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Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:03
what we came to Plato is00:00:07
a question that he just gave us a province and brought to the village.00:00:27
The date of death of the sheikh of the lodge is00:00:29
399.00:00:31
We don't know everything about him for sure. My father00:00:33
did not write anything, the world did not upset him,00:00:36
maybe00:00:38
we can talk about it,00:00:40
he created it, there00:00:41
is Aristophanes on it.00:00:46
[Applause]00:01:00
God, I had an accident, he is a good friend,00:01:04
but if you ask me, he is just kidding.00:01:08
Now I will tell you about him, he is00:01:12
smart together, how does he know, let's00:01:14
start from there.00:01:16
We have two sources, one of them is Plato's00:01:18
dialogues. But how much of this is really about00:01:21
the street, how much of it is about the words that Plato put into Socrates' mouth. There00:01:26
is still such a street problem in classical00:01:28
philology and the history of philosophy. The mouse00:01:34
here is Socrates' student, but00:01:39
he wrote what he heard. Therefore, if I00:01:42
am asked,00:01:43
a more reliable source is the report,00:01:47
let's leave these, our classical00:01:51
advanced philosophy historians told us to take a00:01:54
photo. Sokak says that when I was young,00:01:57
he00:02:00
writes something, I said it wrong. I was still going to00:02:03
say Aristarchos, I said Aristagoras. I00:02:05
changed the beginning, they took the map,00:02:08
came to the machine,00:02:12
started giving lessons and started sewing this. It's00:02:15
like an intelligence and a nation are seen in the founding of the universe.00:02:18
I got excited too,00:02:22
he says, I went and read what he wrote. Then00:02:25
I saw that he says he00:02:26
explains physics, but he says, We00:02:30
humans say, They say we shouldn't deal with it, what we have to00:02:33
overcome00:02:36
is the moral problem, you00:02:39
have to deal with moral problems, it's a sin to deal with nature movies,00:02:43
ha ha now. This will reset the Greek civilization. It is00:02:48
a sin. It did not benefit itself.00:02:52
After that, it is moral. How00:02:58
can this be?00:03:02
It implies that he came from the piece of Justice in Phoenicia.00:03:05
So, this wannabe prophet knows.00:03:09
Yes, now this. Where do these thoughts come from?00:03:13
These are being imposed from the east for the00:03:15
first time.00:03:19
These are the thoughts,00:03:20
among them are Zoroastrian folk songs, these are his00:03:24
favorite folk songs, etc. The idea00:03:26
comes to Athens. You know, it was beautiful at that time.00:03:29
In the past, Plato's blue00:03:31
thing was thought to be Roman 18. No, it's00:03:33
older than 500. Now it's revealed00:03:36
Socrates is00:03:39
dirty all the time. Here,00:03:43
let's be good people. Let's be like this, let's be like this,00:03:45
let's not deal with natural sciences, but it's00:03:47
not clear what he means when he says "I guess it's good" He says, "This00:03:50
is it", he says it is for us00:03:52
to be good, there is an immortal soul, it is00:03:54
beautiful and my brother says the proof,00:03:58
now I will prove it to you,00:04:00
let's take the Renault dialogue, where Plato00:04:02
tells a slave child. You look like you look like00:04:05
I will prove that this slave child00:04:08
actually knows the rules of geometry, why does he know?00:04:10
Because your soul is immortal,00:04:13
the soul has learned all of these in previous lives,00:04:14
now he says I00:04:16
will remind you of this,00:04:18
here I am, yoghurt, 2 boats, swimsuit,00:04:22
bikini, test,00:04:23
pregnancy technique. Because he00:04:26
thought, "How is he at home?"00:04:29
I will give birth to ideas. These are present in this child.00:04:33
We even wish everything in between. Now I read it,00:04:37
I talked to the street kid and00:04:40
he gives it. Look, did you see how00:04:43
it goes? I told you what you know.00:05:08
Let's skip this a21 leave it underneath it00:05:13
says Plato dove00:05:18
you are one of the things we have, one of your powers now the phone00:05:21
is parmenides He is very impressed a little My son, the00:05:24
thing that scares the most is change,00:05:28
why is he afraid of change?00:05:33
This is the street and in Athenian democracy, an object enters00:05:37
the street, he hates it and here is00:05:40
something in his mind, Plato says, here you go,00:05:43
democracy is ours. It hurt us, he00:05:47
says, Because it's because of democracy, he00:05:49
says, reclass got us into these00:05:53
phone wars and he says, We00:05:56
lost wars against Sparta, Because00:05:59
