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Russian
00:00:03
that he broke in not on a T-34 but on an M3 with00:00:07
General Grand, aka General Lee, in our00:00:10
unit we went further, that is, the city00:00:12
was liberated, but this does not mean that power00:00:15
returned to it Well, here are two platoons on the00:00:19
city Yes on baptism, it00:00:22
was necessary to provide commandant00:00:24
patrol units to combat theft00:00:29
[music]00:00:44
Good afternoon Dear viewers Dear00:00:48
subscribers00:00:49
on air, another chronicle of my region00:00:52
My name is if anyone doesn’t remember Alexander00:00:55
Kadir and today we will talk about such an00:01:00
important topic as the first liberation of the00:01:02
city of Belgorod00:01:04
Naturally For many of us, the words of00:01:08
the liberation of Belgorod are associated00:01:10
primarily with the date of August 5, 1943,00:01:15
when indeed, during the Battle of Kursk,00:01:16
Belgorod was finally liberated from the00:01:20
Nazi invaders,00:01:22
and very few know that this was the00:01:25
second liberation of our city. And the00:01:29
first time Belgorod was liberated on00:01:31
February 9 1943 and now, on the eve of the 80th00:01:35
anniversary of the first liberation of the city of00:01:37
Belgorod, we will talk about it today, and the00:01:43
real Titan in Belgorod00:01:45
historical science will help me with this. Local historian00:01:50
Yuri Vasilyevich Konnov Yuri Vasilyevich is00:01:52
glad to see greetings00:01:55
Good afternoon00:01:56
Well, where should we start?00:01:59
since, after all, what was the00:02:02
situation that preceded the first00:02:04
liberation of the city of Belgorod,00:02:06
then let’s briefly summarize00:02:08
the capture of the city by the Germans in October 4100:02:11
occupation and actually move on to the00:02:13
situation of the winter of 1943, well that means on00:02:18
October 24, 4100:02:22
the enemy captured Belgorod Well, more precisely,00:02:26
how they captured ours, the combatants left without a fight00:02:30
actions00:02:33
in the immediate surroundings near the city and00:02:36
in the city itself were not carried out; they left00:02:38
Belgorod, the enemy entered and, literally00:02:44
moving a little further outside the city beyond the00:02:48
floodplain of the Seversky Donets, stopped, that00:02:52
is, it turned out that00:02:54
in short00:02:56
Shebekino, that is, the nearest Belgorod00:03:00
regional centers of settlements are00:03:03
more or less large they are were in00:03:08
ours remained but our army did00:03:11
n’t know about it either, the00:03:12
southwestern front continued to march00:03:15
Well, the autumn thaw was just a lot of00:03:21
rain, torrential rains fell and therefore00:03:25
for our army Yes, in general, for the00:03:28
German army it was also very difficult to00:03:30
advance in under these conditions,00:03:33
we retreated, but ours continued to00:03:36
retreat, and only when, on October 25,00:03:39
our Belgorod partisan detachment,00:03:45
having gathered at its base,00:03:49
assessed the situation and saw that the Germans00:03:52
had stopped and were digging in, or rather, not00:03:54
that they were digging in, but were preparing for00:03:57
defense before preparing for defense00:03:59
and realizing what was next about the movement will not be00:04:03
sent several00:04:06
cavalry to inform our00:04:10
troops And they were almost to the00:04:11
fiber reinforcement00:04:14
Well, that is, in this direction where00:04:16
exactly our Belgorod partisan00:04:19
detachment was based and it was based in the Shebekin00:04:22
forests and when they reported then00:04:27
our units00:04:29
returned back but also not immediately, in00:04:33
general, the front line stabilized,00:04:35
that is, somewhere around 10-15 kilometers in00:04:41
different places, here in Belgorod, that is,00:04:43
Belgorod is actually a front-line city, a city00:04:47
but occupied by the enemy, and what role00:04:51
did it play for the German army?00:04:56
Belgorod was, that is, for the Germans it was the00:04:59
Kharkov Industrial region is important,00:05:02
and Belgorod turned out to be a railway00:05:05
junction; the most favorable place was the00:05:08
Northern entrance to create the defensive contour of the00:05:12
Kharkov Industrial region00:05:14
through Belgorod, and00:05:17
therefore Belgorod was the end point00:05:20
for the German army, which they took, and00:05:24
now they began to equip the position of the00:05:27
railway junction; Alexander00:05:30
Sergeevich is correct, you said plus, there00:05:37
were no larger settlements from Belgorod to Kharkov, and as00:05:41
a result, Belgorod began to be00:05:43
strengthened to strengthen the00:05:47
Northern Bypass,00:05:49
by the way, we are talking about a distant park, a00:05:53
distant park, there the Germans shot,00:05:58
buried those whom they hanged, who00:06:02
were shot, you were tortured behind your00:06:04
dungeons, that is Those Patriots and00:06:08
hostages who were executed,00:06:11
in the distant park,00:06:13
defensive structures were created00:06:16
starting from the end of October, and these are the00:06:20
trenches in which they then buried their victims,00:06:25
these were the trenches that were dug with the00:06:28
Germans. Well, to some extent,00:06:31
before the Germans. For the most part, already by the Germans.00:06:35
these were precisely the00:06:38
trenches of this defensive00:06:40
Northern circuit. That is, it turns out that it00:06:43
was not just pits into which the00:06:46
corpses of the tortured were thrown, this trench00:06:52
communication and so on, this is all this00:06:56
all happened00:06:58
by the beginning of 42,00:07:01
that Belgorod was strengthening, and even more so00:07:05
here the offensive near Moscow00:07:11
Our operation had already unfolded for us, it was00:07:18
developing positively and the enemy,00:07:22
assessing00:07:25
the information, assumed that there would be00:07:28
repeated attempts and reset them00:07:32
to return Belgorod back on January 5,00:07:36
1942, after all, the First Attempt to liberate the00:07:39
city was unsuccessful. That is, in fact,00:07:44
some units approached the city and00:07:48
were able to infiltrate somewhere on the outskirts, but00:07:52
without aviation and artillery support for00:07:56
Belgorod failed, that is, these00:08:00
hostilities were constantly going on and for the first00:08:02
