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Перечисления в Python (enum)

11:45

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24:32

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28:59

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53:05

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53:16

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python уроки

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программа на python

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python

engineerspock

00:00:00

we have dealt with classes, however, in

00:00:03

python there is one interesting type

00:00:05

with which you can create

00:00:06

specialized classes, and this type

00:00:09

is called to us from the word and well, mirei shin

00:00:12

or enumeration enumeration

00:00:14

is supported by many

00:00:16

programming languages, including those

00:00:17

supported by python. It is interesting to

00:00:19

note that enumeration in the coat not

00:00:21

powerful enough and allow you to do a lot of things,

00:00:24

unlike many other

00:00:27

programming languages in which you die

00:00:29

now they are so flexible in order to

00:00:32

use this type we

00:00:35

borrow it from the library and

00:00:37

well

00:00:38

from an mind import and well, now we

00:00:43

can create an enumeration let's

00:00:47

create an enumeration

00:00:48

and it will immediately be clear what this

00:00:51

class actually is, the enumeration is created

00:00:54

using the class class, let's say traffic

00:00:58

light and this class is inherited from the type and

00:01:04

well, then comes a colon

00:01:06

and then we list the members of this

00:01:11

enumeration and assign them or

00:01:15

associate certain values with them

00:01:18

in in this case, red yellow & green,

00:01:24

the colors of the traffic light, that is, numbers and tires,

00:01:27

allows you to specify a certain set of

00:01:29

values in the form of symbols and

00:01:32

associate some values with them,

00:01:34

most often these are numbers, but generally

00:01:38

speaking, when we inherit seeds from and

00:01:41

we can have not only numbers but

00:01:43

and strings and in general any objects, most

00:01:46

often I repeat, these are still

00:01:48

numbers to refer to the member and

00:01:51

numbering we can refer to in this

00:01:54

way traffic light.

00:01:57

and then the name of one of the values, if

00:02:04

we execute it, we will see traffic light.

00:02:06

n: one if we simply send print

00:02:10

traffic

00:02:12

light red

00:02:15

then we will receive traffic light red we can not

00:02:20

only output traffic light red but also

00:02:22

access the value using the

00:02:26

name or value attribute, that is, we can

00:02:28

enter the name and min name or value

00:02:31

separately for this we can write

00:02:33

print traffic light red further name and,

00:02:41

accordingly, we can also output the value,

00:02:43

you can see here that we output

00:02:46

red and one, you

00:02:49

can also go through the enumeration in a loop for forty in

00:02:56

traffic light colons print and

00:03:01

so we see all the members of this

00:03:03

impression and we can also access the

00:03:06

members of the enumeration through

00:03:13

parentheses, for example traffic light units

00:03:16

gives us red the

00:03:17

first member and we can also access by

00:03:21

name through square brackets the value of the

00:03:26

enumeration can be compared with the

00:03:28

values of the enumeration and accordingly

00:03:31

print

00:03:32

traffic light red equals equal traffic

00:03:37

light red should give true a traffic

00:03:41

light red should not be equal to traffic

00:03:46

light green, for example, by the way, to

00:03:48

pay attention, I forgot to say that

00:03:50

exactly the value is written exactly in the

00:03:54

slot, but as I already said, if we

00:03:58

inherit from and to us, then the value can

00:04:01

be any objects, not only numbers,

00:04:03

if we want to limit possible

00:04:06

values

00:04:07

are numbers and then still be

00:04:09

able to compare them with each

00:04:11

other through less more then we need to

00:04:14

inherit from int n mind

00:04:18

and for this we import from and we

00:04:22

import int n mind we will create a class for example

00:04:29

priority

00:04:30

priority which we inherit from and

00:04:33

in law is equal to one normal is equal to two high is

00:04:39

equal to three that is, I think you already

00:04:43

understand what the numbers and shindo

00:04:46

and numbers lead to

00:04:55

we just have several

00:04:58

named descriptive members with

00:05:01

which a value is associated;

00:05:03

indeed, this is sometimes convenient,

00:05:05

just like with traffic light or priority,

00:05:08

and since we inherited from the antenna,

00:05:10

now we can write write the

00:05:12

expression priority low less than priority,

00:05:16

well, let’s say the norm and get pipes,

00:05:20

but if if we inherited simply from

00:05:23

and well, then this would cause an error. We

00:05:26

can also inherit from the type int flag

00:05:29

and

00:05:30

from treatment and to us from and flick

00:05:32

is that in the case of phlegm

00:05:35

we can combine the value using logical

00:05:38

operators, for example the color class,

00:05:44

and by the way, let's for him vs

00:05:47

frontman import in flac class color

00:05:59

black

00:06:02

colon say equals 1 green equals 2

00:06:14

blue equals 4 and now we can set

00:06:19

combinations for example combination equals

00:06:21

color . red or color green

00:06:32

ok bus harvesters if we output

00:06:34

we get green or red equal to three that is a

00:06:38

logical operator was applied

00:06:40

or to these two values also by the way

00:06:44

we can check the

00:06:46

occurrence of a value in a certain intersection

00:06:50

that is we intersection using or

00:06:52

received we can check is included is the series in

00:06:55

this intersection really included in the

00:06:58

documentation there is a cool example with the

00:07:00

creation and the number is decided concerning the

00:07:03

planets let's look at it the class of

00:07:06

planets is inherited from anne and are declared

00:07:10

but I will declare several planets in total

00:07:12

mercury equals we create heat where the

00:07:18

first value will be the mass 3 303

00:07:23

e + 23 plus 23 is sante fig Natashin

00:07:32

for us it’s not very important 43 97 e6

00:07:41

for example equals 5 976

00:07:48

e + 24 and 6.37

00:07:55

814 e6 well let’s say Ju Peter

00:08:04

1.9 e plus twenty seven seven integer 1492

00:08:12

is seven and we can declare

00:08:19

a constructor here using the familiar and

00:08:22

not and the first two arguments with and radius

00:08:31

they will be correlated with the values of the

00:08:34

heat features we have decided the

00:08:40

possibility of using such a

00:08:43

syntax

00:08:44

radius and we can declare a property

00:08:49

using the property decorator this

00:08:52

calculated value will be which

00:08:54

we simply do not want to use the

00:08:57

conditionally 40 method from gravity falls everything as

00:09:03

usual we are here we will have the function

00:09:07

universal gravitational constant g

00:09:09

equals 667 300 e in minus minus 11 riter

00:09:18

g multiplied by 7 cm c

00:09:22

divided by c radius multiplied by

00:09:28

construction squared radius and now

00:09:33

we can ask planet let's execute and

00:09:40

here we will ask planets . . in or for example

00:09:48

excellent or we can ask the planets cars

00:09:53

surf from gravity everything works fine, that

00:09:58

is, the numbers and tires in concrete,

00:10:01

for example, they are much more interesting than in

00:10:04

some sycharpe that do not

00:10:07

allow you to announce all sorts of

00:10:10

such methods and write such constructions,

00:10:13

but once again if you generally have a

00:10:15

list of logically interconnected

00:10:18

named constants, then it may be

00:10:20

useful to declare something like this,

00:10:22

which can be used to

00:10:25

write clear code and numbering

00:10:28

is created quite often and in my

00:10:31

opinion you can see such an antipater, roughly

00:10:33

speaking, it is not a good approach when instead of and

00:10:35

we decided we use

00:10:39

some kind of string values instead of

00:10:42

creating a strictly typed one

00:10:44

and the number decided for example python has a

00:10:48

built-in open function into which the second

00:10:50

argument is passed a line indicating the

00:10:53

file opening mode and there we

00:10:57

actually pass the line and there we can

00:11:00

pass w р р + b + a a + r b and so

00:11:07

on, a whole bunch of lines when we want to

00:11:11

pass this argument, we have no

00:11:13

clue at all what the possible values are,

00:11:15

but if we could pass as the second value

00:11:17

yes and plus, we can actually pass

00:11:19

whatever we want since this

00:11:21

line

00:11:22

we can just make a mistake and transfer

00:11:24

there whatever we want, but if

00:11:27

it were numbers and buses with

00:11:29

predefined values, then in my

00:11:31

opinion the software interface of this

00:11:33

method would only benefit from this.

