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00:00:02

will talk about electrical

00:00:04

fuses. These are usually

00:00:06

small parts that can be found

00:00:08

in many electronic devices.

00:00:10

Perhaps someone thinks that there is nothing to

00:00:13

talk about here. fuses.

00:00:14

fuses are nothing interesting, but

00:00:16

friends, there is nothing interesting in electronics

00:00:19

and even simple ones. It

00:00:21

seems to you that fuses are not so

00:00:24

simple, because there are

00:00:26

many types of fuses, for example,

00:00:29

self-resetting

00:00:30

thermal fuse automatically, and

00:00:33

each type has its own

00:00:35

operating principles and interesting

00:00:38

nuances. In general, today we will have something to

00:00:41

talk about. You have found yourself on an

00:00:43

entertainment and educational channel about

00:00:44

Haydev electronics My name is Nikolay

00:00:46

Divnev And today we will have something interesting,

00:00:52

probably many have encountered such a

00:00:54

problem, you need to urgently find an answer to

00:00:57

some question on the Internet, you write

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your question to a search engine and instead of a

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specific answer you get a whole

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article that you need to read for about 15 minutes,

00:01:05

now you can save your time with

00:01:08

Using the Yandex browser, the Yandex gpt neural network

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will summarize the main ideas of the article and

00:01:14

retell them in the form of abstracts. To take

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advantage of this feature, open the

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article and find the retell briefly button in the address bar. The

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Yandex neural network will make a brief summary of the entire

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text and you will quickly get an answer to

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your question using a brief retelling you

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can quickly delve into a large

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number of articles and prepare for a topic

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for study And in addition, a brief retelling

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can be shared And thereby help

00:01:39

a friend not to read the whole article.

00:01:48

in the

00:01:51

description

00:01:53

a Indeed, why are

00:01:56

electrical fuses needed? what is

00:01:58

their raison d'être?

00:02:14

This prevents, for example,

00:02:17

equipment breakdown. But this is all in theory.

00:02:19

Every electronics engineer knows that in the event of a

00:02:22

short circuit, the entire device burns out first,

00:02:24

and only then

00:02:26

the fuse deigns to break the circuit.

00:02:29

Why does this happen? Well, for example,

00:02:31

because all modern devices

00:02:32

use microcircuits in which it is

00:02:35

enough to fail a small

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pulse of increased voltage and

00:02:40

For example, if there is a zero break in the network

00:02:42

and a 380 volt socket appears, the

00:02:44

fuse will not react at first

00:02:46

and the microcircuit will immediately

00:02:49

fail. And by the way, about a zero break and how

00:02:51

380 or more can appear in the socket,

00:02:54

we have a separate video if you are interested

00:02:56

look, but if the fuse does not

00:02:59

protect the equipment, then why is it needed at all,

00:03:01

and I’ll tell you, it is very necessary for

00:03:04

fire protection, let’s consider the situation,

00:03:07

let’s say there was a zero break in the socket,

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380 volts appeared and the increased

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voltage broke the gate of the transistor,

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which is located in the power supply and which

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pumps the primary the winding of the

00:03:19

transformer and the transistor are stuck in the

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open state. Yes, the microcircuit has already burned out

00:03:24

and the transistor has broken, the

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power supply has already failed, but a very large current flows through the

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broken transistor and the primary winding

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and everything will definitely

00:03:34

catch fire and a fire will happen, now I’ll show you

00:03:36

again

00:03:38

That’s how

00:03:40

and that’s how since a fuse saves us from this situation,

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before a

00:03:45

fire happens, the fuse will definitely

00:03:47

have time to break the circuit and what happens is the

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fuse can save us from the

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fire. But the equipment will be ruined, but

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this is also not entirely true. Firstly,

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such a short circuit can happen that the

00:04:00

increased voltage and large currents

00:04:02

will bypass the sensitive elements and, in

00:04:04

general, after eliminating the short circuit and replacing the

00:04:06

fuse, everything will continue to work.

00:04:08

Also, even now fuses

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are used in conjunction with other

00:04:12

devices, for example with florists or

00:04:15

suppressors, which increase the chances of the

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equipment surviving in case of some kind of

00:04:19

network malfunction, but to

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sort it all out Let's look at the

00:04:23

types of fuses.

