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Russian
00:00:02
the great wall of china the longest and00:00:06
most expensive defensive structure00:00:08
in the world at home climb to any height00:00:11
no matter what your vision or00:00:12
optical instruments you can’t see the whole wall00:00:15
this is a real man-made miracle00:00:19
it is known to the whole world00:00:22
however it is shrouded in a veil of secrecy00:00:26
advertising hd times it’s not only worth to see00:00:29
how the great wall goes beyond the horizon it takes00:00:31
my breath away00:00:36
what was required for its construction00:00:38
from whom it served as protection, we scrapped00:00:42
them a little but they were the best00:00:44
warriors in the world you can unravel these secrets00:00:47
only by dismantling the wall to the ground a00:00:51
careful study of its towers and protective00:00:55
structures00:00:56
literally one pebble at a time will reveal to us the00:00:59
amazing engineering and technical00:01:01
secrets of this truly unique00:01:04
structure,00:01:08
exploding history the great wall of china00:01:12
[music]00:01:17
the great wall of china a00:01:20
fortification structure00:01:22
stretching across the continent for twenty-00:01:25
one thousand kilometers00:01:27
[music] a00:01:29
protective wall built in ancient times by the00:01:32
largest nation in the world00:01:37
it stretches from snowy deserts00:01:39
to the shores of the yellow sea00:01:43
it was the most ambitious construction project in00:01:45
the history of mankind00:01:48
[music]00:01:51
this is the largest artificial00:01:54
structure in the world,00:01:55
over a billion bricks made of baked00:01:58
clay went into construction, the height of the wall00:02:01
is 7 meters,00:02:04
not counting the parapet walls itself with00:02:06
brochures00:02:08
and also loopholes for guidance battle,00:02:12
this monumental structure has a00:02:15
width of 5 meters and thousands of kilometers in00:02:19
length,00:02:21
the number of watchtowers is in the00:02:24
tens of thousands00:02:28
for centuries, it served China as the00:02:30
first line of defense,00:02:33
but it was not the first wall that the00:02:36
real Chinese emperors00:02:38
stretched across their huge country;00:02:45
their ancestors built earthen embankments00:02:49
in one and a half years thousands of years before the00:02:51
construction of the great wall began, and here is the mystery of00:02:56
what prompted the rulers of China to build00:02:59
such structures in the area here is00:03:03
beautiful,00:03:04
it gives additional beauty to the landscape00:03:06
to break before there was a00:03:09
border here, few people studied the great00:03:13
wall of China since William Nancy,00:03:17
so he devoted many years,00:03:24
thousands of kilometers were covered and along the wall00:03:26
they discovered deep secrets and stories with00:03:31
here we have China and there Mongolia the lands of the00:03:34
nomads Charlie the Thais flourished they00:03:37
cultivated the land and grew food00:03:40
more than he demanded I'm sorry but the00:03:42
inhabitants of the north had nothing special the00:03:44
earthly period ends there almost before00:03:46
it began the nomads lived north of00:03:50
China and wandered along with their00:03:53
herds00:03:54
she China they raided taking00:03:58
food and valuable00:04:02
firewood as booty drought or severe winter meant00:04:05
disaster and so the people were00:04:07
faced with the question of00:04:08
basic survival you had to00:04:12
get their own food harbors in the00:04:14
north of Siberia and they they went south, they only00:04:18
brought00:04:21
nomads from the north into the territory of China, they called them the Xiongnu,00:04:24
because of their raids, something had to be done00:04:28
before the construction of the Great Wall of China began.00:04:35
Needless to say, the nomads were00:04:37
excellent warriors, they00:04:40
learned to ride from childhood, without a saddle and00:04:43
stirrup,00:04:44
yeah and upbringing and made the nomads a00:04:48
foot and we knew no equal,00:04:54
unfortunately for the population of China, the nomads00:04:57
were not just excellent riders00:04:59
in their arsenal, they had quite00:05:01
modern weapons, a compound bow, I am not a00:05:09
fushe, one of the best bow makers in the world00:05:13
[music]00:05:16
for ten generations of his family00:05:18
are engaged in this fine arts00:05:21
on which the fighting power of nomadic tribes depended00:05:24
[music]00:05:27
powerful bows and fast horses what else is00:05:30
needed for a successful raid he and we are very00:05:34
proud and00:05:35
not without reason of our ability to00:05:38