00:11:35

I hope it is now clear in what cases it

00:11:37

can be used and we have decided in what

00:11:39

cases it really may be

00:11:41

justified in this lecture I would like to

00:11:48

talk about such an important thing as

00:11:50

code quality, generally speaking,

00:11:54

code quality is determined by different

00:11:56

characteristics and one of the main ones

00:11:59

is readability, the so-called reada

00:12:02

whitewash and and ease of support for my

00:12:05

secret ticket, these are very important things,

00:12:09

poor readability

00:12:10

and difficulty of support are often lead

00:12:14

to all sorts of hidden defects such as

00:12:16

rigidity and bugs, generally speaking, of course,

00:12:22

rigidity, that is, the difficulty of expanding the

00:12:24

software before writing

00:12:26

new code, and bugs are, of course, very

00:12:29

significant shortcomings, but in fact,

00:12:31

readability and ease of support are

00:12:33

in themselves very important characteristics

00:12:36

that are already indicate the quality of the code and

00:12:39

if everything is bad with this, then this becomes the

00:12:41

first step towards

00:12:43

hidden defects appearing such as rigidity,

00:12:46

complexity of software extensions

00:12:48

and bugs, but which there is

00:12:50

nothing to say

00:12:51

in order to create some kind of groundwork that

00:12:54

allows achieving the minimum

00:12:56

code quality The python community

00:12:59

supports a large set of documents

00:13:02

regulating the process of writing code,

00:13:04

which are called pep, short for

00:13:07

python enhancement, about a pause, and by

00:13:11

going to this address

00:13:13

we will see a whole bunch of documents.

00:13:16

I said that this foundation creates a certain

00:13:20

minimum for the actual minimum

00:13:23

code quality, despite the fact that this a

00:13:26

huge number of documents for the

00:13:27

reason that good code quality

00:13:31

cannot be achieved

00:13:32

in fact in large right large

00:13:34

software following there

00:13:37

n-th number of documents the importance of

00:13:39

these documents is undeniable, however, I

00:13:43

just want you to understand that having studied

00:13:46

all these documents, for example, this does not mean

00:13:48

that your programs will never again

00:13:51

contain hidden defects there, and

00:13:52

so on, this is a certain minimum, the main

00:13:57

types are PEP 8, which prescribes the

00:14:00

coding style, that is, it talks about

00:14:03

what the steps should be,

00:14:05

how to correctly name arguments, how to

00:14:08

import modules correctly, well, in short, the

00:14:11

coding style and pep 20 which is called

00:14:14

Mr. Python and taking python which

00:14:18

contains the principles of the

00:14:20

main method the principles of how to

00:14:23

program in Python

00:14:24

let's follow the link and just

00:14:28

look at what we have in general here is this one on the

00:14:31

link that I wrote down python arxiv

00:14:34

pips

00:14:35

and here you can see it Yandex bike

00:14:40

these grief here is the method eps 8 this is meta pepp and the

00:14:46

information zen python refers to this is how

00:14:49

I put the guide for therefore cold here 8

00:14:55

we will open 20 in Russian well 20

00:15:01

is translated for sure it is probably translated into

00:15:03

all languages of the world I don’t know if all pepps

00:15:05

are translated into Russian but most likely

00:15:07

everything, although I could be wrong, I just

00:15:12

almost never read documentation in Russian, but in python the cortex is

00:15:16

so I advise you to read it,

00:15:19

certainly the price of Python cannot be read and

00:15:23

learned, but it seems to come with experience,

00:15:27

that is, you need to keep in mind this very Zen

00:15:29

Python and be guided by it when

00:15:32

writing code, but how to

00:15:35

be guided correctly only comes with

00:15:37

experience because there are no specific

00:15:39

recommendations on

00:15:40

where to use what functions, there are no

00:15:42

specifics here, this is the principles

00:15:44

of programming in the Python language 520 pe

00:15:48

8, this is a fairly large document

00:15:52

that tells you how it’s correct

00:15:55

not to import and put white space is an

00:15:58

expression statements that’s how it’s

00:16:02

correct how not there’s a lot of

00:16:05

examples and so on Peppa I recommend

00:16:10

reading 8 20 this is the basis of the basics

00:16:15

let’s go back to the slides generally speaking

00:16:19

a lot of regulations from these documents

00:16:24

from these regulations checking these the very

00:16:27

requirements can be automated, and everything

00:16:30

that can be automated needs to be

00:16:32

automated, for example, of course,

00:16:36

all the principles of coding for everything, namely

00:16:39

style, where are the indentations, and so

00:16:42

on, well, all this is easily subject to

00:16:44

automatic analysis

00:16:47

and, accordingly, such a

00:16:49

concept as lind appears, roughly speaking, these are

00:16:52

stylistic braids and potential

00:16:55

bugs due to illogical conditions or illogical

00:16:58

passing of arguments really,

00:17:01

in principle, it depends on

00:17:04

how we write the code,

00:17:05

we will talk about this separately;

