pulled by two locomotives at once. During the war,00:05:57
Trotsky’s train made thirty-six00:06:00
trips and covered 100 thousand kilometers,00:06:03
this was equivalent to 200:06:06
During Trotsky's trips around the world, he was always00:06:09
accompanied by well-armed guards, the00:06:13
People's Commissar unexpectedly appeared at different00:06:15
parts of the front, his visit kept00:06:18
even experienced commanders and00:06:20
commissars of the Red Army in fear,00:06:23
giving speeches to the soldiers,00:06:25
Trotsky personally encouraged those who distinguished themselves in00:06:28
battles, distributed money, weapons, pocket00:06:32
watches and other valuables00:06:35
[ music]00:06:36
[applause]00:06:38
stood in front of the soldiers and addressing the00:06:41
first row, he took one of them and00:06:45
said you and I, we are together, we are alone against00:06:49
us, those who stand behind this river,00:06:53
we will defend with you00:06:56
the land that has become ours, he wound up00:07:00
people how he awarded, he distributed orders,00:07:03
there were no orders, he gave his Mauser to the00:07:07
first soldier he came across, which00:07:10
was considered distinctive, finally, by this00:07:13
time, Trotsky was the second man in00:07:16
the country, the00:07:18
charter of the workers' and peasants' Red Army00:07:22
began at the point where you got drunk with00:07:25
Trotsky and the naval detachment, Comrade00:07:29
Trotsky will lead us into mortal combat00:07:32
his authority was colossal, therefore,00:07:35
when Rome, the workers' delegations00:07:37
greeted the congress, toasts were in00:07:41
honor of Lenin, then part of Trotsky, this00:07:44
was undeniable, he was the second person in00:07:47
the country, and maybe 100:07:51
after the end of the civil war,00:07:54
Trotsky was awarded the Order of the Red00:07:57
Banner,00:07:58
his name was assigned with a min su and00:08:00
an armored train In00:08:02
1923, the city of Gatchina was renamed00:08:06
Troitsk,00:08:07
the authority of the People's Commissar was indisputable, according to the00:08:10
general opinion in the Bolshevik Party, no one00:08:13
could compare with him in eloquence and00:08:15
ability to persuade00:08:18
Trotsky's speeches in Moscow and other00:08:20
cities of Soviet Russia attracted00:08:23
tens of thousands of people00:08:26
Brodsky must speak, now the time00:08:30
has come, he is late00:08:33
dissatisfied in the hall what is Russian00:08:37
after 10 minutes 20 half an hour at 2 the00:08:42
spotlight turns on and shines on00:08:45
the stage, a black man is running, this Russian,00:08:49
he comes to the front of the stage, he opens00:08:53
his black coat and under it there is a red00:08:57
lining and the spotlight illuminates this00:09:01
man who stands in such a pose and00:09:04
spotlights illuminate for pince-nez that00:09:08
sparkle and a magical explosion of applause00:09:12
I am a man of the revolution00:09:17
in the Russian archives00:09:20
the only recording of the voice of Leon Trotsky from the00:09:22
times of the civil war has been preserved,00:09:24
this is his speech on the occasion of the capture of00:09:27
Kharkov and Kiev by the Red Army in April00:09:30
191900:09:33
200:09:35
2 tsarist Russia was shackled and00:09:41
very warm they wore a hoop of arbitrariness00:09:46
during the last world high00:09:50
palm tree, this trick fell and fell apart and it00:09:55
seemed to many that the peoples of Russia would gather thicker and the00:10:00
warrior on when the00:10:12
Soviet government00:10:14
promises00:10:17
Tsarist Russia00:10:28
throughout the world an endless republic of all00:10:32
peoples00:10:35
Trotsky was indeed a very bright00:10:37
leader, a leader of such a charismatic00:10:40
type, that is, a leader a very bright00:10:43
tribune, an excellent speaker, that is,00:10:46
he was a year from this point of view, the00:10:48
qualities of which are absolutely00:10:50
absent in Stalin, in fact,00:10:53
Trotsky played a huge role during the years of the00:10:56
revolution and civil war in general,00:11:00
then speaking objectively, a much greater00:11:04
role than Stalin and00:11:07
therefore Trotsky enjoyed enormous00:11:10
authority at least in00:11:12
certain layers of00:11:14
the party and Tros, of course, together with Lenin,00:11:17
was considered one of the leaders of00:11:19
the revolution, the00:11:21
Russian state archive of00:11:24
socio-political history contains00:11:27
unique documents related to the life of00:11:29
Leon Trotsky, these are caricatures that00:11:32
members of the Politburo drew on each other00:11:34
