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Russian
00:00:31
the kindle so ok this thing is boring00:00:36
but what I would like to understand00:00:38
is why can't we00:00:40
prevent it00:00:46
I00:00:47
I00:00:56
there is something astonishing in the00:00:59
way we perceive images with00:01:00
our eyes in fact circus our eyes do00:01:02
not work alone they work00:01:03
with our brain has00:01:05
already spoken about it in the episode on the brain00:01:07
which you can find here our eyes00:01:09
work with our brain to00:01:11
create a visual meaning that is00:01:14
to say no only we capture the light00:01:15
but we are going to interpret this convoy to00:01:17
understand it without needing to00:01:19
think about what we see and in the same00:01:20
way as this video on the bolts00:01:22
that I have just shown you there is00:01:23
another video which has its famous on the00:01:25
net which shows an illusion made00:01:27
from a drawing here is someone who has00:01:29
drawn a Rubik's cube in a totally realistic way00:01:31
but in anamorphosis that is to00:01:33
say that we only see it from a00:01:35
given angle and therefore as soon as you are not in00:01:37
this angle you can clearly see that it is a00:01:38
drawing and when you are right in the right00:01:41
angle I regret but it is impossible not to00:01:43
see the cube when you are right in00:01:44
the right angle you can literally00:01:45
hear your brain talking like00:01:48
that to tell you it's good enough I00:01:50
know what a cube is, we can00:01:52
tell it no, it's a drawing, you have to try to00:01:54
see the drawing, no no, it's a cube00:01:56
then why is it not possible to00:01:57
reason with your brain on this subject so00:01:59
let's start from the beginning how do we00:02:01
perceive an object00:02:03
visually first step it's super00:02:05
simple look at an object well the00:02:06
light that he liked or he thinks00:02:08
comes into your eyes00:02:09
from there the brain does everything00:02:12
else00:02:13
first it takes place what we call00:02:14
perceptual processing except that that is to00:02:16
say that your brain simply analyzes and00:02:18
recognizes that there are lines00:02:20
of curves of colors without any00:02:23
distinction of what her breasts he sees00:02:25
simply go all the way to the00:02:27
next stage and the intermediate perceptual processing00:02:29
we reconstruct00:02:31
from Céline of her curves and her00:02:32
colors a form which is in two00:02:35
dimensions you simply have the00:02:36
flat projection of what you see00:02:39
that is to say what corresponds in fact to00:02:41
what you have at the bottom of each in00:02:43
the light which arrives there the image a00:02:46
photograph and then you have the00:02:48
late perceptual processing which will00:02:50
use this to reconstitute a00:02:53
three-dimensional image in particular00:02:55
from the images which come from Vaud00:02:56
to the eyes once we have a beautiful00:02:58
3D image of everything we are looking at there00:03:00
comes the associative processing that's there00:03:02
where your brain will make a link a00:03:04
connection therefore an association between the00:03:06
percept what you perceive and the00:03:09
concept since you conceive which is00:03:10
directly linked to your memory00:03:13
this is what will allow you to00:03:14
recognize an object that you have already00:03:15
seen and not to understand what you see00:03:18
when you see something you00:03:19
've never seen in your life that doesn't00:03:21
look like anything you've00:03:22
ever seen in your life very last00:03:24
stage once we've done all that the00:03:25
denomination that is to say that your00:03:27
brain has perfectly recognized what00:03:29
you have seen therefore what it perceives and00:03:31
therefore you can say it's good I know00:03:33
what I see it's a Rubik's cube00:03:36
even if in occurrence this was not00:03:37
the case but this is what you00:03:39
see to understand a little better the00:03:41
problem we have with their 8 subo with00:03:42
the bolts I showed you this00:03:44
here you have a cube which represented00:03:46
in a way quite classic so by00:03:47
its edges00:03:48
I am going to ask you the following question00:03:50
is this cube you actually see the00:03:52
phase from the front and towards the back its00:03:55
part towards the top and the left or towards00:03:58
the bottom and the right there is it's a safe bet00:04:03
that you answered upwards and to the00:04:05
left for a very simple reason: we are00:04:06
more used to seeing00:04:07
objects, particularly a cube, from above and00:04:11
