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00:00:02
There is going to be a success, guys, those who are there, those00:00:06
who are listening,00:00:11
there is going to be a text that I have told you that I00:00:12
am going to give in a general way to00:00:15
all of the students, that text,00:00:18
if you receive it, please do not00:00:21
reproduce it. So fast, it00:00:23
's not that I atrociously gave this00:00:25
material as a gift, so I already give it to my00:00:26
friends, so very quickly it will become00:00:28
generalized,00:00:30
so when you are going to give them a00:00:32
gift that is for you, and always be00:00:35
quiet, I don't give away a material that is not00:00:37
always in your Mind you, the teacher will be there, he00:00:40
gave me good material,00:00:42
but it is no longer necessary to talk to00:00:44
others. We're back, ready, we're back,00:00:47
everyone is okay, listen to00:00:50
see if they see the fates of history,00:00:52
we're back00:01:01
there, there are all the crystals on the00:01:04
platform and also on Facebook is00:01:07
going to ask you that when you comment,00:01:09
you comment on the topic we are talking about, you00:01:11
are not commenting on other ideas00:01:14
that do not come to the preparation because00:01:17
when you eat, the more you comment, you00:01:20
would not want to, so the platform00:01:22
must also be a little excellent, so00:01:25
they come to do I don't know the speed of the00:01:28
internet not everything is please now00:01:30
then you have to comment on comment what is00:01:32
appropriate let's00:01:36
see00:01:38
now we're back to this gift so00:01:45
I'm going to delete now what for a while that00:01:48
part in humanity we're already flying00:01:50
let's go back We connected guys to see00:01:52
then that it was an inductive method, the00:01:54
method that observes particular cases00:01:56
to formulate a general law of iu that00:01:59
says induction from the particular to the00:02:01
general. They call it the ascending method, the00:02:04
observation, the analytical method, this one00:02:07
proposed by the philosopher Francis Bacon, the00:02:09
work of the new organ that is not the00:02:12
inductive method in economics as it is the00:02:14
inductive method when we see that the price of00:02:17
chicken rises you start not from a00:02:19
particular observation you immediately see that00:02:22
gasoline and among other00:02:24
market goods then inflation occurs00:02:26
so when you see something small00:02:29
and formulas something general or large as you00:02:32
say that is the inductive one it does not stop you in00:02:34
basic terms it is fine00:02:36
now the opposite is the deductive method00:02:38
the deductive method if my student observes00:02:41
it is when he already begins a general law00:02:43
and applies it towards a case in particular,00:02:46
that is, the deductive method no longer goes00:02:49
from the particular to the general but from the00:02:51
general to the particular, no segment of00:02:54
a type already goes from the general to the00:02:56
particular and remember that they call this method00:02:59
the synthetic method since They don't00:03:03
call it analytical, I already did it in00:03:06
synthesis. Some also call it00:03:08
the verification method.00:03:11
Some call it the non-00:03:15
descending method in economics because they call it00:03:18
descending.00:03:23
As00:03:26
it suffices to say, it is called descending00:03:29
because the law that is abstract applies it00:03:33
to concrete reality, that is,00:03:36
I can not only say deductive, it is from the00:03:38
general to the particular but from the00:03:40
abstract to concrete facts,00:03:43
that could also be the00:03:47
deductive, no. from the abstract to the00:03:49
concrete from the general to the particular00:03:51
there it is no and whoever proposed proceeds if00:03:54
the inductive was a beacon that he told me00:03:56
to remind me with a vague combo with00:03:58
even if it is but the question of remembering00:04:00
remember that the deductive is00:04:03
the father of philosophy modern,00:04:06
the deductive was proposed by the father of00:04:09
modern philosophy or modern philosophy,00:04:12
I have not said economics, they are capacities,00:04:14
Andean myth, modern philosophy, see that they00:04:16
answer us who, what student is00:04:19
prepared, who was made the father of00:04:22
modern philosophy, let's see,00:04:26
it is very good the people are not very well00:04:29
very well00:04:31
very well miss lis machaca even00:04:34
her work already gives us the level of fear not00:04:39
very well discards it is clear clearly very00:04:43
well so that it redounds with all those who00:04:45
are commenting the correct thing is there is no it00:04:47
is rene descartes and those who discard00:04:52
father of modern philosophy00:04:56
author of the work speech to the method without00:05:00
this program this is war they have00:05:02
asked a warrior your00:05:05
favorite warrior does not act nicola por chela that00:05:08
is, your daddy has not asked him author of00:05:11
the work speech to the method He said René00:05:13
Descartes I don't know if a warrior answers00:05:17
or a student who asks him and they don't answer00:05:19
would be a problem pressure00:05:21
but speech to the René Descartes method00:05:24
also provides although in ancient times00:05:28
also of the deductive field he00:05:30
had already mentioned it to00:05:32
Aristotle nothing but now We see he00:05:34
credited it to he already ruled it out but I tried in00:05:37
economics how deductive is when you00:05:40
start a general law and a00:05:43
particular case of fact is applied from the general to00:05:45
the particular deductive I didn't try but00:05:49
what was the memory that he had always00:05:52
taught me to always remind me I didn't know00:05:55
I had said how it goes from the particular to00:05:57
the general. You are going to apply this title to the00:06:00
famous page. We are00:06:02
not going to offend your sensitivity but it00:06:06
will help you a lot to remember page00:06:10
heh heh heh00:06:14
page because I went from particular to00:06:18
general page inductive page inductive00:06:24
page observe page observation cno00:06:30
page when like this on the page a 100 page00:06:34
like this below doing00:06:37
don't forget about your page ascend another00:06:40
way to remember who became a page00:06:43
like I took care of00:06:46
who became a pass but my00:06:49
taxable dad well what was done a page00:06:51
Francis Bacon who would help you you will remember00:06:54
that way you didn't want a page00:06:57
Francis Bay that if he is a page Bay Bay00:06:59
cupbearer I know if he would remember Sidad Mazamorra and a00:07:02
pig and a pig I00:07:04
tried and to remember deductive it is no longer00:07:09
ascending if it is not descending gp jump00:07:14
gp00:07:16
heh00:07:17
heh00:07:19
when it's already crushed from that is to say00:07:22
until so that they know who made boss00:07:27
descartes deductive who is boss from the00:07:30
general to the particular from the abstract to00:07:33
the concrete little thing is that you have to00:07:35
manage in the methods please now00:07:38
please in your house enough practice for00:07:40
hehe dad hehe dad dad ggp induction00:07:44
deduction induction of deduction that's00:07:46
good guys since it's already taught you00:07:49
the methods that usually put more00:07:52
in exam economics teacher what would be00:07:55
the deductive d00:07:57
in economics let's see like this look at the00:07:59
beginnings of something big and you end up in00:08:02
something small that is general or particular00:08:04
something big economic crisis and how you00:08:08
handle it something particular when you already say00:08:10
the economic crisis affected the region00:08:14
of Ayacucho or the economic crisis affected00:08:18
the real kola company because of something00:08:21
general you are carrying it For the00:08:25
particular purpose they are deductive there is no00:08:28
economy so you always have to know how to00:08:31
recognize so guys there are00:08:33
the methods and you come to this side look00:08:35
where we are going to summarize the much better00:08:37
not because the methods of economics you00:08:39
decide are inductive deductive00:08:43
statistical mathematical dialectical not the00:08:49
methods each method00:08:52
has someone who has developed it has00:08:55
someone who has done it for example the00:08:59
inductive method day after day you told me00:09:01
what00:09:03
francis del coco has done00:09:05
for each subject the deductive rene00:09:09
descartes00:09:14
of the others statistician is going to be00:09:17
william p ping00:09:19
the one who tells me william shakespeare there does00:09:21
exorcise you mathematical method augustine is going to00:09:24
follow it00:09:27
is not austin but augustine turns of the00:09:31
mathematician and citizen art of each00:09:33
method and of the dialectic is going to be this00:09:35
important philosopher fredericks blood00:09:39
winner you00:09:42
have people I am giving the father of00:09:45
Dialectics are rich or not, they process good00:09:49
data, even though in economics you only00:09:53
have to know some things, but hey,00:09:55
maybe some contributions, fathers of00:09:57
dialectics, Hegel, I didn't play yesterday,00:10:00
but guys, like that, each method has00:10:03
no, in your house, I practiced sayings in the afternoon,00:10:06
review them. If you are not going to fall into a bad level, non-00:10:08
dialectical, pre-right, Hegel, mathematician,00:10:12
Augustine, as a statistician, William Petty,00:10:14
deductive, René Descartes, inductive, bacon,00:10:17
bacon, no practice, now, from the high teacher,00:10:20
that mom,00:10:22
the inductive method is already good, we00:10:24
have already done it,00:10:26
it would be a matter of leaving00:10:29