during party meetings and debates00:11:37
their authors ridiculed the vices and ambitions of00:11:40
their party comrades00:11:43
these pencil drawings were not00:11:46
intended for prying eyes during00:11:49
the Soviet era they were never00:11:51
published00:11:54
the most important thing for Trotsky was the goal of his00:11:58
coming to class and being creepy and contempt for00:12:00
those around him, he often did not notice people00:12:04
who were weaker in many00:12:07
respects, he exaggerated his role in the00:12:11
subsequent about this marvelous thing, they just00:12:14
said that he despises00:12:17
everyone around him, he has too high an00:12:22
opinion of00:12:23
meat, especially in Russia, he simply00:12:26
despised this dark gray mass00:12:31
Trotsky, by the very fact of his00:12:33
existence, of course, interfered with very00:12:36
many Bolshevik leaders00:12:39
including steel lutz and therefore, regardless of00:12:42
whether00:12:43
he actually took any steps,00:12:45
sometimes they took00:12:47
some steps in order to establish themselves as00:12:50
still such a noticeable figure of the00:12:52
Bolshevik party or did not00:12:53
take any steps I still00:12:56
consider just and the first, by the very00:12:57
fact of his existence, the00:13:01
real name of Leon Trotsky was Leiba00:13:04
Bronstein,00:13:05
he was born in00:13:07
1879 and was the fifth child in the family of a00:13:10
wealthy Kherson grain merchant00:13:13
David Bronstein,00:13:15
Trotsky’s mother, she Zhivozvoskaya,00:13:18
came from a family of bankers; the00:13:20
young Leiba received her education in schools in00:13:23
Odessa and Nikolaev, according to her memoirs00:13:26
friends, the future revolutionary was very00:13:29
withdrawn,00:13:30
irritable and capricious from early00:13:34
childhood, Trotsky suffered from chronic00:13:36
illnesses,00:13:37
usually nervous shocks were accompanied by an00:13:40
upset stomach and00:13:42
epileptic seizures00:13:45
at the age of 17, or he met the00:13:48
socialists,00:13:49
they convinced him that in order to achieve00:13:51
social justice it was necessary to00:13:54
abolish private property and00:13:56
destroy all exploiters soon in00:13:59
Odessa Trotsky headed an underground00:14:01
revolutionary organization one of his00:14:04
comrades later recalled being00:14:07
everywhere and always first this always00:14:09
constituted the basic essence of00:14:11
Bronstein's personality the remaining aspects of his psyche00:14:15
were only official no superstructures00:14:17
in00:14:19
1898 Leib Bronstein was arrested00:14:22
in Odessa prison and he was soon00:14:25
sent into exile00:14:27
on his way to Siberia, he married a socialist,00:14:30
Alexandra Sokolovskaya exile, they had00:14:34
two daughters00:14:36
in 1902, Trotsky, with the help of his wife,00:14:39
managed to escape from the distant Siberian00:14:41
village of Ust-Kut to Europe,00:14:44
Alexandra, his wife made a stuffed animal00:14:48
before which she laid it in the hayloft00:14:51
when I came to ask the priest where my husband was00:14:54
in scale, yes, the devil fell ill and lay down in the hayloft of his life,00:14:57
Bronstein at that time was00:14:59
making his way along the route that had00:15:02
already been organized with the Social Democrats00:15:05
somewhere at some stage, he then received a00:15:08
passport which he had to fill out00:15:11
which names will come and suddenly it dawned00:15:16
on him in this water with 5 mind was a terrible rub00:15:19
or Trotsky it was the thunderstorm of all the00:15:23
jailers everyone was afraid of him even00:15:25
the head of the prison and suddenly Bronstein decided to00:15:30
come up with Piotrovsky as a pseudonym00:15:34
in Western Europe Trotsky met00:15:37
famous Russian Marxists00:15:40
the patron of the young revolutionary00:15:42
became Vladimir Ilyich Lenin,00:15:44
thanks to the trust of Ilyich, Trotsky00:15:47
acquired the first skills of public00:15:49
speaking on behalf of Lenin, he00:15:52
visited Belgium, Switzerland, Germany and00:15:55
France, but the friendship of the two revolutionaries did00:15:59
not last long00:16:00
when the party split into Bolsheviks00:16:02
and Mensheviks,00:16:03
Trotsky spoke out against his teacher, and00:16:06
for a long time he could not forgive him for this00:16:09
betrayal the main rumor I will expose the00:16:12
concept that he threw a line into the clinic00:16:15
and even before the revolution, a00:16:17
political prostitute00:16:20
taxi for his such things, these00:16:23
hesitations, the absence of a sister, the seal is00:16:26
clearly sti in the line of a00:16:29
political party00:16:32