six months00:08:04
the enemy occupied Belgorod, Belgorod00:08:06
fortified, he created00:08:09
defensive lines around the city and in the00:08:12
city itself.00:08:13
Well, on the outskirts which are the eastern00:08:18
north-eastern northern outskirts,00:08:21
they fortified there pillboxes00:08:24
were created Well, of course, there was a00:08:28
layered defense, and00:08:31
therefore in the city itself, the occupation00:08:36
regime was serious and the00:08:39
attitude towards the civilian population was more00:08:42
serious than, well, let’s say, if00:08:47
further the00:08:48
front line was from the city itself, that00:08:51
is, checking relations, constant more00:08:54
brutal methods of action and here the00:09:00
military court acted00:09:03
who were right here in the00:09:07
forefront positions and who, without any00:09:11
hesitation, sentenced our Patriots to00:09:14
death. Yes, the death penalty all this00:09:17
left its imprint on the fact that00:09:19
the occupation was cruel. But00:09:22
somewhere at first,00:09:24
the work of the market was even prohibited then he was00:09:28
finally given the opportunity00:09:33
in the month of November, she was already acting 4100:09:38
41 41 Well, in my opinion00:09:44
Well, I could be wrong in my opinion On December 16,00:09:47
Elena of the grapes was hanged,00:09:50
she was no longer the first,00:09:53
she became already and00:09:58
After several years of00:10:01
occupation power, after all they allowed the00:10:03
market and trade to00:10:06
open a00:10:08
temple, that is, the religious Transfiguration00:10:11
Cathedral, it turns out that they are00:10:12
all churches, and that is, it turns out that there was not00:10:17
enough light for everyone. That is, it turns out that00:10:20
they also00:10:23
wanted to find an ally in the Orthodox00:10:26
Church against the Soviet00:10:28
regime. Well, naturally, the Law of God, that00:10:33
is, education, that is, schools00:10:36
were also opened by them and the Law of God was visible in them.00:10:39
It is clear. Well, that is, it is very close to the00:10:44
training program of church city00:10:46
schools in00:10:48
this way and00:10:51
in general, it must be said that it00:10:54
gradually entered00:10:56
Peaceful Although many restrictions were00:11:00
in effect and00:11:03
Well, I always cite How An example is that when00:11:08
a person could come to the same market00:11:10
to exchange some items for products00:11:13
that are00:11:14
always needed without them, he would not want to eat anywhere,00:11:19
so he could end up among the hostages,00:11:23
since somewhere on the outskirts of the city either the00:11:26
corpse of a German soldier00:11:29
or a beaten soldier could be found because that, again, the00:11:34
front line is nearby,00:11:36
often connected Partisans came,00:11:40
of course, one or two were sent for reconnaissance,00:11:44
that is, to reconnaissance the situation and find out00:11:47
what the situation was in the city. That is, this is how it was00:11:50
until the summer of 42 before the00:11:54
German offensive. Yes, the operation was here, this00:11:58
situation persisted. Moreover, it was May00:12:02
month Well April preparation May month00:12:05
When our offensive00:12:09
Barvenkovsky ledge00:12:11
Kharkov offensive operation00:12:13
is sad00:12:15
when the Borovinkovsky ledge00:12:17
was formed all this00:12:21
left an imprint on the actions of the00:12:23
occupiers who feared00:12:26
our actions to00:12:29
recapture Belgorod Clearly,00:12:33
that is, it turns out that00:12:38
attempts to liberate the city were00:12:41
made since January 194200:12:44
attempts not only Belgorod, if we take the00:12:49
front line in general, then the entire00:12:51
territory of Prokhorovka, both of me repeatedly00:12:54
went into combat.00:12:57
Well, somewhere in the documents it is written that it00:13:00
was Reconnaissance in force somewhere, that these were00:13:02
some kind of offensive operations, in general00:13:07
there were a lot of difficulties There was a desire, but there wasn’t00:13:11
enough strength, that is, there was a desire,00:13:14
but there was no opportunity. It turns out that00:13:17
non-aviation is not artillery in sufficient00:13:21
quantities. We didn’t have divisions to00:13:23
support our infantry infantry units,00:13:26
that is, to carry out00:13:29
those tasks. In00:13:31
addition, this is the manner of the offensive00:13:36
in the first half the second year, when it is00:13:39
necessary to strike along the entire front line to00:13:42
harass the enemy. That is, it00:13:45
scattered our forces and pulled them apart, that00:13:49
is, the concentration again too00:13:53
And then we have 1943, just00:13:59
today, by the way, the anniversary of 80 years ago00:14:02
was surrounded and capitulated by the Sixth00:14:05
Field Army yes00:14:09
under the command of Field Marshal Paulus,00:14:11
who by the way was in Belgorod, as00:14:14
they say in the spring of 42, when he00:14:17
was appointed commander of the army,00:14:19
it turns out that yes, yes, he passed through00:14:22
Belgorod. But everyone remembers in00:14:25
the literature that his00:14:28
adjutant00:14:32
wrote down his diary00:14:35
along the street. I was very outraged by this00:14:38
gallows00:14:40
in general, of course, there are00:14:42
no associations very good this is the Gallows,00:14:46
not only because it is the Gallows00:14:49
because it is literally in front of the entrance to the00:14:52
Transfiguration Cathedral, people go to the00:14:55
service Yes to communicate with God, but00:14:59
someone has00:15:01
different, so to speak, there are requests that the00:15:04
person who is right in front of you and here00:15:07
you are having a lot of fun other thoughts are00:15:11
evoked, so here on the street the Gallows was indignant at00:15:16
the memories of his adjutant. He said00:15:20
that if you both want to achieve this in this way, the00:15:23
inclinations of the world's population are00:15:27
mistaken,00:15:33
but they did not comply did not comply. It is clear00:15:39
further that the whole person became clear, and after the00:15:45
Battle of Stalingrad, as we know,00:15:47
the command of the Red Army carries out a00:15:49
whole series of offensive operations00:15:52
not even after Stalingrad, in parallel,00:15:54
it turns out in parallel, because00:15:57
[music]00:15:59
The Battle of Stalingrad is not over yet00:16:01
Well, yes, the encirclement00:16:04