stay in the saddle and sit on a horse we are00:05:42
taught from early childhood master I’m not00:05:46
going to create a bow powerful enough00:05:49
to kill a man the first thing he does00:05:54
is cut and glue the arms of the00:05:56
bow together but 1 wood is not enough to00:06:01
give the arrow the necessary speed00:06:03
[music]00:06:07
excessive force can deform the00:06:11
wood the bow does not break from excessive00:06:14
force due to its00:06:17
design the00:06:18
master I do not glue there are strong00:06:21
horn plates on it to strengthen the tree,00:06:26
non-horn plates are glued on this00:06:30
side to give the grandson flexibility because00:06:33
this is the most important thing for giving the bow00:06:37
power, he glues it to the inside of the00:06:40
bull's tendons, it is known that00:06:49
in ancient times bows were very tight,00:06:52
but come on, we needed a remarkable strength00:06:54
just to draw the bow, but you00:06:57
still had to take aim when the00:07:03
master yang or clenches his fingers00:07:08
the arrow flies to the target at a speed of 30000:07:11
kilometers per hour00:07:13
[music]00:07:15
powerful bows like this made00:07:17
nomads in ancient times almost00:07:19
invincible raids on China00:07:22
continued00:07:28
[music]00:07:30
as The Chinese wanted to protect the vast00:07:33
territory of their country from the ruthless00:07:36
robbers from the north,00:07:38
so they decided to take refuge behind the walls00:07:41
[music]00:07:44
behind the outer layer of brick there are the00:07:47
remains of the former earthen wall built00:07:50
and to protect against the raids of nomads,00:07:54
compacted soil laid in layers00:07:57
formed a reliable barrier00:07:59
[music]00:08:04
layers of reeds gave the00:08:06
structure stability00:08:08
[music]00:08:10
such multi-layered earthen walls00:08:12
rose to a height of 6 meters00:08:16
they were erected to protect the Chinese from00:08:18
wild nomads;00:08:26
satellite images show that the00:08:28
earthen walls stretched from the00:08:31
Yellow Sea to the desert in the western part of00:08:33
China;00:08:37
the Chinese also built such a wall in the00:08:39
sands of the desert00:08:40
where there is no building material00:08:44
advertising every time it is worth not only to00:08:46
see how the great wall goes beyond00:08:48
the horizon00:08:49
baseball is breathtaking00:08:52
explorer richard fair brother00:08:54
arrived in the desert in the west of china00:08:57
he hopes to reveal the secrets of the first00:09:00
great wall built not from stone but from00:09:03
earth and just find amazing how much00:09:06
people were involved in00:09:08
the construction and what a titanic work it was,00:09:11
in order to understand how the wall00:09:14
withstood the gusts of desert winds for so many years,00:09:18
you need to try to build another00:09:21
section,00:09:23
master Yan and his assistants00:09:26
deliberately use the00:09:28
methods of ancient masters during construction, they get the00:09:31
so-called earth bit construction,00:09:35
here a layer of earth is placed then a layer of00:09:40
reeds, keep it laid out on an00:09:45
even layer of small reeds, there is00:09:48
another plus of this, it helps to00:09:51
drain the wall of the garden, the muscles00:09:54
will pass through their layers of soil and00:09:56
come out through the layers of reeds,00:10:00
but in this harsh climate, even00:10:03
reed layers will not be able to serve as00:10:05
salvation from severe storms and weathering processes,00:10:10
how did parts of the wall survive 2000 years in00:10:14
this desert,00:10:17
analysis of the soil known as loess00:10:19
shows that fragments of the shells of long-00:10:21
dead land mollusks00:10:22
provide it with certain specific00:10:24
properties00:10:27
on only rich chalk so that when wet00:10:30
it gives the soil from which the wall00:10:32
is built additional strength without00:10:35
even knowing that the00:10:36
ancient builders used00:10:38
this chemical reaction during the construction of the wall,00:10:43
I will call a rammer to compress the00:10:45
sedimentary rocks00:10:47
andre and on the traitor's nose, the00:10:51
strength of which and the famous earth's00:10:53
bit walls is amazing if you compact elios all day in the scorching00:10:59
sun00:11:00
by the evening you will be squeezed00:11:03
out like a lemon a00:11:08
team of 80 people a00:11:11
kilometer-long wall was built in just a week,00:11:15
it was 6 meters high and served as a00:11:18
defense for many centuries,00:11:21
it was possible to get over it only00:11:23
along the top under a shower of arrows,00:11:26
but by the 16th century everything changed00:11:31
