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diletant.media

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00:00:11

185 minutes in Moscow on the YouTube channel

00:00:14

litan program paragraph 43 program in

00:00:17

which two teachers, former forty-third

00:00:19

school, current t Katsva and former

00:00:21

Alexey Kuznetsov, discuss various

00:00:24

aspects of Russian history

00:00:25

in relation to their teaching in

00:00:27

secondary school, and today we have chosen a

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relatively small story as a topic

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we are not planning such a large

00:00:37

multi-part series. So, in three or four

00:00:39

parts, as usual, we have

00:00:41

an inclusion, we will talk about what they

00:00:44

rarely talk about at school, sometimes they don’t talk at all,

00:00:47

and sometimes if they do, they talk

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very, very quickly, superficially,

00:00:52

literally, so to speak, in a few

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phrases. it was such and such a

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result was such and such and it seemed interesting to us

00:00:58

to speculate about

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what are the immediate results of

00:01:04

Peter’s colossal efforts and the enormous sacrifices of the country

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that O led in such

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perhaps his most famous transformations

00:01:13

as the radical reform of the army and the creation of a

00:01:17

navy. Yes, everyone knows very well

00:01:20

that Peter transformed the army, that he

00:01:22

created a fleet, that in the end they, at the

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very least, were able to compete more or less on

00:01:27

equal terms with very worthy European

00:01:31

opponents. But usually you don’t think too much

00:01:34

about that. But Peter died in 2

00:01:37

AM. What was the immediate fate of

00:01:40

these two, he undoubtedly beloved

00:01:58

brainchild of the first Russian emperor,

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specifically during the reign of Anna Ioanovna. That

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is, we are in the thirties of

00:02:09

the century. Yes, this is really

00:02:12

so, well, it must be said that Peter left not only the army

00:02:16

and navy as a legacy to his

00:02:18

successor, he left them as a legacy of

00:02:21

foreign policy

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tasks, but Here Before talking about

00:02:25

this, I would like to make a couple of

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reservations. The fact is that when you and I

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chose the foreign policy topic, I

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thought that

00:02:36

inevitably in the reviews we would

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read either that you and I were, so to

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speak, hushing up the aggressive policy

00:02:46

of Russia, or, on the contrary, that we were

00:02:48

promoting the aggressive policy

00:02:50

of Russia I would like to note that the 18th

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century had completely different

00:02:57

ideas than the end

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of all empires. And in general, all the major

00:03:06

powers regularly waged wars at that time,

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expansion of territory or the seizure of

00:03:15

neighboring territory through war

00:03:18

was considered an absolutely legitimate matter, so to speak,

00:03:20

decent

00:03:28

no

00:03:30

humanity came to the idea

00:03:34

that war is not should be an instrument of

00:03:38

foreign policy, they still had to

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happen, but it’s not good to take someone else’s Yes,

00:03:43

first the first and then the second world

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wars,

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after such a clause that there is no need to

00:03:53

judge politicians of the 10th century by the moral and

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ethical standards of the 21st century, we can already

00:04:02

talk more or less

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specifically, which means Well,

00:04:07

we won’t sum up the results of the Northern War,

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but we’ll just note

00:04:13

that as a result of this

00:04:16

war, Russia firstly reached the

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Baltic Sea and conquered territories

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that today

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are called Estonia and Latvia, and then they

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were called Estonia and

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Livonia, and Courland,

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that is, southern Courland, became a vassal of Russia

00:04:39

part of

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present-day

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Latvia,

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but yes, and Russia as a result became a

00:04:47

Great Power. But it was not possible to break through to another sea, the

00:04:51

Black Sea, or at least

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gain a foothold on the shores of the Sea of

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Azov.

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During the second

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Azov campaign, the Azov fortress was

00:05:07

conquered; moreover, construction of another one began not far from it

00:05:13

fortresses of Taganrog Yes,

00:05:17

but after the Prut campaign, which was unsuccessful for

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Russia,

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Azov had to be returned to the Turks and Tagonrog

00:05:28

simply with

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and I must say that

00:05:33

Russia then survived. This is quite easy

00:05:38

because all of Peter’s main thoughts

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were focused exclusively on the

00:05:42

fight against Sweden and, accordingly, in the

00:05:46

northwestern direction, but that’s all

00:05:49

we can

00:05:50

say that T left the idea of access to the southern

00:05:54

seas to his

00:05:58

heirs;

00:06:00

it must be said that throughout the 15th century

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this will generally be the main goal of the main

00:06:07

task of Russian foreign policy, as we

00:06:10

know,

00:06:11

Russia will fight with Turkey

00:06:15

at least three times in the 15th century,

00:06:17

and today we will talk about the first

00:06:20

of such wars, but the fact is that the

00:06:24

confrontation with Crimea and

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Turkey required

00:06:31

either friendly relations with Poland

00:06:35

or control over

00:06:36

Poland as long as the

00:06:40

Saxon Elector Augustus was on the Polish throne

00:06:43

in a

00:06:45

strong position, this problem in general did not

00:06:49

arise because although in the years

00:06:52

of the North war, August showed himself to be

00:06:55

an ally, he was not too

00:06:58

pressured

00:07:00

to

00:07:03

conclude a separate

00:07:05

hellish peace with Sweden. But still, he was an ally

00:07:10

who was oriented toward Russia, who

00:07:13

by the

00:07:14

end of the Northern War was already largely

00:07:17

dependent on Russia and, accordingly, while

00:07:20

he was the Polish king, Russia is

00:07:28

nothing here. Of course, he was turned into a corner, but the

00:07:31

fact is that he, having concluded This peace, did not

00:07:35

inform Peter about it. Well, yes, this is

00:07:37

different, and there was, in general, a rather

00:07:39

unpleasant story about which Let’s

00:07:41

not be distracted now. But we somehow

00:07:43

remembered it with you when we talked

00:07:45

They talked about this in the Northern War,

00:07:48

but the fact is that in

00:07:52

1733, that is, it turns out that at this time Anna

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Ivanovna was about 3 years old in