the summary too much so that the00:10:32
student has already understood easily the00:10:35
inductive teacher is when we observe00:10:38
particular cases00:10:41
to take it to general laws that's it, it00:10:48
's not what we understood from the concrete to the00:10:51
abstract now let's go to the00:10:54
deductive touch instead the deductive teacher00:10:56
high mom there's00:11:01
the deductive also tells you00:11:04
the method that begins by taking a general law00:11:09
to apply it to a particular case,00:11:14
also particular cases, that's why they say00:11:18
that deductive ones are those that go from the00:11:20
abstract to the concrete, but also00:11:22
if you want you can put it so that it00:11:25
always you practice particular concrete facts00:11:31
abstract general laws that is to say that00:11:35
inductive also goes from the concrete to the00:11:37
abstract now it is deductive of a general law it00:11:39
ends in the particular that is to say 'that of00:11:43
the abstract00:11:46
is applied to the concrete there are no taxis you00:11:49
have to study rich teachers or00:11:52
rather inductive the famous paz00:11:57
a rich page paz not on the other hand he00:12:00
deductive the famous00:12:02
studies is those little things you take it00:12:05
statistical I tried the statistical method00:12:09
the economic field is also important00:12:12
because we collect data facts00:12:14
phenomena not economic information00:12:17
through ipsos surveys00:12:20
then remember that when the00:12:22
statistical method proposed william00:12:24
petty comes his work effective political arithmetic00:12:27
by guano afternoons datitos author of the00:12:31
work arithmetic00:12:34
political arithmetic00:12:38
william betinho teaches us00:12:42
about the study of diagrams00:12:47
numerical scales00:12:50
almost put schools00:12:53
numerical scales00:12:57
having economic phenomena at hand00:12:59
through pending models00:13:05
in the field of economics, for example,00:13:07
look if I put here00:13:09
xd the value of exports and here00:13:11
in 2020 in the month of January February00:13:15
March in January exports00:13:18
reached 25 percent in February00:13:22
18% in March only 10% of avocados00:13:26
then you realize that00:13:29
statistics is also important00:13:31
through diagrams or numerical scales00:13:33
not giving economic data giving00:13:36
economic information not statistics you00:13:39
also have fundamental other graphs00:13:41
for example here we have a00:13:43
supply line no in which we see that if the00:13:46
price increases then the quantity00:13:48
offered for the market00:13:50
will also increase, that is, look at how through00:13:53
numerical scales pending graphs00:13:55
we can also give economic studies,00:13:58
statistics are also important and00:14:00
scale graphs, let's go00:14:03
mathematical method, what Augustine proposed courses, a00:14:06
big cloud, the curve model, for example,00:14:08
but for kids,00:14:11
remember that mathematics gives you the00:14:14
logic and accuracy of economics.00:14:16
Obviously, in something it is not going to do anything, it is00:14:18
not going to be so exact, but at least it00:14:20
comes close to it and to That is what00:14:25
the famous equations are used for, the algebra of economics,00:14:28
as many say, not the algebra for00:14:31
administration, the algebra of00:14:33
economics, there are many who are00:14:35
specialists in it, for example, since it00:14:39
provides economic activity, it can00:14:41
also be used in the mathematical field.00:14:43
The value of income00:14:46
is consumption plus savings, there is transit, that00:14:49
is, you are telling me, you are00:14:52
telling me that income allows me to00:14:54
consume, income allows me to save00:14:56
from your shoulders, it is something basic, all00:14:59
income allows us to consume, all00:15:02
income allows us to save but also00:15:05
If they tell me, calculate the savings,00:15:07
the savings is the value of the income00:15:09
minus the consumption, that's why they say no, what is00:15:12
savings is the income minus what is consumed,00:15:15
look at how with variables there00:15:18
we can understand or functions, for00:15:21
example, the function of a production, the00:15:23
function. of a quantity of production00:15:27
tends to be represented by the use00:15:30
of the land, the labor, the capital, the00:15:33
production technique, then there is a00:15:36
dependent variable among others that is00:15:38
independent, not everything is00:15:40
mathematics, it is also applied to the00:15:42
economic field to try to reach a00:15:46
accuracy or a logic of the00:15:48
events is fine so00:15:50
guys we must not forget that part00:15:53
of the mathematical method even when00:15:56
statistics is combined with mathematics, they00:15:59
call that econometrics00:16:03
econometrics00:16:07
the engineering of economics between a00:16:10
t 1000 course at the university It's scary,00:16:13
they try to pass but it's scary, professor,00:16:17
to be people, but if you can, it's done,00:16:19
since econometrics is the study of00:16:21
mathematical statistics and economics, the00:16:23
union of those two, not now, many00:16:26
dialectical things, there's the philosophical part00:16:28
and it's late, well, you They say that to be a00:16:30
good economist, not only do you have to extract00:16:33
mathematics, you also have to base yourself00:16:36
on the reality of history, not the00:16:38
history of man, as well as being web00:16:40
philosophies, and precisely in the00:16:44
philosophical part comes the dialectical method,00:16:46
this method from here, you know that the00:16:50
dialectical method also known as00:16:52
the method of contradictions ayayay00:16:55
rica question question look00:16:58
for what method they call it the method of00:17:01
contradictions some who are00:17:03
lost inductive framework I believe deductive00:17:05
I believe brands dialectical00:17:08
because in the dialectical method00:17:11
the struggle of social classes is taken as the main theme00:17:18
antagonism is said by many people who hear00:17:22
that term the antagonism of laws00:17:27
and remember that the dialectical method00:17:31
means no one, nothing is static, everything00:17:34
is in constant transformation,00:17:36
matter is transformed,00:17:40
so everything is in constant evolution00:17:43
and this philosopher Hegel, who is the father00:17:46
of dialectics As I was telling you,00:17:51
he made a sentence, I don't know, I don't intend to make him00:17:54
scared, I don't know how they will be there in their00:17:56
homes, some young people who maybe00:17:58
are just in primary school and want to go to00:18:00
the academy, will know, scared00:18:03
or because at school they don't carry pesos,00:18:05
topics, especially zero economics. the00:18:07
left and there is the difficulty, for00:18:10
example00:18:13
in the to more or less point out the00:18:15
dialectic and it is true that00:18:17
one cannot bathe in the river twice00:18:24
in the same river twice like Petro who00:18:27
will not be able to00:18:28
bathe me several times but00:18:30
one cannot You can bathe in the same river00:18:33
twice and hundreds of times, why00:18:36
the river is constantly moving forward,00:18:40
if you bathe in one go you are00:18:43
no longer going to bathe with the same water and00:18:45
it is another, that00:18:47
is, everything is constantly changing, that00:18:49
is. with the gel it is not there to make it00:18:51
understood that within 100 within00:18:54
this down, no matter how much I put it on the00:18:55
table and it is static within it and00:18:57
matter is not there,00:18:59
if it is static and without rhythm, well00:19:04
then Hegel's philosophy jana00:19:07
dialectic He is going to00:19:10
soak up the ideas of his students Carlos00:19:14
Marx00:19:17
and Federico Kauffmann Doig00:19:20
today speaks well how are you in history00:19:23
what the hell is not Federico when you hear00:19:25
Federico Engels Carlos Marx and Engels the00:19:29
socialists it means that the00:19:31
dialectical method more than anything goes to00:19:34
socialist philosophy but more than anything00:19:38
it goes to the philosophy of socialism in00:19:41
the case of00:19:44
Hegelian philosophy00:19:47
the dialectical method is socialist and00:19:49
direct a dialectical method is00:19:51
socialist the dialectical method of is00:19:53
socialist00:19:55
and socialism does not talk about economics with00:19:58
is I'll give you everything if it does not talk about00:20:01
political economy00:20:04
and with this we finish this part the00:20:07
dialectical method00:20:10
is not of the economy00:20:13
but of the political economy00:20:18
socialism do you remember the previous class00:20:20
of digestion or of course economics is not the00:20:22
same political economy as00:20:25
political economy more that nothing takes00:20:27
the approach of socialism00:20:29
social class struggle not00:20:31
historical materialism dialectical materialism and00:20:33
remember very well that the only method00:20:36
that is not of economics but of00:20:38
political economy is the00:20:42
dialectical method and take the triad not the triad00:20:46
remember yourself with I am already giving everything00:20:48
since the dialectical method called00:20:51
contradictions class struggle00:20:53
antagonism philosophical materialism we00:20:58
talk about the triad what is the deep triad00:21:02
thesis00:21:05
admits sis synthesis00:21:11
thesis the affirmation of something00:21:14
antithesis the negation without being a00:21:18
result the law of negation of denial,00:21:23
if these things are touched on in socialism,00:21:26
materialism, but well, I don't want to00:21:28
scare you, but guys, why am I00:21:30
giving you that information because they are going to tell you in00:21:32
which method of economics the triad is found?00:21:36