in the enemies of China, new weapons appeared and the00:11:34
old walls were no longer from him00:11:37
protection,00:11:41
what did the Chinese do, the wall was not already00:11:45
built, what else remained to be done00:11:47
to build the walls higher or stronger00:11:51
than before00:11:52
[music] the00:11:55
answer to this question was the most00:11:57
ambitious construction program in the world,00:12:03
exploding history history the first great00:12:12
wall of China was earthen00:12:14
and was built over 2000 years ago00:12:17
it was erected to protect the inhabitants of China from the00:12:19
nomadic Xiongnu people,00:12:21
but as military affairs developed, the00:12:24
earthen wall ceased to serve as an00:12:26
insurmountable obstacle; new00:12:31
offensive weapons required more00:12:33
reliable fortifications;00:12:39
historian William Lindsey walks along the00:12:41
Great Wall of China in the mountains north00:12:44
of Beijing,00:12:47
he wants to understand what motivated the Chinese00:12:49
to improve this protective00:12:51
structure from here to Beijing, only 8000:12:56
kilometers, almost at a stroke in00:13:05
1550, the Mongols broke through the wall,00:13:10
your problems, the vulnerabilities of Beijing,00:13:13
and the nomads of the Mongols stood up to their full height, broke out00:13:18
of the mountains into the open00:13:21
spaces surrounding the capital of the Chinese00:13:23
Empire, Beijing, the00:13:27
ruling dynasty had to somehow00:13:29
confront this threat00:13:32
[music] the00:13:33
emperor's court literally shook with00:13:36
fear of the invaders and wondered00:13:39
why the great wall had fallen it was time00:13:44
for a new one more reliable and style00:13:48
billions of tons of stone and bricks went into the00:13:51
construction of a gigantic structure00:13:57
it rested on a solid granite00:14:00
foundation the00:14:03
smooth surface of the bricks made it difficult to00:14:06
climb wall00:14:09
[music]00:14:11
and along it went up a parapet on the wall00:14:13
[music] the00:14:16
pockets poured between the bricks00:14:18
gave the structure stability00:14:20
[music]00:14:21
and on top were laid even bricks00:14:24
7 meters high and five meters wide, the wall00:14:28
was impregnable, where did00:14:35
so many bricks come from that were enough for the wall00:14:37
across all of China00:14:39
photo the first thing to make00:14:42
bricks is to find deposits of clay,00:14:45
throw them out of which they00:14:46
make bricks and then burn them the00:14:49
fallen Richard knows where he has been00:14:53
conserving00:14:55
brick buildings all his life, not so long ago he joined a00:14:59
project with a substantial budget to00:15:01
restore this structure00:15:03
[music]00:15:05
together with eight assistants, Volen00:15:08
uses exclusively the technologies of00:15:10
ancient craftsmen to understand00:15:11
how difficult it was to build the00:15:15
great wall,00:15:21
they also push excess clay into the mold00:15:25
onto it tightly, the main thing is there is a round smell,00:15:27
if we do everything correctly, we will get an00:15:30
excellent brick, the secret to the speed of00:15:34
construction lies in the use00:15:36
large-sized bricks bricks on the00:15:40
great wall are four times larger than those00:15:42
used in the construction of00:15:43
modern houses, we00:15:46
take larger ones, these bricks are00:15:50
not easy,00:15:51
the faster the construction goes, because it’s00:15:53
just the power of the oven, one on top of the other, a00:15:57
lantern, this is what we get by shooting, we’ll level it00:16:01
on the sides, we’ll dry it, we’ll send it to the00:16:05
oven for me we have one more brick for the00:16:09
great wall brick and first00:16:13
they listen and then we burn00:16:18
you putin we lay the last bricks on the surface of the00:16:20
kiln00:16:22
I leave space between them00:16:25
for the heat to rise here and00:16:27
do its thing before forever00:16:30
flying out into the chimney00:16:31
eyes above we will lay a thick layer of earth00:16:35
so that the heat lasts as long as possible,00:16:38
just loading the kiln00:16:40
takes a whole morning of back-breaking labor,00:16:44
firing and melting clay particles and making the00:16:47
bricks strong during the construction of the00:16:52
wall, the entire area around was illuminated by00:16:54
thousands of kilns, hundreds of thousands of people00:16:58
worked on this industrial conveyor,00:17:00
one of the very first in the world00:17:04
the process was continuous, some furnaces were00:17:07
loaded, others were lit, 3 were opened,00:17:10
and thus the builders were delivered00:17:13