on the pages of the Bolshevik press,00:16:34
Lenin wrote Trotsky behaved like the00:16:37
most vile careerist and bolt functionary00:16:40
this the party behaves worse than all the other00:16:42
functionaries and the little darling beats his00:16:45
chest and shouts about his party affiliation with00:16:47
such a blush of shame on Judas Trotsky00:16:51
or a puppy, he still remained an00:16:53
outsider with whom he00:16:55
constantly encountered in the precious years00:16:57
and Trotsky did not conflict, the00:17:00
impartial effects also affected the deer not about00:17:02
other leaders of the party, he was an00:17:04
irreconcilable enemy, which was later00:17:07
used, by the way, even though he, already00:17:09
when the family became frost,00:17:11
Trotsky was a very self-confident person,00:17:14
Trotsky was always eager for power, he always00:17:17
wanted to00:17:18
play a decisive role in the00:17:22
revolutionary party, and therefore when00:17:26
he was not recognized as no less bikini00:17:28
Bolsheviks he tried to play the role of the son of00:17:31
300 which year to reconcile the Bolsheviks and00:17:34
Mensheviks and will play some role00:17:38
in emigration Trotsky started a second family00:17:41
his common-law wife became a Russian00:17:44
revolutionary Natalia Sedogo, soon00:17:47
they had two children00:17:50
Trotsky actively wrote articles for the left-wing00:17:53
European press his he00:17:56
invested the fees in the publication of his own newspaper;00:17:58
however, until 1917, Trotsky00:18:03
received money transfers from his father,00:18:06
but there was still not enough money for the life of the new family.00:18:11
Natalya had to pawn personal00:18:14
belongings to feed his young sons.00:18:17
In his articles, Trotsky00:18:20
spoke contemptuously of Russia and praised European00:18:23
civilization,00:18:24
he wrote. in Europe, precious00:18:28
skills for self-government were developed and there the00:18:31
human personality grew up, of course, bourgeois,00:18:33
but the personality they face on which any00:18:36
baker could make peas look younger, the history of00:18:39
our social thought has still not00:18:41
been able to even touch the development of00:18:43
universal human thought, he writes about00:18:47
Russia that Russia can only create00:18:50
pathetic imitations of world standards of00:18:54
literature and music are all secondary,00:18:57
but Russia, precisely because of its00:19:00
contradictions, can play the role of a00:19:02
lighter in the pegs of a world fire,00:19:06
he believed that this revolution in Russia00:19:09
is a very good way00:19:12
to blow up the whole world00:19:15
in May 1917, just two months00:19:20
after the fall of the monarchy Trotsky managed to00:19:23
return to Russia, the00:19:25
provisional government announced the00:19:27
imminent convening of a constituent assembly00:19:30
which was to decide the fate of the country, the00:19:36
Bolshevik leader Lenin, who almost at the same00:19:39
time returned to Russia through Germany and00:19:41
Sweden,00:19:44
Prince Colgate,00:19:46
dear gentlemen, bourgeois politicians, this is the00:19:50
wrong setting of00:19:51
Mars from you, resolutely opposed this fate00:19:54
watershed on our party banners all the00:19:57
demands coming from you land to the00:20:00
peasants hall for the workers immediate00:20:03
peace we have00:20:05
exceeded us and the properties and relying on00:20:09
them00:20:10
we will take power through the council and we00:20:14
will smoothly carry out00:20:18
socialist transformations to00:20:20
build the region the craving00:20:22
for this time is already00:20:25
the revolution for the third month and00:20:29
the shoot has already forgotten the cable to whom they say00:20:33
that it might be like this for Lenin00:20:34
to turn around Trotsky creed never with00:20:38
Lenin ukab 14 years of endless polemics00:20:42
during which Trotsky accused Lenin00:20:46
of contempt for Marxism and00:20:50
was called Lenin uses Marxism as a00:20:53
broom and so on, but00:20:58
political logic forced these people to get00:21:01
closer00:21:02
in September 1917, Trotsky00:21:06
joined the Bolsheviks and was soon00:21:09
elected chairman of the Petrograd00:21:11
Soviet,00:21:13
Lenin, appreciating his quality as a fighter, a fighter, a00:21:17
tribune and an extremely energetic figure,00:21:21
called his00:21:23
allies to00:21:26
help implement the revolution in00:21:29
Petrograd, Trotsky spoke daily00:21:31
to the workers and soldiers00:21:33
to listen to his speech about00:21:35
thousands of people came to the coming socialist paradise, the00:21:40