When it says triad, it refers to thesis,00:21:39
antithesis, synthesis00:21:42
and markas dialectic as the teacher00:21:45
taught me smart boy inductive page00:21:48
page inductive page page deductive g00:21:50
page for statistical graphic scales00:21:52
mathematician ipad no the performances the00:21:55
dialectic the materialist philosophy part00:21:57
well don't worry about all that00:22:00
in economics too be it but let's remember00:22:02
that the dialectic is not of the economy00:22:04
but of the socialist political economy, do00:22:07
not forget that rather we come to00:22:10
this part00:22:13
ah, now provide the mathematical method, please,00:22:16
guys,00:22:19
the mathematical method was proposed by00:22:21
Agustín Curno00:22:22
Corot, he is a neoclassical00:22:25
and if we are going to give him the contribution00:22:30
of The classical means of economics,00:22:31
precisely the mathematics00:22:34
from the neoclassical ones, contributes a lot to00:22:37
the equilibrium of the market,00:22:39
supply equations, demand equations,00:22:42
not the Córdoba model in the monopoly,00:22:45
the model of carrying, the Beltrán model,00:22:47
that is, the theory of nash the00:22:51
mathematical human balance was born,00:22:54
that is, always say more00:22:56
mathematical method is also fundamental to00:22:58
teach economic activities00:23:01
to approach the accuracy to the00:23:05
logic of economic activities, that is why00:23:09
there is also a mathematical method00:23:11
through equations or through the00:23:13
algebra of the economics to get closer00:23:16
to understanding economic life has been00:23:19
proposed by Augustine turn remember00:23:23
that it is the neoclassical and we always00:23:25
say the neoclassicals gave the00:23:26
mathematical character to the economy not the00:23:29
austrians00:23:30
austria also the es cones the estes00:23:34
lausanne in switzerland also also the in00:23:38
the cambridge england school of00:23:40
opportunity then the00:23:42
mathematical method that is the equations of00:23:44
economics00:23:46
or mathematics for administration that00:23:48
is it also goes as a method now so00:23:51
guys there are the methods rather let's00:23:54
go to the division00:24:00
[Music]00:24:04
the problem of Economic growth00:24:07
is not in money,00:24:09
if that were the case, there is poverty in a country00:24:14
since the government gives them money and00:24:16
poverty is over,00:24:17
so the question is why doesn't the00:24:21
government create money and so we give to00:24:23
the poor and to all of us? There is no poverty00:24:26
in any country but imagine that the00:24:28
richest country that can be in00:24:30
Saudi Arabia in Luxembourg Qatar, not them, for00:24:34
example, despite being billionaires, they00:24:36
also have levels of poverty,00:24:39
and when you create too much00:24:41
money, it is not the solution, Madryn, you00:24:43
smell it. poorer than it was because00:24:45
you wake up to inflation,00:24:47
the increase in prices,00:24:50
that is, an economy is not determined by00:24:53
the money it creates, it is determined by the00:24:55
level of what it produces00:24:57
because when you create more money and you00:25:00
have not produced anything, then the things00:25:01
are going to cost more if they are implemented,00:25:04
that is why it cannot be said that00:25:06
economic growth, development is00:25:08
with money, it is not so much like that, but00:25:11
growth was with the level of00:25:13
production, that is why there is a pp and the00:25:16
gross domestic product and each00:25:18
country Measure your productive growth00:25:20
through SPB,00:25:21
so guys, what I00:25:25
can tell you regarding this topic is00:25:27
that the PP and the production of those are00:25:30
within the study of macroeconomics, not00:25:31
inflation money, we are already on00:25:34
this topic for guys, no. I know why you have00:25:36
asked that, they want to give money00:25:38
to the poor, how is that, I00:25:43
already tried, the last part is coming, what00:25:46
is the division of idea, and with this we00:25:49
say goodbye, guys, the division of00:25:52
economics as sciences,00:25:58
here if we are going to00:26:01
this one to get out the width in terms of00:26:05
more00:26:08
of you but your words if you00:26:11
tell your dad even bro causes00:26:13
injury the other day a papal students of00:26:16
peace or causal causes you already got lost00:26:19
release ma00:26:21
your tip that your tip00:26:26
division of the economy the economy is00:26:29
divides it into two, stop it, no more positive economics00:26:38
and normative economics,00:26:48
there is already, the economy is divided into two00:26:51
positive and normative ones, let's understand00:26:53
in turn the positive one says dividends for a00:26:56
little while guys00:26:59
positive economics is divided into two00:27:01
descriptive economics00:27:05
and economic theory no00:27:09
and economic theory00:27:13
[Music]00:27:15
if at home practicing00:27:20
descriptive economics and economic theory are born00:27:22
from the positive of the positive remember and00:27:25
in turn the post and the theory better done00:27:27
by thinking about the positive I think that00:27:30
economic theory is classifies00:27:33
microeconomic theory into two, it's very rich,00:27:38
this context is perfect00:27:40
and macroeconomic theory, just like that,00:27:46
macroeconomic theory is00:27:50
already there, for example, it came in the00:27:54
admission exam, the last one00:27:57
the student says, teacher, is what you are00:27:59
teaching well in the exam and sometimes he does00:28:03
n't help me. Guys, these are your exam questions.00:28:08
Economic theory is classified into two00:28:12
microeconomics. Macroeconomics and that00:28:15
was asked in this last00:28:17
admission exam. Some had marked00:28:20
positive descriptives of those who do not00:28:22
normally attend, thus marking the00:28:25
change. Economic theory is classified into00:28:27
two. Microeconomics. Macroeconomics.00:28:30
normal touch00:28:32
and normative economics, look, it's00:28:35
here, it uses a branch00:28:39
of that, don't forget, and it's called00:28:42
economic policy, and what a coincidence it happened in the00:28:45
class. Previously, you had told me00:28:46
about that term, economic policy, and00:28:50
if I don't forget, it was an idea from Queiles.00:28:53
not who is who is the father of00:28:54
macroeconomics author of the work00:28:57
general theory of the use of interest and00:28:59
money I hope it reminds you that I had already mentioned it to you00:29:00
and that it was that00:29:03
Keynes said that economic policy was the00:29:05
intervention of a state in times of00:29:07
crisis, not when there is a crisis, the state is00:29:10
a good businessman who can reactivate by00:29:12
investing and creating spending theories of00:29:15
came is less, for three days, be attentive, you are00:29:17
going to eat it by hand, let's see, there is00:29:20
the whole division, all the branches of00:29:23
economic science, not you in your little house00:29:26
but the economy is classified into two00:29:29
positive and normative the division by00:29:32
sting of take away division of the00:29:34
normative positive economy the positive in turn00:29:37
into two descriptive theory the theory in00:29:39
turn into two micro economics macroeconomics00:29:42
not00:29:43
also00:29:45
and proper00:29:47
who00:29:49
did for the first time the classification00:29:52
between positive and normative economics00:29:56
to see who is going to answer us and so there is00:29:58
a student out there who is or for the00:30:01
first time the classification is not or the00:30:03
division of the economy between positive and00:30:05
normative who is the first let's see00:30:08
What do they tell us as kids who who00:30:11
made the division between positive00:30:14
and normative economics for the first time00:30:17
who divided the economy between positive00:30:20
and normative let's see00:30:23
what it says it doesn't work it doesn't and00:30:28
it's very good there are some students who00:30:32
if not those who are prepared 40 years 5000:30:35
years already00:30:39
weak odilón evil00:30:43
kane is the father of john maynard keynes00:30:46
being more exact not the father john00:30:49
maynard keynes of him is his role00:30:52
neville sir neville sesione bills00:30:57
onetti is some say it00:31:01
but he is the one who remembers it explained it00:31:03
for the first time in positive and00:31:05
normative economy and remember that the famous for00:31:09
we are going to come the sensitivity but this is how00:31:11
they are going to learn00:31:12
the famous porn00:31:16
the famous porn porn porn porn porn teacher00:31:20
behind the scenes there is a student of the00:31:22
first act equal positive normative00:31:25
whoever says already positive normative00:31:29
because already The word has already entered your mind00:31:31
and you can no longer do anything, it is00:31:34
like the sars virus, cooking 3, but it has already00:31:36
entered your mind, even the economy is00:31:39
divided in two, which was porn, it is already00:31:41
positive and normative in a virus that00:31:43
attacked to the brain, even having00:31:47
the division of positive economics and00:31:49
porn regulations, you can go on the00:31:52
internet to find out, please00:31:53
find out and barbot from ww ono.com and there will00:31:59
appear all the videos,00:32:02
not photographic yet, but who made00:32:06
one for the first time question,00:32:12
how do you qualify me well to those who00:32:15
for jone bis are you going to say me neville is00:32:18
the one who classified00:32:19
positive and normative economics for the first time not the one who00:32:22
made porn00:32:23
jon eddings00:32:28
saya greg speak well00:32:36
very well very well00:32:40
to vilte that is logical it00:32:43
is not that there were kids and I don't have to00:32:45