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August I

00:08:02

died on the Saxon throne, and

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his son August II ascended the throne of the Saxon Elector without any problems, but

00:08:12

with the Polish the throne did not work out, the thing

00:08:16

is that Poland, as you know, is a

00:08:19

very

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unique monarchy and formally the name of

00:08:25

the state is the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, that is, in

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general, they ate to translate it, so it

00:08:31

would seriously turn out to be a people's

00:08:33

republic. And

00:08:36

there the king was supposed to be elected by the Sejm,

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so in September of the thirty-third

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year, the

00:08:43

Polish Sejm of August he wasn’t elected to the throne,

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but he was elected against Stanislav

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Leszczynski by a

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man who had already been on

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this throne once and was hooked on him then.

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Naturally,

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this candidate was unacceptable for Russia, but the

00:09:08

fact is that his unacceptableness was

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explained not so much by even his connections

00:09:13

with the federation. Well after all, the Northern War was

00:09:17

already

00:09:19

over about the Swedish

00:09:22

orientation of the

00:09:28

Polish that once he

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collaborated with the enemy, this is not the

00:09:33

most important thing in politics, but the fact is that

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Leszczynski’s daughter Maria

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Leszczynski’s influence in Pol would

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have been immeasurable in its turn.

00:10:01

unacceptable and not because of Polish affairs but

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because of

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Turkish affairs. The fact is that it was France,

00:10:09

among all European states, that

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perhaps more actively supported

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Turkey than others. Naturally, it also needs to be explained

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why. The fact is that by

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that

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time

00:10:31

France had already opposed

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the empire

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and Well, in any case in the case of 1600,

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it means maybe 1610 Yes, no nano 1600

00:10:50

when the French king was on the throne, he

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simply

00:11:00

entered into a war with the empire and a little later

00:11:04

after his

00:11:06

death,

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France, even in the Thirty Years' War,

00:11:11

being a Catholic country, participated

00:11:14

on the side of the Protestant powers precisely

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in order to fight with

00:11:20

the empire, so Turkey and

00:11:24

France could threaten the empire from different

00:11:27

sides

00:11:30

for the French, namely for the French, for

00:11:32

whom they were valuable allies in Europe.

00:11:37

Well, since Russia

00:11:40

categorically did not agree to

00:11:43

see Leszczynski on the Polish throne, then in September of

00:11:46

that year, Russian troops moved to

00:11:50

Poland and to At the end of

00:11:57

September,

00:12:00

in the programs of the

00:12:02

Pra-Polish great

00:12:06

Russian generals, without thinking twice,

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they assembled a new Sejm near Prague,

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although the minority of the Polish gentry was not very

00:12:16

representative at the NM,

00:12:20

but

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this was the end of

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August and in January of the

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year the Saxon

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elector was crowned in Warsaw with the Polish

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crown, becoming like his father not only the

00:12:44

Elector of Saxony but also the King of

00:12:46

Poland And Leshchinsky, so to speak,

00:12:50

fleeing from the Russian troops, fled the people of

00:12:53

Poland to where the

00:13:00

Russian troops under the

00:13:03

command of General Pyotr Petrovich

00:13:06

Lasya proceeded and they besieged this city, the

00:13:10

French fleet approached Danka

00:13:13

in May 2018, the French

00:13:17

fleet arrived and tried to land

00:13:20

landing

00:13:22

but Dent was

00:13:24

not allowed on

00:13:27

Beres under the command of

00:13:30

Field Marshal Burchard Christopher

00:13:35

Minich Well, then the Russian Squadron appeared

00:13:39

and the French fleet left from near Gdansk

00:13:43

Leszczynski nevertheless managed to avoid

00:13:46

Russian captivity, which for him could have

00:13:48

ended quite badly,

00:13:50

and he was in June thirty-four year

00:13:53

managed to get out of Gdansk,

00:13:54

moved first to the

00:13:57

neighboring territory of Prussia

00:14:00

and then went to France so that,

00:14:03

as far as I know, I would never return to Poland

00:14:04

again,

00:14:06

naturally, under the King,

00:14:09

who owed his accession to

00:14:13

Russia, the influence of the Russian Empire in

00:14:16

Poland increased very sharply,

00:14:19

thus the Polish rear was strengthened and

00:14:23

prepared, I say the Polish rear

00:14:25

because the main thing that was coming was a new

00:14:28

stage of the war with

00:14:33

Turkey.