more and more bricks from hell,00:17:16
the construction of the wall continued and it00:17:19
became longer and longer, it is00:17:24
very important not to overexpose the bricks, so the00:17:27
viburnum and his assistants00:17:29
have to carefully monitor the00:17:31
temperature all the time in the oven00:17:33
you need to pay attention to the color00:17:36
that the bricks take, they do not00:17:39
repent and become from the beginning00:17:41
red then yellow and finally white00:17:44
and in this state they must be kept for00:17:48
about 12 hours so that the temperature is00:17:52
almost 1000 degrees and evenly00:17:54
processes them in the oven for firing is a very00:18:00
interesting device,00:18:02
the fire is lit not under the bricks, but00:18:04
on the side in a pipe where fresh air comes in. As00:18:10
a result, hot air passes00:18:11
through the bricks and comes out of the pipe so that the00:18:15
bricks are fired evenly00:18:17
[music]00:18:19
if you heat them too quickly, the water vapor00:18:22
in the clay will expand and the bricks will00:18:24
just will explode, destroying everything00:18:26
loaded into the kiln,00:18:31
with proper and gradual heating, the00:18:33
kiln will produce 1000 bricks00:18:35
needed to build the wall,00:18:44
it was successful and lasted the whole day, and00:18:47
now new bricks need to be raised on the00:18:50
walls, just like the wall builders in00:18:55
ancient times moved billions of bricks00:18:58
from the kilns to the mountain peaks,00:19:05
transporting so many00:19:07
heavy products from one point to another is00:19:09
not an easy task, just like their distant00:19:13
predecessors, Colin and his assistants00:19:16
carry freshly made bricks00:19:19
on themselves; here, human resources are required;00:19:24
the more people are involved, it is easier for everyone to00:19:27
complete the task;00:19:29
the construction of the wall involved00:19:31
over a million people they worked on00:19:34
stoves, carried bricks and00:19:36
built walls, the working conditions were the same and00:19:41
still unbearable heat in the summer over 4000:19:43
degrees00:19:44
minus temperature in the winter months in the00:19:47
center the rise with bricks people should00:19:51
have00:19:52
died like flies in life it00:19:54
cost nothing the greatest building in the world was00:19:59
erected by an empire that easily00:20:01
sacrificed by their subjects,00:20:12
and these days, researchers are trying00:20:14
to unravel00:20:15
another of the mysteries of the Great Wall:00:20:20
how the Chinese decided where to build a protective00:20:24
wall in our country, since tourists don’t00:20:27
come here, they all ask the same00:20:30
questions, for example, why the wall00:20:32
was built here, are they there, is he there, William00:20:38
studying the area in the area of the wall to00:20:40
try to find the answer to this question,00:20:44
why the wall was built here it becomes00:20:47
clear when looking from the tower, then here is the00:20:50
lowland,00:20:51
then we take according to the data and its peak00:20:55
on top of the wall ramen according to the height of the nearby00:20:59
peaks and we look to the right the00:21:01
wall leaves from the let's tip Namtsy00:21:05
area of that section of the wall, that is,00:21:08
this is the most optimal place for00:21:10
construction,00:21:13
the wall was built in such a way as to00:21:15
dominate the surrounding area,00:21:18
and ours began, although I could not00:21:22
understand why it was necessary to make the wall so00:21:25
twisting, in fact, all of it is made of00:21:29
mushrooms and curvatures far away not accidental, and the00:21:33
ancient Chinese improved their line of fire in the00:21:37
arena only when attacking from the front from00:21:40
the flanks, no one would even think00:21:44
of giving a tribute here, issuing is thrown grabbing00:21:48
[music]00:21:53
the great wall of China followed the00:21:56
terrain, descending into the lowlands and00:21:59
rising to the tops of the mountains00:22:02
[music]00:22:06
distance 150 meters from each other,00:22:10
watchtowers rose above it,00:22:15
three kilometers from the wall, all vegetation was cut down00:22:20
for more effective defense,00:22:22
additional sections were built00:22:26
[music]00:22:30
the wall served as a serious obstacle,00:22:34
but without warriors it was of little use, and00:22:40
then the Chinese00:22:42
that only the walls would be enough00:22:44
to hold back the nomads and all their00:22:47
labors would be wasted in that moment00:22:48
for defense a permanent00:22:51
garrison of00:22:52
experienced warriors was required the construction of a colossal00:22:56