Sparta is taking a taste, we created a taste and00:06:01
it is governed by military governments.00:06:04
It is clear what everyone says,00:06:08
we are governed only by democracy, he says, It is00:06:11
because of democracy, He swallowed the pill After that,00:06:16
after that One of them is00:06:19
everything uncle is comfortable A little bit of him and00:06:23
then he is killed Therefore Plato00:06:26
wants nothing to change for him00:06:30
He lied to us he invented needle00:06:34
what is good now00:06:36
We say there is a cat the cat is different00:06:40
Well how do we know00:06:43
when we look at a cat we say it is a cat or00:06:46
I tell you I look, I say, this is a human,00:06:48
Ilbay, I turn around, this is a human, and I look at all of them.00:06:52
This is a human, it doesn't change,00:06:54
you don't look like us, I thought it was human, it is00:06:55
not human, astaghfurullah, it is an angel omelette,00:06:59
I am aware, but now00:07:01
you are looking at these,00:07:02
how do we know that these are human,00:07:05
because Bülent is00:07:09
on his mind, don't you like it? God, he has00:07:12
humanity in his head. There is a concept,00:07:15
but we are bad copies00:07:19
and therefore it does not change. Because there is a lie00:07:23
and that famous cave-00:07:28
like money turns out to be a big establishment,00:07:31
people think about it. They are sitting on this00:07:35
side, they only look at the wall, they do not00:07:37
look back, they close it,00:07:39
enlarge it, etc.00:07:42
They do not see their shadows, they cannot see themselves, We00:07:45
say this, this They are with these. It's00:07:47
like licks But the Shadows they see Here00:07:50
we are the00:07:51
best or the word Actually it is a very stingy00:07:56
psychological problems do not turn into philosophical00:07:59
underlines this philosophical problem00:08:03
ticket in the Middle Ages we will talk about it00:08:05
Later here is where the nominalists work We00:08:09
need to deal with objects one by one00:08:13
or we need to deal with object classes00:08:16
We thought about universities,00:08:19
what are universities? and as Plato said, the cat is a00:08:22
Universal. A human being is a Universal,00:08:26
but Fatih is an individual. İlber is an00:08:30
individual. The cat named Efendi Bead is an00:08:33
individual. The nominalists also say00:08:36
that00:08:38
in the Middle Ages,00:08:40
we can only know individuals.00:08:41
The realists say, No, we00:08:45
also know universities and this is a00:08:48
Universal problem. It's a serious00:08:50
problem in philosophy. The solution to this is00:08:53
actually easy. They don't understand philosophy.00:08:55
Why? Because what you call Universal is00:08:58
a hypothesis, that is, you call the cat certain00:09:02
properties. Excuse me, but when you say cat, it's the00:09:05
cat, right now,00:09:07
and it's a class you created in your mind.00:09:10
After that, this is Lion. It's big but it00:09:13
looks like a cat. Let's00:09:15
put this one on its phone. The next one is of course, but00:09:17
this is a different kind of cat. It00:09:21
fits the cat in your head, but00:09:23
it's a wolf. No, it's not a cat.00:09:25
It's more like a dog. It's a problem.00:09:28
It creates these universities. Do00:09:30
n't you say it's in its universities?00:09:32
It says it's in its head. Yes,00:09:35
if you pay attention now, it's a shock. However,00:09:40
if religion had been built into the Greek thought,00:09:44
this was one of the first moments of rebellion among Plato's students.00:09:51
Aristotle is business. Ariston Ariston00:09:54
No brother, first leave an observation. He says there00:10:03
is a world outside the world we see. Let's deal with those worlds. Here are the moral00:10:07
rules, customs, wealthy everything. Download the world.00:10:10
Let's accept that scholar as the basis. Of course,00:10:13
men like Aristotle also say. Well,00:10:15
brother, there is no news about that world, what00:10:18
will we do with it,00:10:23
there is nothing we can base on other than this observation, but you know,00:10:26
Aristotle also has a Hm, this00:10:31
Huriye is translated into English. He00:10:35
has the idea of autoplato, it comes from him and the00:10:38
tone is forced. While00:10:41
Aristotle is explaining his ideas to us, he00:10:47
says, "You are looking at the nonsense in the lighter. It has a platform effect. That's00:10:50
because he says comfortably, Selim00:10:54
cannot come together often."00:10:56
Japanese chicken is a mystical man.00:11:00
Now he explained the good or rule and its00:11:03
role in philosophy.00:11:06
o raton Then he takes all these ideas and00:11:10
starts to apply them to things special natural00:11:13