00:14:36

Well,

00:14:38

Russia’s Eastern policy was connected not only with

00:14:41

Turkey, we know that after the

00:14:43

Northern

00:14:46

War was won, some kind of imperial

00:14:49

inertia prompted Peter not to

00:14:53

stop

00:14:55

And to invade the Transcaucasus in

00:14:59

Iran in order to make a road to India

00:15:05

through the territory of

00:15:06

Russia and as a result in

00:15:10

this Caspian or Persian campaign

00:15:14

they call this campaign and so and so in the

00:15:17

2000s the so-called

00:15:20

Caspian region of

00:15:24

Yiwu was conquered with,

00:15:30

not by chance, in Iran Well I myself

00:15:34

have never been to Iran and have never heard this proverb in Iran,

00:15:37

but I read about it that in Iran they have

00:15:41

long said that if you want problems,

00:15:45

go to

00:15:47

Gilan, there is an unhealthy climate, there are a lot of

00:15:51

swamps, there is fever,

00:15:55

today fevers have mostly

00:15:57

been defeated, but then in In the 10th century, in one word, it

00:16:03

turned out that this is the Caspian

00:16:08

Caspian region. I apologize, of course the

00:16:10

Caspian region for Russia

00:16:12

is something like a suitcase

00:16:15

without a handle, that is, it’s hard to drag, it’s

00:16:18

a pity to give up because after the

00:16:23

Ypres

00:16:27

in the chimera, the idea of pushing the road to India

00:16:30

was somehow completely

00:16:32

postponed, well because it became clear that

00:16:39

this route through the Caucasus and

00:16:42

further along the Russian off-road could

00:16:44

not create any alternative to the sea route,

00:16:46

that is, in general the idea was beautiful, but

00:16:50

only for its implementation

00:16:53

such colossal funds were needed that

00:16:57

could

00:16:59

gobble up the entire Russian budget. I

00:17:01

mean those that required a

00:17:03

colossal

00:17:05

Road

00:17:08

construction Well, of course, there could also be

00:17:12

an idea, so to speak, of laying a canal from the

00:17:16

Caspian basin to the

00:17:19

Black Sea basin. Well, for example, where

00:17:22

Volgodon Prokon is today and we know that

00:17:27

they were also overwhelmed, but it was still

00:17:31

too complicated and too reminiscent of a

00:17:34

chimera, so the classic path to

00:17:38

dig It was possible from the Caspian Sea through

00:17:41

Astha no further along the Volga to I Govo, but

00:17:45

then you need to go to the

00:17:46

Don if you don’t go to the Black Sea. But

00:17:49

why go to the Black Sea? Well, yes, I’m talking about the

00:17:53

Indian route, the

00:17:57

Volga is zero, then by dry route, I’m

00:18:00

telling you about this the fact that, given the Russian

00:18:03

off-road conditions, this was generally not very

00:18:06

feasible for large ships. Well, how

00:18:08

come sea ships won’t go along rivers and

00:18:12

canals; in one word, this idea was abandoned and

00:18:16

in general it was not clear what to do with this gene.

00:18:18

And why is it needed at all, and not

00:18:19

only

00:18:27

because, to be precise, on

00:18:31

March 10, the government of Anna Ivanovna

00:18:34

signed the so-

00:18:36

called Ganja

00:18:39

Treaty with the Iranian Shah; the Caspian region was

00:18:41

returned to

00:18:44

Tehran. The idea was not only to

00:18:47

get rid of the unnecessary Caspian

00:18:51

territory, but also to attract

00:18:54

Iran to its side in the upcoming war

00:18:57

with Turkey.