future People's Commissar of Education Anatoly00:21:43
Lunacharsky spoke as a shoot, many people who were00:21:46
close to him saw in him the real 100:21:49
leader of the Russian revolution, the00:21:52
Petrograd security officer Moses Uritsky00:21:54
claimed the great revolution had come and00:21:57
although Lenin has a lot of wisdom, he begins to00:22:00
fade next to the genius of Trotsky00:22:04
Trotsky every day he performed00:22:07
several times, first of all in the00:22:10
modern circus, it was a circus transformed instead of00:22:14
meetings, he performed brightly, he wound up00:22:18
people, he performed all the time, the crane of the staff,00:22:21
he wound up the Kronstadt sailors, bros,00:22:24
dragged until white heat, said why00:22:27
a revolution is needed, why it is necessary to move00:22:30
from the overthrow of tsarism to socialist00:22:34
revolution, it seems to me that00:22:38
being a very00:22:41
emotional person, he saw himself as the leader of00:22:45
the revolution,00:22:46
the demon of the revolution, but what happened next00:22:51
remained very unclear00:22:55
in October 1917, Trotsky began00:23:00
preparing an armed seizure of power00:23:03
under the Petrograd Soviet, he created a00:23:06
military revolutionary committee,00:23:08
tens of thousands of Petrograd soldiers were subordinate to him00:23:11
garrison of sailors and00:23:13
working Red Guards,00:23:16
the signal to begin the performance was given on the00:23:19
morning of October 24,00:23:22
Trotsky’s troops owned the telegraph and00:23:24
stations, occupied the telephone exchange and the00:23:27
state bank, the00:23:29
seizures took place without unnecessary noise in00:23:33
the city, almost no one noticed the change00:23:35
of power, all this time Trotsky was in00:23:38
Smolny and led the coup00:23:41
Lenin arrived to him late at night on the morning of00:23:45
October 25, both Bolshevik leaders00:23:48
spoke at a meeting of the Petrograd Soviet and00:23:50
announced the victory of the proletarian revolution.00:23:53
On this day Trotsky turned 38 years old. Of00:23:58
course, it00:24:00
was enough for Kerensky to transfer00:24:02
several00:24:04
divisions in order to crush the00:24:08
uprising that was being prepared, but Kerensky did not00:24:11
have the strength and capabilities complete confusion,00:24:16
disorganization,00:24:17
this was opposed by the iron00:24:21
discipline of the Bolshevik Party, but the00:24:24
political leadership was carried out by00:24:28
this war activity of the revolutionary00:24:31
council, Trotsky,00:24:33
Trotsky’s merits in organizing the00:24:36
October revolution were00:24:37
recognized for a long time by all members of the00:24:39
Bolshevik Party. On00:24:41
November 6,00:24:43
1918, on the first anniversary of October, an00:24:49
article by Joseph Stalin was published on the pages of the newspaper.00:24:52
the October revolution00:24:53
in it he wrote, all the work on the00:24:57
practical organization of the uprising00:24:59
took place under the direct00:25:01
leadership of the chairman of the Petrograd00:25:03
Soviet, Trotsky, we can say with confidence00:25:07
that the rapid transition of the garrison00:25:09
to the side of the council and the skillful preparation of the00:25:13
work of the00:25:14
military revolutionary committee of00:25:15
the party I owe first of all and00:25:18
mainly to Comrade Trotsky00:25:22
when news of the coup reached00:25:25
Moscow, local Bolsheviks tried00:25:27
to seize the Kremlin and other strategic00:25:29
objects of the city, the00:25:33
cadets of the Moscow military schools and part of the00:25:36
officer corps acted against them,00:25:38
street battles began to00:25:40
knock the cadets out of the Kremlin,00:25:43
the Bolsheviks opened cannon fire on it, and00:25:46
dozens of00:25:48
ancient buildings were mutilated, including Spasskaya, with shells and the00:25:51
Nikolskaya tower of the Kremlin, the small00:25:54
Nikolaev palace, the Assumption Cathedral and the00:25:56
Miracle Monastery,00:25:58
about a thousand Muscovites became victims of the fighting,00:26:03
having learned about this, Trotsky declared00:26:07
when blood had already been shed there is only one00:26:10
way, a00:26:11
merciless fight for every killed00:26:14
revolutionary, we will kill 5 counter-00:26:17
revolutionaries,00:26:20
Trotsky’s longtime comrade Grigory Ziv,00:26:22
who knew him with in his youth he wrote about him in00:26:26
Trotsky’s soul there is neither cruelty nor00:26:28
humanity, instead of them there is emptiness, spiritual00:26:32
warmth for people not connected with the00:26:34