Yes, it took place, but the defeat and00:16:08
surrender of the 6th Army has not yet happened;00:16:13
there are still battles in Stalingrad itself and they have00:16:16
just driven away Manstein;00:16:18
they have suppressed the winter thunderstorm and because00:16:23
Manstein was basically due to the fact that you00:16:27
still broke through our ring of encirclement00:16:29
and gave the opportunity along the street with his00:16:34
units to get out of this encirclement if00:16:36
anyone hasn’t seen exactly this00:16:39
Azarov’s magnificent Soviet feature film00:16:42
Hot Snow watch it, you won’t regret00:16:45
one of the best00:16:48
and very00:16:50
seriously and well filmed,00:16:54
I would say that even for Soviet00:16:57
times, many moments are shown very00:17:00
tragic moments, they are shown very00:17:03
well, but it turns out that it’s January 4300:17:06
Yes, it’s clear that Stalingrad, in00:17:10
general, Everything is working out in our favor00:17:12
Well, with the exception some points00:17:16
But00:17:17
at the same moment a whole series of00:17:22
offensive operations begins in the North00:17:25
Caucasus00:17:27
in the Crimea in the Crimea Yes but also near Leningrad00:17:31
but yes near Leningrad the blockade00:17:37
was carried out on January 18 but here in our00:17:41
places00:17:43
in the territory of the present Belgorod00:17:45
region a00:17:47
whole series of operations are going on00:17:51
which are united by a common00:17:55
Voronezh Kharkov operation, but it00:17:59
consists of several, this is the Ostrogozh00:18:01
Rossoshanskaya Voronezh Kastorzhenskaya and now the00:18:05
Kharkov offensive star star,00:18:08
even some operations they00:18:11
overlap each other, that is,00:18:13
one operation does not have time to finish, already at00:18:16
this time another operation is going on for a day or two00:18:18
That is just Ostrogozhsky Sasha00:18:21
Voronezh Kostornenskaya00:18:24
overlapped each other it was precisely00:18:27
during these operations under the rainstorm and the00:18:29
Italians came under distribution the Italians00:18:31
well the00:18:33
second army never recovered the00:18:36
Hungarian after an00:18:38
article was recently published in the famous publication Lantern an00:18:43
article was recently published dedicated to the battle under the00:18:46
rainstorm00:18:47
as the interviewee as the00:18:49
narrator of the events was the00:18:53
Belgorod local historian Sergei Petrov, well known to all of us.00:18:56
That is, I haven’t watched this one. And00:19:00
they haven’t watched it yet, but I’ll send you the link. Well,00:19:01
thank you. That00:19:03
is, getting distracted there.00:19:05
Sorry. That is, it turns out that a00:19:07
whole series of operations are taking place that00:19:09
overlap each other they are often still00:19:12
few called Stalingrad There and so on00:19:14
in the00:19:16
rainy area In the Alekseevka area00:19:20
they beat the enemy well here but it is necessary00:19:24
Wow What can I say00:19:26
winter of 42 43 years this is not the winter of forty-00:19:30
one forty-two that is, not the first00:19:34
military winter the second winter is milder00:19:41
permanent weather changes, that is,00:19:46
frosty weather gives way to thaws,00:19:49
book like now,00:19:52
we don’t have any snow at all00:19:55
then, after all, there was a lot of snow, even00:19:59
a lot, and to this is added the fact00:20:03
that there was no continuous front line, there00:20:05
were very large gaps between00:20:10
units and basically all combat the actions00:20:14
were carried out either along the railway or in the00:20:18
longer period of the son, and therefore, when the00:20:21
Ostrogozh Rossoshan operation00:20:24
was carried out, the00:20:26
6th Cavalry Corps, which became the00:20:30
7th Guards Corps,00:20:41
was just renamed a little. After all,00:20:44
it00:20:46
entered a breakthrough of00:20:48
the enemy’s defense and00:20:51
walked along the railway; its main00:20:53
task was to take more and00:20:55
more -less significant stations like Valuyki00:21:00
voloknovka Novy Oskol Chernyanka00:21:03
Shebekino00:21:05
Shebekino they bypassed That is,00:21:09
they are the main ones at Chernyanka and that is,00:21:13
they took these stations for what purpose so that00:21:15
the enemy, firstly, could not escape by rail,00:21:20
and on the other hand, so that there was no supply of00:21:22
personnel or ammunition00:21:26
to this group, which was surrounded00:21:28
during the Ostrogozh Sasha operation00:21:30
and it turned out that the00:21:34
enemy00:21:40
really suffered a good defeat. Small Stalingrad ended up00:21:42
here,00:21:43
but00:21:45
these difficult weather conditions. They00:21:49
worked in both directions and in both directions. it00:21:51
was very difficult for ours,00:21:54
you were cut off. Well,00:21:57
in some cases, for hundreds of kilometers, the00:22:02
forward units, that is, did not have time00:22:05
at all,00:22:06
if we look at the list of those units of the00:22:11
formations that liberated00:22:12
the Belarusian routine. Yes, they are the same, and00:22:17
starting there, the poisoning through Valuyki00:22:21
was seen with a fist here in side of00:22:25
Shebekino and from Stary Oskol Well, almost the00:22:28
same thing, we always meet the00:22:32
183rd Infantry Division, the 100th Infantry Division, here are the00:22:35
cavalrymen, then the00:22:40
192nd Tank Brigade, then several00:22:44
separate tank regiments, the00:22:46
309th Division, the 340th Division. That is, all these00:22:51
formations actually move00:22:55
along the highway railway tracks and00:22:59
were going in the direction of Belgorod00:23:02
in some publications. By the way, I00:23:04
came across that the main task00:23:09
before taking Kharkov was to take Belgorod, it’s00:23:12
absolutely not the case that we are there, that is, Kharkov was00:23:15
still considered the main00:23:16
priority task00:23:18
for Belgorod before it was going, you can say00:23:22
the Central group of the Voronezh00:23:25
Front, the Southern group is this is just the00:23:28
sixth guards cavalry corps the00:23:32
third tank army, that is, fishing.00:23:36
That is, partly a connection of the00:23:40
Voronezh front and partly the00:23:43
southwestern front, they are00:23:47
Chernyanka00:23:49
fibers they turned00:23:52
in the direction of00:23:55
Chuguevna Volchansk with the precise purpose of attacking00:23:58
