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инфоурок

школа

видеоуроки

биология

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[music]

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norms and diet metabolic disorders

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nutrition is the most important physiological

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need of the body, which is the

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constant replenishment of

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resources for energy production.

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Currently, a person cannot be

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actively working while remaining

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illiterate in nutrition issues. Many

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scientists have devoted their lives to studying the

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digestive system and the basics of nutrition

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in order to every person could maintain their

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health for as long as possible, unfortunately,

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even today people do not think about

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it

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Demmik Alexey Alekseevich Pokrovsky

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stated disordered eating,

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unfortunately, it is quite common for many to

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eat on the go, which they have to forget to

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eat during, neglect age-related

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characteristics, working conditions and climate, allowing themselves to

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stubbornly violate the rules of nutrition,

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some by overeating, relying on their body,

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others by not eating enough,

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and purely aesthetic considerations to

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maintain a slim figure,

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so that food brings

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maximum benefit, so that children grow

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healthy and strong, so that people can

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remain productive for a long time, it is

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necessary for everyone to understand the laws of

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rational nutrition,

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therefore, the science of nutrition

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to make accessible and understandable to everyone

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such rational nutrition and

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why it is necessary

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rational nutrition is sufficient in

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quantitative and complete and

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qualitative terms of nutrition

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its basis is balance the

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optimal ratio of all components

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in the basis of rational nutrition two

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components diet and diet of

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which and diet is the main condition for

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rational nutrition; the food consumed

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must contain all the necessary

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nutrients;

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in addition, the energy value of

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the products must completely cover the

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body’s energy costs; it has been established that

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if a person

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is in a state of complete rest throughout the day, his

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energy consumption is about

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1700-2000 kilocalories,

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despite the lack of physical

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activity the body constantly works

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so muscles in a calm state

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spend 26 percent of all costs

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liver 25 percent brain 18 percent

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heart nine percent kidneys seven

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percent

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and non-physical activity increases and

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energy costs, for example, energy costs of

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muscles and heart

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increase four times, it is necessary to take into account

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nutritional standards that indicate

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the amount of nutrients substances

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necessary to replenish energy, they

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can be seen in the table displayed on the

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slide.

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There is a separate type in medicine that

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deals with the organization of rational

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nutrition;

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dietetics;

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this science studies not only

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proper nutrition, but also methods of treating

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pathological diseases with the help of

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food;

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when compiling a diet, it should be

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remembered that food should be

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varied

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contain proteins fats carbohydrates

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mineral salts it is undesirable to eat

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food rich only in carbohydrates, despite the fact

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that it well covers the

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body’s energy costs, such

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food is usually insufficient in

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quantities of other

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nutrients

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I must be well prepared have a

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pleasant aroma and appearance

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optimal temperature conditions everything these

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criteria affect appetite and digestibility; the

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second important condition for rational

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nutrition is cutting the nutritional value of

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products decreases sharply if a person

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rarely eats

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once or twice a day,

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very frequent meals are also harmful because the food does not

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have time to be digested and appetite

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disappears. It is

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optimal to eat food 3- 4 times a

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day, the first meal of the day, breakfast should be

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hearty and contain about 30 percent of the

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daily ration, lunch is 50

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percent and dinner is 20 percent of the daily

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ration,

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looking for rich in proteins, it is better to eat

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in the morning or at lunch, it speeds up

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metabolism and increases the excitability of the nervous

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system should not be taken at night taking

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fatty foods, dairy or

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plant products are recommended, the

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last meal should be no

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later than three hours before bedtime,

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following a diet, non-compliance with the

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diet

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leads to metabolic disorders,

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diseases of the cardiovascular system,

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the most common diseases

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associated with metabolism are

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obesity, dystrophy,

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anorexia and bulimia

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obesity develops with an increase in the

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mass of adipose tissue, as a rule, a

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passive lifestyle leads to obesity

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when the energy received from food is

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not consumed by the body; obesity

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provokes the development of diabetes mellitus;

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hypertension; doctors help cope with obesity; they

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prescribe a number of

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measures to get rid of

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excess weight without harming health with a

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disease opposite to obesity

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is dystrophy, it is associated with

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insufficient intake of nutrients into the body,

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dystrophy is characterized by damage to

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cells and intercellular substances,

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disruption of traffic, and

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complete or partial refusal of food

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leading to a sharp decrease in weight,

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patients experience nausea, vomiting

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after a small amount of food, they

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feel like after overeating,

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anorexia is serious a mental

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disorder requiring the help of a doctor and

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hospitalization of the patient;

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excessive overeating after

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which the patient resorts to inducing

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vomiting or taking laxatives

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to cleanse the body;

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bulimia is accompanied by depression; poor

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sleep; talk of suicide;

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excessive fear of gaining weight; like

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anorexia; bulimia is a mental

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illness and requires the help of

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specialists

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