wall posed a new problem for its00:23:00
patrolling a million00:23:02
people were required they needed somewhere to live00:23:05
exploding history history00:23:11
in the 16th century the Chinese built huge00:23:14
sections of the great wall made of brick and00:23:17
cement00:23:19
[music]00:23:20
the wall served as a barrier to the00:23:23
enemies of the empire but for a successful defense an00:23:27
army was required the wall as such was not00:23:31
enough the00:23:33
effectiveness of the wall as a defensive00:23:35
structure depended on the garrison william00:23:39
lense is trying to figure out exactly how00:23:42
the empire stationed an entire army of a00:23:45
million warriors here open to me it seems that this is an00:23:50
experimental section for the future00:23:52
rebuilding of the wall, nowhere else are the towers00:23:56
located so close to each other00:23:59
along the entire great wall, the00:24:02
watchtowers are spaced 15000:24:04
meters apart and that such river towers00:24:07
housed from twenty to thirty00:24:09
Oun warriors in early 17th century sources00:24:12
it is said that for every kilometer of the wall00:24:15
there were one hundred and twenty warriors or this is a00:24:18
fairly large density of troops00:24:21
hundreds of kilometers from civilization where did00:24:24
these warriors live and how did they00:24:26
survive here the answers lie inside the wall the00:24:34
warriors lived in tens of thousands of watchtowers00:24:37
[music]00:24:42
but on the second floor of each tower on stone00:24:44
beds on the floor, up to thirty warriors00:24:47
were kept warm inside by a fire in00:24:49
which coal was thrown,00:24:52
walls 11 meters high and00:24:56
1 meter thick served as protection, and the windows gave an excellent00:24:59
view00:25:00
[music]00:25:01
in the armory room on the floor above, the soldiers00:25:04
received weapons in the event of an attack00:25:08
in these towers and the army was housed that the00:25:11
oars on the wall provide00:25:12
year-round service to the Great00:25:21
Wall of China and its towers of bricks, more than00:25:24
any other structure in the world,00:25:27
restorer Colin Richards is working to00:25:30
restore a collapsed section of the00:25:33
wall, new bricks have already been made,00:25:36
it’s time to start laying they can00:25:40
this mortar can be incredibly away00:25:43
themselves sometimes even stronger than the bricks themselves,00:25:46
the incandescence I have is a photograph of the area where00:25:48
the bricks collapsed and the mortar station00:25:51
really in the great wall there are00:25:53
areas where the cement remained and the bricks have00:25:56
disappeared for a long time and no trace has disappeared over time, the furnaces00:25:59
collapsed over time, but00:26:02
you can be sure that nothing happened to the cement, the00:26:06
composition of the mortar remains a00:26:09
documentary mystery no evidence00:26:11
has been preserved, but Colin heard from local peasants00:26:14
that cement was given strength by an00:26:16
unexpected ingredient.00:26:21
To make sure of this, Colin00:26:23
is trying to break down the old mortar into its00:26:25
component parts.00:26:37
over time, we get several00:26:39
layers of the piles,00:26:41
you can find out what was included in the one00:26:43
used during construction, namely,00:26:47
he leaves the mixture for three hours so that a00:26:49
precipitate falls out00:26:51
and then studies it. Surprisingly, the00:26:55
composition of the solution also contains00:26:57
a lot of filler and there is some kind of chaos for this the00:27:00
collapse of this range is not00:27:03
strong, and that’s why you and00:27:06
the composition of the solutions used a lot of00:27:08
filler and taught it for a reason that the screw00:27:11
cement turned out to be very strong in00:27:14
the solution, various fillers were connected,00:27:17
but the peasants claim that what00:27:19
made the cement strong was nothing more than the00:27:21
presence of rice water in these00:27:25
provinces of China there is plenty of rice, it00:27:27
turned out that adding rice to the solution00:27:29
helps it harden faster and makes00:27:32
it more durable, Colin is trying to make a00:27:36
solution with the addition of rice broth00:27:39
imei code, put it on fire, bring it to a00:27:42
boil and then add it,00:27:48
scientists believe that the strength of cement00:27:50
is given by the content in rice00:27:53
Colin starch is used in their mortar and00:27:55
lime, sand and freshly00:27:57
prepared rice water00:28:02
must be placed in the mortar in such a way as to00:28:04
completely cover the bottom layer of brick,00:28:07
if the mortar is too thick, do not00:28:09