satisfaction of personal needs is absent00:26:37
in him people for him are just individuals hundreds of00:26:40
thousands of hundreds of thousands of individuals capable of00:26:43
feeding his lust for power Trotsky’s00:26:45
morality of years is an innate00:26:48
physiological defect that the00:26:50
British call moral00:26:52
insanity00:26:55
soon after the October coup,00:26:57
Lenin offered Trotsky the post of People's Commissar for00:27:00
Foreign Affairs in December 1917,00:27:04
Trotsky went to Brest-Litovsk to00:27:07
negotiate peace with the Kaiser's00:27:09
Germany,00:27:10
hoping for an early start of the world00:27:13
revolution, Trotsky told the German00:27:15
delegation00:27:16
that Russia refuses to continue the war00:27:18
but is not going to make peace with00:27:21
Germany by this time the Russian army was00:27:25
actually disbanded,00:27:28
taking advantage of this the Germans launched an00:27:30
offensive along the entire front,00:27:33
the Bolsheviks were forced to return to the00:27:36
negotiating table under the00:27:38
terms of the Brest-Litovsk peace signed on March 3,00:27:42
1918, Russia lost about a million00:27:47
square kilometers of territory and00:27:49
pledged to pay Germany 600:27:52
billion marks of indemnity00:27:56
the thing in the house is that Trotsky would be00:27:59
interesting and he did not believe00:28:02
that the revolution would last long, there is00:28:07
evidence when Trotsky said, well,00:28:09
what does he say, let’s issue a couple of beautiful00:28:12
declarations and then close the shop00:28:16
revolution, a00:28:19
socialist revolution in a00:28:20
country like Russia, this is impossible,00:28:24
according to all Trotsky’s ideas,00:28:27
an explosion will begin, this will happen will affect00:28:31
war-weary Europe and Trotsky will00:28:36
already play a role in this European00:28:38
revolution00:28:40
Trotsky said the00:28:42
socialist revolution begins on the00:28:45
national lap develops on00:28:48
the international and ends on the00:28:50
world00:28:52
at the height of the civil war he developed a00:28:56
plan that shocked even his00:28:58
party comrades00:29:00
in August 1919 he proposed urgently00:29:04
transfer parts of the red army to India00:29:07
to help the Indian liberation00:29:10
movement mohandas gandhi00:29:13
jerks like all other left00:29:17
oppositionists they stood their ground00:29:20
no compromises only world00:29:23
revolution biju world revolution we will00:29:26
not hold power socialism you can00:29:29
build their hairstyle plant cha00:29:34
Trotsky hoped for European evolution in the00:29:38
twenty-third year they were waiting for a revolution in00:29:41
Germany, the Politburo came to the point that it00:29:44
adopted a resolution that he was appointing a00:29:48
revolution for October00:29:51
'23 in Germany,00:29:53
Trotsky declared that he himself was ready to go to00:29:56
Germany and lead the revolution there, no00:29:59
no, they asked him, in the meantime, stand here, you are00:30:02
needed here,00:30:04
talking about Trotsky wrote about the tasks facing the00:30:06
Russian revolutionaries, we are00:30:07
still soldiers on the00:30:12
march in our Nivka, we need to wash our shirt,00:30:16
cut and comb our hair, and first of00:30:19
all clean and lubricate the rifle, all00:30:23
our current00:30:24
economic cultural work is00:30:27
nothing more than putting ourselves in some00:30:30
order between two battles and campaigns,00:30:33
the main battles are ahead and it may not be that00:30:37
far away. Our era is not yet the era of a00:30:40
new culture, but only a precursor to it.00:30:45
In numerous articles and essays00:30:48
published in the newspaper, it is true that Trotsky00:30:51
propagated the idea of a new proletarian00:30:53
culture, according to him, traditional00:30:57
family life should be abolished00:30:59
raising children make00:31:02
religion public, replace it with cinema, and00:31:06
replace national state symbols with international ones.00:31:09
Trotsky wrote00:31:11
workers’ states already have their00:31:14
holidays, their processes, their reviews and00:31:17
parades, their symbolic spectacles, their00:31:21
new state00:31:22
theatricality; however, in many ways it still00:31:25
adheres too closely to the old forms;00:31:28
we imitate, in part, directly00:31:31
continuing them, but in the main revolutionary00:31:34
symbolism of the workers' state is new, clear00:31:37
and powerful, the red banner, the hammer and00:31:41
sickle, the red star, worker and00:31:43
peasant, comrade international,00:31:48
Leon Trotsky was an ardent supporter of00:31:51