00:19:02

Well assumed that the Persians would be able to divert

00:19:08

some noticeable part of the Turkish

00:19:14

troops to themselves. Well, then the war with Turkey

00:19:17

actually began in the same thirty-fifth year,

00:19:20

and I must say. At first

00:19:23

it was not Valka. Well, in October,

00:19:26

three years ago - the army of General Mikhail

00:19:30

Leontyev - approached the

00:19:36

Crimea, or rather moved towards the Crimea, and

00:19:40

she approached Perekop in December, stood, stood,

00:19:45

so to speak, at the sight of Perekop and turned

00:19:49

back due to lack of water and provisions, well, in

00:19:53

general, it’s not time for us to

00:19:54

show you the map for the first time so that, well, people

00:19:58

can show it please show us the

00:20:00

map, we will return to it, we will

00:20:03

return more than once, I think yes, I think

00:20:06

yes, well, the fact is that this has already

00:20:10

happened in the history of the Russian-Turkish wars. I mean the

00:20:13

first campaign of Vasily

00:20:16

Vasilyevich Golitsin in

00:20:18

1687, when, so to speak, along the

00:20:23

burning steppe, the Russians reached Perekop,

00:20:28

stood for a while, and returned back, no,

00:20:32

by the way, it’s to blame, it was not the first, but the

00:20:34

second Crimean,

00:20:36

on the first campaign. Of course, they

00:20:39

didn’t reach the Crimea. But they turned back precisely

00:20:42

because of the smoke and lack of

00:20:46

water,

00:20:48

but over the years that have passed with the VOKh years of the 10th

00:20:54

Century Well, after all, for almost 50 years the

00:20:59

Russian army has become different. Well,

00:21:02

returning to where you started,

00:21:04

of course, it must be said that both the fleet and the army

00:21:10

after Peter remained

00:21:13

practically

00:21:14

inactive for some time, and moreover, there is a well-known phrase

00:21:19

that was said by a child,

00:21:22

but

00:21:27

efu f it sounded like this I don’t want to walk

00:21:30

on the sea like a

00:21:32

grandfather, it’s clear that these are the words of Peter

00:21:35

II who was at the moment when he

00:21:38

said them Well, for about

00:21:42

13-14 years it has been known that Peter II did not

00:21:46

love Petersburg at all and did not love it first of all

00:21:49

Because it’s bad around Petersburg with

00:21:52

hunting grounds and therefore the court

00:21:56

moved to Moscow, as you know, he

00:21:59

preferred to spend the time free from sleep and

00:22:04

eating food on the hunt, sometimes

00:22:07

he had not been to Moscow at all

00:22:10

for months Well, now it’s just not about

00:22:13

that

00:22:15

and well, the pony fleet is really

00:22:18

inactive

00:22:20

[music]

00:22:28

act somewhere Far from the Russian

00:22:32

shores, at that time

00:22:35

no one

00:22:36

threatened these shores themselves as for the army. Yes, it

00:22:42

will grow a little because it is a Polish company.

00:22:45

Well, in general, there is no need to talk about it seriously.

00:23:06

other military leaders stood up in the Russian army,

00:23:11

you know, it turns out

00:23:13

that if you take a look at the history of

00:23:18

Russian military art of the 15th century, then

00:23:21

we have three gigantic figures. First,

00:23:24

this is Peter the Great, then this is Peter Alexander

00:23:29

during the reign of Catherine II, and then during the

00:23:31

same reign, Alexander Vasilyevich

00:23:34

Suvorov in the background Suvorov in Soviet

00:23:37

times even practically disappeared;

00:23:42

the figure of Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin practically disappeared.

00:23:46

Although Potemkin was generally the commander-in-chief

00:23:48

in that

00:23:50

war. Well, as for the first

00:23:53

half of the century, it’s somehow

00:23:58

not very clear whether there is anyone in

00:24:00

memory between Peter and Elizavetin

00:24:05

Skim at least by the reign and there are two

00:24:10

truly outstanding military leaders, it’s true

00:24:14

Well, of course there’s no need to compare them with Suvorov and Rumyany

00:24:19

But the role they played in the

00:24:24

History of the Russian army is really

00:24:26

very great

00:24:28

First of all, this is the already mentioned Burt

00:24:31

Hristov minikh minikh In general, not

00:24:34

a commander he is a military leader but not a

00:24:37

commander, he is

00:24:39

rather a military

00:24:41

engineer and as a military engineer he has done

00:24:45

quite a lot, but to begin with,

00:24:47

Russia owes him the Ladovsky channel Uh-huh,

00:24:51

but unfortunately It happens

00:24:53

[music]

00:24:55

that Well, this is a well-known phrase by Tolstoy

00:24:58

that a person is a fraction numerator - This is

00:25:02

what he really is

00:25:04

and the denominator is what he

00:25:06

thinks about himself, accordingly, the

00:25:09

larger the denominator, the smaller the fraction, but

00:25:11

for Minich, unfortunately, the denominator was

00:25:15

huge. Let’s get to it now, and

00:25:18

since we have 30 minutes in the middle of the hour,

00:25:21

we’ll see a small one video and then I’ll

00:25:24

introduce one book to you, let’s go back to

00:25:27

Mich

00:25:33

You know better than anyone what a good

00:25:37

[music]

00:25:40

book is, we know better than anyone where you can

00:25:48

buy it books for every taste with

00:25:52

home delivery online store SH Amateur

00:25:56

Media

00:26:01

[music]

00:26:06

[music]

00:26:08

[applause]

00:26:09

[music]

00:26:26

K

00:26:28

[music]