apply ethical measures so that they00:32:47
also remember that when they come for00:32:49
the exam they are forgetting how it was because of00:32:52
this same technical design so that00:32:54
they remember I already took care of the city that I told myself00:32:58
nothing was that they are being then who00:33:01
did it for not taking care that they tell me00:33:07
like a prophet to be stable mexica I00:33:11
already tried there is the division now00:33:14
guys look here another memory we go down to the fact00:33:17
that they did have an admission exam and00:33:20
I remember the kids who already00:33:22
entered no I gave them this this00:33:24
term look00:33:27
mommy00:33:29
mommy00:33:31
I want your t00:33:34
nothing more simplified I jump that the more I00:33:38
love me t00:33:40
and that makes me remember that00:33:42
macroeconomics and microeconomics arise00:33:44
from economic theory00:33:47
in the admission exam ask udeso00:33:50
and students of the memory with the more I love me I00:33:52
had the and mommy came I don't00:33:57
and I'm not lying to you, the one in the00:33:59
engineering area is carried out, I hope it came necessary,00:34:02
economic theory is classified in00:34:05
microeconomics microeconomics, mommy, I want00:34:07
you, mommy, give me you, give me, mommy, I killed00:34:12
a lot of the motorcycle, I killed myself,00:34:15
mommy, I want your macroeconomies00:34:19
arises from the theory as mommy I want to00:34:23
give you my mommy I mate00:34:27
it's not mom just in case it's my mate00:34:31
micro theoretical macro no and so rich memo00:34:35
guided techniques have made you remember00:34:37
not everything that corresponds to the branches00:34:40
rather let's attack the open to the branches00:34:43
above and here00:34:46
let's attack the branch above00:34:49
positive economics and normative economics now let's move on to00:34:54
the first positive one guys let's get to the00:34:57
point00:34:58
the function of the branch of00:35:00
positive economics is to inform describe the00:35:03
economic reality not describe the00:35:05
economic facts by For example, say00:35:08
gas is going up, companies, no, gas00:35:09
has gone up in price, it is already informing you of00:35:12
reality,00:35:13
that is positive economics, the branch whose00:35:18
function is to describe, inform the00:35:22
economic reality that is happening, that is why00:35:25
some call it the branch that00:35:27
describes what is informal or What is00:35:32
happening in economic life and00:35:36
what it does not do What the00:35:38
positive does not do is give00:35:40
opinions give points of view make00:35:42
value judgments that is what the00:35:44
regulations do not do it does not give ideas it does not give an opinion it does not give a00:35:47
point of view it only describes what is00:35:49
going on, that is what one says, this branch00:35:52
called positive economics is based on two00:35:55
things, describing the00:35:57
economic phenomena that are happening, that00:36:00
word describes economic phenomena00:36:06
and describes the economic phenomena00:36:10
that are happening, that are taking place, it00:36:14
also describes the economic reality,00:36:19
describes the reality of the economy, that00:36:22
is, what is happening, what is00:36:24
happening, what is happening, for00:36:27
example, when when we say no,00:36:32
yesterday there was a strike for00:36:35
blended classes in the academies, that is00:36:38
positive economics because it is00:36:40
informing you reality is00:36:42
informing you of the facts it is not giving you00:36:45
a point of view as many have not00:36:46
said the academies must reduce their00:36:50
costs it is a point of view00:36:52
that is a point that comes to us within00:36:55
the positive economy because the00:36:57
positive economy has no opinion at all point of view00:37:00
not of value judgments it only describes what00:37:03
is happening and reports the00:37:06
real economic facts so always the00:37:09
economy for a little while00:37:13
let's fight00:37:18
there is a lot of emotion00:37:21
hello hello00:37:24
now the positive economy is the one that00:37:28
always provides the cause and the effect they are00:37:32
going to ask you which branch of00:37:34
positive economics provides cause and effect and00:37:37
describes the phenomena positive economy00:37:40
and how positive economics informs00:37:43
reality then they say that it has the00:37:46
character of being objective but of course with00:37:50
much more reason because if it informs you of the00:37:52
real facts it is objective it is objective It already00:37:57
provides and when it gives me cause and effect00:38:00
of the facts it would more or less be00:38:03
eliminated if families00:38:06
increase the income they have what00:38:09
is the effect of that cause the more income00:38:12
then the families also00:38:14
increase their consumption00:38:17
a cause relationship is combined -effect,00:38:21
the more income, the more consumption, or00:38:25
high consumption, that describes reality, it is like00:38:28
saying if the price of a good rises, the00:38:30
quantity of its demand will be lower, or it is00:38:34
always the effect of the network of the cause00:38:36
that it provides,00:38:38
let's go to efe and bitter positive economy,00:38:42
so what makes positive economics00:38:45
almost everything00:38:48
is that it describes what it is, it00:38:54
informs what the economic activity is,00:38:57
what is happening, it not only00:39:00
describes what it is, it00:39:02
also describes the facts, what has already been,00:39:09
and they do not only write what has already been. or00:39:12
what is but also what will be what00:39:17
will be that are positive economy and00:39:22
to dad what is what already was what00:39:25
will be there to the teacher what is what I00:39:29
had explained to you the price of gas went up00:39:31
whatever it is series what was already00:39:35
the hyperinflation of Peru in 1987 came00:39:40
to devalue the inti so I am00:39:43
informing you of a fact but real breeds its00:39:45
thirst illusion you realize that this is also00:39:48
positive economics information of events00:39:50
that have already happened also but as an00:39:53
economic fact in reality and proceed00:39:57
to see what will be news, not the00:39:59
economy, the economies of Europe between00:40:02
Spain, Portugal and France will not be in00:40:05
recession because of the virus, then I00:40:10
was informing you what is going to be, you00:40:12
realize but they are facts, it is00:40:15
reality00:40:17
if the virus appears today so in00:40:19
fact we were going to be locked up in 40,00:40:21
it is going to cause the companies' economies to00:40:23
go down, that is, look,00:40:25
they describe events that are going to be based00:40:28
on the cause of today, the effect of what that is00:40:31
going to do, you00:40:33
realize account in before they ask me the00:40:36
money then the cause if I create more00:40:38
money the effect of that is that the00:40:39
prices are going to rise so if in00:40:41
these months I print more money then00:40:44
a good time is over we are going to see that00:40:46
the prices are going to inflate no You00:40:48
always look at economists, they also00:40:50
describe facts, but what you're going to be00:40:52
aware of when you say the economy will grow,00:40:56
poverty will be reduced,00:41:00
these are facts that are going to happen, but00:41:02
always when I give the cause for00:41:04
that effect, that's why they00:41:06
call it00:41:08
positive economics. teacher some examples of00:41:11
positive economics to copy and maybe00:41:14
one day he wants to really study and from00:41:16
there he is not going to pay me, for example00:41:21
the increase00:41:27
in the price of gas,00:41:31
something that is happening today00:41:33
is not positive economics,00:41:35
another00:41:37
the withdrawal of00:41:41
funds,00:41:44
the withdrawal of00:41:48
oem funds of up to 4,300 soles00:41:55
is a fact, it is something of positive economics00:41:59
because we are talking about what is00:42:01
happening or is going to happen00:42:04
too, so guys, there is the00:42:08
reality, I feel the exam that is coming, what00:42:10
does positive economics inform00:42:12
describe the reality of write what is00:42:14
happening and always provide00:42:16
the cause and effect I will not forget00:42:19
that positive economics please00:42:21
always report facts about what00:42:25
the economy is what already was or what is going to00:42:28
be but real facts00:42:31
that does describe the economic reality00:42:34
on the other hand the other branch you come to this00:42:36
side00:42:39
is called normative economics00:42:42
very good it is very good now it is called00:42:46
normative economics00:42:50
and normative economics I explain to you is00:42:53
a branch that does not inform Facts do not00:42:55
describe reality since the work of this00:42:58
branch is to provide a point of view to what is00:43:01
known as issuing a00:43:03
value judgment, a critical point of view, not an00:43:06
ethical point of view, a point of view00:43:08
that will seek an opinion and social00:43:11
in the political and economic,00:43:15
for example saying we must fight against00:43:18
poverty00:43:19
obviously when it says we must fight00:43:22
against poverty is not the same as00:43:24
saying we fought against poverty00:43:28
because if we fought against poverty that00:43:30
is, I was describing you in reality00:43:32
we fought but we must fight it is only00:43:36
advice an opinion an idea00:43:40
a prompt solution but only as a00:43:42
point of view we must should that00:43:45
indicates that normative economics does not00:43:47
describe what is if it does not give points of00:43:49
view of how it should be as it should be00:43:53
such as to advise to00:43:57
economic activities we should we should not what00:44:00