war communism, he was the first to propose the00:31:54
creation of labor armies, workers, in00:31:57
Trotsky's opinion, were subject to mandatory00:31:59
mobilization of those00:32:00
who disagreed should be sent to00:32:03
concentration camps in 1920 Trotsky became the00:32:07
temporary People's Commissar of Railways and00:32:09
introduced military methods of management in his People's Commissariat;00:32:17
all vacations00:32:18
for the slightest offense were canceled for employees; employees were00:32:21
deprived of food in transport; their00:32:25
own tribunal appeared and00:32:27
workers suspected of disloyalty were00:32:30
sent to arrest or00:32:32
forced labor;00:32:37
this is military discipline; this turnout at a00:32:41
certain time this is a collective00:32:44
ghetto to end this as Pro00:32:47
Tski said and it burns we spend a lot of time00:32:49
on grub00:32:50
the harvest must be collective everyone00:32:53
eats at the same place and already at the00:32:58
ninth congress Trotsky with his ideas of a00:33:02
labor army achieves success already the00:33:06
ideas of labor armies are taken on00:33:09
weapons00:33:12
one of the leaders of the People's Commissariat of Railways,00:33:15
Alexander Mugglovsky, recalled on the00:33:18
railways Trotsky introduced a genuine00:33:21
Arakcheev tire his security officers, who moved00:33:25
here with him from the military department, in00:33:28
the sense of loan executions, did00:33:31
something indescribable00:33:32
military action led to incredible00:33:35
tyranny of local authorities, but in the role of00:33:38
People's Commissar of Railways,00:33:40
Trotsky was already clearly singing his swan00:33:43
song, he was falling slowly but surely, the00:33:46
support in the form of Lenin’s hand had already00:33:48
weakened and there was no independent strength to retain00:33:52
power,00:33:56
all the party veterans who remained in the party leadership spoke out against Trotsky00:34:01
and saw him as an alien Trotsky00:34:05
was considered an alien person, he did not understand that00:34:08
the situation had changed after the end of the00:34:11
civil war he flourished while he was00:34:15
the head of the army but the war was over and00:34:19
he still wanted to command Lenin00:34:22
proposed to stop the00:34:26
tightening of the screws to00:34:27
introduce market relations00:34:31
Trotsky for the continuation of military00:34:34
communism00:34:36
Lenin stopped this and led no but00:34:40
Trotsky and quickly rebuild and00:34:42
supported no fully supported not00:34:46
in 1922, Lenin's health deteriorated sharply,00:34:52
affected by the consequences of the assassination attempt00:34:55
committed by the Socialist Revolutionaries; in 1918, a00:34:59
bullet wound to the neck disrupted the00:35:01
blood circulation of the brain; in00:35:04
1923, as a result of 3 strokes, Lenin00:35:08
lost his speech and practically ceased00:35:11
to participate in important state affairs;00:35:15
by this time,00:35:17
Joseph Stalin began to play an increasingly important role in the party00:35:19
[music] In00:35:21
1922, he was appointed to the position of00:35:24
General Secretary of the CK00:35:29
let him kill very quickly that this should00:35:33
open up enormous opportunities00:35:35
perfect not technical but the00:35:39
character of the political00:35:42
quarter a row00:35:46
was selected by Artem Ney so he was engaged in the00:35:50
selection and placement of00:35:52
leading personnel and00:35:56
would quite quickly00:35:58
use it A00:36:06
supporter began to promote his usually young people loyal to him00:36:09
in December00:36:11
1923 in the newspaper Pravda Trotsky00:36:15
published an article on new courses in which he00:36:18
wrote that there was no longer democracy in the party, the00:36:21
bureaucratic elite had grown and00:36:24
usurped all power until appointments to00:36:27
all important posts were controlled by Stalin00:36:32
. the party has split and is inflating the00:36:37
top one where decisions are made and the bottom one I00:36:42
recognize this decision Stalin 400:36:46
internal party democracy00:36:50
tables the party secretary they don’t00:36:53
like the direct ones talking about something our00:36:56
youth look to do what else00:37:00
would Garayev politicians that the top party00:37:03
in the sky she came off with help from the00:37:07
party itself it is necessary to take control,00:37:10
to restore control, he is spoiling the00:37:12
leadership, he was00:37:14
just speaking at workers’ meetings, but the00:37:17
audience was not the same, it was not the same time, people did00:37:23