on I did not attack on00:24:01
Belgorod, here another group was marching00:24:04
in fact, the fortieth00:24:12
lieutenant general Moskalenko yes Or the00:24:15
colonel general in this period before the00:24:18
progress there were large00:24:20
ranks of the next That is, by00:24:25
February 9, by February 9, by the beginning of February, that is, there00:24:28
were already all the conditions to00:24:30
launch an attack on Kharkov and,00:24:32
accordingly, on Belgorod because, well,00:24:34
actually, on the00:24:37
second of February, Operation00:24:41
Star begins, and that is, this is the grouping00:24:44
that included tank00:24:47
cavalry units, from the00:24:50
second on the second, on the00:24:52
third, the eighteenth rifle00:24:55
corps00:24:57
was formatted and00:24:59
formed into the00:25:01
sixty-ninth army, which was also00:25:03
marching on Kharkov But the fortieth army00:25:06
continued to march through, in short, to Belgorod on the00:25:10
seventh, in short, ours liberated00:25:13
February00:25:15
in the evening of February 7, they had already reached the near00:25:18
approaches to Belgorod, that is, the fact that there is00:25:21
no continuous front,00:25:25
that the enemy00:25:29
is retreating in separate groups, otherwise they are also advancing in00:25:31
separate groups, all this had an effect00:25:34
that the advance was very fast00:25:38
and the Voronezh front was then, in my opinion,00:25:40
not yet commanded by Vatutina, still a general,00:25:42
still General Golikov.00:25:44
It’s clear, but then let’s actually move on00:25:48
to the events of February 9,00:25:51
1943, until February 7, it turns out that we reached the00:25:53
close approaches to Belgorod. And what00:25:56
was the balance of forces,00:25:59
the balance of forces, well,00:26:03
we we say Divisions division we activate00:26:06
there 183,30900:26:11
rifle divisions up to 192 Tank00:26:15
Brigade 60 62 separate tank regiments a00:26:20
number more00:26:23
precisely a combination of units Well, the name of the00:26:30
division itself Well According to the staff of the beginning of 43 Well,00:26:35
almost00:26:37
9 there are 9 and a half thousand according to the staff in00:26:42
fact in fact it happened much less00:26:45
during this period in these divisions, God forbid,00:26:49
half of them, that00:26:50
is, during the hostilities.00:26:54
Firstly,00:26:55
killed, secondly, that is, irretrievable00:26:58
losses,00:26:59
secondly, wounded, who00:27:03
also had a lot of sanitary losses,00:27:06
plus the weather00:27:08
affected a lot of frostbitten people. Well,00:27:11
it’s clear, that is, people in combat,00:27:15
I got exactly this frostbite00:27:18
while moving, moving exactly00:27:21
[music]00:27:22
zero definite distance, that’s all,00:27:25
or at a halt, at the same time, all this00:27:27
left an imprint that the number00:27:31
was decreasing more and more00:27:33
in the tank spiders and the tank brigade00:27:37
that took part in the liberation of00:27:40
Belgorod,00:27:42
there were fewer tank battalions left00:27:45
companies, that is,00:27:47
12 vehicles at most,00:27:50
more or less on the move, serviceable00:27:53
garden, this is According to the staff, it turns out 10 If00:27:56
my memory serves me correctly, the Soviet gate tank00:27:58
Well, in fact, the company The same00:28:02
battalion00:28:05
was the number obtained00:28:12
naturally with such forces Yes, if00:28:17
the enemy were as00:28:19
staffed as it should be then00:28:24
we would have Belgorod naturally and no matter how00:28:27
quickly we would have advanced and Belgorod would not have00:28:29
taken Belgorod00:28:30
from the enemy, the situation was no better00:28:34
because as they retreated00:28:38
and the 168 Infantry Division and other00:28:43
units that occupied the defense00:28:46
occupied Belgorod,00:28:49
they00:28:51
also suffered sanitary losses and many those00:28:56
who were lost along the way,00:28:59
but not combat losses, and as00:29:03
a result, the00:29:05
balance of forces, that is, we operate00:29:09
with divisions, in fact, we need to00:29:12
operate with the concept of well, brigades, regiments, but00:29:16
no more, in fact,00:29:20
on our side and on the enemy’s side,00:29:25
just during the liberation00:29:28
one I would have anticipated my question, I00:29:30
wanted now Yes, so that we would move00:29:32
directly to the course of the00:29:33
operation itself, to the course of the liberation of Belgorod,00:29:36
because again, there are a lot of00:29:38
different kinds of legends around these events, again,00:29:42
if we remember ours,00:29:45
if we remember, for example, our00:29:47
famous tanker Andrei Ivanovich00:29:49
Popov who broke into Belgorod on00:29:51
his tank, for many it00:29:53
is still a discovery that he did not break into the00:29:56
T-3400:29:58
General Garant, aka General Lee, an00:30:03
American tank that came00:30:06
with a crew of seven people,00:30:08
well, because there was more than one gun.00:30:14
Naturally, to service00:30:17
all the weapons it is necessary there were more00:30:20
people.00:30:22
Well, first of all, I would like to say that00:30:27
if we read the Memoirs, not the Memoirs of00:30:32
those who liberated Belgorod, including the00:30:36
team of00:30:38
army commanders00:30:41
and00:30:43
division commanders,00:30:46
each pulled the blanket to their side.00:30:50
How is defeat always the orphan of this?00:30:54
Victory is a lot of fathers. Well, there were a00:30:58
lot but with each Well, the same 183rd00:31:02
Rifle Division bones, he00:31:06
wrote in his memoirs that 30900:31:10
lagged behind, didn’t really do anything.00:31:13
Rifle Division, but his 183rd, in00:31:18
general, was almost the only one that actually00:31:21
liberated the city if we read the00:31:23
documents of the 192nd Tank Brigade, this 192nd00:31:28
Tank Brigade The brigade liberated the city and00:31:31
got in00:31:36
first. Who was the first to break in now you can’t00:31:40
determine. And even then it was00:31:42
very difficult to determine00:31:44
exactly which unit entered first. Moreover, the00:31:49
183rd division, which was the western part of the00:31:52
city,00:31:53
was liberated by the00:31:55
Tank Brigade and the 309th00:31:58
Rifle Division. They entered from the00:32:02
North. and they took the center of the city,00:32:05
the Eastern part, other formations also took00:32:10
from the Eastern part, that is, they00:32:13
crossed the Seversky Donets and did00:32:17