00:26:34

we invite you to go to the shd

00:26:38

Media website to get acquainted with the new products that are

00:26:41

posted there. Well, separately, we draw your

00:26:44

attention to the book, the

00:26:48

cover is red and there are terrible letters on

00:26:51

this cover, blood and symbols, the history of

00:26:55

human

00:26:56

sacrifices I want to say that not everything is

00:26:58

as scary as it might seem at

00:27:00

first glance, because here

00:27:02

we consider a variety of types of

00:27:05

sacrifices, including

00:27:07

symbolic ones, after which those

00:27:09

sacrificed lived

00:27:12

happily ever after, but the fact is that

00:27:14

no one, of course, is forcing you to

00:27:16

buy this book but I want to remind you that

00:27:20

the history of several non-ordinary

00:27:23

civilizations begins with the sacrifice of nenya Yes, I

00:27:28

mean the situation when Abraham almost

00:27:32

Prince sacrificed his son Isaac, this

00:27:34

formed the basis of the Jewish and Christian

00:27:38

and Islamic civilizations. The book

00:27:43

avoids as much as possible all sorts of terrible

00:27:47

details because it authors

00:27:52

Despite the fact that on the cover there is

00:27:54

one author Oleg Ivik, but this is a common pseudo of

00:27:57

two Russian writers Olga

00:28:01

Kolobov and Valery Ivanov, who have been

00:28:04

forming such a creative tandem for more than 15 years,

00:28:07

during which time they wrote a

00:28:09

number of popular science books on

00:28:11

history and archeology because they are both

00:28:13

very keen archaeologists and even a

00:28:16

fantasy story for teenagers, and so they

00:28:19

try to focus specifically on the

00:28:22

ritual meaning of

00:28:24

sacrifice without going particularly into

00:28:27

these nightmarish details

00:28:29

which, of course, nevertheless still appear on the page of the

00:28:32

book, take a closer

00:28:34

look at this book Well and in general to the

00:28:37

shd Media site A We are returning and

00:28:40

looking at Burchard

00:28:43

Nikhu Well, the second military leader of the same

00:28:47

era who was a little in the shadow of

00:28:51

Minikh but, as it seems to me, was perhaps

00:28:55

more capable

00:29:05

Petrovich Petr Petrovich he was clearly

00:29:07

called in Russia in

00:29:09

Russia

00:29:11

he himself is changing his memory after all Scottish

00:29:13

origin Scottish Quite

00:29:16

right, the Russian soldiers could hardly understand the

00:29:20

famie

00:29:26

So forgive me, please, I'm following you,

00:29:29

he's not a Scotsman, he's an Irishman, an Irishman, Yes, an

00:29:32

Irishman, Yes, that means to me the sun

00:29:34

still means that my memory has failed me and you

00:29:37

repeat with me, yes His father was

00:29:39

Austrian field marshal Although,

00:29:41

naturally, he was also Irish, but

00:29:43

Time time condottiere time contier who did

00:29:48

not serve in the Russian troops, let’s

00:29:51

remember under Peter Well, and von Krui and about

00:29:56

Gil

00:29:58

and Gordon or Ford and

00:30:00

whom

00:30:02

Gordon appeared in Russia like or Ford in

00:30:05

general quite a long time ago before Peter the Great,

00:30:08

this is Gordon, in any case, a person who

00:30:12

appeared in Russia under Alexei

00:30:15

Mikhailovich. I don’t know exactly whether Liford

00:30:17

came under Alexei Mikhailovich or already

00:30:20

under Fyodor Alekseevich. But definitely before

00:30:22

the accession of the

00:30:28

rasto TM, exactly like

00:30:34

commanders by the time they had

00:30:37

already lived for a long time in Russia they connected

00:30:41

their entire

00:30:45

career with Russia, and so the Russian soldiers not

00:30:48

only renamed La Vlasyev,

00:30:56

but was

00:30:58

also rated highly because the soldiers did

00:31:01

n’t like it. It must be said that it was a

00:31:05

mutual matter because the minich completely

00:31:07

neglected the soldiers’

00:31:09

lives. By

00:31:11

the way, this is an emphasis on

00:31:15

Suvorov’s care About the

00:31:17

soldier, well, We

00:31:20

have always written to Suvorov much more

00:31:26

because in the first half of the 10th century or,

00:31:31

say, in the middle of the seven-year

00:31:34

war, they

00:31:37

were not very

00:31:38

concerned about the lives of soldiers. Well, according to the well-known Russian

00:31:41

saying that women give birth, so to speak.

00:31:45

But nevertheless, still exactly

00:31:49

Mikha

00:31:51

had his first

00:31:53

success in the possession of Crimea in March, the

00:31:58

army of Pyotr Petrovich Lasya laid siege to

00:32:02

Azov again and in June Azov was

00:32:07

taken again please display the map so that

00:32:10

it would accompany

00:32:14

the story meanwhile in April of this year the

00:32:19

army of Mikhail

00:32:21

set out on a campaign against Crimea in

00:32:26

May in take possession of

00:32:29

Perekop; perhaps the fact

00:32:32

that Minich was a

00:32:35

good one, one might even say a brilliant

00:32:37

military engineer, and so to speak, solved the

00:32:42

problems of the Perekop fortifications, perhaps

00:32:45

he succeeded precisely as a military

00:32:49

engineer, thus the Russian troops

00:32:53

enter the Crimea in June, the

00:32:57

army of Mikhail

00:33:00

Leontiev

00:33:01

captures Kinburn Well, here if

00:33:05

you look at the map, to the west of the Crimea

00:33:10

there is such a Kinburn spit that

00:33:14

separates the so-called

00:33:17

Dnieper-Bug Liman from the Black Sea, also

00:33:21

in the north

00:33:28

in the second Russian-Turkish war during the time of

00:33:30

Catherine the

00:33:32

Great, but nevertheless, for the first time, Kinburn

00:33:37

was taken by Leontyev’s troops, then the minich

00:33:42

advancing in Crimea takes possession of a city

00:33:47

that is quite difficult to

00:33:49

pronounce in Russian because the

00:33:55

VK

00:34:00

erine is Evpatoria. Because when

00:34:02

Russia took possession of the Crimea, a whole series of

00:34:06

Tatar names were

00:34:10

changed, including into the Greek style.

00:34:13

Also, after the capture of

00:34:16

Lev, Minich’s troops move

00:34:20

along the western coast of the pillbox.

00:34:27

Barai is captured by a

00:34:31

dream and here

00:34:34

it turns out that fighting in Crimea is not so

00:34:38

simple and not because the Crimean Tatars

00:34:42

are able to effectively resist; the Khanate does not have the

00:34:45

strength at this time. There is already little of the

00:34:48

regular Russian army.