should be00:44:01
so you are going to put here what00:44:03
normative economics does, that is, the00:44:08
Kevin branch gives points of view,00:44:12
the branch that issues opinions,00:44:16
the branch that advises,00:44:21
not the branch that provides ethical judgments, not00:44:26
ethics.00:44:30
So remember guys that I'll add00:44:38
this little bit about who is00:44:41
Izmir, please go increase it because00:44:44
just like for high diabetes00:44:51
also thank you very good thank you always00:44:53
a drink no00:44:56
today we have to take care of diabetes00:44:59
it is killing people diabetes00:45:03
improved like this cause-effect better00:45:06
before having effects we have to lower it00:45:12
blue00:45:14
and that we have increased nothing does not lower00:45:17
[Music]00:45:26
come on I00:45:35
know about a thousand00:45:38
normal we continue to return and those who00:45:41
were there already00:45:42
contain economy well do not forget cause00:45:44
effect describe the real economic00:45:47
describe the economic phenomena00:45:49
as they are also informs facts about what has00:45:52
already been, that is, what has already been, what00:45:54
is, and also what will be,00:45:56
many students of this branch know more than anything,00:45:59
not positive economics,00:46:01
which describes what is, what is. With that,00:46:03
robots do not appear to me to show positive of a00:46:05
week taught what is what is but00:46:08
sometimes you have to break that is that me if00:46:10
not only what is also what has already00:46:12
been and also facts that are going to be but00:46:15
real real00:46:20
and not They are points of view, they are not00:46:22
ethical opinions, they are not true facts, they are true facts, we are00:46:26
heading in00:46:29
regulations and sales of the area00:46:33
and the regulations and I already told you that it is the00:46:35
part of the ethical economy, in other words, it is00:46:38
going to give you points of view on how It should00:46:41
be the way it should work when you say00:46:44
we shouldn't study 10 hours a day it's00:46:49
a point of view maybe they don't like it00:46:51
no I only want 5 hours00:46:53
points of view are always points00:46:56
of debate because for one it may be00:46:58
correct for others it may not be maybe be00:47:00
correct then there is a debate of ideas00:47:02
in this branch and everyone offers their00:47:05
opinion giving a solution of how it should be as it00:47:08
should be and00:47:09
then that is why the regulations are put here00:47:11
and advises gives points of view00:47:14
gives opinions ethics the social00:47:16
economic opinions but when you00:47:19
express points of view in economics like this00:47:21
that is called issuing value judgments,00:47:25
that's why they are going to ask you which branch00:47:27
of economics issues00:47:30
value judgments brands normative economy and when00:47:35
all ideas give opinions and how do00:47:38
you advise how That must be why they say00:47:41
that this branch is not objective but00:47:44
subjective, hence what the framework exam is going to tell you is00:47:46
true and false,00:47:49
normative economics is subjective00:47:51
but you are going to mark already provel and we must not00:47:55
forget that normative economics when00:47:59
advising advises what should be what00:48:06
should be00:48:12
normative00:48:14
what should be is00:48:34
also not00:48:43
good the boys already very good very00:48:45
good boys and to all the people who are00:48:47
there in their homes watching us from their bed00:48:50
from their sofa or from their box00:48:53
remember that00:48:55
everything what we are developing they have00:48:57
to review if it is not going to be left in nothing00:48:59
author this given name even00:49:02
some its orbits I hope you remember00:49:04
and right now we are already dividing the00:49:06
economy into positive and normative and the00:49:09
regulations say if it gives us00:49:11
value judgments no ethical opinions provide a solution00:49:14
but as ideas, they are not facts,00:49:17
that is, if someone realizes00:49:19
that the regulations are not reality, it is only00:49:22
a point of view, a value judgment,00:49:25
however, positive economics if it is fact,00:49:28
not if it is reality because it is00:49:31
Describing what is happening00:49:32
in the economy is00:49:35
both valid because one teaches you what is00:49:38
happening while the other helps you give00:49:40
opinions and provide solutions on how it should00:49:43
work because there are students who do00:49:46
not agree when taxes rise,00:49:49
but others They say yes, okay, for00:49:52
example,00:49:54
taxes went up on Monday, very good,00:49:59
there is a bigger budget to build00:50:01
roads, schools, hospitals, but there are00:50:05
people who also give their opinion and say no, because00:50:07
of course the budget is better, but the00:50:10
corrupt government appropriates its00:50:12
funds and the resolution is not achieved. efficiency that00:50:15
the increase in the tax owes, you00:50:17
realize that is, there we see that00:50:19
describing reality is different from00:50:21
giving an opinion and the regulations allow us00:50:24
to provide those value judgments, what00:50:26
should be or how it should be is not the00:50:29
proven one, some examples of regulations are00:50:31
almost Every time, one day you don't00:50:35
really want to study and you can00:50:36
review your classes first, then look at00:50:39
the regulations, an example, we must00:50:45
improve00:50:48
the quality of our exports, for00:50:51
example,00:50:54
we must improve the quality of our00:50:58
exports, it is advice that is not00:51:01
obvious, but it is a country.00:51:03
No, it exports raw materials and there is little00:51:06
export of value-added goods,00:51:08
so in that part they have always00:51:10
given us a point of view, Peru should00:51:12
improve its exports, no, and sell00:51:15
better quality goods to the world to00:51:19
attract foreign exchange, but well, these are00:51:22
tips. They are points of view, it is another00:51:24
somewhat basic advice and that for00:51:27
students who are perhaps in00:51:29
first secondary school, no -00:51:32
Kobe promotion,00:51:34
they want to learn quickly, we must save,00:51:37
it is a point of view that we00:51:39
must save a lot of damage, it is advice, no more in the00:51:42
end you save, no. It's just a point of00:51:45
view, as I told you, no, in reality, it00:51:47
's just an idea. Those are the00:51:49
normative economies. We shouldn't save our point of00:51:52
view. So, guys,00:51:54
the difference between positive and00:51:56
normative economics is that the positive one provides00:51:58
cause-effect reality and explains the reality.00:52:01
reality of the economy while the00:52:03
regulations provide a point of view and00:52:05
advice on how it should work so you00:52:08
have to be careful,00:52:10
there was an admission exam in which00:52:12
it came to the sunat and in this way see00:52:16
life00:52:17
the city00:52:19
raised 17 million from an example about00:52:23
17 million soles result of the00:52:26
income tax00:52:29
during these years00:52:31
when he is informing you like this he does00:52:34
nothing he collected 17 million soles00:52:37
results of the income tax00:52:39
so he is describing to you when that00:52:43
came and exam that analysis00:52:45
positive economy normative the answer was00:52:47
positive economy because it is00:52:51
describing the reality it is informing you00:52:54
something else would be when it says no the00:52:58
government must generate00:53:01
budget spending it must generate budget gas00:53:06
to fight against poverty then00:53:10
you realize it must be advice you00:53:12
should always keep in mind00:53:15
that in exams now guys with00:53:17
a positive and normative with love00:53:19
porn porn for now00:53:22
oh00:53:30
the opportunity cost how it influences00:53:33
the division of the economy how is that00:53:37
that is a question excuse me kind of00:53:39
incoherent I think00:53:42
the opportunity cost how it influences00:53:44
the positive economy00:53:47
in normative economics00:53:51
well let's see let's try to answer00:53:54
although I see that it is an00:53:56
incoherent question because it does not come no in00:53:58
relation to the issue cost of opportunities00:54:01
when there is scarcity and we have to choose00:54:03
we have to decide no on the other hand here00:54:08
we are already touching the division of00:54:09
non-positive and normative science then00:54:13
it would be something something related to yes no00:54:17
that if a government00:54:19
decides00:54:21
to build roads spend the00:54:24
budget on works such as schools00:54:28
it would have to sacrifice no to what amounts to00:54:32
purchasing tanks of weapons00:54:35
you realize then There is an00:54:38
opportunity cost, so the normative00:54:41
would also have to go into saying no,00:54:42
but it is in our best interest for the government to00:54:45
buy weapons,00:54:47
what should the state decide00:54:50
to buy weapons or build schools,00:54:51
hospitals, so here comes the00:54:53
normative, my dear friend, no,00:54:56
obviously, yes. The regulations, you say,00:55:00
I want to build schools, hospitals, works,00:55:02
then the opportunity cost forces you00:55:05
to sacrifice buying weapons, for example, tanks, the00:55:08
latest airplane models, because there is00:55:12
an opportunity cost,00:55:14
then / positive and regulations, I00:55:16
repeat, regulations are a point of view,00:55:19
but the positive one is Actually, it's00:55:22
okay,00:55:23
don't forget, it's more or less the opportunity cost ratio,00:55:26
it's the value that I00:55:28
have to give up to obtain something. That's already very00:55:30
clear, so be a00:55:33
little more coherent when I ask00:55:35
why, what the heck, with the support of00:55:37