spread it, if it is too liquid, it00:28:12
will flow, so a good mortar00:28:14
requires strict adherence to all00:28:16
proportions,00:28:18
working in this way, the ancient builders00:28:21
erected the wall itself, as well as thousands of00:28:24
watchtowers where the soldiers were stationed00:28:26
guarding the borders of the empire,00:28:31
here, far from the usual way of life, the00:28:34
warriors protected the peace of the empire, William00:28:40
is trying to understand how the design of the wall00:28:43
helped the defender if the enemy managed to00:28:45
climb to the very top if you put00:28:50
yourself in place his Chinese warrior, I, you are00:28:54
standing right here, the00:28:56
attacker, but there is simply no chance of00:29:00
guarding the defenders, the advantage of height,00:29:04
we rise again through the haze, like in the00:29:08
palm of your hand, above his left hand, you have a shield and in your00:29:10
right sword and o00:29:12
or club you are in an ideal00:29:16
defensive position, but00:29:21
there was no defense to hand-to-hand combat alone, the00:29:24
defenders of the empire had a00:29:27
wide arsenal of weapons at their disposal, here00:29:31
there was an artillery gun, it has00:29:34
been gone for a long time, but it was located, this00:29:39
can decide that the00:29:42
defenders had nothing more powerful than this gun, hence the roar00:29:45
from it was a lot, but it puts pressure on the00:29:47
enemy’s psyche, but it takes too long00:29:50
to load its nozzles in a wind of 10, and that is,00:29:55
this is not the most reliable weapon00:29:58
when they needed something more reliable, the00:30:01
warriors turned to another weapon, a00:30:04
much more accurate and dangerous00:30:09
crossbow, this terrible weapon could easily00:30:13
compete with the compound bows of the00:30:15
nomads and the defenders of the empire on00:30:18
the wall was very popular the00:30:23
most powerful00:30:24
individual weapon of a warrior of the00:30:26
imperial army was, of course, a crossbow,00:30:29
I didn’t make the trigger mechanism of00:30:32
the crossbow an exact copy of the old one,00:30:35
it was made of bronze when you cast them00:30:39
in special molds,00:30:41
mass production was established, moreover, they00:30:44
were standardized00:30:45
so that their parts were interchangeable00:30:52
crossbow became the first00:30:54
mechanical weapon in history, each shot00:30:58
took seconds and the shooting accuracy was00:31:02
high; warriors often lubricated the00:31:05
tips of bolts with poisons so that00:31:08
any king became deadly;00:31:12
service towers protruded somewhat00:31:15
forward, so the attackers00:31:17
found themselves under crossfire from00:31:19
neighboring towers00:31:24
and on top of the walls warriors dropped00:31:27
stones on the enemy and fired from guns,00:31:34
but the crossbow remained their favorite weapon,00:31:37
just pull the trigger and the bolt flies to the00:31:39
target; the mechanism operates very easily;00:31:41
no effort is needed; the Chinese00:31:46
established industrial production of00:31:47
trigger mechanisms and made thousands of them; the00:31:51
ease of use of this weapon00:31:54
meant that the crossbowman was my it was possible00:31:56
to do a huge number of people even00:31:58
without special skills00:32:00
when you shoot from a bow you can’t00:32:03
aim for a long time keeping the00:32:06
bowstring in a taut position requires00:32:08
hand strength this is not given to everyone but with a00:32:11
crossbow you can aim for as00:32:13
long as you like and its firing range is00:32:16
decent this is an invention helped the00:32:20
infantry of the Chinese army to resist the00:32:23
nomads from behind the wall,00:32:34
William discovered evidence that the00:32:36
wall was built with the expectation that the00:32:38
defenders would use crossbows, a star00:32:41
crossbow was attached to this hole, this is an ordinary bow00:32:45
mounted on a machine, but we insert this00:32:47
lever00:32:48
into the hole, then pull it00:32:50
back, reload, wait for the next00:32:52
enemy and we shoot but even with00:33:00
crossbows the small garrisons of the Chinese00:33:02
army were isolated in their00:33:04
watchtowers high on mountain00:33:06
peaks00:33:07
or in desert areas as if00:33:11
necessary they asked for reinforcements00:33:15
she recipe bit off the yew that00:33:18
stands on the wall san friend on the horizon00:33:21
three to four hundred horsemen appear behind00:33:23
with which Peng himself lays how to cope with00:33:26
superior enemy forces00:33:29
explorer Richard affair brother00:33:31
is on the edge of the Gobi desert00:33:35