not even actually advance along the00:32:21
eastern part of the city, but in the southeastern part,00:32:24
that is, they bypassed the city from this side just00:32:28
like the 183rd Infantry Division,00:32:31
by the way, they On the 8th,00:32:34
that is, not yet on the 9th, on the 8th they took the00:32:39
western part. Well, this is now part of00:32:41
the city, then it was these were the suburbs,00:32:45
these were settlements that were part of the00:32:48
Belgorod district and which were00:32:50
not considered outside the city itself,00:32:53
yes, yes, that’s also Pushkarnaya00:32:57
Streletskaya00:33:00
which we We think this is the general name of00:33:03
this area,00:33:05
it was taken on the 8th and our00:33:09
units reached the red dirty one, that is,00:33:12
individual units of the 183rd Division went00:33:16
there already on the 8th during the day, that00:33:20
is, everyone pulled the blanket on their00:33:25
side, but at the same time we must not00:33:27
forget that after all, for the 192nd Tank00:33:31
Brigade and the 309th Infantry Division, it was00:33:35
most difficult for them because00:33:37
they took the city itself, the00:33:39
central part of the north, they entered the00:33:42
city of the north, this turns out to be00:33:45
a nursery through a modern map, if you00:33:49
project it from00:33:51
Michurin’s side, here00:33:52
from sides of Michurina Street through the00:33:55
territory of the current Lenin Culture and00:33:59
Leisure Park Yes And now through00:34:02
Belgorodsky Prospekt along the street of the00:34:06
current fiftieth anniversary of the Belgorod00:34:09
region Popova Chumicheva Here they are for As00:34:14
they say the00:34:20
old name00:34:21
50th anniversary of the Belgorod region was then00:34:24
called Chernyshevsky00:34:26
Belgorod Prospekt this was earlier00:34:28
Litvinova and her in two places crossed00:34:31
crossed Popov Street and Nikolai00:34:34
Chumichev Street, aka Krasina Well, about00:34:37
Pionerskaya, yes Popova was00:34:39
really Pionerskaya Yes, that period00:34:41
Yes, and just try, the tanks were moving00:34:46
platoon, well,00:34:48
in fact,00:34:52
this is the brigade control platoon, the00:34:56
tanks were moving forward, its responsibilities00:34:58
included00:35:00
just let’s say some often00:35:02
visitors We also have a museum with00:35:05
dioramas of the Battle of Kursk in the Belgorod00:35:06
direction, exhibits are presented that00:35:08
tell, among other things, about the first00:35:11
liberation of the city of Belgorod, there is a00:35:13
particular photograph of tanker Andrei00:35:15
Ivanovich Popov. Here They often read00:35:17
the commander of the control platoon of the00:35:19
control platoon of what00:35:20
tank brigades And what was included in his00:35:23
functions his function there was an organization of00:35:26
interaction between the command of the00:35:30
brigade and the tank battalions00:35:33
that were part of ensuring00:35:37
communication of00:35:41
various orders and commands that were00:35:46
received during combat operations, the00:35:52
introduction of00:35:54
accounting documentation and00:35:59
combat operations were always in a tank00:36:04
brigade, each had a certain reserve00:36:07
for which it was nitrogen00:36:10
control that was responsible in the00:36:12
most difficult areas of the harvested00:36:15
areas,00:36:17
this reserve was brought into battle, that is,00:36:20
gold management, it was the connecting link00:36:23
between the00:36:25
commander, the chief of staff of the brigade and the00:36:29
tank battalions directly00:36:30
conducting combat activities,00:36:34
such a question, but you can tell in more detail00:36:39
exactly the feat of tanker00:36:40
Andrei Popov,00:36:41
well, in00:36:43
more detail here firstly, the00:36:50
situation with Popov in general is very confusing,00:36:57
but again due to the fact that what00:37:00
tank did he fight on Yes he entered the city Although00:37:04
back in the00:37:05
50s there00:37:15
were already articles in our local regional and youth press, that is, Belgorodskaya Pravda in Lenin’s shift in which00:37:19
it was said that this tank was not00:37:23
ours and there was nothing for it, it was an American00:37:25
palend-lease that was supplied.00:37:28
One second,00:37:33
literally before00:37:36
the capture of Belgorod itself,00:37:41
changes were made to the crew, the same Khokhlov, the00:37:45
mechanic-driver who00:37:47
Well,00:37:49
for the most part, the00:37:51
memoristics of documents are considered that he was00:37:55
the only survivor of the crew00:37:57
who pulled Popov out of the tanks,00:38:00
and who remained,00:38:03
lost his hands, had his hands torn off, but00:38:07
remained alive after being cured, returned00:38:11
home and worked, of course, he did00:38:14
n’t call up for military service.00:38:18
Well, it’s clear. Well, just in the00:38:20
late 50s he actively began to write to00:38:24
Belgorod that this is how it all was,00:38:28
but he ended up literally just before00:38:32
entering Belgorod in the crew. That is,00:38:36
it turns out that the crew was00:38:37
The crew was00:38:40
sucked in. It was assembled very raw. That is,00:38:44
it was not00:38:46
tested in battles, not everyone in the crew. Here00:38:51
they are they had served for a long time00:38:53
Yes, they had served for a long time, but they were from00:38:56
different crews, that is, such a00:38:59
hodgepodge turned out And this It is clear00:39:04
that the night00:39:06
movement through the city was very difficult00:39:11
then there were no current illuminations Well, it is00:39:14
also clear, of course, that this is all sorts of00:39:16
camouflage This is on the one00:39:19
hand on the other side of the city, few00:39:21
people know this, yes,00:39:24
some information was received about the city00:39:28
and how they will walk where everything is, but00:39:32
again it’s all opposite the00:39:38
current building of the statistical office, that is, here is the00:39:41
actual corner of the statue of the office and00:39:45
Grazhdansky Avenue. The00:39:48
tank was hit, but now there’s a00:39:53
square opposite Yes, yes And at that time,00:39:55
this is the territory of the city square,00:39:58
which went from the building of the current00:40:03
Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Belgorod region. This is where00:40:07
the administration is, roughly speaking, above, above,00:40:10