n’t really like his revolutionary rhetoric,00:37:27
people saw that in 10 years the country had00:37:31
stopped fighting, it had somehow begun00:37:34
to come to its senses, and Trotsky he talked about the00:37:38
need to support the revolution in00:37:41
China in England, well, somehow it wasn’t co2,00:37:46
and then on November 7, 27, on his00:37:52
birthday, he decided to organize counter-00:37:55
demonstrations in Moscow, he spoke from the00:37:58
balcony of the National Hotel, addressing00:38:03
workers’ demonstrations, he talked about00:38:05
that it is necessary to strike against the hetman kulak and00:38:08
bureaucrat it is necessary to continue the revolution00:38:12
of vodka or you threw under tomatoes and00:38:16
cucumbers Trotsky was booed and soon a00:38:19
plenum was held and00:38:22
then a congress where Trotsky Zinoviev00:38:26
Kamenev all of the supporters were not only00:38:29
expelled from the party00:38:35
expulsion from the party turned out to be00:38:37
Trotsky's personal tragedy in00:38:40
[music]00:38:41
1928, he and his family were exiled to00:38:45
Almaty and then to Turkey,00:38:48
finding himself abroad, Trotsky00:38:50
repeatedly asked for political00:38:52
asylum in the USA, Germany, France,00:38:54
Great Britain and other countries,00:38:58
but everywhere he was refused, only in00:39:02
1936 did the00:39:05
authorities agree to accept the disgraced revolutionary Mexico00:39:08
in exile Trotsky wrote a lot00:39:11
[music] In00:39:12
1938 he began working on a 2-ton00:39:16
biography of Stalin about his main00:39:19
opponent Trotsky wrote from behind the back of the00:39:22
great Stalin looks at humanity00:39:26
Tiflis tradesman Dzhugashvili a00:39:29
limited and ignorant scoundrel the00:39:32
mechanics of world reaction armed him with00:39:35
unlimited power00:39:37
political horizons his extremely narrow00:39:40
theoretical level is completely00:39:42
primitive to the upper layer of the party, he00:39:45
always seemed to be a man created for00:39:47
second and third roles, and the fact that he is00:39:50
now playing 1 role characterizes not00:39:53
so much him as the transitional period of00:39:55
political slide Stalinism is a00:39:58
clot of all the deformities of the historical00:40:00
state, his ominous caricature and00:40:03
disgusting grimace00:40:06
he believed that00:40:09
Stalin was a nonentity who was raised by the00:40:12
bureaucratic machine, to rob the00:40:15
erotic machine can be turned00:40:17
against Stalin, he wrote without the00:40:20
bureaucratic machine, steel to me, what does it mean that00:40:23
you must rise up against you,00:40:26
employees must speak out against puts,00:40:30
remaining an ardent supporter of the world00:40:33
revolution, Trotsky turned into one00:40:35
of the main critics of Stalin,00:40:38
he wrote since in general we can be00:40:40
interested in the personal fate of Stalin, we can00:40:43
only wish that he survived the collapse of00:40:45
his system; he will not have to wait00:40:49
so long; the monuments that he built00:40:51
for himself will be destroyed or handed over to the museum of00:40:55
totalitarian gangsterism, but the00:40:57
victorious working class will review00:41:00
all processes of public secrets and put00:41:03
on the squares of the liberated Soviet00:41:06
Union there are monuments to the unfortunate victims of the00:41:09
Stalinist system of meanness and dishonor00:41:14
Trotsky did not have time to finish the book about Stalin On00:41:17
August 20, 1940, the Spanish00:41:22
NKVD agent Ramon Mercader00:41:24
managed to penetrate into the Russian’s office where00:41:27
he dealt him a fatal blow with an ice ax00:41:30
for this murder Mercader was sentenced00:41:32
to 20 years imprisonment, having00:41:35
served his entire term, he was released00:41:38
only in00:41:40
1961,00:41:41
the Soviet state awarded the00:41:44
Mercader with the Order of Lenin and the gold00:41:46
star of the Hero of the Soviet Union. The00:41:49
fate of00:41:51
Trotsky’s children and close relatives was no less tragic; his00:41:55
eldest daughter, Zinaida, suffered from00:41:57
hysterical fits and committed00:41:59
suicide; his00:42:01
second daughter, Nina, died from consumption, his00:42:04
son Lev suffered from an intestinal disease and00:42:07
died in France during an operation,00:42:11
Trotsky himself believed that the lion was poisoned by00:42:13
NKVD employees, his00:42:15
youngest son Sergei was shot in00:42:19
1937, in00:42:21
1941,00:42:24
Trotsky’s sister Olga Davidovna was also shot,00:42:27
Trotsky’s fate was of course unhappy,00:42:31
he00:42:32
involuntarily00:42:34
