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наука

физика

математика

биология

познавательно

научпоп

популяризация науки

авиация

лайфхак

авиаперелеты

вихри

индуктивное сопротивление

клин

перелетные птицы

винглеты

законцовки крыла

экономия

конкурс

00:00:02

glad to welcome you to my channel and this is a

00:00:04

special issue 5 together with the

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company aviasales their planes planes

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how we love them

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because they literally in a matter of hours

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can take us to distant warm

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lands with palm trees and the sea, but that was of

00:00:24

course the case not always, for example, in the middle of the

00:00:27

last century, one of the longest

00:00:29

flights in our country was Moscow

00:00:31

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and it lasted, just

00:00:34

imagine 58 hours, during which time

00:00:38

the plane made h9 intermediate

00:00:40

landings,

00:00:41

now this distance can be

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covered in just over 8 hours, and

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this is in 7 times faster, of course, this became

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possible thanks to a bunch of inventions

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that made airplanes faster, more

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reliable and more economical,

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and among them there are such clear and

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familiar ones as turbojet engines,

00:01:00

retractable landing gear, sealed cabin, but

00:01:03

there are also less obvious ones that are not

00:01:06

immediately noticeable, but I think you

00:01:09

noticed that on At the ends of the wings of some

00:01:12

airplanes, these small

00:01:14

vertical wings are installed, they are called

00:01:16

winglets, but I wonder why they are

00:01:20

needed. Of course, they do not reduce

00:01:21

flight time by 7 times, but this is a really

00:01:24

cool aviation lifehack that allows you to

00:01:27

reduce fuel consumption and it works in a

00:01:30

very clever way.

00:01:31

Moreover, in the game you allow understand

00:01:34

why migratory birds fly in a wedge formation and

00:01:36

why in order to fly faster sometimes you need

00:01:39

not to increase or decrease the engine speed,

00:01:42

let's look at all this in detail,

00:01:45

so fasten the seat belts on the back of the seat, bring the

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flight to a vertical position,

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and if we are talking about saving money, then the first

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thing you need to talk about is aviasales.ru

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with which you can save

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money on travel and time when searching for the

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cheapest air tickets, the

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system analyzes

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offers from hundreds of airlines for free and

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offers the most profitable option for you

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and is cheaper than buying a ticket on

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aviasales, you can only win it; right

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now, as many as one

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miss your chance,

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follow the link in the description to

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light up all the lights on the Aviasales Christmas trees

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and take part in the

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drawing of

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these 100 tickets of good luck, but let’s return to

00:02:33

physics, how does the eye save fuel,

00:02:36

look, when the plane is in

00:02:39

the air, several forces act on it

00:02:41

gravity, the force of air resistance, the

00:02:44

thrust of the engines, and of course, the most

00:02:47

important thing is the lifting force, without it,

00:02:49

flying would be somehow more boring, probably,

00:02:52

and if you don’t go into details,

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it arises in flight over the wing, an

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area of low pressure is formed, and

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this pressure difference raised it up

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and creates lift, but at the

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same time there are side effects, see

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if there is no film of cells at the end of the wing,

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then air from the area of high

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pressure

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will be able to flow from the side to the area

00:03:15

of lower pressure, so at the end of the wing

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the air seems to swirl and

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two large vortices are formed behind the plane

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for us they are absolutely useless because they do

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not help in any way in the movement of the aircraft;

00:03:27

on the contrary, they even interfere, because

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part of the energy of movement is spent on their creation

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and it turns out that these are losses that

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need to be minimized; this is exactly why

00:03:38

winglets were invented, I think

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you already guessed,

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they do not allow air to flow from the bottom

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side of the wing to the top and a

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vortex is formed completely; this

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effect cannot be removed; a small vortex

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still breaks off at the very tip of the

00:03:53

winglets, but still it is much smaller,

00:03:55

so the profit is in

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this go when the glide is still a small

00:04:00

wing and the oncoming flow

00:04:02

creates lift, the truth is directed

00:04:05

it’s not up, but to the side and a little towards the nose

00:04:08

and look how we have two

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component forces whose components are directed

00:04:13

forward and we can say that we have

00:04:15

two more small

00:04:17

absolutely free engines straight from the

00:04:20

air that really help in

00:04:23

moving forward and this is the energy that we

00:04:25

have lost to create vortices now

00:04:28

works for us,

00:04:29

well, cool, with the help of winglets we can

00:04:31

reduce fuel consumption by 5-7 percent,

00:04:35

which in our time of widespread economy is a

00:04:37

very worthy result, the only thing

00:04:39

that some people look at and patented and

00:04:42

manufacturers hang other winglets on the ends of the wings in

00:04:45

their aircraft like

00:04:48

this or like this or even like this, however, despite the

00:04:51

external differences, the principle of operation and

00:04:54

efficiency they are essentially the same,

00:04:56

it would seem there are so many advantages and such a

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small detail is just some kind of panacea,