00:17:07

automated tools that

00:17:09

checkers who check the

00:17:11

quality of the code can detect not

00:17:13

only stylistic pigtails but also

00:17:15

really potential bugs due to

00:17:16

illogical conditions and all this is considered

00:17:18

tapes,

00:17:19

and these most automated

00:17:21

tools that check the code for

00:17:22

stylistic logical jambs

00:17:24

are called battleships and the most

00:17:27

popular are, apparently,

00:17:29

poyling

00:17:30

and flake 8, which is a combination of

00:17:34

battleships pie flakes ration out style

00:17:37

and maccabi also have built-in cylinders

00:17:41

For example, enter the charm share with which we will

00:17:44

speak battleships, like all

00:17:47

automated tools, are good

00:17:49

because they can be configured to

00:17:52

autorun, for example, battleships can

00:17:55

work on the background while typing

00:17:56

code, we will see in the charme share

00:17:59

how to program and in the evenings

00:18:01

it analyzes our code on the fly and

00:18:04

gives suggestions what's wrong where are some

00:18:08

pigtails? It highlights everything for us and gives

00:18:12

text hints

00:18:13

that here you are wrong, you need to

00:18:15

correct it here. This, of course, gives a

00:18:18

huge advantage

00:18:19

when you are developing especially large

00:18:22

software, when amateurs

00:18:26

write some small linker scripts and, of

00:18:30

course, it may not be they have such weight

00:18:34

as in cases when large

00:18:37

teams work there, distributed over large

00:18:39

software, large there are

00:18:42

hundreds of thousands of lines of code, yes there is

00:18:44

software with hundreds of thousands of

00:18:45

lines of code, and when such

00:18:49

large software is being developed, then

00:18:51

absolutely all the tools are used,

00:18:53

absolutely all touring available for

00:18:55

automation of auto checks,

00:18:58

that is, they screw everything up to the maximum,

00:19:00

configure it for auto checks, etc., so

00:19:04

that no bugs slip through, any

00:19:06

means are good for this, also

00:19:09

battleships are configured for autorun and before

00:19:12

minting, that is, before we

00:19:14

send it to the code base, for example,

00:19:18

in git or another the version control system,

00:19:21

the code is automatically launched by

00:19:25

Linder and checks whether

00:19:27

the number of errors has increased, for example, they are

00:19:29

configured differently if you already have

00:19:32

some kind of software,

00:19:34

that is, you got the code from

00:19:36

other programmers and there are a lot of

00:19:38

errors, then usually Linder they don’t

00:19:40

set it up in such a way that chikin does not

00:19:42

occur if errors are found, but

00:19:44

they set it up in such a way that chikin

00:19:46

passes if the number of errors

00:19:48

found by the battleship has not increased, well, there

00:19:51

are different variations and they are set up as

00:19:53

part of Katya new sand you play on the continent

00:19:55

you play for that there is a separate very large

00:19:57

topic about which to remove You can have a separate

00:19:58

video of the course, but it does not relate

00:20:00

directly to programming, it

00:20:02

relates more to infrastructure

00:20:04

things and how projects are assembled, how

00:20:09

they are deep caught, that is, they are deployed,

00:20:11

tests are run, how all this

00:20:13

is configured, and so on, this is how part of

00:20:15

this continues integration, that is,

00:20:16

the process of building software

00:20:19

and often its deployment somewhere on the

00:20:23

target machines is also configured for

00:20:26

autorun or enter and unit

00:20:30

tests are run there and so on,

00:20:31

including battleships and continues integration at the

00:20:35

end it displays either a red light or

00:20:37

green red if an error occurred at least at one stage

00:20:39

green if everything is in

00:20:41

order, that’s what

00:20:43

battleships are and before we look at how the

00:20:46

built-in Void Void or

00:20:48

enter Pai Charnovsky works, it’s very powerful,

00:20:51

let’s see for example how we can

00:20:52

use Palin there is the oldest,

00:20:55

probably well, still supported

00:20:57

Linder one of the most popular battleships

00:21:00

like him you can run a script on

00:21:02

some share and look at the

00:21:06

output,

00:21:08

so let's try to

00:21:10

use Pauline there and set it

00:21:12

on some file with the extension dot

00:21:15

share, I'll run anaconda front and I

00:21:24

can just simply register the poyling,

00:21:27

run the poyling

00:21:28

and feed it, for example, ours a file that

00:21:31

lies along the path c tempo test 06

00:21:42

abstract class with and Bessie

00:21:48

everything we wrote in Joe Peter’s laptop,

00:21:53

it’s all with violations of the coding style

00:21:58

because it’s damn impossible to write differently for those who like to write,

00:22:00

okay, let’s do it and

00:22:04

wait for the answer, just like I said

00:22:08

miracles don’t happen, so poyling

00:22:12

gave us the results of the analysis of our script

00:22:16

written in python, everyone

00:22:20

complains and yes, all his complaints that

00:22:23

begin with c this means coat style,

00:22:26

as it were, the date that this vodka resisted was

00:22:28

violated trading whitespace training

00:22:30

thanks loot

00:22:33

again hehe- hey, this is a warning,

00:22:36

it means a warning, this is a more serious

00:22:38

mistake, I’m an error, that is, it’s with her, and

00:22:48

this is the most serious thing that we have

00:22:50

written there, that is, a description of

00:22:52

what he doesn’t like in general, this is

00:22:57

refactoring for us, which means this is refactoring,

00:23:01

which means that we can change something there,

00:23:02

like the rule of uniformity to

00:23:05

duplication of code, something else

00:23:07

that we can improve there precisely in terms of

00:23:10

refactoring, that is, minor alterations of the

00:23:12

code that do not change its meaning but

00:23:14

make it better, but this again does not

00:23:18

apply to the

00:23:19

coding style these are

00:23:21

guests to exactly how we design,

00:23:23

in fact, the cat is saying that we

00:23:26

can somehow improve the code

00:23:27

structurally, that’s how things are and that’s how

00:23:32

poyling works, the

00:23:34

main battleships work on the same principle and you can

00:23:37

feed

00:23:38

entire projects with a bunch of

00:23:43

source files there from files with source

00:23:45

code and they will accordingly

00:23:48

display to us everything that they consider necessary,

00:23:51

of course, work like this purely in the

00:23:54

console, here something to read is not

00:23:56

particularly convenient; it is much more convenient to

00:23:58

work with battleships, for example in the same share

00:24:00

black or in other ideas in which

00:24:02

the winter is built in and which immediately immediately

00:24:05

shows everything that is wrong and we

00:24:08

immediately correct it without waiting for the formation of

00:24:11

whole heaps of all sorts of unpleasant things

00:24:15

about poyling, you can read in more detail

00:24:18

on poyling ark

00:24:20

here there is complete documentation on how

00:24:23

this whole thing is installed, how to use it

00:24:25

use continues integrations

00:24:28

and so on before we presented

00:24:35

ruim share charm and in general we’ll see how to

00:24:37

use this food eshka

00:24:39

and generally do a little programming in share

00:24:41

charm we need to figure out what the

00:24:44

environment is and before we

00:24:46

figure out what the environment is I

00:24:49

would do the following

00:24:50

at the moment, if you have researched

00:24:52

clearly what the course says, you have an

00:24:56

anaconda distribution kit with a set of

00:24:59

library and interpreter, I suggest

00:25:03

since we will use the

00:25:06

in warm environment and the so-called virtual environment,

00:25:09

I propose to install as if

00:25:12

the system python and it will not be anaconda

00:25:14

not anaconda distribution kit and

00:25:17

standard Python distribution kit

00:25:18

downloaded from python ark and in the next

00:25:21

lecture when we will understand

00:25:23

what the environment is, I will already explain why

00:25:25

we do this and so

00:25:32

python org this is the official python website

00:25:40

here you can go to dou loot and

00:25:43

they will give you

00:25:45

python 374 for windows download the distribution is

00:25:54

actually in mac os and in Linux,

00:25:56

as far as I know, python comes with a

00:25:59

system built-in one, as a rule, by the

00:26:02

way, outdated versions, but our

00:26:06

system one for us now

00:26:08

is essentially anaconda, but we

00:26:11

will use the

00:26:14

standard python distribution as the system one, they are

00:26:16

anaconda because that this is connected with the

00:26:18

virtual environments that we

00:26:20

will build, we will run the installer, you can

00:26:27

add the path to this Python to this

00:26:31

vps interpreter so that you can

00:26:34

work with our system from cmd,

00:26:37

this will not prevent us if we

00:26:40

want to work with the

00:26:42

Anaconda interpreter and its libraries because everything

00:26:45

what we need to

00:26:46

differentiate between these pythons

00:26:49

is that with our system python,

00:26:52

which we also install, we can

00:26:54

work through standard cmd, and if you

00:26:56

want to work with anaconda, just

00:26:57

launch the anaconda front and you will

00:27:00

work with the anaconda environment and if

00:27:02

you run the command python will

00:27:04

launch the

00:27:06

