Download "Ethernet. Коммутаторы, маршрутизаторы и IP"

"videoThumbnail Ethernet. Коммутаторы, маршрутизаторы и IP

Mastering Google Ads Tutorial In 2024 : google ads course 2024 Tutorial!

Mastering Google Ads Tutorial In 2024 : google ads course 2024 Tutorial!

Channel: Tech Bangla 24

Иван Беглов в студии Андрея Кузнецова / День первый / 4 января 2024 - Глобальная волна

Иван Беглов в студии Андрея Кузнецова / День первый / 4 января 2024 - Глобальная волна

Channel: Глобальная Волна — Global Wave

Top 20 Practical DIY Ideas and Inventions

Top 20 Practical DIY Ideas and Inventions

Channel: ideas corner

Мотоцикл Урал, сборка мотоциклов. редкие кадры с завода.

Мотоцикл Урал, сборка мотоциклов. редкие кадры с завода.

Channel: Mechanizator24.

Digma FreeDrive 620 GPS Speedcams - Обзор бюджетного видеорегистратора и отзыв владельца

Digma FreeDrive 620 GPS Speedcams - Обзор бюджетного видеорегистратора и отзыв владельца

Channel: Вилимас Подскажет - Safe Roads

😮 عجلة هامستر مطبوعة ثلاثية الأبعاد مضحك #شورت

😮 عجلة هامستر مطبوعة ثلاثية الأبعاد مضحك #شورت

Channel: engineericly

ethernet

коммутаторы

маршрутизаторы

ip

00:00:00

Hello everyone, this is the second part of the story

00:00:03

about the ethernet network. Last time we

00:00:05

touched on the features of building a network with a

00:00:08

shared bus topology and found out how many

00:00:10

problems it had, it seems that everything was

00:00:13

thought out to the smallest detail, a

00:00:14

very simple coaxial cable is used,

00:00:17

there is no need for an additional

00:00:19

centralized device, but the

00:00:22

concept of a shared bus itself brought a lot of

00:00:24

difficulties that negated all the

00:00:26

positive aspects of the technology,

00:00:29

no matter how long the engineers avoided

00:00:31

the use of switches,

00:00:33

apparently all paths led precisely to them,

00:00:36

since in local networks it was decided to

00:00:38

use a hub and bring a

00:00:41

single bus to one common point, then why

00:00:44

not give it a central link

00:00:46

a little intelligence and not start

00:00:48

switching channel-level frames from

00:00:50

one side to another,

00:00:52

in general, the idea was quite sound and did not

00:00:54

promise large expenses for equipment,

00:00:57

but who could have guessed how much

00:00:59

this promise was not destined to come true;

00:01:02

however, such a switch and

00:01:04

router still had to be found and

00:01:07

A lot of interesting things happened along this path,

00:01:09

so without further

00:01:11

ado, the release was declared open.

00:01:14

The new ethernet is not one standard, but

00:01:16

several at once. They are quite similar and

00:01:19

have the same principles, but

00:01:22

nevertheless their packages are not compatible with

00:01:24

each other

00:01:25

since

00:01:29

twisted pair began to be used as a signal propagation medium. with two pairs of

00:01:31

differential lines, this made it possible to

00:01:33

organize bidirectional

00:01:35

data transmission at a higher speed,

00:01:38

namely 100 megabits per second, this is simply the

00:01:41

bit transfer rate in the communication channel; the

00:01:43

actual technical performance of the

00:01:45

network is somewhat lower; from each

00:01:49

switch port to the network node, half-

00:01:51

duplex or full-duplex is extended

00:01:53

communication line in the latter case, the cable

00:01:56

has two pairs of conductors for

00:01:58

transmitting data in the forward and reverse

00:02:00

directions; this only means that the

00:02:03

network has received a star topology and each is

00:02:06

better than this type of connection. . in

00:02:09

which collisions are impossible, the link-

00:02:11

level frame switch,

00:02:13

unlike a hub, is a fairly

00:02:16

powerful computer packaged in a

00:02:18

narrow case to solve the

00:02:20

switching problem, it has everything that is

00:02:22

necessary and sufficient, all incoming

00:02:25

frames enter a buffer located in

00:02:28

RAM, the process of switching

00:02:30

link-level frames is a solution to the

00:02:33

problem sending a frame through the port on

00:02:36

which the device is located, having the

00:02:38

same address as indicated in the frame in the

00:02:40

destination address field,

00:02:42

let me remind you that we are talking about mac addresses

00:02:45

of 6 bytes in size, the switching problem is solved by a

00:02:49

fairly powerful processor, traditionally

00:02:51

this processor has a mips architecture,

00:02:54

although recently in this place

00:02:57

Processors with the arm architecture are increasingly being noticed.