positive economics? and normative and that's it00:55:40
guys00:55:42
let's go to the positive of culinary00:55:45
is classified into two descriptive economics00:55:50
and economic theory what does00:55:54
descriptive economics do prof00:55:55
describes it is not enough for me to say how00:55:57
any student could point out that what00:55:59
descriptive economics does00:56:01
describe I have00:56:04
already told you If there is no response,00:56:06
you are going to say this branch is in charge of00:56:10
collecting, it is00:56:12
not in charge of systematizing, meeting us, it is00:56:17
in charge of being the source that00:56:22
collects economic data or rather00:56:26
economic information00:56:31
cayenne, branch that stores00:56:34
economic information, branch that stores00:56:37
economic data through surveys, censuses.00:56:41
immense no promotions and remember that00:56:44
this twig is the storehouse of00:56:48
economic information so that you mark00:56:51
descriptive economics in exam say which branch00:56:53
has the function of being the00:56:55
data store which branch has the function of00:56:57
gathering data economic information00:57:00
descriptive economics and in In Peru00:57:03
we have organizations that do that work,00:57:05
the National Institute00:57:09
of Stupid Idiots in the00:57:14
National Institute of Statistics and Informatics, since it00:57:18
also stores00:57:20
economic information, we also have the Alves RT Bank.00:57:24
You don't know it as the00:57:27
Central Reserve Bank of Peru, it is not a00:57:29
bank of spells. From Peru, be careful00:57:31
because we also have the Ministry of00:57:35
Economy and Finance, but it is not the00:57:37
Ministry00:57:43
of Economy and Finance.00:57:55
economics that is00:57:58
descriptive economics and to store00:58:01
economic information too but teacher00:58:05
stops here in store information so00:58:08
that it is provided to the economic theory00:58:11
there it goes from there comes the other branch00:58:17
guys00:58:19
here comes the other branch called00:58:22
economic theory and always double chin you have to me00:58:25
attend to this part to states to00:58:27
complete this branch00:58:29
because it is related to00:58:32
descriptive economics is that this branch is the one that00:58:34
receives the economic information this is00:58:37
the one that collects this is the one that stores00:58:39
but this information is already provided to00:58:41
the theory this is the that receives that00:58:43
systematized information and with that00:58:47
information that begins this branch00:58:49
called economic theory begins to00:58:53
develop00:58:55
pro-financial models. You were talking to me about00:58:57
those words it begins to develop theories it00:59:01
begins to develop laws it begins to00:59:05
develop concepts principles categories00:59:09
and that allowed me not to be the student who00:59:11
was not paying attention obviously he is going to say00:59:14
laws models theories is no longer done00:59:16
before nomad in the theoretical end I explained to you00:59:20
in the theoretical end I explained to you that in00:59:23
this part with the models laws the00:59:26
economists want to analyze00:59:30
and they want to explain00:59:33
they want to predict00:59:38
and I had pointed out that00:59:41
economic theory is a branch whose function will be00:59:44
the elaboration of models laws theories00:59:47
and please analyze in examination what00:59:51
function the theory of economics fulfills00:59:53
what function this branch fulfills develop00:59:56
models formulate laws formulate00:59:58
concepts that it advocated although01:00:00
they provide us the analysis that gives us the01:00:02
explanation01:00:03
so guys remember to be very good01:00:05
listen to listen01:00:09
that in this branch01:00:12
there is a group of economists01:00:17
the scientific economists those who01:00:19
do science you were told01:00:22
those who do science01:00:25
investigate and since they have already done 100 they01:00:28
have They have investigated and made models, that is,01:00:30
this branch01:00:33
is what makes economics a01:00:35
science and makes it move,01:00:37
and I have always taught in this way01:00:40
because I know that this branch is the heart of01:00:44
all science,01:00:46
this is the heart,01:00:49
and if this branch It is the heart that01:00:51
moves the existential activity, it bombards01:00:56
blood to all the branches, not the ones you have01:00:57
seen, it is even fed from the heart01:01:00
of science, its process01:01:03
and because this branch is science01:01:06
because when investigating it is the one that develops01:01:08
models, laws, theories. and that gives a01:01:09
scientific character to the economy and here01:01:12
are smith carlos marx here is came es01:01:15
alfred marshall not here are the01:01:17
great economists who have01:01:19
developed laws and models01:01:22
if those who have done science to the01:01:25
nation's economy01:01:28
have you realized how important it is the01:01:30
theory with01:01:33
and I already checked how I will01:01:36
always remember this heart as you gave01:01:37
this one that makes science the one that01:01:39
analyzes the one that explains through01:01:40
models do you know how you are going to remember yourself01:01:44
listen to me here are the economists01:01:48
game is Marx01:01:49
Smith marshall stiglitz samuelson01:01:53
ricardo among others01:01:56
and they are from the ptm01:02:00
remember01:02:02
demotechnics no it is not helping much01:02:05
the economists are from the ptm01:02:10
the teacher please my mom is upset01:02:13
because you are talking there is rudeness no it01:02:15
is not rude today when I say ptm I01:02:19
mean that economists01:02:21
develop principles, develop theories,01:02:24
create models,01:02:27
economists are from the PTM,01:02:30
economists are from the PTM, that is, those who01:02:33
create models, laws, and allow us to01:02:35
analyze, allow us to explain01:02:39
economic theory,01:02:41
and I, dad, aita from the theory branch with01:02:45
which he makes it science01:02:47
now rather my friend01:02:51
to chain something trome01:02:55
and whoever uses theories for the country who01:02:58
uses the models for the country let's see who01:03:02
is the one who applies economic models so01:03:04
that the country, not in Peru,01:03:06
economic activities are directed01:03:08
by that model The government, someone01:03:11
responded, that's why01:03:12
this one comes from here, this branch from01:03:15
here, and here we are about to01:03:16
finish a little, finish better, and it's the01:03:20
economic policy,01:03:23
there it is,01:03:24
if anything,01:03:27
here comes the economic policy,01:03:31
and what is politics, and I met the teacher, she01:03:33
didn't. You had said in the previous class the01:03:35
intervention of the state in01:03:37
economic activity the measures that a government01:03:39
applies to get out of crises have been01:03:42
well mentioned yesterday mind games no01:03:45
economic policy come to be the01:03:47
interventions first concept come on01:03:50
guys the intervention of the state01:03:54
in the economy01:04:00
or also the quadrant measures to01:04:03
economic policy and instruments01:04:09
the measures and instruments applied by01:04:12
the government01:04:15
so that to encourage economic activities01:04:20
because the measures or instruments that the01:04:23
government has always chosen so that01:04:24
stability is achieved in the country is01:04:26
growth that It is economic policy, it is01:04:30
like telling you, pay attention01:04:33
if the government wants stability, it wants01:04:36
growth, it has to use models,01:04:38
it has to use theories, it has to01:04:41
use laws, that01:04:43
is, with more reason, we understand that the01:04:46
applier of theories is an01:04:48
economic policy, the applier of the models. of01:04:51
our country is the economic policy01:04:53
that is what they ask in the exam when remembering which01:04:56
branch is the one that applies theory is01:04:59
economic economic policy brands without01:05:01
fear without fear is the applicator just like01:05:05
you skinny Parkinson's applicator of01:05:08
economic policy say if the one who uses01:05:11
the models in the country the one who applies01:05:14
theories in the country the state01:05:17
and remember that when economic policy is applied01:05:20
the state does not apply those months01:05:24
those moments just like that if it does not01:05:29
apply them taking into account objectives01:05:32
taking into account goals01:05:37
for example if I applied a measure01:05:39
we will raise taxes the question is01:05:41
government with what goal or with what objective01:05:46
do you want to make taxes01:05:49
then it can tell you well we want to01:05:51
reactivate consumption and thus generate01:05:54
stability one of the goals01:05:57
will always be the stability of the economy01:06:01
the growth of the economy01:06:04
economic growth the objectives of01:06:07
a state economic growth in the01:06:10
short term for example01:06:15
301:06:17
you can economic development01:06:21
economic development01:06:24
distributive science01:06:28
the distributive efficiency of wealth01:06:32
create employment among other objectives more01:06:35
so I believe that01:06:37
this is being understood part because it is clear01:06:41
if I as a government want to apply an01:06:44
objective of my country that is, I want to achieve01:06:46
a goal that the economy grows then01:06:49
I must take theories I must take01:06:51
economic models and use them apply them that is why it01:06:55
says the branch that applies the theories is01:06:59
economic policy seeking to achieve goals01:07:01
in the country01:07:03
that you must not forget, they are going to ask themselves,01:07:05
then try to understand01:07:08
economic policy, economic theory,01:07:10