therefore we see our perspective moving towards00:04:14
the top of the cubes. and not down00:04:16
to see the perspective of the bottom of the cube00:04:17
logically you would have to be under00:04:19
the cube which is less classic as00:04:22
a situation what this example shows00:04:24
is that in fact our brain is00:04:26
calibrated so that we can easily00:04:27
recognize what we already know which00:04:30
is perfectly effective in our00:04:31
everyday life we do not need to00:04:33
ask ourselves the question of all the objects we00:04:34
see when we see them00:04:35
continually but as a result we00:04:38
recognizes easily what we00:04:39
already know just as we have difficulty digesting what we00:04:42
do not recognize and as a result00:04:44
we do not digest at all what we do00:04:46
not know but which resembles00:04:47
something we know as for example example the00:04:51
cube then in these two because the illusion00:04:54
of the cube or the illusion of the bolts00:04:57
it is in fact the point of view which00:04:59
deceives us except that as soon as we leave the00:05:01
point of view it is good we understand what00:05:03
happens there are like that a lot00:05:04
of illusions which are directly linked to00:05:07
from which we look like for00:05:09
example the shadow sculptures of00:05:11
sciglio fukuda or the famous painting of the00:05:13
ambassadors of selling to the blind well what00:05:21
the skull00:05:26
which skull the anamorphosis00:05:28
skull at the bottom00:05:31
what an ass to death that ok ok ok in00:05:38
parentheses to have this one you00:05:39
really have to be completely on the00:05:41
side of the branch of our eyes are not00:05:44
used to being constrained to a single00:05:46
point of view it's that's why00:05:47
most of his illusions00:05:49
only work in two dimensions, whether it's00:05:51
a shadow sculpture00:05:52
in two dimensions or a painting or00:05:54
those videos that we've seen, that's it00:05:56
every time we forces us to an angle00:05:58
of view because otherwise the illusion is00:06:00
immediately resolved and why do we00:06:02
need to be forced to an00:06:03
angle of view to be fooled,00:06:05
it's very simple, it's because in fact00:06:06
our perception has00:06:08
fabulous tools which are the constancy of00:06:10
shapes colors and sizes00:06:13
when you look at any object00:06:15
you can move around it well00:06:17
there is no interruption at a00:06:19
given moment your brain tells you don't say,00:06:21
you are looking at00:06:22
something completely different,00:06:23
however it is obvious that because00:06:25
you are looking from another angle00:06:27
you are literally looking at something else00:06:29
but your brain allows you the00:06:32
continuity of precisely these00:06:33
transformations and tells you that in00:06:35
fact the cube that you looked at from one00:06:37
angle you now look at it from00:06:38
another angle but it is indeed the00:06:40
same cube it has the same shape the same color the00:06:43
same size take for example a plate which is00:06:45
placed on a table well well from where you00:06:47
are you can clearly see that this plate00:06:48
is round except that in reality from where you are00:06:50
you see that this plate is oval00:06:52
with a small bulge barback00:06:54
a bit of a weird shape00:06:55
but you know that this plate in00:06:57
fact seen from the above is round00:06:58
yet you do not see it from above00:06:59
but you see that it is symmetrical00:07:01
you are able to deduce its00:07:04
three-dimensional shape simply by00:07:05
looking from where you are and therefore00:07:08
you imagine that it is indeed00:07:10
round and in the same way you can00:07:12
take into account the lighting to00:07:13
determine the color of this plate00:07:15
you can see that this plate is00:07:16
white while clearly the00:07:18
white pages lose and I show you00:07:19
white next to it not white00:07:22
no it is very exactly like me with00:07:24
my sugar of colors I have00:07:25
exchanged it nicely you know that I am not00:07:27
blue I am not red00:07:29
I am not green it is simply an00:07:32
overall effect and as there is a00:07:34
constancy of the color you know more or00:07:36
less what it is the color of my skin and00:07:38
therefore you can deduce that it is00:07:39
the color of the wall behind your brain00:07:43
it is not only understanding that but00:07:45
it is even adapting00:07:46
if for example I show you this00:07:47
image for a few seconds there I00:07:49
I'm going to ask you to look at the00:07:50
central point of this image, especially not to00:07:52
move from the central point of this image,00:07:54