Anaconda interpreter, and if we just go into cmd,

00:27:09

for example, and run the

00:27:11

python command, it will launch exactly

00:27:13

the interpreter that we are

00:27:15

installing now, I’m here to customize,

00:27:19

let everything be, but I just want to do

00:27:26

install for all users and push it in,

00:27:32

let it be program files in the table the

00:27:42

installation is trivial, and plus if, for

00:27:46

example, someone doesn’t download anaconda but

00:27:50

downloads a charm piece, as far as I remember,

00:27:52

charm comes without the actual package and is run

00:27:57

without an interpreter, so Python

00:27:59

Ark will have to be downloaded then the interpreter is

00:28:01

in any case, I think that with the

00:28:04

chapman piece it’s better create a virtual environment

00:28:06

on the basis of the so-called virtual environment,

00:28:11

based on virtual environments,

00:28:13

support for which is built into regular

00:28:15

python in the on account of scam distribution kit,

00:28:18

it is supported, it is supported,

00:28:20

witchcraft virtual environments may not

00:28:26

mean anything to anyone now, but literally in the next

00:28:28

lecture we will start with to understand this,

00:28:30

in short, in combination with pie chapman, let

00:28:33

’s say I recommend using the

00:28:35

regular one, so they are the

00:28:38

anaconda distribution kit, and the installation is

00:28:44

completed perfectly, now if I just

00:28:49

run cnd and say python,

00:28:54

the interpreter should start

00:28:55

fine, but now let’s talk about the

00:29:01

so-called virtual environments,

00:29:03

so about which I have already mentioned in

00:29:06

general, that is considered the program environment, the

00:29:11

program environment is considered to be the

00:29:13

interpreter that is used to

00:29:16

execute the code and the set of libraries, in

00:29:19

general, this is the

00:29:21

program environment, and we will start with where the

00:29:24

packages are installed; the default packages,

00:29:26

for example, via pip

00:29:28

are installed in global

00:29:31

package repositories and if I run

00:29:35

these commands import site site site just

00:29:38

get your site pager via anaconda

00:29:41

via Ju Peter for example then I

00:29:44

will always indicate these are these

00:29:47

paths yes this is exactly it it will

00:29:50

still show in the direction of anaconda

00:29:52

if we installed

00:29:55

system python via python ark

00:29:58

added it to ps if we

00:30:02

run python through cmd, launch the interpreter and

00:30:06

run the import site site site

00:30:08

site get your site soldering jazz these paths

00:30:12

will show where the system

00:30:16

interpreter is installed, I

00:30:19

installed it in c program files at the last step x86 python

00:30:22

37 32

00:30:23

this is a global package repository this is a

00:30:26

global package repository in the first

00:30:28

case from the point of view of anaconda to the

00:30:30

anaconda environment in the second case from the point of

00:30:33

view of system python

00:30:36

thus when we write a program

00:30:39

for example in amateurs and do an import there

00:30:42

packages will be imported from the

00:30:46

global repository packages and

00:30:49

if we are writing a program under

00:30:51

the system python am that is global

00:30:53

its global package repository

00:30:55

in this case they are separated since

00:30:58

these are

00:30:59

different distributions, each

00:31:01

distribution can define its own

00:31:03

global repository when this is where

00:31:06

actually using packages from

00:31:08

global repositories is problematic

00:31:11

actually fraught with consequences,

00:31:12

for example, it doesn’t matter which global

00:31:16

package repository we are talking about anaconda,

00:31:18

if we use or system python,

00:31:21

suppose program a wants to

00:31:23

use package and z version 1 and

00:31:25

program b package z version 2 what to do

00:31:30

if we import packages from the

00:31:34

global repository then we have nothing it wo

00:31:36

n’t work because we can’t

00:31:38

use two packages of

00:31:40

different versions there. The solution is to

00:31:44

isolate programs

00:31:45

or projects using a virtual

00:31:48

environment or so-called virtual; it

00:31:50

will return this virtual

00:31:53

environment itself and consists of a set of libraries

00:31:56

and the interpreter itself,

00:31:59

that is, isolating the program environment

00:32:02

allows in this project, on any project

00:32:05

to which we isolate, use a

00:32:07

separate copy of the interface

00:32:08

and a separate set of packages

00:32:10

including the standard library,

00:32:12

this gives us the opportunity in each

00:32:16

project to use those libraries of the

00:32:19

versions that we want, the

00:32:21

interpreter of the version that we

00:32:23

need and when we update packages in

00:32:27

one virtual environment, packages from

00:32:29

another environment,

00:32:32

or even let there be a global

00:32:34

repository, all of them turn out to be

00:32:35

unaffected by the update of tits and

00:32:38

only the package is updated in the environment

00:32:40

in which we update it, there are different

00:32:43

systems of

00:32:44

these same environments, there is a Vents former

00:32:47

point prohibited from 36 in the status of deprecate

00:32:51

kate from is a new product to the account now

00:32:54

it is a standard way of working with

00:32:56

environments in python built-in

00:32:59

standard library there is a ppf based on

00:33:00

pip there is a conda well actually a

00:33:03

honda honda environment they are just an

00:33:06

anaconda distribution kit more for

00:33:08

those who are involved yes this is science so we

00:33:11

will see how to work pig to you and

00:33:15

also for the reason that Pai Charam is

00:33:18

more friendly to Pig to you he supports

00:33:20

events and pippin second actually but

00:33:23

I somehow had problems when I

00:33:25

set up a

00:33:27

virtual environment in Pai Charam through the

00:33:29

kund some errors arose I then

00:33:32

dad the forest started googling, got into the support with the

00:33:36

top charmo, it turned out that someone

00:33:38

also had the same problem and the

00:33:40

support had a funny answer like, why are

00:33:43

you doing this until all the time and surrounded you don’t

00:33:45

use it as a share chapman is best

00:33:47

Vents well, kind of strange actually in fact,

00:33:49

the answer is because if you already

00:33:50

support three environmental systems, then

00:33:53

well, in general, then you fix them,

00:33:54

support them, but unfortunately I

00:33:57

had a lot of errors there, that’s why

00:33:59

I would still

00:34:02

use Ven in the general case, I would

00:34:06

use Evens and Neil covered the grandmother

00:34:08

but we’ll see how you

00:34:10

can use venach without share

00:34:12

charmo through the console, that is, we’ll just

00:34:15

look at the basics of what happens,

00:34:17

how we use venach, how a

00:34:21

virtual environment is created, let’s see what is

00:34:23

created there in the folders,

00:34:25

and so to create a virtual

00:34:29

environment through aries, I’ll launch cmd and

00:34:35

execute command therefore d.sm

00:34:45

with this argument you need to run ven and

00:34:48

after ven you and well, if we

00:34:52

want to create in the current directory giving engineer

00:34:54

spock for example in this case we can just

00:34:57

come up with a folder name for

00:35:00

this virtual January for which we

00:35:02

create for example

00:35:06

ven test

00:35:13

enter and wait a little

00:35:22

now let's see what's going on in the

00:35:25

Jenner Spock scene,

00:35:29

our screw test folder

00:35:32

has been created if we go into it we

00:35:35

will see here the following

00:35:36

directory structure include or a script and according to vin

00:35:40

cfg

00:35:41

well cfg is a configuration file basic

00:35:48

means that here in the include folders there are detention

00:35:51

facilities heads for compiling

00:35:55

Python packages, now it’s true that the folder is empty,

00:35:58

or there is a copy of the

00:36:01

Python interpreter with a folder

00:36:04

site package where dependencies are installed,

00:36:06

and the script contains files with

00:36:12

which we can manage the

00:36:14

virtual environment, in particular in

00:36:17

order to launch a

00:36:19

copy of the interpreter from this

00:36:21

virtual environment and work

00:36:23

with it and, for example, install packages

00:36:27

in this particular virtual environment,

00:36:28

first we must activate it and for

00:36:30

this we must launch assets bad for

00:36:34

this I can run a vein test

00:36:39

script assets it bad after activation we

00:36:46

can launch the python interpreter

00:36:49

or install packages with using pip and

00:36:51

in all cases we will run all

00:36:55

these commands specifically in relation to our

00:36:56

activated

00:36:58

virtual environment, so from

00:37:01

now on we can quite easily

00:37:05

work with this

00:37:08

virtual environment with the help of some of our favorite tools, and after

00:37:11

we have worked with it we want

00:37:13

switch to some other virtual

00:37:15

January, we need to make de assets and

00:37:20

then we kind of disconnect from this

00:37:24

virtual environment and switch

00:37:26

to another one that we need, and if

00:37:32

we suddenly decide to move to another

00:37:33

project

00:37:35

and well, let me remind you that projects are

00:37:38

currently recommended everything should be carried with

00:37:40

virtual environments,

00:37:43

let's activate it again and using the

00:37:49

pip list command, let's see what

00:37:52

packages we have installed here in this