00:35:01

leave at the same time he

00:35:05

lost 30,000 people killed, wounded and out of

00:35:09

action,

00:35:14

none of them I apologize These are not killed

00:35:18

wounded But these are killed and

00:35:21

dead That is, these are irreparable losses

00:35:24

of these

00:35:25

30,000

00:35:27

died in

00:35:29

battle How many do you think Well, I think

00:35:32

about two sleepy for sure 2000 2000

00:35:38

people and the

00:35:40

rest of the rest died from diseases

00:35:45

mainly caused by lack of water.

00:35:48

Crimea, as you know, always

00:35:51

fear

00:35:59

has spread with this. If you remember our

00:36:01

active hiking youth, even in the

00:36:04

Mountain Crimea we preferred to go in

00:36:07

the spring and not in the fall due to the fact

00:36:10

that I went in the fall I also went,

00:36:14

but in the fall you are tied to very

00:36:16

specific

00:36:18

sites in the spring with water it is much easier

00:36:21

because you can find

00:36:25

water in any place And in the fall it is there, yes, but you

00:36:29

risk running into such a crowd at

00:36:31

this site that there is nowhere to put a tent

00:36:33

and Well, I remember what's going on there in the summer

00:36:37

in the Crimea? Don't talk about summer at all.

00:36:39

No, the point is that you

00:36:41

know, we went in the spring and

00:36:43

autumn. And they came there. Well, yes, in the

00:36:47

month of May. And in August, I had to

00:36:49

get out of there because the water was just no Yes, they even

00:36:52

gave it on the South Coast What

00:36:54

is called by the hour, and my well-

00:36:59

known friend got up regularly at

00:37:01

3 a.m. and collected a bucket of water in the morning, we had

00:37:06

water, but for 8 hours there was no water.