all that, but teacher, I'm going to come01:07:14
to this side a little bit to see, I01:07:19
tried myself, they informed me, I01:07:22
'm going to talk to you a little. no more, but01:07:25
so that you have the notion01:07:27
that there are two types of economic policy that are01:07:30
most notable, although there are four, but01:07:32
two, no more than enough for you to01:07:33
take into account the two01:07:36
most powerful instruments to apply them and make01:07:39
the economy reactivate, or01:07:41
monetary policy and Fiscal policy,01:07:46
these two volumes, monetary policy is01:07:50
when the central reserve bank of01:07:53
Peru uses measures to improve01:07:58
growth,01:08:00
when remembering that01:08:04
the BC regulates the amount of money to01:08:08
improve our economic growth, it01:08:10
regulates the interest rates of the financial market, that01:08:15
is, a policy monetary is the01:08:17
one that regulates the country's money01:08:20
and also the interest rates of the01:08:22
financial market whenever I01:08:24
heard monetary the banks who is in01:08:27
charge of those bank rates the01:08:29
central reserve bank01:08:31
on the other hand when I heard fiscal policy01:08:35
month01:08:38
Because fiscal policy refers01:08:41
to managing government spending, the01:08:43
budget, taxes, that is, resources,01:08:46
but they are clearly the state's public sector.01:08:50
How much fiscal policy is it is no longer01:08:52
administered by the central reserve bank01:08:54
but by the ministry of economy and01:08:56
finance, mef? the average is the one who01:08:59
directs the fiscal policy ministry of01:09:02
economy and final01:09:04
pintos and I ask you a question01:09:07
today in economic matters if there is a01:09:10
crisis stagnation in the country the government01:09:13
can use these two policies01:09:16
to be able to reactivate it01:09:19
they are two powerful instruments bcr and srm01:09:25
a president The powerful BCR always has a01:09:28
right hand in the economy and a left hand,01:09:34
with those two it will always move01:09:36
economic activity if it regulates01:09:39
money, the interest rates of the01:09:42
financial market also average01:09:44
public spending, taxes, public debt, that is,01:09:46
with everything. which has to be a state resource01:09:51
and these two BCR types are the01:09:54
most powerful instruments, the most01:09:57
powerful types in economics01:09:59
and at the very least, my student who is01:10:01
studying who is based on the01:10:03
course has to know who the current01:10:05
president of the central reserve bank is. Let's01:10:09
see who answers us if01:10:13
everyone is the current president of the01:10:15
central reserve bank of Peru whose01:10:17
individual whose salary amounts to 42 thousand01:10:21
soles per month is the one who earns even01:10:25
more than the president himself.01:10:27
The sadness here is us working for01:10:30
25 soles 23 6 win 42 thousand soles a01:10:37
month trophic rays and01:10:39
these houses01:10:41
test monetary policy should know01:10:45
who who who who01:10:46
answers us who is the current president01:10:48
of the central reserve bank the most01:10:51
powerful guy in economics is that you are pro01:10:54
president and which vizcarra which of01:10:57
cars the waters whatever months sagasti01:11:00
haussler like that01:11:03
there is very good01:11:05
julio velarde flores but01:11:09
julio velásquez not01:11:11
julio velarde very well so attentive to01:11:14
the people I thought he was01:11:16
dictating to nothing01:11:18
and who is the current01:11:21
president of the ministry of economy and01:11:24
finance or be it of the month it will be a male woman01:11:26
but from what I remember of María01:11:29
Antonieta Luperdi no01:11:31
alba I lost it01:11:35
and now they have changed it is a male not01:11:37
like you like it broth01:11:41
in the afternoon01:11:43
just like you like it like that01:11:45
oh it is clear the president of the01:11:49
ministry of economy and finance01:11:50
Waldo Mendoza has come is that01:11:54
before the admission exam we have01:11:56
talked about him because he has01:11:58
Ayacucho lines but the segre sado also01:12:01
of the a kid where the01:12:03
current minister of economy does not know how to go and final but he01:12:06
is not worrying because these These01:12:09
months I think that the rulers of the01:12:11
economy are missing things or not,01:12:13
so things go up in price, I hope that it01:12:15
is inflation at a moderate pace01:12:18
and that in other months it tends to go down01:12:20
a little, I hope not because if there are no01:12:23
strikes, there will be strikes. manifestations not the things01:12:25
that go up in price web01:12:26
I hope they think there to reactivate us01:12:29
use instruments well not that01:12:31
they seek stability monetary policy01:12:34
bcr fiscally in your in your house plays01:12:37
monetary of being monetary sometimes01:12:39
monetary network bcr fiscally fiscal month already01:12:42
now son you You come to the last part, we have01:12:45
already finished the last part, so01:12:47
we are tired,01:12:49
but not like that, it is a preparation that01:12:52
is not easy, it is not always enough, it is based on01:12:54
sacrifices, more is coming, I love myself, I have it01:12:58
because macro and micro arise from01:13:01
economic theory, well This little heart01:13:03
has two arteries, this01:13:05
little heart has two arteries, be01:13:08
careful that you tell me art, the01:13:11
aorta artery, you are not in anatomy but01:13:14
microeconomics and macroeconomics, mommy,01:13:17
I love you,01:13:19
we'll go with microeconomics and dad,01:13:21
I repeat, it's just known01:13:25
as the theory of prices in your01:13:28
mind brand microeconomics01:13:31
or called the theory of prices the01:13:35
formation of prices remember you01:13:38
micro and let's get to know microeconomics son01:13:40
come on theory of prices01:13:43
microeconomics01:13:46
although nowadays some also give it01:13:49
this name so you have to give me everything01:13:51
because I don't want failing my exam, it is01:13:54
also called01:13:58
the theory of market equilibrium,01:14:02
this is called01:14:04
perfect competition, some01:14:06
call it market equilibrium,01:14:08
perfect competition, and those are the01:14:12
names given to it by the father of01:14:14
microeconomics, Alfred Marshall.01:14:19
I believe that this fact I had already given it to you01:14:21
before, not the father of01:14:23
microeconomics, Alfred Marshall, and it is formed01:14:27
with a doctrine called the01:14:30
neoclassical school, sorry,01:14:32
the neoclassical school in which Marshall01:14:36
is a representative. Don't you feel sorry, with01:14:39
which school does01:14:40
Alfred Marshall's neoclassical microeconomics emerge? His work,01:14:43
principles of economics in 1890 there is01:14:47
microeconomics concept I repeat the most01:14:51
for me mark neither pizza the keyword01:14:55
is the discipline that studies the01:14:58
behavior of units or the01:15:00
individual behavior of agents01:15:03
keyword direct to the jugular p01:15:06
guys01:15:09
better defines microeconomics brands that01:15:13
are find the behavior of01:15:15
economic units or the01:15:17
individual behavior of agents01:15:20
economic units individual behavior01:15:24
teacher but what is one what is what is the01:15:27
behavior of an economic unit01:15:29
the supply the demand look look at the supply01:15:35
the demand01:15:38
the behavior of families in the01:15:40
market for For example, the behavior of01:15:43
consumption units, families, the01:15:46
behavior of production units,01:15:48
companies, so guys, don't forget01:15:52
that in microeconomics we study the01:15:53
behavior of the family, the01:15:56
consumer community, and the behavior of the01:15:59
company as a production unit, but01:16:01
where in the market here01:16:05
in the market that's why01:16:07
they say that microeconomics is01:16:11
studied all this is the house please01:16:12
don't fail me in your exam and dad with01:16:14
logical protocol little eye has already mocked the01:16:17
behavior of a consumer his01:16:19
preference to his taste in the market not01:16:22
the straight of your income budget is01:16:25
always that you say no discipline that01:16:28
studies the behavior of a consumer01:16:29
is already talking about microeconomics to a01:16:32
consumer in the market another theory of the01:16:35
producer01:16:38
one of the benefits of a company the01:16:40
production costs of a company is01:16:42
theory of the producer and theory of the01:16:45
producer we are also going to put here the01:16:49
production costs of a company01:16:52
the production costs of a company01:16:55
the profits the profits obtained01:16:58
in a company those microeconomics01:17:00
profits profits obtained also01:17:03
remember that microeconomics01:17:06
is studied by01:17:10
the company01:17:12
how many workers did it hire the company01:17:15
such are microeconomic studies the01:17:19
company production costs competition01:17:22
of companies monopoly monopoly01:17:27
oligopoly01:17:30
no these behaviors are microeconomics that01:17:33
is a monopoly a company in the market01:17:35
absorbing the industry electros entered01:17:38
for example that is if we study the01:17:39
current conduct of electrocentro as01:17:41
a company that provides service then01:17:43
that is microeconomics you are talking about01:17:45
an economic unit or01:17:46
individual behavior also in microeconomics you01:17:49
study supply and demand and01:17:53
supply and demand01:17:56
also remember supply micro demand and01:17:58
with supply demand microeconomics the01:17:59
salary balance for example01:18:03
distribution the theory of01:18:04
distribution the theory of the diste01:18:08
wahaha the one that will be able to see theory in the01:18:11
distribution income wages wages of01:18:14