00:37:55

virtual environment, let's try to

00:37:58

install, say, a flag and see again

00:38:08

that we have a flask here,

00:38:12

accordingly, now if we start

00:38:15

the interpreter and let's say import flask that

00:38:21

command will be successful, we will

00:38:24

import the module perfectly, this is of

00:38:35

course just the most basic

00:38:36

demonstration, in fact there are a

00:38:43

lot of tools for working with virtual environments and I would be in your place

00:38:46

if you want to manually manage this whole thing

00:38:51

and not use, for example, chapman pie

00:38:53

where most of this whole routine is

00:38:56

automated, then perhaps it would be better to

00:39:00

decide for yourself, for example, what

00:39:02

to use again, vents or pet and piping,

00:39:05

because after all, it wraps veins and

00:39:08

piping and you don’t have to fool around with the

00:39:11

romance textile river

00:39:13

where all the dependencies are recorded separately

00:39:16

in your project and so

00:39:20

then there is a

00:39:21

wrapper you need in order to

00:39:24

easily switch between different

00:39:25

virtual environments and well, there are a number of

00:39:29

commands for simplified work with

00:39:31

many

00:39:34

virtual environments, so there are

00:39:37

many tools for working with

00:39:41

packages of virtual environments and

00:39:43

we, of course, will not analyze them all here

00:39:46

we can just wanted to demonstrate the

00:39:49

meaning of what a virtual

00:39:52

environment is and more or less how it

00:39:54

works and actually showed that it

00:39:55

really works, that we activate

00:39:58

the environment and that’s where

00:40:01

we install the package, and again, don’t

00:40:05

forget to deactivate the virtual

00:40:07

environment before switching to

00:40:09

some then another thing is to install

00:40:11

packages in another place and use

00:40:13

another copy of the python interpreter, but we

00:40:18

move on to a more serious tool

00:40:20

and look at how to work with

00:40:24

chapman pie, one of the most powerful

00:40:26

IDs for programming in the

00:40:29

python language, and so we begin to

00:40:33

use a very serious idea for

00:40:36

development to go no and I’m here

00:40:40

showing you the site jetbrains dot com

00:40:42

because the developers of this hole share the

00:40:46

charms with jetbrains

00:40:47

generally speaking I’ll say right away to be honest

00:40:50

no one paid me for this

00:40:53

if anyone might think that this is an

00:40:54

advertisement for jetbrains then no it’s not so not

00:40:57

I just want to say that besides pie

00:40:59

charged brains, there are actually a lot of

00:41:02

excellent tools and they will make the

00:41:07

coolest shortness of breath in general in the world, at

00:41:10

least in the one in which we exist, they have the

00:41:12

coolest and you give to for java

00:41:15

which is called int or Jay's idea,

00:41:17

by the way, in it also has a community

00:41:19

version, they have the coolest feature for the

00:41:24

java script webstorm, the coolest idea

00:41:26

for the sysharp raider, which is now being

00:41:30

very actively developed, it’s still new,

00:41:32

they have the coolest plugin, essentially

00:41:36

raider, only built-in visual studio,

00:41:39

this is Richard Pere’s plugin for knitting studio,

00:41:43

yes you're flu and df kind of sql databases they

00:41:46

have a ton of tools in general and I'm

00:41:48

such a big fan of

00:41:52

jetbrains tools that in fact I have

00:41:54

a license for all of their products they

00:41:57

have such a license,

00:41:59

let's go to the target and see

00:42:05

what they have here they have a tool box of

00:42:08

scripture means here for the organization

00:42:10

for individual user but I have frenzy john

00:42:13

use yes I just buy myself an

00:42:16

annual subscription to absolutely all

00:42:19

products and all the products are here they are this is a

00:42:22

whole list oh yes and chic this is a separate

00:42:25

dot on this study visa tim tools there

00:42:28

they have that city for continues in the

00:42:31

creation of and other things they have a tracker

00:42:35

there to track bugs and stuff like that, well,

00:42:40

this stove is above them, they have a new section here

00:42:41

by the way, you can take a look before,

00:42:43

maybe you will be interested and their prices are

00:42:46

actually very affordable,

00:42:50

I have an all products pack, roughly speaking, this is the

00:42:52

third year there, and in fact I

00:42:55

pay ten thousand rubles a year, but at the current exchange

00:42:57

rate for 2019 in September it

00:43:01

turns out to be 10 thousand a year, this is of course for

00:43:03

those who

00:43:04

Well, he really lives by programming, and in

00:43:07

one sense or another, he

00:43:09

constantly teaches programming or

00:43:12

programmid there, and he just writes programs

00:43:15

all the time, to be honest, even when the

00:43:18

company provided me with a license for the

00:43:22

tools that I needed,

00:43:24

I still had all the products Pak

00:43:25

Tatyana just switched to it a long time ago

00:43:28

prodexpo I don’t care at all I absolutely

00:43:30

needed to learn something there,

00:43:33

some language jetbrains has everything for everything

00:43:35

for everything so I

00:43:38

’ll actually use the pro version of Pai Charmo

00:43:46

just about us Odessa charm is the

00:43:49

coolest toy in my opinion for

00:43:52

development in python and accordingly

00:43:56

we’ll do it down here you can

00:44:01

download the community version but there will be

00:44:04

problems with development for example under

00:44:07

such fry standards as djanga it’s

00:44:10

really problematic so I’m planning to

00:44:14

expand this course most likely a

00:44:16

section on working

00:44:21

with django will be added with this figure server website

00:44:24

programming and I plan to use

00:44:27

the finger because I’m very used to it,

00:44:29

and

00:44:31

unfortunately the support is only in the

00:44:33

pro version. The only thing I can

00:44:36

immediately recommend is that when

00:44:39

you study the course, in principle, you can

00:44:41

buy a monthly subscription, for example, it’s

00:44:43

not expensive at all there, in the region of 1000

00:44:46

rubles,

00:44:47

this is enough to take the course,

00:44:49

in fact, in principle, you can find a

00:44:52

cracked version from all sorts of trackers and other things

00:44:55

that really work, but it’s just that it’s

00:44:58

not a T-shirt, as they say in

00:45:01

English, I don’t recommend such

00:45:04

methods and I don’t like piracy

00:45:07

but in principle, I know that in fact,

00:45:13

companies like

00:45:15

jetbrains they mainly

00:45:18

make money, of course, from corporate

00:45:19

subscribers, so I’m not strong,

00:45:21

for example, I myself am kind of angry at those who don’t

00:45:25

buy a license, but somehow and

00:45:29

others are not very at least legal

00:45:31

it doesn’t reach very well, but to be

00:45:33

honest, I didn’t think it was very strange, it’s

00:45:35

not very scary when it’s done

00:45:37

for individual use,

00:45:39

it’s not that deadly, but with me,

00:45:41

of course, they may not agree to this, some kind of

00:45:44

compromise, especially if you’re just

00:45:46

studying,

00:45:47

then even more so as if you do

00:45:48

n’t make money from this and still

00:45:50

want to study the charm share in more depth,

00:45:53

the community won’t work either and you

00:45:56

will need a professional version, if

00:46:00

you exclude django and take the rest of the

00:46:02

course, then the community will work just fine, you don’t

00:46:05

need a license, just do it here

00:46:07

gave it an itch and install using the nyx nyx

00:46:10

nyx method, roughly speaking, well, I’ll install the

00:46:13

professional version of myself,

00:46:16

I started downloading, and

00:46:21

accordingly, I’ll come back when it’s

00:46:22

over and show you the

00:46:25

installation process, in case you also

00:46:27

decide whether to install the professional version in a legal or illegal

00:46:31

way

00:46:33

and so I downloaded the installer,

00:46:39

I’ll run it,

00:46:45

install it along the standard path that is

00:46:48

suggested to me, create an association of spy

00:46:53

scripts and make it so that by

00:46:55

default it will open the software and scripts.

00:46:58

We probably don’t need anything else here. I don’t

00:47:01

need it. Charm installed successfully, I’ll

00:47:07

check the box, let’s go and I’ll do

00:47:10

the finish, you can close everything, so I had a

00:47:18

version of Pai charmo there, I just deleted it

00:47:23

to show you this whole

00:47:25

installation, although in fact it was

00:47:27

completely trivial, I won’t

00:47:28

import the setting here, we’ll do everything

00:47:31

in a new way, we’ll configure it now, so

00:47:35

here we can select the dark theme street

00:47:39

dark or light light

00:47:43

dark street is selected by default and as I understand

00:47:45

it is still more

00:47:47

popular among developers, although some prefer

00:47:50

light well, in fact, in some conditions

00:47:52

elite is more preferable,

00:47:59

I just want to personally support

00:48:02

mark down and click launch

00:48:14

so, to create a new project you need

00:48:17

to click on crit not project, you can

00:48:20

see that here we can create

00:48:22

projects of different types including django

00:48:24

flask farming and so on, and perhaps in

00:48:28

this lecture we will not create the

00:48:31

project directly, we should have even

00:48:34

stopped a little earlier after all I’ll

00:48:36

probably break this down into different lectures:

00:48:38

installation and already the creation of the first project,

00:48:40

so in the next lecture we will continue

00:48:46

so we continue we create a new

00:48:50

pure Python project without any frameworks

00:48:53

and here we write the path in which a

00:48:58

new root folder will be created for

00:49:01

our project,

00:49:03

let’s call our first project first project

00:49:07

and we will reveal the settings here, these settings

00:49:11

relate to the virtual environment,

00:49:14

here we can select the type of this

00:49:17

virtual environment virtual and even if I

00:49:19

can do I have already said that I prefer to

00:49:21

use virtual for you and the lakin

00:49:25

location for the virtual environment will be

00:49:29

like this, respectively, the first project is

00:49:31

added to it daddy venakh basic

00:49:34

interpreter you can see that according to the

00:49:37

thermobar there are already three

00:49:38

anaconda system interpreters which we

00:49:41

have installed and the interpreter

00:49:44

and connected the student I have visual studio

00:49:48

also installed on my machine but I

00:49:50

prefer to use the

00:49:52

interpreter downloaded from python arc en

00:49:55

and accordingly this interpreter

00:49:57

will be copied to ours

00:49:59

it in our virtual environment here,

00:50:03

as a rule, you don’t need to set anything, you

00:50:05

can then just click craig and

00:50:10

wait a little

00:50:14

here by the way, all sorts of good

00:50:18

tips on how to use the software and

00:50:20

chapman, you don’t have to turn them off right away,

00:50:23

run through them a little read and

00:50:26

roughly speaking you are actually In fact,

00:50:28

you will immediately learn a lot about charme, how to

00:50:30

use it, all sorts of keyboard shortcuts,

00:50:32

and so on, I will expand it to full screen,

00:50:40

here in the left window we have the project structure

00:50:47

in the vents folder, you don’t need to add your scripts, it’s

00:50:51

better to create a separate folder,

00:50:59

or just add scripts here,

00:51:03

well it all depends on the actual

00:51:05

size of the project we are talking about, as a

00:51:08

rule, everything is divided into folders,

00:51:10

sometimes it’s quite complex

00:51:11

hierarchical structures are not not too

00:51:14

usually complex, but sometimes there is nesting of

00:51:16

1 to 2 folders, still the maximum, probably they

00:51:19

can also be added to the root

00:51:23

files, we can simply add

00:51:26

a directory, name it with arci,

00:51:29

and add scripts directly here, so

00:51:43

we have created the first piece of script and we can

00:51:48

write something here, let’s say it

00:51:54

will be hello world, we can go to the

00:51:58

run menu, or so to speak, is there a run

00:52:03

more than

00:52:04

f10 here and when our configuration is still

00:52:10

empty

00:52:11

when we have not indicated which script to

00:52:13

start executing the program with as the top

00:52:15

charms asks which one will offer us

00:52:18

programs, in fact, for the simple

00:52:20

reason that we are the only program you can

00:52:23

see here, that the configuration has changed,

00:52:25

we have now added the

00:52:27

launch configuration of our project, which In

00:52:31

fact, here goes configurations says

00:52:33

that the script is with,

00:52:36

that is, start execution of the program from

00:52:38

this script,

00:52:39

and now when we can now we can

00:52:44

without shift without without alt and shift and in 10

00:52:47

if we want to run our project

00:52:50

using the current configuration it says about the current

00:52:52

configuration run from

00:52:53

programs, we can simply use the

00:52:55

combination shift f10 and we see the output

00:53:02

right here with

00:53:03

hello world charms,

00:53:16

well, let's try to implement a

00:53:19

hangman game, I'll create it, well, in theory, you

00:53:24

can actually create it inside, let's

00:53:26

create a separate folder, I

00:53:29

'll call it hangman that is, to have fun and the

00:53:35

main files we will have two,

00:53:38

roughly speaking, client code and, roughly

00:53:40

speaking, game logic, this time we will

00:53:43

clearly separate everything from making a

00:53:45

separate class that will deal

00:53:48

only with logic, that

00:53:50

is, we will put into practice the so

00:53:53

-called principle of separation of

00:53:54

concerns, that is separation of duties

00:53:57

or responsibilities between classes I

00:54:01

will create a file here in

00:54:03

Python I will call it day so what we will

00:54:11

do is create a class which we will call

00:54:13

day it will define a constructor

00:54:21

it will accept the number of allowed

00:54:23

their misses they will call this argument

00:54:26

allowed Mrs and let's

00:54:29

use this you it will be an integer

00:54:31

by by default is 6

00:54:36

if the Mrs. laut that was passed to us is

00:54:38

less than five or and the Mrs. laut is more than

00:54:45

eight

00:54:46

then we will throw an exception in or yuras we will say

00:54:53

number of low to miss from Shubin between

00:55:01

five and faith something like this still

00:55:10

breaks the spears between programmers in

00:55:13

there let's say such languages like Java Sysharp

00:55:15

and the power supply themselves on the topic of whether it is necessary to

00:55:21

hide it, make it conditionally private, yes,

00:55:24

with two underscores my attributes

00:55:27

that we do not want to be directly

00:55:30

visible to the client code, that is, a

00:55:33

more pita low approach is without

00:55:37

the need to hide everything in a row in the

00:55:40

client code code,

00:55:41

although this is a bit

00:55:46

presumptuous, that is, we hope

00:55:50

that we are all smart adults and

00:55:53

no one will interfere

00:55:55

when we make the attributes private, but

00:55:59

we want read access, then we will

00:56:01

need to declare a property property

00:56:03

that will be simple return the value

00:56:06

from the attribute, but in this case the code

00:56:09

becomes much more complex and

00:56:11

lengthy, let's make it

00:56:13

a little more complicated, let's do it

00:56:16

with properties and then I

00:56:21

'll create our attributes using

00:56:26

double underscore laut mrs equals

00:56:31

loudness then we need to create it

00:56:37

also

00:56:43

makes sense to make the thrice count attempt counter private because the

00:56:45

external code does not have the right

00:56:47

to modify it,

00:56:49

unfortunately, often the external code does

00:56:52

not have the right to modify anything at all,

00:56:54

so in all sisharpa hijabs the

00:56:57

properties are made in very short notes,

00:57:00

they are very convenient to use,

00:57:02

we also need to touch what were

00:57:05

Tribal tires letters have been tested, we

00:57:11

will have a list, we will also keep a list of

00:57:19

undiscovered

00:57:21

beech letters and we will also touch the game status,

00:57:30

game status, and the tire number, an

00:57:34

enumeration with the name game status,

00:57:37

initially it will be equal to not start at,

00:57:42

so I would create a separate file for and

00:57:51

number solved game status so there

00:57:56

will be a class game status here we have him

00:58:02

mirei shin well and which ones will be here

00:58:07

equals 1 lost equals 2 in progress in

00:58:14

progress

00:58:15

this is our 3 and not start of 4

00:58:25

so the Linder is yelling that other reishi must be

00:58:28

imported, import everything ok,

00:58:31

by the way, in order not to fall into the cross, here's

00:58:35

how to do it: hold shift and

00:58:36

poke anywhere on the obi and it will be

00:58:39

closed. Such a tricky thing. Well, here we

00:58:43

need to do an import,

00:58:46

so what does he not like, but how is this all

00:58:50

nonsense?