00:37:12

And now I must say that these are

00:37:16

colossal losses from

00:37:19

diseases They just testified

00:37:22

that the

00:37:24

soldier for the

00:37:27

village was not very clear at all,

00:37:29

but the next year Prim, also in the

00:37:34

summer of thirty seven, the army of the minich

00:37:37

captured the Ochakov fortress. Well, on the

00:37:40

map Ochakov is located right above the

00:37:43

NBR On the other

00:37:45

side of

00:37:48

the estuary, and the armor invades

00:37:55

ry entered the Crimea through the Arabat

00:37:58

Spit and

00:38:00

Sivash Well, it’s really not November, not like well,

00:38:04

in

00:38:07

1920, Vasya

00:38:09

Frun was waist-deep in icy water, as we

00:38:12

wrote in our textbooks, but

00:38:17

nevertheless, having entered Crimea,

00:38:20

Lasi defeats the Crimean troops on the

00:38:25

Sal Karte River there is, but it’s not

00:38:28

signed. Well, you can see it here,

00:38:33

it starts a little east of Bakhchisarai

00:38:36

and flows to the

00:38:39

north-northeast. Then it takes over the

00:38:41

city of Karasu Bazaar, this is the current

00:38:46

Belogorsk, you know, I really feel

00:38:49

sorry for these Crimean Tatar names,

00:38:51

they seem to me to have much more

00:38:55

flavor

00:38:57

from the Soviet

00:39:00

era and in August he again leaves the

00:39:03

peninsula, but the fact is that during these two

00:39:05

campaigns, first Minikh in the year Rich, then

00:39:09

Lasya in the third year, the Crimea was completely

00:39:14

ruined and Actually, with these two

00:39:17

campaigns, the tragedy of the

00:39:21

Crimean Tatar Crimean

00:39:25

Tatars to

00:39:29

Turkey began in the next 8

00:39:32

years Minich's troops move far to the

00:39:36

west, cross

00:39:39

the Dniester and

00:39:43

besiege the Turkish fortress of

00:39:46

Bendery. Forgive me, please, I wanted to

00:39:48

clarify one thing. If I

00:39:51

understand correctly, then a company in one

00:39:55

region of two

00:39:57

commanders-in-chief, one operates for the first

00:40:00

year in Crimea, the other outside its borders, the

00:40:02

second comes and operates with two armies

00:40:05

Yes, but above them neither of them can be called

00:40:09

commander-in-chief, they are both commanders,

00:40:12

each has their own army. If you remember in

00:40:15

1812, Bagration and Barclay

00:40:18

were called commanders-in-chief. Well, but

00:40:21

there is no single

00:40:24

leadership over them; only the

00:40:27

Military Collegium is understood. Well, well, it’s

00:40:30

unlikely that they coordinate operational

00:40:32

questions Of course not

00:40:34

because, well, I always tell my schoolchildren

00:40:38

in such cases that people of the 15th century the

00:40:42

maximum speed of

00:40:43

information dissemination is the speed of a galloping horse and

00:40:47

something about the relationship between Minich and

00:40:49

Lasia You know They generally got along with

00:40:52

each other at least I can I can say

00:40:54

accurately they are friends I don’t like my friend

00:40:57

Well, that’s understandable, but judging by what

00:41:00

you say, in general,

00:41:02

they were more or less able to coordinate actions with each

00:41:04

other Well, I had to Yes As far

00:41:09

as I understood, so to speak, reading the

00:41:13

books of Evgeniy Viktorovich

00:41:15

Anisimov, there was no sympathy between them,

00:41:18

they were too different so to speak,

00:41:20

different temperaments, different views on

00:41:23

how military affairs should be conducted, and

00:41:27

by the way, he was much more

00:41:29

attentive to providing the

00:41:31

soldiers with water,

00:41:33

food, medicines and

00:41:37

other things, and so they were unable to take Bender,

00:41:42

moreover,

00:41:45

Ochakov and the NBU had already been

00:41:47

captured by the wound because it happened

00:41:49

a nuisance,

00:41:55

but an epidemic of the most terrible

00:41:59

disease that could only visit the

00:42:02

army in the 10th century began, namely the

00:42:08

plague epidemic, the next attempt to act was

00:42:12

lost, for some reason, for

00:42:14

some reason,

00:42:16

Well, it was me

00:42:18

by accident, the next attempt to act

00:42:21

beyond the Dniester was made already in the

00:42:27

minich’s troops, they crossed the Dniester again

00:42:32

Well,

00:42:33

let's look at the map one more time.

00:42:36

Give us back the map, please,

00:42:40

yes they came out to the

00:42:43

river, a

00:42:45

pond, a tributary of the

00:42:48

Danube, now this is the border between Moldova

00:42:55

and the pond will only appear in

00:42:58

1812 after the next

00:43:01

Russian-Turkish war on the Bucharest

00:43:04

Peace, which will be signed by Mikhail

00:43:06

Leonovich Kutuzov even before that far away and

00:43:10

here in the north, if you look

00:43:13

at Well, almost at the border between Turkey, the

00:43:18

Ottoman Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,

00:43:21

there we will find a settlement

00:43:24

called Taucha and nearby the Khotin fortress,

00:43:30

here in

00:43:34

July of this

00:43:37

year, so to speak, an army of mini

00:43:41

positions in In August, she defeated the Turks

00:43:43

at Stavuchany and then Khotyn

00:43:47

was taken. On September 3, the Russians entered the

00:43:52

capital of

00:43:55

the principality,

00:43:57

namely the city of

00:44:01

Yasy. But this is where the success actually

00:44:05

ended

00:44:09

because the Yasy were occupied on September 3.

00:44:17

And on August 21,

00:44:21

even if we take the old

00:44:25

style, Russia’s ally

00:44:28

Austria, which fought quite unsuccessfully

00:44:32

with the Turks at that time, this by the way

00:44:34

explains why the Turks were defeated

00:44:37

in the Russian direction because their main

00:44:39

forces were deployed in a completely different

00:44:42

place on the Balkan

00:44:45

Peninsula, so Russia’s ally

00:44:54

Austria Serbia and Wallachia Wallachia is the

00:44:58

southern part of modern

00:45:01

Romania to Turkey to give in to that including

00:45:04

It was then that the Turks captured

00:45:07

Belgrade. And after that, Russia

00:45:11

was also forced to start peace negotiations.

00:45:13

It was scary to fight alone without Austria

00:45:16

because the Turks could

00:45:18

transfer the freed forces here, and

00:45:21

Russian losses, I repeat once again,

00:45:23

mainly from epidemics of

00:45:26

other diseases and

00:45:29

hunger, by this time exceeded 100,000

00:45:33

people, that is, in general, about the war of rip

00:45:37

three years,

00:45:40

you can

00:45:42

say in words that apply to a

00:45:45

completely different war that happened

00:45:48

in the 10th century in that war

00:45:54

of ignorance

00:45:58

of the years, and the

00:46:00

losses in this war were enormous, just like in the

00:46:04

Soviet Finnish one, which you mentioned,

00:46:07

which Tvardovsky called famous

00:46:10

war Well, you just have to keep in mind that

00:46:14

you still understand the losses in the Finnish

00:46:16

war, which are

00:46:25

quite a colossal and insane figure. It’s

00:46:28

just the

00:46:30

figure of the eighteenth or according to the new style. On

00:46:36

September 29, the Belgrade Peace was

00:46:41

signed and Russia’s gains turned out to be,

00:46:44

in general, completely

00:46:46

inadequate for the costs and losses

00:46:49

that the country

00:46:51

suffered, Russia received Azov back, but

00:46:56

there was a condition for strengthening Azov, there should

00:46:59

be

00:47:01

a sleep, saying the port Russia received and the

00:47:06

fortress guarding the Southern Russian

00:47:10

borders No, did not receive

00:47:13

Ochakov Kinburn

00:47:16

Khotin

00:47:18

Yasy That is, all those Turkish fortresses

00:47:21

that were captured earlier during

00:47:24

the war by the

00:47:27

Turks, just

00:47:30

as Turkey retained the principality

00:47:32

Moldova

00:47:34

as a whole, moreover, Russia did not even

00:47:37

receive the right to maintain a fleet

00:47:41

on the Sea of Azov, let alone the

00:47:45

Black Sea. That is, we can say that this

00:47:49

war is fortuitous. Despite the fact that it seems

00:47:53

to be

00:47:54

the law

00:47:56

and Azov Once already acquired and then

00:48:00

lost, this was acquired again.