00:04:28

This is the most

00:04:30

common type of electrical

00:04:32

fuses and is probably familiar to all of you.

00:04:34

They come in a variety of shapes,

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sizes, and designs. But they are

00:04:39

united by one principle of operation: a

00:04:41

fuse is a thin

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conductive wire, usually made of

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pure metal or alloy, in an

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electrically insulating housing with two

00:04:50

electrodes. between which

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this wire is stretched inside the housing, the

00:04:54

fuse is installed

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in series with the

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electrical circuit it protects and its

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operation current is selected so

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that it is the weakest link in the chain.

00:05:05

This means that the rated current of the

00:05:07

fuse must correspond to the

00:05:08

maximum possible current consumption

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flowing in this circuit while the current is in the circuit

00:05:14

does not exceed the rated current of the

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fuse; the thin wire of the

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fuse heats up moderately and

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the heat has time to dissipate from it. When a

00:05:22

fault occurs in the circuit, the current in it

00:05:25

increases higher than the rated current of the fuse;

00:05:27

the wire begins to

00:05:29

heat up more strongly because the metals

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from which the fuse wire is made

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have a positive

00:05:35

temperature coefficient of electrical

00:05:37

resistance. This means that when the

00:05:39

temperature is exceeded, the resistance

00:05:40

increases and due to the increasing

00:05:43

resistance the wire

00:05:46

heats up even more, the heat no longer has time

00:05:48

to dissipate and it melts,

00:05:50

thereby breaking the electrical circuit,

00:05:53

this process occurs like an avalanche and

00:05:55

ensures the speed of the

00:05:57

fuse. The rated current of the

00:06:00

fuse depends on the material of the

00:06:01

wire insert and on its cross-

00:06:04

section, fuses and fuses are used

00:06:06

everywhere; they can be

00:06:08

found on the boards of various devices

00:06:09

designed for surface mounting

00:06:12

in the form of lead-out components; in

00:06:14

cars, special plug fuses are used;

00:06:17

even in good old traffic jams, there are also

00:06:20

ordinary fuses and fuses; by the way, in

00:06:23

power supply networks where there are high

00:06:25

voltages and currents They use special

00:06:27

plastic and gas-generating

00:06:30

fuses that extinguish the

00:06:31

electric arc that occurs

00:06:33

inside the fuse when the circuit breaks.

00:06:36

The fuse usually

00:06:38

indicates the rated current at which it will

00:06:40

operate and sometimes also indicates

00:06:42

the voltage up to which

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this fuse can be used, it

00:06:46

should be understood that the fuse

00:06:47

only protects against increased current and if

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the voltage indicated on it is exceeded,

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the voltage will not work; it only

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indicates that when the

00:06:56

fuse trips, if it worked without

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exceeding the voltage indicated on it, an

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electric arc will not occur; in order

00:07:03

for the fuse to protect against

00:07:05

increased voltage, you need to assemble a

00:07:06

circuit using floristors or

00:07:09

suppressors like Since such circuits

00:07:11

are now found everywhere, for example,

00:07:13

in almost all switching power supplies there is a

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florist that, if the

00:07:17

voltage is exceeded, will sharply drop its

00:07:19

resistance and close the circuit to the

00:07:21

fuse and burn it, thereby

00:07:24

trying to save the power supply from the

00:07:26

increased voltage.