a worker microeconomics is always01:18:16
in microeconomics individual behavior the01:18:18
behavior of a single agent01:18:22
supply demand costs of companies01:18:25
units of production consumption not the01:18:29
market formation of prices, if they tell you01:18:32
the price of cocoa, it is microeconomics, the01:18:35
price of gasoline, microeconomics, not01:18:38
the expenses that young Juana made01:18:40
when going to the microeconomics plaza,01:18:42
because she is talking about a consumer, that01:18:44
is microeconomics, the theory. of a01:18:47
consumer the theory of a producer the01:18:49
price of cocoa the price of copper in01:18:51
Peru because he is talking about copper01:18:53
it is microeconomics that is why he says that he01:18:56
studies microeconomics01:18:57
individual behavior01:18:59
economic units to father alfred mansa01:19:04
from neoclassical school microeconomics work01:19:07
principles of economics in 1890 march01:19:10
march father of microeconomics and01:19:12
balance companies markets on01:19:15
studies of microeconomics and01:19:17
macroeconomics there and thank you for being01:19:20
attentive guys and always being warriors01:19:23
supporting macroeconomics is known01:19:27
as the theory of aggregates01:19:32
and theory of aggregates prof01:19:36
aggregate means the global01:19:38
the joint behavior total national01:19:40
regional when it is taken not to an01:19:44
economic unit but rather the01:19:46
behavior of an entire region in the01:19:49
with me that is national also or01:19:51
international for example if I speak to you01:19:54
external debt the external debt affects01:19:57
a family, not the external debt affects an01:20:01
entire boom, that is, the entire country, because of01:20:04
that macroeconomics theory of01:20:06
aggregates studies the01:20:10
joint behavior the national behavior the01:20:14
global regional behavior01:20:17
of all economic activities and01:20:21
remember very well that when01:20:23
the behavior tells you total global, that is, it does01:20:26
not take a company, it does not take a01:20:28
consumer, but it takes the01:20:31
national income of the pp and national production,01:20:33
inflation, the aggregates are made, the01:20:35
global indicators, for example,01:20:39
the father of macroeconomics, John01:20:42
Maine, the one who speech the01:20:45
father of macroeconomics john maynard01:20:48
john maynard keynes do not remember their01:20:52
context of the crash of 29 black thursday01:20:55
the crash of the new york stock market01:20:56
work 1936 general theory of employment01:21:00
interest and money macroeconomics01:21:03
john maynard keynes no what topics01:21:06
atrophy is achieved studies is macroeconomics01:21:08
look at the gross domestic product the01:21:12
gross national product the01:21:15
net national product teacher that rise comes from01:21:18
just coming out of school that I am in01:21:20
this01:21:22
in the first year is secondary and I have already01:21:26
lost what is gp and but all the01:21:29
production of Peru and that's it the01:21:30
national production I am not01:21:33
referring to the production of a single01:21:34
company of those the micro and with me in01:21:36
macroeconomics it is the national production01:21:41
everything that has been produced in Peru01:21:44
I lost the value of all the goods and01:21:48
services produced in the01:21:50
national economy you realize This macro and01:21:52
begin takes the whole01:21:54
Penev and equals the national production01:21:56
but by Peruvian companies and Hualpén they01:21:58
are not mostly national production is01:22:01
macroeconomics 2 the employment rate the01:22:06
unemployment rate underemployment that is to say the01:22:09
behavior of the pea is macroeconomics another01:22:14
remember that the inflation01:22:18
inflation the consumer price index01:22:20
is not increases in01:22:23
global general prices it is macroeconomics I have01:22:27
already proven that more in macroeconomics the01:22:31
external debt the balance of payments that is,01:22:33
there are young people who call me a teacher of the01:22:36
region crisis to a macroeconomics01:22:38
economic growth macroeconomics01:22:41
external debt macroeconomics and also01:22:46
exports01:22:49
due to imports and all topics such as01:22:53
aggregate supply aggregate demand pro01:22:58
sito told me that supply and demand is01:22:59
microeconomics yes01:23:02
but well I already told you aggregate supply01:23:04
aggregate demand refers to01:23:06
national production national consumption and that is01:23:09
macroeconomics okay then In01:23:12
simpler terms01:23:14
in microeconomics you study01:23:18
a tree and without micro and with me you study01:23:21
a macro tree that would be the forest that is,01:23:24
this units the other the global the01:23:27
set little01:23:28
things that is the air in economics it would be01:23:31
micro and solidarity the production of a01:23:33
company rice01:23:35
but in macro pp and national production01:23:39
in my cross it would be the salary of the01:23:41
hwan worker01:23:43
as consumer behavior in macro it01:23:46
would be the national income the01:23:48
national income in micro and you study here not the01:23:52
behavior of supply and demand01:23:53
price of cocoa because the potato It went up from01:23:56
3 because the chicken is overweight. Now the01:23:57
problem is the price of gas is01:23:58
microeconomics because he is talking about01:24:00
gas. A macro unit instead would be01:24:04
inflation when all goods are already01:24:05
rising in price globally in01:24:07
general because it is macroeconomics as a01:24:09
whole microeconomics behavior.01:24:11
of units, very good guys, it is a01:24:14
week where there has been a lot of01:24:16
interaction, especially in the division of01:24:19
economics, you have to be very attentive since01:24:21
this is the part that comes in the exam, I have01:24:23
always told you, so review,01:24:26
practice a lot next week01:24:28
we enter the topic the needs and01:24:31
goods01:24:39
the order proceeds when it is accounted it01:24:42
takes into account drug trafficking guys let's01:24:46
see the order it takes into account the illegal01:24:49
the informal the black market the one that is01:24:52
taken into account the field of drug trafficking01:24:56
the dollar the movement of currency due to01:24:57
drug trafficking It is another account called the01:25:00
balance of international payments,01:25:02
the pp, and I don't know what is illegal, what is informal,01:25:05
that is considered by law01:25:08
because the national institute of01:25:10
computer statistics is the one that01:25:12
always does the national accounting - and it does01:25:15
not say very clearly that it is only considered in01:25:17
the pp what has been produced in01:25:20
added value so drug trafficking the01:25:23
illegal those things do not consider the pp and01:25:26
that is my position on the other hand if there is another01:25:29
account in which they do consider the dollar a01:25:31
product not from the illegal01:25:34
drug market all that and it is called the balance of01:25:36
payments and the balance of payments is no longer01:25:38
measured by email, it is measured by the central01:25:40
reserve bank. In other words, there are issues that must be01:25:43
handled now, guys, too, so01:25:46
very good, children, it is a very nice01:25:48
question. It is normal, not the illegal thing.01:25:51
cucumber measures it but my teacher told me the01:25:53
balance of payments and measures it in an account01:25:55
called errors or omissions in the01:25:58
balance of payments01:25:59
if he says ask another question01:26:05
the personal income teacher is located in01:26:08
microeconomics or macroeconomics01:26:11
well the small indicators are01:26:15
indicators when it says national income and01:26:18
national income it is referring to the01:26:20
income generated throughout the economy and01:26:22
that is macro that is framework but when it01:26:25
tells you available personnel is crowded it01:26:28
is referring to your person it01:26:33
is not referring to your person as an01:26:35
income for consume or save, it is01:26:37
a disposable income, that can be01:26:39
within the microeconomics, it can be01:26:42
within the microeconomics, but when01:26:44
we talk about pp iu per capita income per01:26:47
capita, those are01:26:49
macroeconomic indicators because they are going to01:26:50
classify the entire order among01:26:52
inhabitants all the time. ask per inhabitant01:26:55
macroeconomics and but we are talking about01:26:57
a person's income that is microeconomics01:27:01
for example I can now generate a01:27:04
salary for my hours of work it is01:27:05
microeconomics because I am01:27:07
studying not the worker and his salary01:27:11
instead a macro the01:27:14
total global national income Also very good guys,01:27:19
take care of yourselves next week01:27:22
we are going into needs and01:27:24
goods01:27:27
today we have class01:27:34
there or we already have a marathon appointment01:27:38
of two courses between four to six the01:27:40
logical relationship course and from01:27:42
six to eight the chemistry course this is going01:27:45
to be a live broadcast01:27:48
private platform private platform in the01:27:50
different kids attend make the01:27:52
most of the virtual classes good afternoon01:27:54
take care01:27:57
there they tell us that the schedule is already01:27:59
established it is on the01:28:00
platform guys now01:28:05
to the book the book and in the afternoon I'm going01:28:07
to share with you01:28:10
that book, you're referring to the one01:28:15
from the academy or the one I01:28:17
promised you as a gift, both of you don't understand01:28:20
hahaha, but now we're going to present the academy right now01:28:26
guys bye bye bye boys01:28:28
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