00:58:52

let's move on, what do we need? Well,

00:58:55

yes, and actually we will have the

00:58:58

word itself, the word itself, while it will be empty,

00:59:03

well, the first method that comes

00:59:05

to my mind is the method of generating the word jennie

00:59:09

reid art, so we will use a static path that is already

00:59:17

predetermined to go into the

00:59:19

dictionary I have words x words

00:59:23

that means the path will be

00:59:26

relative to the date it’s called

00:59:31

worlds stock rus the text

00:59:38

needs to be added to the project we’ll add it now that

00:59:43

means the list of words is declared open the

00:59:48

file file name encoding utf-8 and line

01:00:05

by line but it’s not too big

01:00:07

so we just proofread everything

01:00:12

word up and

01:00:15

we don’t do this kind of trimming for a

01:00:20

carriage return to a new line, well, how do we

01:00:24

select a random word from the list, well,

01:00:27

generate some some

01:00:31

number rand index equals random

01:00:38

imported

01:00:39

rand int from 0 to to the length of

01:00:48

this list itself minus 1 so as not to exit beyond

01:00:52

the borders, probably something like this, and

01:00:55

it turns out that the generated words

01:01:00

will be equal to worlds according to the

01:01:04

Yandex Rand index, so we get

01:01:07

randomly generated words with open

01:01:13

indices, we will have

01:01:18

absolutely everything by default, which means we will write down the fall for

01:01:27

all indexes in the list about the indices

01:01:30

everywhere we will put down the fall, well, simply how we

01:01:34

generated the words the status of the game is in

01:01:40

progress and we return the words it looks like the

01:01:53

truth

01:01:54

let's before we forget add the file to

01:01:57

our project so we will have an embedded I

01:02:04

folder data

01:02:07

and we need to add a file to it I will open

01:02:14

explorer I

01:02:21

copied the file and paste it here

01:02:25

it looks something like this,

01:02:35

here we have it, we need to

01:02:39

give the client code the ability

01:02:41

to guess the letter, and this means that we

01:02:43

need to roll out a method, well, let's call

01:02:48

it get better get summer,

01:02:52

and it will accept it, we

01:02:56

will have the type str,

01:02:58

by the way, in jennie reid word we didn’t

01:03:01

specify that we return string it’s

01:03:07

done like this in the case of no face in the

01:03:13

case of acid we return and trouble

01:03:25

by fire, that is, there will be lines for us,

01:03:30

well, realistically, we will have separate characters there

01:03:32

and what we will do here

01:03:36

is first of all to protect ourselves from calling

01:03:40

when it is impossible when it is

01:03:43

impossible when the number of attempts is

01:03:45

exhausted for example, respectively, if

01:03:48

thrice count and I propose to read

01:03:53

exactly our attributes by properties,

01:03:58

this means that we need to file such

01:04:00

such a property as whole from a swarm of three scouts

01:04:03

without two underscores and loudness with

01:04:07

too wrap up, well, how to do this, let's

01:04:12

immediately get distracted by this matter and roll out

01:04:15

all the properties that are needed, which means we'll create

01:04:20

property

01:04:23

df,

01:04:24

which means the game status of the current one will be

01:04:27

returned because he sat down game status still

01:04:38

property we will return words

01:04:45

more property will

01:04:50

return and Laut Mrs.

01:04:57

the same for thrice cauter

01:05:03

everything we all what we achieve in this

01:05:05

way is to limit access to external

01:05:08

code to our attribute external codes

01:05:12

can only read the value but not

01:05:14

change them, at least from the kondachka in

01:05:17

order to change the value in private

01:05:21

attributes you need to get out there in a special way

01:05:24

until let’s say We are also

01:05:27

rolling out the property

01:05:32

trident PC, but it will return and it will not

01:05:39

just be a list of dads of the tried letters, but

01:05:42

the return will be sorted by them

01:05:45

so that it is easier for the user to understand

01:05:47

which letters he has already tried to enter,

01:05:52

so we will pass the sort function to trident apc.

01:05:57

We also need to roll out a property for

01:06:01

convenience that will called the

01:06:03

remaining

01:06:04

thrice computable property, the so-

01:06:07

called one that will calculate the

01:06:10

belt and ncd rice by doing a simple

01:06:12

calculation up to loudness minus sat down

01:06:17

troy scout so while everything is gis liter

01:06:23

we continue, which means in this case

01:06:29

if we have from the chirp the number of

01:06:31

attempts then we raise

01:06:33

an exception and I like the exception everything

01:06:37

sharpei and which is excited in such

01:06:38

cases in the poet there is no such exception,

01:06:42

as if the purpose here p is not particularly suitable

01:06:46

because our exception should

01:06:49

indicate by the type itself that in general the method

01:06:51

cannot be called at the moment, that is, it is

01:06:55

impossible to execute the method in principle

01:06:58

at the current the state of the object and for

01:07:01

this purpose, here are all the shards, for example, there is a type

01:07:04

disabled operations exception, we will now

01:07:09

create it, and say here excited

01:07:13

when x

01:07:16

Mrs. we would like laut, that is, this is allowed, this is what

01:07:25

glues the class, well, let’s

01:07:32

create a class, it is inherited from

01:07:35

exceptions everything I pressed control alt

01:07:42

shift and it brings up the reflector ds menu.