00:07:27

Nowadays power supplies, especially those with not very

00:07:29

high power, melt the fuses

00:07:31

are becoming less and less common, mainly in

00:07:34

modern technology you can find the most self

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-recovering fuses, a

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self-restoring fuse

00:07:40

or pptc, like a fuse, a fuse

00:07:43

is designed to protect the circuit in which it is

00:07:45

connected from an increase in the current flowing through

00:07:48

it. But unlike a

00:07:50

fuse, it is not a disposable

00:07:53

self-restoring fuse; it

00:07:54

consists of a special non-conducting

00:07:56

current of a polymer mixed with

00:07:59

carbon black at room temperature, the

00:08:01

polymer is crystallized and the

00:08:04

carbon in it forms current-conducting

00:08:06

chains, the resistance in this state

00:08:08

of a self-healing

00:08:10

fuse is quite low and it

00:08:12

conducts current well. If a current

00:08:14

begins to flow through the fuse

00:08:16

more than the nominal value indicated on it, it

00:08:18

will begin to heat up and at a certain

00:08:20

moment the polymer goes into an amorphous

00:08:22

state and increases in size

00:08:24

because of this, carbon chains begin

00:08:27

and Resistance increases due to the

00:08:30

increase in resistance the fuse

00:08:33

heats up even more and therefore

00:08:35

increases in size even more and

00:08:38

conducts current even worse at some point It

00:08:40

stops conducting altogether and breaks the

00:08:42

chain after tripping the polymer

00:08:45

crystallizes again and the carbon chains

00:08:47

are restored

00:08:49

self-resetting fuses are

00:08:51

ready to work again However, not everything is as

00:08:54

ideal as it might seem at first

00:08:55

glance the first disadvantage of a

00:08:57

self-resetting fuse

00:08:59

can be considered the response speed, it is

00:09:01

not as fast as a blowing

00:09:03

fuse the second disadvantage

00:09:05

is the dependence of speed and current

00:09:08

operation from the ambient temperature.

00:09:10

After all, if the fuse is

00:09:12

initially warmed up, then the energy needed to

00:09:14

operate must be spent less;

00:09:16

because of this, the fuse will operate at a

00:09:18

lower current and in less time, and

00:09:21

vice versa, when the ambient

00:09:23

temperature decreases, the operation speed and

00:09:25

operation current increase. Another

00:09:27

disadvantage is that

00:09:29

self-recovering fuses

00:09:31

are not are high-voltage not so

00:09:34

long ago, the voltage at which it was possible to

00:09:36

use a self-resetting

00:09:38

fuse was limited to tens of

00:09:40

volts. Now, of course, there are already

00:09:42

fuses that can be

00:09:44

used with mains voltage, but there are

00:09:47

no really high-voltage options; well, self-resetting

00:09:51

fuses are not eternal after the first

00:09:53

tripping; the resistance of a cold

00:09:55

fuse does not become the same it

00:09:57

increases slightly and continues to

00:09:59

increase with each operation

00:10:01

until it completely fails. But

00:10:04

despite all these shortcomings,

00:10:05

self-recovering fuses have

00:10:07

become quite widespread

00:10:09

in electronics. The following

00:10:11

type of fuses that we simply

00:10:13

must consider are

00:10:15

thermal fuses; such fuses

00:10:17

operate and break the electrical

00:10:19

circuit not from increasing a certain current

00:10:22

from increasing a certain temperature,

00:10:24

they are usually used in a

00:10:26

variety of heaters on irons and

00:10:28

ovens. In general, in places where

00:10:30

electricity acts as a heater

00:10:33

and an uncontrolled increase in temperature can

00:10:35

lead to a fire, of course in such

00:10:37

devices there are already all sorts of thermal relays

00:10:39

that control the temperature of the

00:10:41

device and regulate it adjustment,

00:10:43

but in the event of a thermal relay failure, it is the

00:10:45

thermal fuse that takes on the

00:10:48

role of an emergency switch; also, such

00:10:51

fuses are used in network

00:10:53

transformers,

00:10:54

electric motor windings and other places in

00:10:56

electrical appliances. Where under normal

00:10:58

conditions there should be no heating, but in the

00:11:01

event of an accident, severe

00:11:03

heating of thermal fuses may occur in addition to the

00:11:05

value The nominal current passing

00:11:07

also indicates the temperature value at

00:11:09

which the fuse will operate. It

00:11:11

is the temperature rating that is decisive

00:11:14

for the selection of such a

00:11:15

fuse, and the current indicated on it

00:11:17

only indicates what current

00:11:19

this fuse can be guaranteed to

00:11:21

pass without destruction.