above the administration. That is, if00:40:12
we let’s say remove remove remove let’s say00:40:20
this square. It’s clear that there were in the park00:40:24
plantings in the00:40:26
square were located graves of victims of00:40:30
the counter-revolution located in the square00:40:34
were moved several meters00:40:37
tens of meters That’s exactly where it is00:40:40
now But it was00:40:43
[music]00:40:45
open area and it’s clear that00:40:48
the Germans would install guns there and00:40:52
fire, and then one of the tanks would fire from the guns00:40:56
who was the first to00:40:59
go, namely the first to turn out to be Popova,00:41:02
he was shot down00:41:05
by the way, there is a good film in which00:41:11
our Belgorod TV journalist Sergei00:41:16
I hope someday he will also be in this studio00:41:19
because he is a person who knows00:41:20
a lot and has been studying for a long time and a very00:41:25
scrupulous history of our city and00:41:28
history the feat of Andrei Popov, in00:41:30
particular, the film was created at the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company00:41:34
Belgorod, the last battle of the heroic00:41:37
crew, you can basically if you go00:41:41
to the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company Belgorod portal there are links00:41:47
or posted these films00:41:49
that were created and there the situation is very00:41:53
confusing both with the crew and with that How did they00:41:56
still move? Yes, as they moved,00:41:59
Popov00:42:01
pinpointed those points00:42:04
from where the machine-gun fire was coming.00:42:07
Artillery was moving, although it was00:42:12
small, but the target colony. Well, there were three00:42:17
tanks moving with an interval of about00:42:20
50 meters between them. And00:42:24
gradually they moved along the city, that00:42:28
is, on the floor, he conducted observation and00:42:31
transmitted data00:42:32
to the brigade command about what the00:42:36
situation was like and some goals. He00:42:40
was observing for which, that is, which00:42:44
were transmitted, again, by the tank moving behind him,00:42:48
and that is, people already knew where and00:42:52
what to expect00:42:54
Well, in this place the tank was hit in a00:42:59
very00:43:01
confusing way, and the memorabilia and00:43:06
in general, and according to the reports that are00:43:09
in the central archive of the Ministry of00:43:11
Defense in the archives of this 192nd tank00:43:15
brigade, there, too, not everything is completely clear and00:43:19
understandable, but we can conclude that not00:43:22
everyone00:43:23
was the00:43:25
crew was wounded, Popov himself was wounded,00:43:31
they pulled him out of the00:43:34
tank. The00:43:36
crew, of course, abandoned the car and as00:43:39
a result, a00:43:41
night battle ensued, that is, they began to00:43:44
fire at the already stationary car and00:43:48
Popov was already mortally wounded, and00:43:52
after some time00:43:57
they are already here. It’s not entirely00:44:00
clear how00:44:02
But this is in my opinion It’s not entirely clear,00:44:05
it’s difficult Of course00:44:07
Because the city looked different00:44:11
in February 3 years, but already across the river,00:44:19
our Tankers appeared in one of the houses,00:44:23
who, to the cry of the tent, brought00:44:27
Popov, already dead, deceased00:44:30
Andrei Ivanovich Popov, it turns out00:44:34
this is this version that he is buried where the00:44:37
railway tracks are now, it also00:44:40
takes place00:44:42
has a right to exist why Well,00:44:46
firstly, because there is evidence of00:44:47
people who lived here00:44:52
then it was a suburb of Belgorod, which00:44:56
means00:44:58
in the area of Kharkovsky Lane and00:45:05
Popov was buried near the weather booth,00:45:12
but then subsequently, when the00:45:16
raids on Belgorod began, already in March, already in00:45:20
March, when00:45:24
he moved and began retaliatory actions, they00:45:30
were connected not only with the fact that the00:45:34
Germans were conducting a counter-offensive, but also with the fact that the Germans00:45:38
received information that the headquarters of the Voronezh00:45:40
Front00:45:42
was located in Belgorod and decided to prepare it. Preparations are underway00:45:46
and therefore00:45:47
in fact, on March 7, maybe even from March 5, they00:45:52
began to gradually level Belgorod with00:45:55
the ground, that is, to actively bomb it on a massive scale,00:45:59
and one of the Bombs hit the00:46:02
burial site on the floor, and that is, it00:46:05
had to be reburied a second time, but there is00:46:08
eyewitness testimony from local residents;00:46:11
all these stories were passed on00:46:16
from word of mouth from relatives who are currently living00:46:20
and00:46:21
this version is that his grave00:46:25
remains there and he is buried there. Well, it has a00:46:28
place to be, it has a place to be, but for this00:46:31
to dot all the points and it is necessary to00:46:33
carry out00:46:35
excavations at this place. It’s clear And besides00:46:39
Popov, there’s also some feats, some00:46:41
heroes of the battles for the first liberation of00:46:43
Belgorod are known00:46:46
Well, more honor00:46:51
in general, all the memorials00:46:55
say the exploits of the same scouts00:46:58
183 Rifle Divisions who00:47:03
advanced to the area of Repny and Gryaznov00:47:06
And thereby00:47:09
Well, in general, they blocked the escape routes along the00:47:12
highway The Germans were supplied with several00:47:14
machine guns and the00:47:18
enemy found that the convoys that were not suitable, first of all, the00:47:21
68th German Infantry Division00:47:26
stood under fire and they were00:47:30
unable to get out, and then the00:47:33
[music]00:47:34
regiments of this Infantry Division00:47:37
were also forced to take up a perimeter defense00:47:40
and in the end they The00:47:43
183rd Infantry Division was completely defeated by its units.00:47:51
Well, there is the00:47:54
309th Infantry Division, Captain Sysoev,00:47:58
who directly00:48:01
developed the plan to enter the00:48:05
city and00:48:08
precisely the movement of the Division to take the00:48:11
central part of the liberation city.00:48:14
But these names appear in the documents,00:48:20
but to say that these were some kind of00:48:26
iconic symbolic Yes, there00:48:30
were no such feats;00:48:35
firstly, it was very unexpected for the enemy00:48:41