00:05:01

but you need to understand that any endings are

00:05:04

not such easy things and with them

00:05:06

installation, the

00:05:07

wing is strengthened and the increased mass can

00:05:10

negate any savings, but this does not

00:05:13

stop some aviators and they

00:05:15

get carried away with the dimensions so much that they

00:05:18

even close the wing on both sides,

00:05:20

look, such an

00:05:23

oval hole can really take off,

00:05:26

however, such rings are plans beyond

00:05:29

experimental models so far they have gone

00:05:31

Moreover, winglets work effectively

00:05:33

only in cruising modes when the

00:05:36

plane flies for a long time and persistently over a long

00:05:38

distance,

00:05:39

but on takeoff and landing they, on the contrary,

00:05:41

interfere with the plane with the winglet and are

00:05:44

blown away more strongly by the side wind, which complicates

00:05:46

control and increases consumption, so

00:05:48

winglets are truly effective in

00:05:51

long-term flights. On intercontinental and

00:05:53

transcontinental flights, they

00:05:55

fly for one and a half to two hours, and by the way, the

00:05:57

vortex at the ends of the wing

00:05:59

was first noticed not by a person, but by migratory

00:06:01

birds,

00:06:02

look carefully in which direction

00:06:04

they spin into the air behind the birds

00:06:07

if

00:06:08

behind and slightly to the side to be high it will

00:06:11

fly from below and naturally people

00:06:13

become it’s much easier since birds in a

00:06:16

long flight line up one after

00:06:18

another for centuries of each other and form a

00:06:21

familiar wedge, so there is more and more evidence

00:06:23

that ducks are not as stupid as

00:06:26

we think,

00:06:28

and finally the most interesting thing

00:06:31

turns out to be in a certain range than

00:06:33

The higher the speed, the lower the fuel consumption.

00:06:36

Seriously, in order to fly faster, you need to

00:06:40

reduce engine speed, but how is it that

00:06:43

engine power is spent on

00:06:45

overcoming resistance,

00:06:47

which in the case of flight can be decomposed

00:06:49

into several components;

00:06:50

there are components that,

00:06:53

as we are used to, increase in speed,

00:06:55

well, everything is clear, the

00:06:57

faster the faster It’s more difficult to fly through the thickness of

00:07:00

the air, but there is a component

00:07:02

called inductive drag and in

00:07:05

a dream everything is quite the opposite, look,

00:07:07

if the simplicity of a wing piercing into the air at

00:07:11

high speed throws it down,

00:07:13

this is another simplified explanation for the

00:07:15

emergence of lift, the wing is, as

00:07:18

it were, repelled from the air and it

00:07:20

rushes in the opposite direction

00:07:22

direction according to Newton's third law,

00:07:23

but what is important is to the left and right of the plane in

00:07:27

the air, no one touches it, it can be

00:07:29

said to be at rest and friction arises

00:07:31

between it and the plume of air thrown

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down, and friction is always a loss of energy,

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this is inductive resistance, this is

00:07:41

another explanation of how it arises in a whirlwind, a

00:07:43

powerful stream of air carries a

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stationary air with it, twisting it, it is the

00:07:49

inductive drag that is reduced by

00:07:51

the winglets, but still why does it become

00:07:54

larger

00:07:55

if the speed decreases? Everything is

00:07:57

relatively simple: the lower the speed of

00:08:00

the aircraft, the slower the air is thrown

00:08:03

down and the less lift is created,

00:08:06

so in order not to fall the plane

00:08:09

lifts up a little the nose throws out

00:08:12

more air so that the lifting force is enough to

00:08:15

stay in the air,

00:08:16

but more

00:08:17

air flow leads to the emergence of

00:08:19

more powerful vortices and, as a result, an

00:08:22

increase in inductive drag and

00:08:24

look, if you depict all the components of drag on a graph and

00:08:26

add them up, then

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at some speeds than the higher

00:08:32

the speed, the more power will be required

00:08:34

to overcome this resistance,

00:08:36

but at some speeds it’s quite the opposite,

00:08:38

and if you want to accelerate in a

00:08:40

certain speed range, you

00:08:42

will need to reduce the power, slightly

00:08:45

lower the nose of the plane, and then it will

00:08:47

accelerate on its own, it looks like

00:08:51

science fiction, but we- then I understand that this is pure physics,

00:08:54

as you can see, sometimes the laws of aerodynamics

00:08:56

can lead to a very unusual

00:08:59

consequence, and I’m even afraid to imagine

00:09:01

how many non-obvious little details

00:09:03

designers and engineers still have to discover,

00:09:05

and who knows, maybe

00:09:08

the planes of the future will look completely

00:09:10

different, with its bottoms we will only

00:09:13

laugh and this everyone, like, subscribe to

00:09:17

this channel, don’t forget to put

00:09:18

the bell on so you don’t miss new

00:09:20

releases, look for me on social networks and thank you

00:09:23

for watching

00:09:24

[music]

Description:

Выиграй 100 билетов с Aviasales: https://www.aviasales.ru/ Я в VK: https://vk.com/pobedos Я в Instagram: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Подписывайся на канал, чтобы не пропустить новые выпуски: https://www.youtube.com/user/physfrompobed?sub_confirmation=1 Винглеты - законцовки крыла, которые являются красивым авиационным лайфхаком. Зачем они нужны? В чем их смысл? Как физика работает в полете? Зачем перелетные птицы летают клином? И почему иногда, чтобы лететь быстрее, нужно уменьшать обороты двигателя? Обо всем этом - в выпуске! Полезные ссылки: История Аэрофлота: https://skorobutov.wordpress.com/2013/05/17/%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C-i-1923-1953/ Об индуктивном сопротивлении: https://www.boldmethod.com/learn-to-fly/performance/vx-vy/ О подъемной силе: https://habr.com/ru/articles/279734/

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