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Ел Арна

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00:00:01

[music]

00:00:04

[applause]

00:00:05

[music]

00:00:13

hello topic of the lesson: the structure of

00:00:17

localization and general properties of fast and

00:00:20

slow muscle fibers types of

00:00:23

skeletal muscle tissues

00:00:25

relative to actin Today in the lesson

00:00:30

learn to establish the connection the structure of

00:00:34

localization and general properties of fast and

00:00:37

slow muscle fibers the

00:00:41

tone of skeletal muscles is associated with the

00:00:44

flow rare nerve

00:00:46

impulses to the muscle excite

00:00:49

various muscle fibers alternately, these impulses

00:00:55

arise from motor neurons of the spinal cord, the

00:00:59

activity of which in turn is

00:01:02

supported and regulated by impulses

00:01:05

emanating

00:01:06

both from the overlying centers and in the

00:01:11

periphery from proprioceptors, the

00:01:13

tone of the skeletal muscles located in the muscles themselves

00:01:18

has a reflex nature, there are two

00:01:25

types skeletal muscles, each of which

00:01:28

has its own physiological characteristics,

00:01:31

these are slow tonic and fast

00:01:34

physical fibers, thanks to the fibers of

00:01:37

these two types, the body is capable of

00:01:40

aggregation and maintaining a posture; fast

00:01:43

fibers allow muscles to contract at

00:01:47

high speed; in humans, all muscles of the

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body consist of fibers of two types

00:01:56

at the same time, but usually one of them

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dominates and this has physiological

00:02:02

significance since the tonic muscles

00:02:05

are capable of slow and

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long-term contraction and there are

00:02:10

naturally

00:02:12

more of them in the extensor muscles, while the

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flexor muscles intended for

00:02:19

fast reactions predominate physically;

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as a rule, in fast muscle

00:02:28

fibers the

00:02:31

sarcoplasmic reticulum is more developed, which

00:02:33

contributes to rapid release calcium they are

00:02:38

called white muscle fibers

00:02:41

slow muscles are built from

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smaller fibers

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such muscles are often called red

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because of the reddish color associated with a

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high myoglobin content since

00:03:00

muscles are able to develop force only when

00:03:03

shortened, that is, pull but not push, it is

00:03:06

clear that in order to displace the bone a

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then it is necessary to return it to its previous position

00:03:12

at least two muscles or

00:03:16

two muscle groups; a

00:03:18

pair of muscles acting in this way

00:03:21

is called antagonists;

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very rarely, only one

00:03:27

pair of antagonist muscles is involved in the movement; usually, each

00:03:30

individual movement is provided by

00:03:33

muscle groups

00:03:35

called synergists; the table

00:03:39

shows the classification of the types

00:03:42

produced by pairs antagonist muscles

00:03:46

so flexor muscles

00:03:49

type of movement produced this

00:03:54

attracts 2 skeletal elements to each

00:03:57

other

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extensors melts the limb

00:04:01

pulls 2

00:04:03

skeletal elements away from each other

00:04:06

adductor muscles pulls the limb in the

00:04:09

direction of the longitudinal axis of the body

00:04:12

abductor muscle

00:04:14

removes the limb

00:04:16

from the longitudinal axis of the body about the tractor pulls the

00:04:20

distal limb forward

00:04:24

retractor pulls the distal part of

00:04:28

the limb

00:04:29

back and the rotator turns the

00:04:34

entire limb or part of it in one of the joints; the

00:04:40

magnitude of the muscle contraction during the given

00:04:44

irritation depends on its

00:04:48

morphological properties; such

00:04:49

physiological state; long muscles

00:04:53

contract by a greater amount than

00:04:56

short ones; moderate stretching of the muscles and

00:05:00

increases its contractile effect with a

00:05:04

strong stretch and

00:05:06

contraction, the muscle relaxes;

00:05:09

if, as a result of prolonged work,

00:05:12

muscle fatigue develops, and then the value

00:05:16

and contraction falls to measure

00:05:22

muscle strength and determines either the maximum load

00:05:26

that it is able to lift or the maximum

00:05:29

tension that it

00:05:32

can develop under conditions of

00:05:34

isometric contraction of

00:05:39

slow or tonic

00:05:42

muscles

00:05:45

has the following characteristics: high

00:05:48

content of myoglobin and cytochrome

00:05:51

pigments; slowly tires; close

00:05:54

contact with glycogen capillaries; little

00:05:58

consists of small fibers; function

00:06:02

provides long-term muscle contraction;

00:06:05

it is used to maintain posture;

00:06:10

fast or physical muscles; has such

00:06:15

characteristics; few mitochondria;

00:06:18

sarcoplasmic reticulum; well-

00:06:20

developed myoglobin and its chromic there are

00:06:24

few or no pigments at all; a large

00:06:28

number of glycogen granules; the function

00:06:31

provides immediate rapid

00:06:34

contraction when the circulatory system is

00:06:37

still adapting to a new level of

00:06:41

muscle activity and this is important for

00:06:44

locomotion; let’s draw a comparative table of

00:06:50

slow and fast muscles; slow muscles

00:06:54

are located in the deep layers of the muscles

00:06:57

of the limb;

00:06:58

and fast muscles located closer to the

00:07:02

surface

00:07:03

innervation slow muscles thin nerve

00:07:08

fibers 5 micrometers in diameter on

00:07:13

one muscle fiber several

00:07:15

annular plates

00:07:18

impulse conduction speed 2 8 milliseconds fast muscles

00:07:24

thick nerve fibers 1020

00:07:28

micrometers in diameter on a muscle fiber 1

00:07:32

ring plate

00:07:35

we add 20 milliseconds excitability

00:07:40

membrane does not have electrical

00:07:42

excitability and slow muscles, and in

00:07:46

fast muscles it has electrical

00:07:49

excitability;