01:07:44

if you want to directly apply

01:07:46

any refactoring while standing with the cursor

01:07:49

somewhere before on something you want to apply

01:07:51

refactoring, for example, you even forgot the walkers,

01:07:54

for this you can always use the

01:07:57

alt shift control and

01:07:58

Pai Charam will always show all the available

01:08:01

refactorings, I actually wanted to do

01:08:03

husband and send it to a separate file so

01:08:07

he offers tu-tu

01:08:11

January operations execution great

01:08:24

so where we stopped here

01:08:27

now everything works fine also this

01:08:31

method cannot be called if the game status is

01:08:34

not equal to in progress

01:08:36

well I can only guess the letters if

01:08:39

I’m playing progress, so we must also

01:08:43

protect ourselves from this, in general, if not in

01:08:52

progress, then we need to throw out the

01:08:56

disabled operational exceptions, please

01:08:59

note that I am using the so-

01:09:00

called Homs channel feature here, that is, I typed the

01:09:03

first letters of the words that make up our

01:09:09

type of disabled person, primary execution and share

01:09:11

charm I filtered it in such a way that

01:09:13

now you can just make auto complete

01:09:16

very convenient, I use it, you use it as

01:09:18

if this feature is constantly also, well, let’s say

01:09:21

here inappropriate and on the raid state as

01:09:27

of game current such and such, well, let’s set up

01:09:36

a flag here with which we will

01:09:38

touch was there an open letter, if a

01:09:41

letter was open, then we don’t need to

01:09:44

increment thrice to under thrice by

01:09:46

morning, only if more than

01:09:48

one letter was not guessed

01:09:50

according to the windows, we don’t call falls

01:09:53

and immediately create a result that we will

01:09:57

return, and we check whether it was necessary

01:10:01

at least one letter for i in range according to lin

01:10:07

sellsword the

01:10:14

current leader in the water will be equal to

01:10:18

sellsword

01:10:20

according to this index if the Kurli

01:10:25

coincides with the summer that was given to us

01:10:28

from the outside, that is, with the one with the letter that

01:10:32

the user entered

01:10:33

there and in about indexes according to this index

01:10:40

we put a corpse that is, the letter is open, well,

01:10:43

if at least one letter was open to

01:10:45

open and the flag does not become true in any case,

01:10:53

well, here we check if the experience of the indexes

01:10:59

on this is true there and embedded it,

01:11:05

we add the current liter of the current letter,

01:11:12

otherwise we add

01:11:17

a dash there

01:11:20

on this we exit the loop and if the experience is

01:11:28

not still false, that is, the letters

01:11:31

were not specified, none of the letters were

01:11:33

open there and thrice cautery

01:11:36

is incremented, and don’t forget that in

01:11:45

any case, the three of us

01:11:47

laters add the flour that

01:11:52

the user entered,

01:11:54

and here too again, we check if the

01:11:58

user has guessed all the letters, but we

01:12:00

can create a separate

01:12:02

auxiliary method here, roughly speaking,

01:12:06

private ones that are also not visible to the client

01:12:09

code, and here we will decide in a simple loop to go through the

01:12:16

open

01:12:19

index, if at least one of them is a fall, it

01:12:27

means that the user has not won yet,

01:12:30

but what if we haven’t returned the falls, which

01:12:34

means everything is open and we can

01:12:37

safely return true,

01:12:39

we come back here and check if

01:12:43

sorry ng returns true to we transfer the

01:12:48

game status to victorious

01:12:58

and if thrice counter is equal to loudness

01:13:12

then we transfer the game status status lost

01:13:24

means lost and so far, offhand, it seems to be

01:13:29

here everything seems to be the only thing that is

01:13:35

probably property on, you can also

01:13:38

add

01:13:40

types if we really want to go all the way,

01:13:44

and if we use to find and use it, then

01:13:46

it’s best to use them everywhere. By the

01:13:51

way, you can move between methods

01:13:52

and properties using alt and the

01:13:56

alt arrows, you see alt down alt up is also

01:13:58

convenient

01:14:05

by the way, here with should not pass this is

01:14:08

from riders and

01:14:13

we have 3 bolts from tear

01:14:17

and here we have an integer so let's create a

01:14:35

file called auckland well, let's start right on the

01:14:40

floor game is equal to game we generate words well,

01:14:46

by the way, we need to import

01:14:49

this way we generate words game jennie reid

01:14:56

word

01:14:59

viscount let's create here for simplicity this is

01:15:02

our city line and display something to

01:15:06

the user

01:15:07

let's say in word consists of

01:15:16

letters the count letters consists of talc

01:15:20

then the letters three guess the word order buy

01:15:32

better try to guess the word letter by

01:15:36

letter and while the

01:15:40

game status is equal to in progress,

01:15:47

by the way, it would be possible

01:15:50

to create a property there also in the game class of type is in

01:15:54

progress,

01:15:55

which, by the way, would be

01:15:56

preferable because this

01:16:01

comparison is the same logic, this is also

01:16:02

some kind of explicit knowledge about that

01:16:04

what the game status should be, well,

01:16:06

this is really not so important, but

01:16:09

nevertheless, I would also push this into the game, well,

01:16:13

we ask for input from the user, peak

01:16:19

l, it would be kind, select a letter and

01:16:28

we will try to call the acid accordingly

01:16:32

before passing the tattoo, which is what

01:16:36

the user entered

01:16:37

here and here we have a list

01:16:41

whose elements are letters and

01:16:44

carts, in theory it was possible to immediately

01:16:48

form a string, in principle,

01:16:50

let’s create some

01:16:53

auxiliary method here, call it chars

01:16:59

sheet that page

01:17:05

comes chars and do return joy, the

01:17:12

whole thing is simple we glue it

01:17:19

into a string,

01:17:25

by the way, now that we

01:17:28

have covered everything with type kents, the external code

01:17:31

here writes something calls a function,

01:17:33

you can call control q and see if a

01:17:36

liter is a type str,

01:17:39

yes, that is, we will not pass the wrong

01:17:42

type there when we know everywhere where what

01:17:44

types are written

01:17:47

where what types are expected excellent print

01:17:55

Charles that is and or and we pass it there it’s

01:17:57

super and we also display the remaining

01:18:06

thrice here you have the remaining thrice and

01:18:16

we display for the convenience of the user the letters

01:18:21

that he tried in sorted me well,

01:18:23

so you know how in a field of miracles it didn’t

01:18:25

work when people

01:18:30

choose the same letter ten times because I do

01:18:35

n’t remember, they said that accordingly, we

01:18:39

will make life easier for the user of trident

01:18:42

PC and when we exit the file

01:18:48

to fix it, display it here, let’s say if the

01:18:52

game status is lost, then we’ll say

01:19:02

you’re hanged your hand

01:19:10

and of course, so as not to scoff, let's say

01:19:13

what word was d'Ivoire duos

01:19:18

game world such and such, otherwise

01:19:26

the word was whatever so users

01:19:29

know what word they can just

01:19:31

say

01:19:32

congratulations and one super so let's

01:19:40

change the launch to line TP ah yes By the

01:19:43

way, this is the same kline pie omate is

01:19:54

probably not the same and the trouble here is from the

01:19:56

collections

01:20:07

this is the taipan which was here she is, so let’s

01:20:13

launch it like this for the word consists of five

01:20:19

letters straight from dice divor glitterboy

01:20:20

liter so let’s assume that dad is still somewhere there is a

01:20:25

mistake canon join in and trouble

01:20:30

and we didn’t return anything here we forgot

01:20:41

re-therm we’re here but the pendel and yes, it

01:20:45

turns out return trident riders like this

01:21:01

again, by the way, well,

01:21:06

wait, let’s stop for fun until

01:21:09

control slash commented on the line I

01:21:13

didn’t pay attention to the Linder he actually told us,

01:21:17

you see, the intern said that in general there is

01:21:19

no return here, I didn’t pay attention to this,

01:21:23

but we don’t have it configured either, so for

01:21:25

example, it would be impossible to run via

01:21:26

kalender

01:21:27

there, the inter is indignant, they are not

01:21:30

indignant anywhere else, no, it seems like nowhere, let’s

01:21:33

launch then 1 liter is silent, then most

01:21:37

likely everything is fine,

01:21:44

but I have the feeling that we

01:21:46

are displaying the state somehow poorly, somehow

01:21:49

incorrectly, we don’t have it, we

01:21:54

always have it equal to it, it’s not, it’s not troit

01:21:59

letters,

01:22:00

Lord, we don’t have it, but returned it we

01:22:02

have three volleys here, so we’ll eat here, let’s

01:22:04

go, here we are, up and

01:22:08

doing it, I hit it, I reported what

01:22:13

they say, of course we’re just

01:22:16

returning rizal here,

01:22:17

we’re just going back, cut it off, but the

01:22:20

battleship won’t catch it, of course, what can I

01:22:22

say, I even suggested adding

01:22:31

description so let's start again

01:22:34

now everything should be really

01:22:35

normal o I guessed two letters and the

01:22:39

belt remains on the track 6 o there is no such

01:22:44

letter k there is

01:22:46

no such letter l there is no such letter so r there is

01:22:56

no such letter p p I lost all the words

01:23:05

it was magma it turns out but you can

01:23:07

actually add here that like, would you like to

01:23:09

play again so that it’s convenient

01:23:11

so that you don’t have to restart

01:23:13

the program every time, so let me

01:23:17

win your own tree-stick game

01:23:19

and o k k you guessed l

01:23:24

so that’s n no e p about and kleshko oh

01:23:39

my gosh lyashko what a cruel thing it is no

01:23:44

here I don’t know anything until

01:23:47

I win out of 10 letters

01:23:49

I don’t care but maybe it’s easier to just be

01:24:02

stunned 2 2 attempts left so the strategy is

01:24:13

won one attempt

01:24:20

left well That’s just when big

01:24:22

words like 10 letters are usually

01:24:24

easier to guess, but when they were four

01:24:26

letters or 5, it’s more difficult, well, I’ll

01:24:30

tell you honestly, maybe here I

01:24:33

wasn’t able to demonstrate it everywhere, I want to

01:24:36

say that when behind the scenes I

01:24:40

wrote this code myself, I first

01:24:43

tried to write it

01:24:45

without type hand of, to be honest, I somehow

01:24:47

got used to Beijing there in principle, they are paid and

01:24:50

you know, even with such a simple

01:24:53

example, I constantly jumped from the client to

01:24:58

gameboy to see the report of where it was

01:25:01

transferred to where what type and of course, but

01:25:05

it’s not comparable, it’s incomparably easier to

01:25:08

actually use any kind of

01:25:10

api

01:25:11

that prescribes types that

01:25:14

prescribe types, this is of course a good thing, and there are

01:25:18

fewer errors, Linder

01:25:21

discovers this whole thing, the main thing is

01:25:24

to look at this matter in time, yes,

01:25:28

so when you use chapman’s dad

01:25:30

do not forget to look at what

01:25:34

the leader advises and what he finds because

01:25:36

often he shows all the trivial

01:25:39

errors that lead to the roof in the wound

01:25:43

t'aime

Description:

Данный курс на YouTube - сильно укороченная (демо) версия полного курса, который вы можете приобрести на stepik (с карточкой из РФ) или Udemy (с карточкой не из РФ) Купить полный курс на stepik: https://stepik.org/course/97054/pay?promo=YOUTUBE - скидка 30% по ссылке Купить полный курс на udemy: https://www.udemy.com/course/bestpython/?referralCode=38707CDAA07B6E109517 Все курсы от EngineerSpock: https://offer.engineerspock.com/ Подпишись на канал в Telegram: https://t.me/engineerspock_it Подписка на Boosty: https://boosty.to/engineerspock Донаты на развитие: https://pay.cloudtips.ru/p/1f080f72 Чат питонистов в Telegram: https://t.me/python_devs Ссылка на репозиторий в GitHub: https://github.com/EngineerSpock/Python-from-Zero-to-Hero --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Изучаем язык программирования Python. Это именно тот язык с которого стоит начинать изучать программирование. Уроки по Python покрывают все основные возможности языка. На курсе масса домашних заданий и чат в телеграме, где общаются уже более 4500 студентов. Вы напишите множество программ на Python по ходу курса. Курс подойдёт как для новичков, которые никогда не пробовали программировать, так и программистам, которые хотят вникнуть в новый для себя язык программирования. Короче говоря, если вы не знаете как стать программистом с нуля, этот курс по пайтон с нуля - для вас! 00:00 Перечисления в Python (enum) 11:45 Введение в линтеры (linter) 24:32 Установка "системного" Python 28:59 Виртуальное окружение (venv, virtual environments) 40:31 Установка PyCharm 48:45 Создаём проект в PyCharm 53:05 ДЗ "Виселица" 53:16 Разбор ДЗ "Виселица" Подпишись на канал https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTk5fSXUF_05q8U-Jx4uyLQ?sub_confirmation=1

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