00:11:23

Thermal fuses come in two

00:11:25

designs. The first design is usually

00:11:27

exactly used in circuits of the primary

00:11:30

windings of transformers, the design of

00:11:32

such a fuse is very similar to

00:11:34

fusing fuses, only instead of

00:11:36

copper or steel they use a more

00:11:37

low-melting metal, which

00:11:40

melts from the external temperature in

00:11:42

case of overheating of the protected device;

00:11:44

also in the case with this low-melting

00:11:47

jumper, a substance is placed that

00:11:49

acts as a soldering flux, forcing the

00:11:51

molten remains of the jumper

00:11:53

roll up into balls on the contacts,

00:11:56

leaving no room for

00:11:57

electric current to flow, another type of

00:12:00

thermal fuses is distinguished by a slightly

00:12:02

more complex device but also a higher

00:12:04

current flow;

00:12:06

two springs work in such a fuse and

00:12:08

when the response temperature is exceeded, the

00:12:10

polymer insert melts, causing the springs to

00:12:13

move the contact

00:12:15

plate and the circuit breaks. Such

00:12:18

fuses as I said, they

00:12:19

are used in devices where heating

00:12:21

is part of the operating state, but

00:12:23

overheating can lead to a fire.

00:12:28

In addition to the types of fuses discussed above,

00:12:30

they often include

00:12:32

automatic circuit breakers about such

00:12:34

circuit breakers about how

00:12:36

they work. How they work we talked about the

00:12:38

video about home electrical

00:12:40

safety, be sure to watch then the

00:12:42

video is quite important, especially

00:12:44

if you have electricity at home, such

00:12:46

machines are not installed on a specific device,

00:12:48

but on a group of sockets, for example, but in the

00:12:51

devices themselves, they also sometimes install

00:12:52

something like automatic switches;

00:12:54

this is an electronic circuit for current protection;

00:12:57

such circuits are more complex than a simple

00:12:59

fuse and have the possibility of

00:13:01

reusable use, but at the same time

00:13:03

their complexity means that they

00:13:05

can also fail and therefore they are

00:13:08

often used together with simple,

00:13:10

good old reliable

00:13:12

fuses as a backup

00:13:14

protective device. As they say, there

00:13:16

is never too much safety. If you

00:13:19

liked our video today, then like and

00:13:21

subscribe to the channel

00:13:23

Write in the comments if you had any

00:13:25

fuses trip and the

00:13:27

fuses saved your devices from

00:13:29

burning out Or, as usual, everything burned out first

00:13:31

and only then the fuse also

00:13:34

Many thanks to all the sponsors who

00:13:35

support the production of our

00:13:37

content on boost, now the

00:13:39

end screensaver with video has appeared on the screen

00:13:41

that will be interesting to you So I’m

00:13:44

not saying goodbye to you, but I’m inviting you to

00:13:46

our other videos, where you’ll meet, all the

00:13:48

best, friends

Description:

Нейросетевой пересказ статей в Яндекс Браузере: https://clck.ru/35r4yQ Сегодня поговорим об очень важной детали в электронике, о предохранителях. За кажущейся простотой этого элемента скрывается множество разновидностей предохранителей, которые работают по разным и интересным принципам, в этом видео во всем этом разберемся! 💪 Поддержите канал на Boosty: https://boosty.to/hidev 📟 Моё оборудование: https://www.hi-dev.ru/ali/moe-oborudovanie ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂ ▽ ТАКЖЕ ПОСМОТРИТЕ ▽ ► Про автоматический выключатель: https://youtu.be/Fzhvqd3mmJA ► Обрыв нуля: https://youtu.be/ij47qyNQ-dI ► Сопротивление и закон ома: https://youtu.be/uDQwKtkXV-0 ► Плейлист для начинающих любителей электроники: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1s3wneoR_-on-07THWG5GFEZ-_mm-Pd2 ► Плейлист электронные компоненты: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1s3wneoR_-oFrVECwCTUjGf_HB5dpnZX ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂ ▽ СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ▽ 00:00 — Интересные предохранители 00:51 — Как быстро вникнуть в тему? 01:53 — Зачем нужны предохранители? 04:27 — Плавкий предохранитель 07:27 — Самовосстанавливающийся предохранитель 10:11 — Термопредохранитель 12:27 — Автоматический выключатель ▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂▂ ▽ КОНТАКТЫ ▽ ▶ Дзен: https://zen.yandex.ru/hidev ➦ Наш сайт: https://www.hi-dev.ru/ ☺ Группа в ВК: https://vk.com/hidevru 🤝 По вопросам рекламы: [email protected] #предохранитель #fuse #hidev

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