00:07:50

physiological activity in slow

00:07:53

muscles

00:07:54

is a source of ATP; aerobic respiration;

00:07:58

many fibers, with a lack of oxygen,

00:08:01

continue to work due to anaerobic

00:08:05

glycolysis; in this case,

00:08:07

lactic acid is formed and an oxygen

00:08:11

debt is created; as the

00:08:14

respiratory substrate is oxidized, reserves are mobilized

00:08:17

carbohydrates and fats,

00:08:19

heat is removed from the muscles as it is

00:08:24

produced in fast muscles, an

00:08:27

oxygen debt is quickly created

00:08:29

as a respiratory

00:08:32

substrate, glycogen is intensively used,

00:08:35

the location of slow and

00:08:39

fast

00:08:40

muscles in the human body,

00:08:44

slow muscles are located in the delta muscles and

00:08:47

forearms,

00:08:48

and fast muscles consist of the pectoral muscles

00:08:53

and biceps and muscles consist of muscle

00:09:00

fibers covered with sarcolemma th'

00:09:04

turn sarco whether we have contractile

00:09:07

proteins like actin and myosin also

00:09:10

muscle contraction moves the body

00:09:13

and causes the mobility of organs

00:09:20

actin and myosin are the main

00:09:24

components of the contractile apparatus

00:09:27

also the basic unit of

00:09:30

contraction of striated muscles

00:09:33

muscles is tissues are capable

00:09:36

of contraction, which ensures

00:09:39

body movement and organ mobility;

00:09:45

protein motor, which ensures

00:09:48

muscle contraction,

00:09:49

belongs to the myosin family 2-12

00:09:53

is a grigs dimensional

00:09:55

complex consisting of two heavy chains

00:09:59

and two pairs of different light chains;

00:10:07

striated muscles consist of

00:10:09

bundles of

00:10:10

muscle fibers each muscle fiber

00:10:13

consists of thousands of myofibrils which

00:10:16

are rod-shaped

00:10:18

organelles capable of contraction

00:10:21

myofibrils consists of repeating

00:10:24

units which are called with arch measures

00:10:27

sarcomeres are located one after another and

00:10:30

causes the characteristic striation of the

00:10:33

muscles when the muscle contracts and relaxes

00:10:37

and the length changes sarcomeres contain

00:10:43

thick filaments consisting of

00:10:45

bipolar muscle filaments that

00:10:48

contain actin filaments and regulatory

00:10:51

proteins the feathered ends of the actin

00:10:54

filaments on one side are attached to the

00:10:57

structure of the sarcomere

00:10:58

which is called the z-disc while

00:11:02

all actin filaments on one side of the

00:11:05

z-disc

00:11:06

have the same polarity the actin

00:11:09

filaments are attached to a note and

00:11:11

copied due to binding c a

00:11:14

copying protein that prevents

00:11:18

polymerization of the active and filaments; the

00:11:20

pointed ends of the actin filaments are

00:11:24

oriented toward the center from the cramer and

00:11:27

we copy and

00:11:28

mazurin pipes with actin filaments;

00:11:36

proteins do not interact;

00:11:46

z-discs m

00:11:51

lines are a structure

00:11:54

consisting of flexibly connected bio

00:11:57

polar thick filaments, these bonds

00:12:01

hold the thick filaments together with a

00:12:03

hexagonal filament located inside

00:12:07

along with the m line,

00:12:10

which is called titin, forms an

00:12:14

elastic connection between the z-discs and

00:12:18

myosin fibers of the spots ensures the

00:12:22

centering of the thick filaments of the variety least

00:12:25

and acts like a spring that does not

00:12:28

allow

00:12:29

stretching in the sarcomere; thin and

00:12:32

thick filaments intertwine to form a

00:12:36

three-dimensional lattice structure;

00:12:43

move on to the practical part of our

00:12:45

lesson; task 1; find the correspondence of

00:12:48

muscle fibers to the parameters;

00:12:57

correct answer; low speed of

00:13:00

contraction; slow muscle fibers;

00:13:03

no myoglobin; fast muscle

00:13:05

fibers; rapid fatigue

00:13:08

fast muscles have energy reserves in slow

00:13:12

muscles source hotel aerobic respiration these are

00:13:17

slow muscles located on the

00:13:20

surface of the fiber

00:13:21

fast muscles task 2

00:13:26

complete the sentences put the

00:13:29

correct answers from the

00:13:32

list below in the blanks

00:13:43

the correct answer the main components of the

00:13:46

sarcomere is myosin and actin muscles are

00:13:51

divided according to their ability and contraction into

00:13:54

smooth skeletal

00:13:55

and cardiac smooth muscles

00:13:59

contain the protein myosin 2 task 3

00:14:05

determine what types of muscle fibers are

00:14:09

typical for

00:14:10

athletes

00:14:19

the correct answer is an athlete who

00:14:23

participates in a marathon developed slow

00:14:25

muscles an athlete who participates in

00:14:29

sprints

00:14:30

developed fast muscles let’s summarize the

00:14:35

lesson

00:14:36

today we learned how to establish a connection between the

00:14:40

structure of localization and general properties

00:14:43

fast and slow muscle fibers

00:14:48

lesson over goodbye

00:14:54

[music]

Description:

Тема урока: Строение, локализации и общие свойства быстрых и медленных мышечных волокон. Типы скелетных мышечных тканей относительно актина С понедельника по пятницу с 09:00-18:00 телевизионные уроки в эфире EL ARNA Запись телеуроков: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDIwNJYcIQ77fZ7Tqrb5myYpNtQbhnA4p https://edu.elarna.kz/ru/tv-lessons

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