he is looking for evidence of the existence of a00:33:37
channel in communication between the garrisons00:33:39
of watchtowers and how behind this hill00:33:42
lie the ruins of an ancient signal tower and00:33:45
well, the garrison had one task on the00:33:48
island at the very first appearance of an00:33:49
approaching enemy and00:33:51
to raise the alarm, a way was required to00:33:54
notify other garrisons and the approach of00:33:56
nomads and the Chinese used00:34:00
signal flags,00:34:03
because this is an important flag on 5, it means00:34:06
five hundred horsemen and the Soviet one, they have00:34:09
three flags here, that is,00:34:13
one and a half thousand enemies are approaching, this00:34:17
signal system allowed the soldiers of00:34:19
the empire to be aware of the movements00:34:21
of the nomads they replace that the guys on the00:34:24
neighboring towers are not sleeping and see that00:34:27
nomads numbering one and00:34:29
a half thousand have appeared on the horizon if the situation was00:34:32
really serious they also sent00:34:35
smoke signals00:34:37
possession of tactical information was the00:34:39
key to the successful defense of the wall and the entire00:34:42
Chinese empire how to find out about the00:34:46
great wall is also part of an00:34:48
information collection system; it and the wall are constantly00:34:51
growled by nomads in search of a new place00:34:53
to attack,00:34:54
and a warrior is on duty on the wall so that the attack is00:34:57
not missed by the sandars, if anything is reported00:34:59
about it by the sub-chains of signal towers,00:35:04
this system of watchtowers and00:35:06
signal towers was supposed to00:35:08
stretch along along the entire northern border of00:35:10
China until it ends in the waters of the Yellow00:35:13
Sea, the00:35:14
outermost watchtower stands and to this00:35:18
day00:35:23
it is called the head of the dragon.00:35:27
Granite slabs, each of which weighs00:35:30
3 tons, help to resist the pressure of the waves;00:35:33
together they are held in place by metal00:35:36
fasteners00:35:38
and the stone is laid in layers so00:35:40
as not to walk due to the ebb and flow of the tide00:35:43
[music] the00:35:49
stone blocks laid in 9 layers do not00:35:51
succumb to the blow of evil and block the00:35:54
enemy's path in the empire of this tower00:35:57
15 meters high and the great wall ends the00:36:06
great wall and signal towers go from the00:36:09
yellow sea in the east to the western00:36:11
deserts00:36:13
allowing the imperial armies be on00:36:16
the alert all the time00:36:17
south life my wall was constantly00:36:19
on duty with a warrior with bows and crossbows he is00:36:21
ready to release00:36:22
thousands of arrows he is approaching00:36:26
against us but as reinforcements00:36:29
managed to come to the aid of the garrison that was00:36:31
attacked in remote and00:36:34
inaccessible corners by the empire exploding the00:36:39
history of the history that00:36:46
served as defense and the great wall stretches00:36:49
across all of China,00:36:52
well, the question is how reinforcements managed to00:36:57
arrive on time to help the garrison00:36:59
repelling an attack in hard-to-reach00:37:01
areas00:37:02
[music]00:37:05
he is from about one of the most important tasks and00:37:08
warriors in these towers, the00:37:09
place of the throat of observation of cheese, so many lies are00:37:12
noticed on and the alarm signal is sent00:37:15
to the place of the attack00:37:16
reinforcements are in a hurry00:37:20
historian William Lindsay00:37:22
is still in the province north of Beijing00:37:27
he is trying to understand how the defenders of00:37:29
the empire fought defensive battles on the00:37:31
tops of mountain ranges00:37:34
creeps tourists look and say oh00:37:38
well who would attack in such a place00:37:40
photo it is reasonable it really00:37:43
seems completely a hopeless00:37:45
undertaking and the news here is built00:37:50
along the cliff itself, what purpose other than00:37:54
defensive were the Chinese pursuing? They are00:37:56
building a wall in such a place, this is the00:38:00
connecting link that connects the section of the wall over there,00:38:03
this00:38:05
and this defensive structure00:38:09
also serves as a transport artery00:38:12
[music]00:38:17
William believes that the top of the wall served as a00:38:20
road for warriors rushing to the rescue00:38:24
[music]00:38:26
when circumstances required,00:38:28
the wall turned into a road network,00:38:36
this network extended thousands of00:38:38
kilometers to the desert in the west of the country00:38:40
where it performed its last function00:38:44