so on one side you have blue,00:07:57
on the other side you should have red,00:07:58
simply these are colors which are00:08:00
very distinct00:08:01
I remind you that I did an00:08:02
episode on this not so long ago00:08:03
called why00:08:04
red lights are red what is00:08:06
happening is that when you00:08:08
look at the central point your00:08:09
right eye is looking rather the right part00:08:10
your left rather the left part and00:08:12
therefore each of your eyes is00:08:14
adapting to the fact that keeping to the left00:08:16
is rather blue and holding to the right00:08:17
is rather red which means that if00:08:19
now I leaves the white dot in the00:08:21
middle so that you continue to00:08:23
stare at it but at the same time I00:08:24
show you something completely different00:08:27
you realize that barrier00:08:29
on one side still casually it has00:08:30
become all red and on the other side00:08:32
it became all blue because your00:08:34
brain adapted to the colorimetry00:08:36
of what you were looking at bruno00:08:40
don't worry it goes away in a few00:08:41
seconds and then there are certain people who00:08:43
suffer from a pretty terrible thing00:08:45
which called gnosis and perceptual00:08:47
transformation, it is a disorder which00:08:49
appears precisely in the whole00:08:50
process that we saw there to produce00:08:53
a visual perception which appears at the00:08:54
moment when we make the 3d reconstruction,00:08:56
that is to say that the people who00:08:58
suffer of that are incapable of00:08:59
reconstructing what she sees in three00:09:01
dimensions she sees a can of00:09:04
any drink she sees00:09:07
the rectangle of the wells - they are00:09:09
incapable of determining that the object is00:09:11
symmetrical and that it is in makes a kind00:09:12
of cylinders is impossible ah yes for00:09:15
the colors I do not insult you00:09:17
by presenting to you this illusion which00:09:19
is ultra famous which simply shows00:09:21
that indeed the two boxes are00:09:24
exactly the same color but that if00:09:26
you see them no the same color00:09:27
is because your brain is well00:09:29
contextualizing what it sees you have00:09:31
one00:09:32
which in the shadow the other which in the00:09:33
light so the fable denies this00:09:35
illusion because it is00:09:36
we that's enough, blue or gold or00:09:39
white or yellow or green red,00:09:40
I don't care, however, if one last00:09:43
subject I would like to talk about, it's not00:09:45
really an illusion, it's one,00:09:46
it's the effect that we call tilt00:09:49
shift those who have already used00:09:51
Instagram certainly know this00:09:53
effect since we can do it when00:09:55
we process our photos on Instagram our00:09:57
product placements we00:09:58
simply know ice and there is a thing00:09:59
called tilt shift it is an effect which00:10:01
allows you on an image or on a00:10:03
video for that matter to create with blur00:10:06
a quite strange sensation which is a bit00:10:09
as if what you had in front of you00:10:11
was in fact in miniature so you00:10:13
end up with a photo for example of00:10:15
crowd at the beach or traffic00:10:18
of cars are real cars or00:10:20
real people at the beach and you00:10:22
look at it and tell you hey, these are00:10:23
little people and00:10:24
little cars00:10:25
finally a miniature how and why00:10:28
we obtain this effect started00:10:31
relatively simple eh it's something00:10:32
that happens in two steps00:10:33
possibly only one step even a00:10:35
first say that you have a blur in the00:10:37
foreground you have a blur in00:10:38
the background and you have an area00:10:40
which is the shortest possible00:10:41
therefore the lowest depth of field00:10:43
as they say in the profession00:10:46
and possibly especially if you have00:10:48
real people in your image00:10:51
you saturate the colors thoroughly so00:10:53
that they are not natural because00:10:55
otherwise effectively the the illusion can00:10:56
therefore it can break because the brain00:10:59
as much the brain can this evening by lots00:11:00
of things as when the brain is00:11:02
able to recognize people by00:11:05
recognizing say it's there it's so and00:11:07
so simply recognize holds these00:11:08
are people when the brain is00:11:10
able to recognize people it00:11:12
does it and why does this illusion00:11:13
work simply because00:11:15
the way our eyes its goal effect00:11:17
that the only classic situation in00:11:19
which we can see things clearly00:11:21
with things very blurry in the00:11:23
foreground and very blurry things in the background00:11:24