doomed their children because they were00:42:37
perceived primarily as00:42:39
Trotsky’s children, all the children died and perished00:42:43
primarily because they played the role00:42:46
primarily of the children of the famous Trotsky,00:42:50
six months before his death, Trotsky wrote00:42:53
a will in which he said I will die a00:42:57
proletarian revolutionary, a Marxist, a00:43:00
dialectical materialist and00:43:03
therefore an irreconcilable an atheist, my00:43:07
faith in the communist future of00:43:08
humanity is now no less ardent but00:43:12
stronger than in the days of my youth00:43:16
in 2002, Leon Trotsky was officially00:43:20
rehabilitated by the prosecutor's office of the Russian00:43:22
Federation00:43:23
[music]Description:
Вожди народов. Лев Троцкий. Документальный фильм (2021) | History Lab. По заказу АО "ЦТВ". Производство: Студия Град (History Lab). © 2021 Цикл документальных фильмов «Вожди народов» расскажет о биографии великих политиков, которые по праву считаются творцами мировой истории ХХ века. Среди них – Франклин Рузвельт, Уинстон Черчилль, Шарль де Голль, Бенито Муссолини, Чан Кайши, Мао Цзэдун, Никита Хрущев, Леонид Брежнев и другие. Как эти люди оказались на вершине власти? Как формировались их политические взгляды? Какие их решения оказались спасительными, а какие – губительными? Об этом и многом другом расскажет цикл «Вожди народов». В фильмах использованы уникальные документы, фотографии и редкая архивная кинохроника. Хронометраж каждого фильма – 44 минуты. Цикл состоит из десяти серий. ___________________________________________________________ Подпишитесь на канал! Нажмите колокольчик! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UClCTOKrNGBcXwVFFTENXAoQ History Lab – это уникальная кинохроника в HD качестве, документальные фильмы собственного производства, интервью с известными историками и многое другое. Мы работаем с крупнейшими архивами кинодокументов, сотрудничаем с всемирно известными научными организациями и хотим, чтобы история стала частью вашей жизни. © Все авторские права защищены. Копирование и использование любого материала возможно только с письменного разрешения правообладателя. ___________________________________________________________ Больше интересного видео смотрите в наших плейлистах: Вожди народов: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgctnI88vkPkqLrkuxYMktzEecA4wPINl Вторая мировая война: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgctnI88vkPkEe07BLfS1tBZu_Fq3G110 Цветная кинохроника Второй мировой войны: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgctnI88vkPkPTN08wRTLI80RTv2c6ll- История России от А до Я с Николаем Борисовым: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgctnI88vkPkgO2rR5ywYkhkpdtJVCS72 История России. ХХ век: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgctnI88vkPmRUCSt9X3kMnyyg9BpMAmG 30 лет распада СССР. История в лицах: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgctnI88vkPnHK0_FLtAy2uXUdLEqKaSG Исторические места: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgctnI88vkPkE_ayEuNs65877OSm0LuS4 СССР. Империя наоборот: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgctnI88vkPlIqfI6wOTO3Up4u2dHKXzk СССР в цвете: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgctnI88vkPm0v0-5fOs0qmlnOY7O2L62 Русские тайны. ХХ век: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgctnI88vkPnJXjJuDIXhsFyUPZcbzbZx Спасённые шедевры России: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgctnI88vkPnui49V_K0k5lmdvkQYrqxo Китай глазами советских операторов: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgctnI88vkPmCoAtlCHjI7-kFmBMGLsWO History Lab. Хроника [Footage HD 1080p]: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgctnI88vkPklp3vMGN2Kthmj1aMyiTK History Lab. Интервью: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgctnI88vkPkQUwrkPtYQ3lGGlsBqfgYT History Lab. Лекция: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgctnI88vkPkS_v5LM0ZoQul6ezTduYHL Фильмы Алексея Денисова: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgctnI88vkPklbVXSu6j_N6NNa1tjBbOm Телепередача Русский мир: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgctnI88vkPnznhgNJKf-uchOG9zXZvH5 ___________________________________________________________ Подписывайтесь на нас в социальных сетях: Instagram: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser VK: https://vk.com/historylab.online Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Twitter: https://twitter.com/lab_history Одноклассники: https://ok.ru/group/61091614949414 Telegram: https://telegram.org/
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