sciences never stay away but00:11:15
here Salat00:11:19
does not have his theory of the inside of the world it comes from the season dialogue here is00:11:22
a big one a tartaros00:11:25
why so there is a pipe taken from the hell of the Greeks00:11:27
Inside the earth it00:11:30
has water and fire in it00:11:32
There are many other channels, water comes from these channels,00:11:35
let me tell my master.00:11:37
If fire is coming, volcanoes, I don't know what, they00:11:39
form like this. For example,00:11:42
we live in pits like this. According to Plato, there00:11:45
is fog, which he calls a seal, there is air on top of it,00:11:50
there is Ether on top of it. Ether is00:11:53
a substance that forms a universe of unknown origin.00:11:55
You know, thank you, it is not the same,00:11:58
it has been introduced for the first time, these two00:12:01
different interpretations, generally, classicists00:12:06
think of tartaros water as a very large canal, but lolobe400:12:09
Hello, water thinks in such a round shape.00:12:12
Because you read the description, it is00:12:16
not possible for what is described in such a nose in Plato and00:12:18
for example he says He says that when it shakes here and there, it's00:12:20
all inside,00:12:23
he says it's an earthquake in the world, I don't know what's00:12:24
going on, etc. with this idea of tartaros,00:12:28
but my interpretation is and I think the Bag is00:12:32
sane, now the Japanese are00:12:39
taking Greek science a very serious blow because Plato is taking the Greeks00:12:42
out of observation.00:12:44
It takes you to a world and in this imaginary00:12:48
world, mystical ideas come to the fore.00:12:54
We also look at what you write on cellophane. This is largely an influence that comes from the street. That's why00:12:59
your star has never been mixed up in the street. Because why do00:13:01
you remember why I say that00:13:05
everyone thinks that Plato is the founder of Greek00:13:08
thought? It is the00:13:10
peak of the Greek thought, for you are saying no, it is very00:13:13
comfortable, the Anaximandros anaximenes, which we just discussed before,00:13:17
our Lord, I say, children, curious00:13:21
men. Ver Sefer, they are leaving, it00:13:29
starts while talking in the hall. Here are00:13:32
the trailers,00:13:35
trailers00:13:41
and the00:13:47
books he published for publication that we liked,00:13:49
let's take that child's lecture notes, let's00:13:54
transfer everything.00:14:01
I don't know how I'm doing, what did you write?00:14:10
Where did we come from? What will happen?00:14:18
[Music] which we00:14:20
will discuss from now on, and in my00:14:23
opinion,00:14:28
one of the greatest00:14:30
philosophers, one of the scientists in the history of humanity.00:14:51
He dies. Our hands chased the man,00:14:54
or rather, you know, he00:14:57
left Athens. Lara from Athens said, "00:15:02
I'm coming to give them the opportunity to commit a second murder."00:15:05
They killed him on our street. It's harmful for them00:15:08
to commit a second murder here, for example,00:15:10
but00:15:13
he ran away.00:15:15
It happens after knitting. After I die.00:15:19
Wow, this is irreligious. I don't know what it is. The man00:15:21
is opening Lapseki, he says, "00:15:25
Every time I pass by Lapseki, the people next to me00:15:28
say, the narrowness00:15:30
is dead, there00:15:41
was such a thing as the defense of these things, I00:15:51
pointed it out to Atilla Sav, he said, 'What is this?'00:15:56
I asked in front of Sokrat, 'They are sitting00:15:59
on the subject of schemes, 1 from the town's opportunity,' '00:16:01
Come on, they are00:16:05
talkative.' The00:16:07
logic that makes it works The enemies are among the Earth00:16:10
Yes now Elif doesn't give it00:16:13
unbalanced it gives it unbalanced It's just00:16:16
them, I'll show you what you know, these00:16:20
guys are very strong Actually00:16:35
now he00:16:38
is born in this Sagra, are they sending this?00:16:49
He00:16:52
comes, he00:16:55
sits for a while with his uncle near Dikili and it is estimated that his uncle00:17:00
had this taste for science, but00:17:07
don't forget his father,00:17:09
Philip the second Philip of Macedon, that00:17:12
is, the doctor of Alexander the Great's father,00:17:16
Doctor e Aristotle, most likely00:17:20
Aristotle also learned a lot from his father. I00:17:23
guess he saw the effect of the right animal so many times in00:17:26
such a process, glasses are too much, what is this00:17:29
country, in00:17:38
order to slaughter the animal,00:17:42
herofilos, that fidos from Kadıköy, he00:17:46
has to go to Egypt, he has to00:17:49
contact the priests in callus,00:17:57