in fact it's when we are very close00:11:27
to what we keep when we look at00:11:28
something small00:11:30
which is very close to our eyes00:11:32
level up a table here is00:11:36
placed three objects one behind the other00:11:37
aimed at the one in the middle you will see that00:11:39
the one in the foreground will be blurred this place00:11:41
last plan will be blurred too and if we00:11:43
saturate the colors when there are00:11:44
people it is simply because that as00:11:46
soon as we saturate our brain we can00:11:48
imagine that these are little00:11:49
bread men and above all don't00:11:53
think that I made this video00:11:54
only to tell you about my00:11:56
Instagram not at all at all ultimately00:12:04
what we The conclusion we can draw from00:12:06
all this is that our brain does00:12:07
not allow us the freedom to perceive what we00:12:09
want, in fact after00:12:11
millennia and millennia00:12:12
of evolution00:12:13
it has put in place a certain number00:12:15
of automatisms precisely to ensure will00:12:17
undoubtedly initially be our00:12:19
survival but also very effective00:12:20
it and even in life so that we are00:12:23
not there without Araya wondering00:12:25
what is it one two three four00:12:26
five years it is my hand no there so00:12:29
our brain is designed in such a way that we00:12:31
can perceive the things we00:12:33
know quickly is we00:12:34
recognize them without even taking the time00:12:36
to think about them00:12:39
in other words our brain does not does00:12:42
not allow the freedom to discover00:12:44
what he thinks he recognizes,00:12:46
hence the famous disbursement illusion. Thank you00:12:51
all for being more and more00:12:52
people who want to think about it and I hope00:12:53
you liked this episode if it is the00:12:55
case you put a thumb like that if00:12:56
you didn't like it you don't feel obliged to00:12:58
put a thumb like that but you00:12:59
always have this possibility yes if00:13:02
you are not yet subscribed subscribe00:13:03
separate it obviously the most00:13:06
important I will never repeat it enough00:13:07
share this video if you liked it00:13:09
on all your social networks00:13:10
what else can I say yes00:13:12
of course to follow the news of the00:13:14
channel facebook twitter google + thanks00:13:17
to the guy her2 continue like and here are00:13:19
the credits rolling but in00:13:21
asia it was super cool there we00:13:23
met lots it was very nice the00:13:25
next step is polymanga so00:13:26
I hope there will be many of you there by then00:13:28
to stay curious and radek time to think about it00:13:48
ansa00:13:52
100:13:54
1Description:
Abonnez-vous : https://www.youtube.com/user/epenser1?sub_confirmation=1 Certaines illusions optiques sont résistantes. Vous avez beau connaître le truc, on a beau vous le montrer, votre cerveau dit toujours non. Pourquoi ? Restez curieux, et prenez le temps d'e-penser. https://www.youtube.com/epenser1 - https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser - http://twitter.com/epenser - https://en.tipeee.com/e-penser - https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Le livre e-penser : https://www.amazon.fr/Prenez-temps--penser-Bruce-Benamran/dp/2501104927 © e-penser Les vidéos de la vidéo : - la conférence TED sur les illusions : https://www.ted.com/talks/al_seckel_says_our_brains_are_mis_wired- les sculptures d'ombre : https://www.linternaute.com/lifestyle/loisirs/1175898-les-plus-belles-sculptures-d-ombre/ - des sculptures géantes ultra-réalistes qui mettent votre cerveau en PLS : http://dailynewsdig.com/hyper-realistic-sculpture-ron-mueck/ - les ambassadeurs : https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Ambassadeurs - l'illusion Rubik : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z66ePp62jg8 - l'objet totalement insolite (en fait un presse-livre) : http://yrganebd.canalblog.com/archives/2011/06/26/21483237.html - la vidéo en tilt-shift "the sandpit" : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fk9EBOOAYiU - sur le tilt shift (qui permet plus que la seule miniaturisation) : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HRYlJUwzYA pour en savoir plus sur la perception visuelle : https://lecerveau.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_02/a_02_p/a_02_p_vis/a_02_p_vis.html Musique de l'épisode : La grande table productions site : http://survey-smiles.com/ playlist youtube : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_fQgXy-p_vjjEbuv1ggBEQ/feed soundcloud : https://soundcloud.com/la-grande-table
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