that the main attack00:48:44
initially came from the north-west00:48:48
and western side, that is, they expected from the00:48:52
east or north-north-east, and then it was the00:48:55
183rd division that bypassed the city00:48:59
of the West from there and struck on the 8th, it had already00:49:02
passed along the outskirts, that is, the Germans did00:49:05
not expect this, and that is, they had00:49:08
already begun to retreat on the 8th, leaving barriers in the00:49:13
city itself. That is, again, that is, there were no00:49:15
units of formations there in full force00:49:18
that would hold back our00:49:21
advance and for the most part It was00:49:28
simply the defeat of the enemy. It is clear00:49:31
that he tried to leave the city in a00:49:33
more or less organized manner, but it did not00:49:37
work out. I would like to highlight such a moment,00:49:41
we are talking about the liberation of the liberation of00:49:43
the city, that is, on February 9,00:49:45
finally, Belgorod and its00:49:48
surroundings were already in our hands,00:49:53
there are photographs Well, they have been replicated, there are00:49:57
not so many of them, 2-3 photographs00:50:00
that are there right next to the00:50:03
Zheleznodorozhnikov Palace of Culture. Well, in the place where the00:50:06
statistics department is now, and00:50:09
in the place where the tank was actually hit00:50:12
on the floor, there are also three fours00:50:16
and an00:50:17
M3. Is it worth00:50:22
it? these photographs are known, all the00:50:27
civilians there meet the conversation,00:50:31
but00:50:33
our units went further to Kharkov. Well, yes,00:50:38
what is it here? That is, the city was liberated,00:50:42
but this does not mean that power returned to00:50:46
it00:50:47
in the first days.00:50:50
According to the orders that were issued in00:50:54
1942 and the People's Commissariat of Defense and the00:50:58
People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR, that is,00:51:02
after the capture of any00:51:05
settlement of the00:51:07
regional center and Belgorod and Belgorod,00:51:15
to ensure peaceful life and the00:51:18
restoration00:51:20
of the people there is nothing, the00:51:25
border00:51:29
regiments, that is, troops to protect the rear of the00:51:32
active Red Army, which00:51:38
90 9000:51:44
are pure border troops regiments as part of the00:51:48
Voronezh Front, the00:51:50
first regiment is a regiment of internal troops, but00:51:53
which temporarily Became a border guard, so00:51:56
they00:51:58
walked in the second echelon behind the Red00:52:01
Army units and they cleared this territory and00:52:05
took00:52:07
command of the garrison, established00:52:11
[music] a00:52:12
curfew, patrolled the street with00:52:17
undesirable elements With destined00:52:19
elements there were a lot of them in this00:52:23
period, especially when our00:52:26
offensive was so fast and the Germans were00:52:30
retreating to Hungary, the Italians, a lot of00:52:35
scattered groups remained, namely from those00:52:38
armies fighting with us, and it was they who were caught00:52:42
in various leafy little00:52:46
barochkas along the ravines. These are00:52:50
our border guards. military personnel of the00:52:52
internal troops and in Belgorod the00:52:56
92nd regiment was00:52:59
just in these first days establishing a00:53:03
peaceful life and ensuring it, but00:53:06
again, well, this is not the whole regiment. There are two00:53:11
outposts, only this. A little more than an00:53:14
outpost, this is in its composition, but00:53:18
a little more than a platoon.00:53:22
motorized rifle squad Well, there are two platoons00:53:25
for the city Yes, in the surrounding area it00:53:28
was necessary to provide the commandant00:53:30
part of the patrol to combat theft,00:53:34
so00:53:35
a lot of young people were involved00:53:39
who were even before the conscription, they were00:53:44
created by fighter forces00:53:47
Yes And so they helped them and the authorities Well,00:53:54
in fact, the authorities only returned on February 1400:53:58
to the city, that is, again, it was necessary to00:54:01
appoint00:54:02
Well, that is, the Regional Party Committee, the regional executive committee,00:54:07
appointed people who came,00:54:09
returned to Belgorod and began to00:54:13
fulfill their duties, that is, the00:54:15
chairman of the city executive committee, the first00:54:17
secretary of00:54:18
the district committee and the first secretary of the city00:54:21
party committee,00:54:23
of course, they had to00:54:25
look around and00:54:28
find people first of all, those who00:54:32
previously worked in these structures00:54:36
remained under occupation. Well, for various00:54:38
reasons, they were also involved in this00:54:40
work, that is, this process was very00:54:44
difficult, complicated,00:54:48
in fact, you can say that only00:54:52
probably the00:54:53
garden There, in February, Belgorod entered a00:54:57
more or less peaceful rut that is, the front00:55:01
went a little further And it was precisely the00:55:05
installation of stabilization in the city, the00:55:07
situation in the city stabilized and the00:55:09
authorities appeared and again the00:55:15
work of some enterprises was restored,00:55:18
primarily related to00:55:21
the production of00:55:22
products, these are bakeries, this is00:55:28
a thermal power plant then the Central power plant in00:55:33
some At least the railway junction00:55:35
was operational and, of course, trade00:55:40
The shops were open. It’s clear. But00:55:44
regarding CS, let’s say,00:55:48
in particular, again in the00:55:50
diorama museum there are photographs00:55:52
taken by00:55:54
German German officers who00:55:57
were part of the occupation00:55:58
forces there in some photographs.00:56:03
here you can see ces and there, in particular,00:56:07
it is mentioned that there was their00:56:09
ammunition depot. And what happened to this stuff,00:56:13
either they took it or they00:56:15
tried to take00:56:17
everything from here as much as possible with them?00:56:19
Well, as far as I can judge from the00:56:24
documents and materials that I read,00:56:27
what was there in the ces area and then What00:56:32
was in the area of the00:56:35
carriage depot, the station is nearby Well, the00:56:42
enemy was unable to completely evacuate00:56:45
a lot of things remained and there is a lot of00:56:48
evidence that local residents00:56:51