00:02:58

Both architectures were

00:03:01

discussed earlier. Links will remain in the

00:03:04

description in local networks, unlike

00:03:07

global ones. Quite a high mobility of

00:03:09

the configuration; network nodes are actively

00:03:12

added and removed from it; this could

00:03:15

simply be rebooting office equipment;

00:03:18

stopping computers after the

00:03:20

end of the working day; their inclusion in the

00:03:22

morning of the next day, local networks are

00:03:25

also characterized by traditionally high

00:03:28

automation of all

00:03:29

configuration processes for each case of turning on

00:03:33

and off the equipment; no

00:03:35

manual configuration of any internal

00:03:37

switching tables is performed as the

00:03:40

equipment is turned on; it sends any

00:03:42

packets to the network and is present in the frame field the

00:03:45

return mac address is

00:03:47

quite a sufficient reason to

00:03:49

automatically associate the switch port number

00:03:51

with a specific mac address of the

00:03:53

network interface of the device

00:03:55

connected to the

00:03:58

ethernet switch, the usual

00:04:00

frame transfer technology would remain as those discussed

00:04:03

earlier if it were not for the

00:04:06

protocols underlying the system interaction model that

00:04:08

invest in the payload

00:04:09

of the channel level of its data structure,

00:04:12

as has already been noted,

00:04:14

even one ethernet technology

00:04:17

has already had several

00:04:18

incarnations by this time, and this despite the fact that we

00:04:21

have not reached the gigabit and 10

00:04:23

gigabit standards, the frame formats of

00:04:26

these networks are different, so

00:04:28

I simply relay them from one network to another

00:04:31

is no longer possible

00:04:33

for the transparent passage of

00:04:35

user payloads between different

00:04:37

local networks, the IP protocol was invented,

00:04:40

it describes a certain universal

00:04:43

data structure called a packet,

00:04:45

it has all the necessary information

00:04:48

to pass to the destination point, the path of the

00:04:51

packet can pass both within one

00:04:53

network and between neighboring networks of the same

00:04:56

or different standards; moreover, the path of

00:04:59

the packet can pass through the global

00:05:01

data networks of the world's

00:05:03

telecommunication systems,

00:05:06

now without big words and everything in

00:05:08

order IP is an internetwork protocol without a

00:05:12

guarantee of delivery without establishing

00:05:14

a connection; non-delivery of the package is

00:05:17

processed by higher-lying protocols;

00:05:20

it is implied that these packets are a

00:05:22

payload in link

00:05:24

layer frames of other network technologies,

00:05:27

for example, except in an ethernet frame,

00:05:29

IP packets can be encapsulated

00:05:32

in a frame and frame relay technologies,

00:05:34

which we have already considered earlier, IP is

00:05:37

involved in packet routing,

00:05:39

ensures packet switching as they

00:05:42

pass through intermediate

00:05:44

routers,

00:05:45

IP is not involved in quality management

00:05:48

initially was intended only for

00:05:50

data exchange, therefore all packets are the

00:05:53

same; at the same time, a

00:05:56

large amount of

00:05:58

delay-critical traffic is transmitted in the networks; protocols of

00:06:01

higher levels make it possible to

00:06:03

signal network nodes

00:06:05

that priority traffic is being transmitted;

00:06:07

however,

00:06:09

no one gives one hundred percent guarantees of quality assurance

00:06:12

from the maximum number of

00:06:14

user bytes inside frame

00:06:16

ethernet 20 is given a subheader

00:06:19

IP packet the rest is the payload of the

00:06:22

packet let's look at

00:06:23

some of the most interesting

00:06:25

fields of this header, first of all

00:06:28

it should be noted that, like the

00:06:31

underlying link layer frame, the

00:06:33

network layer packet also

00:06:35

contains address information

00:06:37

four bytes are allocated to the

00:06:39

sender address and four bytes for the destination address

00:06:43

these are the same IP addresses of computers and

00:06:46

other devices on the network; these

00:06:48

addresses play a decisive role in the

00:06:50

passage of a packet through the World Wide Web of

00:06:53

computer networks; each byte of the address

00:06:56

contains a number from 0 to 255; all together

00:07:00

they can address a little more than 4

00:07:02

billion devices,

00:07:04

which at the time of the development of the protocol was

00:07:06

quite enough for the short

00:07:08

term,

00:07:09

however, in case of an unforeseen

00:07:11

change in the data structure, a

00:07:13

field with the protocol version was provided. After

00:07:17

many years, it turned out that it was not

00:07:19

in vain that four and a half billion addresses were

00:07:22

quickly exhausted in protocol

00:07:25

version 6, 16 bytes are already allocated to the address field

00:07:27

as for both the sender's address and the

00:07:29

recipient's address, this

00:07:33

allows you to create a network with an incredible

00:07:35

number of addressable devices,

00:07:37

probably even more than grains of sand in the

00:07:39

Sahara Desert, but this imprecisely field

00:07:43

called lifetime contains

00:07:45

information about when a packet must be

00:07:47

destroyed if it still

00:07:50

has not reached its destination on in fact,

00:07:53

this is not time, but some number from

00:07:56

which each new router

00:07:57

subtracts one when the value reaches zero,

00:08:01

the packet awaits the fate of being

00:08:03

destroyed;

00:08:04

this is all done in order to prevent

00:08:06

overloading the buffers of switching nodes with

00:08:09

packets that live for too long.