protecting trade routes00:38:48
[music] the00:38:50
world famous silk road00:38:52
passed through the western region of China it00:38:55
was a connecting thread with the world around us00:38:58
[music]00:39:01
rich art fair brother tries to understand00:39:04
what connected the Silk Road with the Great00:39:07
Wall,00:39:16
like travelers in ancient times,00:39:18
he stocks up along the Huane00:39:24
and how much is it expensive, are you00:39:27
really inexpensive00:39:31
[music]00:39:35
and then he heads to the vast00:39:37
deserted lands Richard is looking for a fortress in the00:39:42
desert00:39:44
[music]00:39:51
that sum of satin00:39:54
[music]00:39:59
on this fortress for more than two thousand years00:40:01
remained in but on the Silk Road00:40:03
it is called Shan matching which translates00:40:06
as a fortress where horses are castrated from this00:40:10
stunning place with high mountains and a00:40:13
river that flows near the fortress itself,00:40:18
it was here that the stallions were castrated00:40:20
before the Chinese and00:40:21
agreed to take two of them for tea, the00:40:28
great wall and the fortresses that stood along it00:40:30
ensured the safety of the00:40:32
trade route00:40:34
[music] the00:40:39
site of the Silk Road was of strategic00:40:41
importance, which is why the great00:40:44
wall and numerous fortresses of00:40:48
foreign traders were erected In their fortresses,00:40:50
the Chinese were reluctant to accept00:40:54
trade, they had nothing, but they understood00:40:58
that any foreigner could turn out to be an00:40:59
enemy spy,00:41:03
so they built fortresses so that00:41:05
one wrong step led to a sad00:41:07
end00:41:11
along a narrow tunnel, here the entrance tower,00:41:15
foreigners found themselves in a terrible corridor of00:41:17
death, its walls formed a labyrinth00:41:21
to pass through through which it was extremely difficult00:41:27
and, bending at right angles,00:41:32
the corridor led out into a cramped courtyard;00:41:37
woe to the foreigner whom the00:41:40
vigilant suspected of fear; on the high walls,00:41:45
warriors with weapons were walking; the00:41:48
entrance to the territory of the empire was reliably00:41:51
protected; the Great Wall of China became a00:41:57
unique defensive structure that00:41:59
allowed the country to neutralize the threat00:42:02
from the north the way the Great Wall00:42:06
runs along the tops of the mountain ranges00:42:08
forces us to admit that this is an incredible00:42:12
structure, literally00:42:14
unique00:42:16
[music]00:42:19
yes, this is the most labor-intensive, unprecedented00:42:22
cost and long-term00:42:25
construction project in history00:42:27
or in my opinion this is a real clearly00:42:34
Alla don’t get me wrong she I I even00:42:36
came up with a saying if you are tired of the00:42:39
great wall about tired of life the00:42:43
great wall protected ordinary peasants00:42:48
along with them and the trade route to which00:42:50
the empire attached great importance the00:42:54
Finns are not here especially00:42:57
alone you feel the course of history from it is impossible to00:43:01
describe the words mustache00:43:03
from the simple land poor walls to00:43:06
insurmountable barriers of brick00:43:08
fortifications00:43:11
to protective structures, death00:43:14
traps and roads across the whole country00:43:18
[music]00:43:19
all together they represent an amazing00:43:22
triumph of military engineering and one of the most00:43:25
amazing structures created by00:43:27
human hands00:43:32
program voiced in a Cyrillic studio00:43:34
text read by Alexey Voytyuk00:43:37
[music]Description:
Мой ТГ-канал — https://t.me/cocmichub ___________________________________________________________________________ Великая китайская стена – самая длинная стена в мире. Она примерно в три раза длиннее Великобритании! Возвели ее при первом китайском императоре Цинь. Однажды некий мудрец предсказал Цинь, что строительство будет успешным, если под китайской стеной похоронить мужчину по имени Ван. Император приказал разыскать человека с таким именем, умертвить его и замуровать в стене. ___________________________________________________________________________ В видео содержится контент, защищенный авторским правом. Я НЕ являюсь правообладателем данного видео. Правообладатель "Discovery International" монетизирует данное видео. -Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. No copyright infringement intended. -I Do Not Own Anything.All the Rights in This Content Belong to Their Respective Owner __________________________________________________________________________
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