my whole body sees hundreds of videos, songs etc.00:18:01
So, in theory and00:18:05
analogy, let them understand the human body.00:18:10
So, what is it, do00:18:16
n't start or anything, this00:18:20
man goes, he00:18:23
becomes a member of Mia for 20 years, that is, his00:18:28
student Plato, Plato grows next to him,00:18:30
the problem dies for 20 years.00:18:35
Plato's new00:18:38
academy is brought next to him,00:18:40
these are a few friends, they left the Academy.00:18:44
This is Winter Salad for your friends. It00:18:47
has become a philosophy here.00:18:49
Your potato00:18:55
assistant, my00:19:00
friends,00:19:05
is one of the fields that I have infinite respect for in my history. And I always say,00:19:08
please. Each article is a00:19:14
student00:19:17
saying to his friends, it is taken care of.00:19:29
As long as me and Asus continue our work, I will00:19:32
join the discussions and come,00:19:35
they say okay. These are table stoss,00:19:39
I will touch this next to this cardboard, the main00:19:42
student of Aristotle, he is Lesbos00:19:46
and he00:19:47
goes to Asos Aristotle goes to00:19:51
Asus00:19:54
and00:19:56
according to his claim,00:19:58
Aristotle00:20:08
starts writing the book of the meteorologist book and the first books of Zorlu books in Asos,00:20:10
all00:20:12
these while they live beautifully in sauce, Hermiyas00:20:16
comes and goes00:20:22
This guy is handed over to the Persians by a Greek traitor. They00:20:25
take him to the cross in Persepolis. While00:20:28
he is being taken to execution, he writes a letter to Aristotle.00:20:31
He says, "All my life, I have tried to00:20:36
do nothing that would not befit a philosopher."00:20:46
Write down. Look, this man00:20:48
is a politician, but he studied philosophy and read it in his report.00:20:51
Halis. Well done, his friend is a friend of depression00:20:54
and he says, on the way to execution, do00:20:58
n't do anything that doesn't suit a philosopher in my life.00:21:02
They claim like this. Where is the mother?00:21:06
He is a man of curiosity. In fact, you know. Should00:21:09
he write, either his stepdaughter or the new00:21:13
Aristotle? 's wife00:21:16
is getting married.00:21:18
When Aristotle Hermiyas goes to the noise, they are00:21:21
looking for someone who is a little more confident. I mean,00:21:28
they go overseas thinking that they can go to something. Did you write Aristotle's00:21:32
books about Zorlu in the00:21:35
language later and even I'm going,00:21:37
now this is Aristotle,00:21:42
you didn't give it to Op.Dr. Is it so00:21:45
interesting? There are fossils, there are glass trees,00:21:49
I don't know what00:21:53
our history has shared, let's learn very well,00:21:57
look,00:21:59
this is a time, this table is00:22:07
347 BC,00:22:17
according to the claim that Kayseri is the only00:22:20
Royale, it scares regeneration about the skies,00:22:24
what is this00:22:26
formation and and destruction and the00:22:30
first three books of meteorology. These are00:22:34
It is written by Aristotle in Asus, it was always wondered about the00:22:37
4th book of meteorology, you ca00:22:39
n't afford anything else, it's about Chemistry in some places. A00:22:42
Who wrote this,00:22:44
geyseri claim You write this,00:22:48
subscribe,00:22:50
keep quiet for the first time, also00:22:53
the books he wrote on fire, and why00:22:55
did I write this on a meteorology DVD? It's strange. Something00:22:58
will be meteorology, patient. I am very sorry,00:23:00
dear audience,00:23:02
because I wrote it late that night. It was00:23:04
about fire and meteorology. After that,00:23:07
they go to the pony,00:23:09
he goes to Macedonia, I forgot, the00:23:11
difficulty is obvious, his books are written there.00:23:14
Aristotle After that,00:23:17
he comes to Athens again from 355 onwards and his own00:23:20
He is establishing his school. The name of this school is nothing. If00:23:22
you know, what we know is that the00:23:24
place where the gold comes from is Ariston Uno.00:23:27
I wanted it like this, then it means he will run away.00:23:31
Yes, wherever you want to give birth, what he00:23:43
said is true.Description:
Teke Tek Özel bu hafta insanlığın bilimle tanışmasını ve bilimin tarihini masaya yatırıyor. Anadolu'da yetişen İyonyalı düşünürler bilimsel düşüncenin gelişmesi konusunda nasıl rol oynadılar? Antik Yunan felsefecilerinin hangi fikirleri bilimin ve insanlığın bugünkü noktaya ulaşmasına katkı sundu? Milet, Assos, Efes gibi Batı Anadolu kentleri bilim tarihi açısından neden önemli? Fatih Altaylı soruyor; akademisyenler Prof. Dr. Celal Şengör ve Prof. Dr. İlber Ortaylı yanıtlıyor.
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