literally00:56:52
rushed to the00:56:57
railway tracks on the night of liberation and the fact that the enemy was00:57:00
unable to remove the00:57:03
carriages was opened and looked at they00:57:05
are located and they took them, they took them00:57:09
first of all, of course,00:57:11
food. It’s clear. But again, on February 20,00:57:17
life in the city stabilized. Yes,00:57:20
we can really say00:57:23
that life was stabilized. The Red00:57:25
Army, at the same time, had already taken00:57:28
Kharkov.00:57:29
Kharkov was already in Poltava. were already approaching00:57:32
again at the end of February in March everything00:57:36
changed well, as far as I remember Even this was the00:57:40
beginning of March March 4 March 4 the00:57:45
German counter-offensive began as a result it was00:57:51
initially00:57:52
assumed that our units would hold back00:57:57
this offensive there would be no such00:58:00
large-scale consequences no one thought00:58:03
that we would have to surrender again00:58:05
Kharkov and00:58:07
because the piper’s battalion group00:58:09
takes Belgorod on March 18. Yes, in fact,00:58:13
they00:58:15
took less than a day from Kharkov to Belgorod, well, this is00:58:20
what the battalion group got to00:58:23
[music]00:58:24
in the memoirs of the00:58:27
deputy head of the00:58:30
city department of the NKVD,00:58:34
namely the deputy chief of police00:58:36
Popov, which are stored in the00:58:40
state archive of the latest The history of the00:58:41
Belgorod region is very interesting00:58:44
That’s right Memories The man00:58:46
went through so many interesting00:58:50
events,00:58:53
starting from the fact that he participated in the00:58:56
first battles of the Civil War, you can00:58:59
make a feature film, but it was00:59:03
during the Great Patriotic00:59:05
War that he served in Belgorod and00:59:09
participated in the organization of the Partisan00:59:12
detachment and laying00:59:15
food bases and weapons In00:59:18
1941 and 1943, in February and00:59:22
March, he was just restoring the work of the00:59:25
police in the city and was one of those who were00:59:29
actually the last to leave the city;00:59:33
he00:59:35
and several other police officers00:59:42
climbed the mountain on March 1800:59:46
chalk mountain, but on the one that still00:59:48
existed, that is, in the place where00:59:50
the car market is now, and not in that place00:59:54
now the cross is standing no no Because the00:59:57
mountain itself with the remains of the fortress, the first01:00:00
fortress, it is still01:00:02
under the car market,01:00:05
that is, the car market in that place is the01:00:08
mountain itself - then this dear one was razed, but it was01:00:12
then that it was still in 194301:00:14
and they climbed this mountain and they did not01:00:18
see how01:00:21
the Germans were gradually advancing through the streets of the city with infantry and01:00:26
armored vehicles and their all-terrain vehicles, the city was on01:00:30
fire.01:00:32
Moreover, he wrote that it was burning especially in the01:00:37
eastern part For some reason, the city and the01:00:41
northeastern part01:00:44
burned more. It is precisely in his01:00:47
memoirs that this is indicated. Well, it so01:00:51
happened that just before his eyes he01:00:54
left on01:00:56
March 17, 17, 18, they were together,01:01:01
this Alexandrov, the first secretary of the01:01:04
city party committee, crawled and a number of other01:01:09
employees and01:01:12
members of the Komsomol district committee and a shell exploded next to them01:01:16
and01:01:19
many had to be rendered assistance;01:01:22
many were wounded, first of all,01:01:25
Komsomol members. Well, in general,01:01:27
these are interesting memories of a01:01:30
person who directly01:01:31
experienced this Tragedy of the second01:01:34
abandonment of the city. It’s clear01:01:36
what happened next, I think many of01:01:39
our viewers They know very well that then there will be a01:01:43
Spring thaw which led to the01:01:45
establishment of a strategic pause, then there01:01:48
will be the Battle of Kursk and then on August 5,01:01:50
1943 there will be the second and final01:01:53
liberation of the city of Belgorod. Well, I would like to01:01:56
add Aleksandrovich. The only thing is01:01:58
that units that had01:02:03
gone through good urban battles there were transferred here,01:02:07
and again Belgorod became pre-front That01:02:11
is, in fact, the front line passed01:02:13
again along the floodplain of the Seversky Donets. But you01:02:17
and I will talk about this01:02:19
another time when we talk about the01:02:22
Battle of Kursk. And we definitely won’t01:02:24
talk because this year marks the01:02:25
80th anniversary of the war. first since the01:02:29
start of this Great Battle,01:02:30
secondly, 80 years since Day 2 and the01:02:33
final liberation of the city of01:02:35
Belgorod, so I am more than sure01:02:37
that you and I have Yuri Vasilyevich. And not01:02:40
only with Yuri Vasilyevich there will be01:02:42
many more interesting videos and many01:02:45
interesting topics for conversation. today's01:02:48
program is completed and today's01:02:51
program is completed Like01:02:53
subscribe to the channel my01:02:57
land love my land honor your history01:03:01
because whatever it is, this is our01:03:04
story, we don’t have and won’t have another story01:03:06
on this optimistic note I01:03:09
think we can finish Thank you for01:03:12
your attention Thank you very much Yuri Vasilievich01:03:14
And thank you very much too01:03:18
[music]01:03:20
[applause]01:03:24
[music]Description:
0:00 - Интро 0:46 - Вступительное слово 2:17 - Захват Белгорода немцами. Оккупация 12:43 - Белгородчина в 1942-начале 1943 года 13:59 - Новый 1943 год 14:13 - Генерал-полковник Паулюс в Белгороде в 1942 году 15:43 - Наступательные операции зимы 1943 года 24:25 - Подготовка к наступлению на Белгород 25:46 - Бои за Белгород в феврале 1943 года 29:29 - Ход боев за Белгород. Танкист Андрей Попов 33:46 - Как брали Белгород 34:20 - Вспомним старые названия белгородских улиц 34:50 - Взвод управления. Что за зверь такой? 36:42 - Подвиг танкиста Андрея Попова 45:20 - Немецкое контрнаступление на Белгород в марте 1943 года 46:46 - Герои первого освобождения Белгорода 49:45 - Организация жизни в освобожденном Белгороде 57:33 - Немцы берут Белгород 01:01:40 - Что было дальше
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