00:08:12

Now it’s worth paying special

00:08:14

attention to two terms: switching

00:08:17

routing if you use them

00:08:20

absolutely precisely, then the switch

00:08:22

carries out switching

00:08:24

and the router does routing,

00:08:27

you probably didn’t expect such a turn;

00:08:29

the switch operates in its own network and

00:08:31

parses the frame only at the data link

00:08:33

level; it is important for it to select the recipient’s mac address;

00:08:37

then using its internal table,

00:08:39

you need to find which port the

00:08:42

device with these addresses is connected to and send a

00:08:44

frame to this port; the

00:08:46

router is a device that

00:08:48

interconnects networks; in its work, it

00:08:50

uses not only mac addresses from the

00:08:52

link layer, but also IP addresses at a

00:08:55

higher level; all this requires

00:08:57

consideration in several issues;

00:08:59

we will be able to cover only the most basic

00:09:02

procedures; at the first stage, it

00:09:05

will be enough understand where these IP

00:09:07

addresses come from, what principle they are based on and

00:09:10

how the interaction of nodes in the

00:09:12

network that use these network addresses in their work occurs.

00:09:16

As you understand, there is still a whole

00:09:19

universe of questions ahead, but you need to comprehend all this in a

00:09:21

very dosed manner, sequential

00:09:24

from simple to complex,

00:09:25

this issue can be completed

00:09:28

subscribe to the channel so as not to

00:09:30

miss anything new,

00:09:31

be curious about what is interesting in the

00:09:33

articles on the Pulse resource and

00:09:36

see you again

Description:

Сперва разберемся почему в пакетах два комплекта адресов. Только самые минимально необходимые сведения для последующего погружения в тему Коаксиальный Ethernet: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_GEv13duPE Процессоры архитектуры MIPS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xAxMn5YhdI Процессоры архитектуры ARM: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYvDfomOEaY

Preparing download options

Popular

HD video

Only sound

All

* — If the video is playing in a new tab, go to it, then right-click on the video and select "Save video as..."

** — Link intended for online playback in specialized players

Questions about downloading video

How can I download "Ethernet. Коммутаторы, маршрутизаторы и IP" video?

http://unidownloader.com/ website is the best way to download a video or a separate audio track if you want to do without installing programs and extensions.
The UDL Helper extension is a convenient button that is seamlessly integrated into YouTube, Instagram and OK.ru sites for fast content download.
UDL Client program (for Windows) is the most powerful solution that supports more than 900 websites, social networks and video hosting sites, as well as any video quality that is available in the source.
UDL Lite is a really convenient way to access a website from your mobile device. With its help, you can easily download videos directly to your smartphone.

Which format of "Ethernet. Коммутаторы, маршрутизаторы и IP" video should I choose?

The best quality formats are FullHD (1080p), 2K (1440p), 4K (2160p) and 8K (4320p). The higher the resolution of your screen, the higher the video quality should be. However, there are other factors to consider: download speed, amount of free space, and device performance during playback.

Why does my computer freeze when loading a "Ethernet. Коммутаторы, маршрутизаторы и IP" video?

The browser/computer should not freeze completely! If this happens, please report it with a link to the video. Sometimes videos cannot be downloaded directly in a suitable format, so we have added the ability to convert the file to the desired format. In some cases, this process may actively use computer resources.

How can I download "Ethernet. Коммутаторы, маршрутизаторы и IP" video to my phone?

You can download a video to your smartphone using the website or the PWA application UDL Lite. It is also possible to send a download link via QR code using the UDL Helper extension.

How can I download an audio track (music) to MP3 "Ethernet. Коммутаторы, маршрутизаторы и IP"?

The most convenient way is to use the UDL Client program, which supports converting video to MP3 format. In some cases, MP3 can also be downloaded through the UDL Helper extension.

How can I save a frame from a video "Ethernet. Коммутаторы, маршрутизаторы и IP"?

This feature is available in the UDL Helper extension. Make sure that "Show the video snapshot button" is checked in the settings. A camera icon should appear in the lower right corner of the player to the left of the "Settings" icon. When you click on it, the current frame from the video will be saved to your computer in JPEG format.

What's the price of all this stuff?

It costs nothing. Our services are absolutely free for all users. There are no PRO subscriptions, no restrictions on the number or maximum length of downloaded videos.