00:48:03

the war turned out to be more unsuccessful than

00:48:07

successful Yes, of

00:48:09

course, a crushing blow was dealt

00:48:12

to Crimea, but by this time the Crimean Khanate

00:48:16

no longer posed

00:48:18

a danger to Russia; the Crimean raids had long ceased,

00:48:23

so I’m not here for a few minutes. Well, about

00:48:27

20 minutes ago, listening to you, I

00:48:30

wondered, I realized that I had There is no answer. But

00:48:32

approximately when these

00:48:34

famous legendary raids along the

00:48:36

Muravskaya road stopped in the second half of the 15th

00:48:40

century. That is, just somewhere to those

00:48:42

warriors of Alexei Mikhailovich. Well, yes, yes, that

00:48:47

is, the Tatars were still raiding, but they

00:48:51

were already invading more Ukrainian

00:48:53

territory Yeah, and after the

00:48:56

annexation of Ukraine to Russia, I

00:49:00

mean the left bank of Ukraine, of course, and

00:49:03

invasions, as far as I understand. Well, at

00:49:05

least deep invasions,

00:49:08

maybe there was something there at the borders, but

00:49:10

deep invasions stopped,

00:49:12

as far as I know. Well, that is, they were

00:49:14

disturbing Slobozhanshchina but not Moscow No longer Well,

00:49:17

Moscow Of course not Uh-huh

00:49:20

Of course not, moreover, the last

00:49:23

such major campaign under Godunov Apparently

00:49:26

yes to Moscow and when Nova ascended to the

00:49:30

throne Well, even then, when the Russian army

00:49:35

came out to meet the Tatars, they didn’t go to Moscow

00:49:38

like that to say they turned to the trap

00:49:40

they went to Lithuania Well, the Mother of God, as you know,

00:49:43

took them away

00:49:45

well

00:49:48

[music]

00:49:54

refrain military necessity was caused

00:49:58

And this was such preparation for the future

00:50:01

future annexation of

00:50:02

Crimea these were reprisals against the civilian

00:50:05

population of

00:50:07

Crimea So

00:50:12

I don’t think they should be classified, so to speak, in the category of victories either

00:50:17

possible in this way, in the

00:50:20

Kingdom of Ivanov it

00:50:24

was, I can’t say for sure whether it was the only one,

00:50:27

but in any case the largest

00:50:29

war, because the next war in

00:50:31

which Russia had to participate and

00:50:33

which we will probably talk about next time,

00:50:35

we will still talk about

00:50:38

it happened after death Anna

00:50:41

Ivanovna was connected

00:50:46

with such an interminable internal political

00:50:51

situation in

00:50:52

Russia, the fact is that she died

00:50:56

in the

00:50:58

forties, her official heir became the

00:51:03

first regent Beron, then Bero was

00:51:06

instantly

00:51:07

removed, the next regent became Anna

00:51:11

Leopoldovna Church unpopular

00:51:15

and in general this next war she

00:51:18

was connected with plans for

00:51:22

enthroning Elizabeth

00:51:24

Petrovna, the idea was that the

00:51:30

Swedes would help Elizabeth take the

00:51:34

throne, so to speak, and

00:51:36

in return she would return them Well, at least

00:51:38

Ingri A

00:51:41

Or maybe some territories in the

00:51:44

Baltic States But since, after all, the 19th century

00:51:52

and so to speak, he considered the war as a

00:51:56

completely legitimate means of conducting

00:52:00

politics, but still he was already embarrassed to

00:52:02

act according to the method of deshki krolo

00:52:05

to blame because I want to eat, then the

00:52:09

Swedes

00:52:10

proclaimed such a wonderful slogan,

00:52:12

very pretentious, starting this war,

00:52:16

the intention of the Swedish king is

00:52:20

that

00:52:24

from

00:52:25

someone else earthly

00:52:32

oppression is related to the question

00:52:34

of the myth of Bironism. Dada is no longer there, and

00:52:40

there is no Biron. And there is only Anna

00:52:42

Leopoldovna, who never

00:52:45

got up before 12 o’clock. If they had given her

00:52:48

free rein, in my opinion, she

00:52:49

would never have gotten out of bed

00:52:51

and it was scary. Here she

00:52:55

turns out to be.

00:52:56

severe foreign

00:52:59

oppression But about this, apparently It’s all

00:53:02

about the brothers Leven vol They probably

00:53:04

with probably yes Well, then

00:53:08

we’ll talk about this next time well Yes

00:53:10

indeed Let’s say this to

00:53:13

Elizabeth Elizavetino Although it must be said

00:53:16

that the bridge is easily thrown by the

00:53:19

Swedish figure of Peter to this war

00:53:22

Petrovich Lasya, who in this war

00:53:25

will be left as if without a

00:53:27

minich, entangled in internal

00:53:31

political affairs at this time. Well, I say

00:53:34

entangled in internal politics. So

00:53:36

Lasi will be able, precisely as a commander,

00:53:40

probably to

00:53:42

fully demonstrate his talent, so to speak, here.

00:53:44

But let’s really talk next

00:53:46

time, and in the near future

00:53:48

the program “Minority Opinion” is waiting for you on the Living Nail channel,

00:53:52

in which today Lisa

00:53:55

Nigina talks with politician Dmitry

00:53:58

Gudkov Well, at 21 o’clock the status program is in its place

00:54:01

with its classic

00:54:04

star golden cast, part of which the

00:54:07

Russian authorities consider a foreign agent I I

00:54:09

mean Ekaterina Shulman All the

00:54:12

best to you this was the program

00:54:13

paragraph 43

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