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Video tags
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Russian
00:00:37
Mighty bison among the age-old oak forests. Swift eagles00:00:44
over endless impassable swamps. Tireless wolves,00:00:51
elusive lynxes and unpredictable bears of the dense forest. Flocks of00:00:58
light-winged birds in a blue-eyed country ...00:01:02
All this is Belarus, - a heaven virgin nature, preserved by00:01:08
people for the present and future generations...00:01:54
Springtime. South Belarus. Polesie. Ice drift. This is Pripyat - the main00:02:02
waterway of the Polesye lowland.00:02:05
The length of Pripyat is almost 800 km. In the spring, the river floodplain is filled with melt water00:02:15
for several months and turns into a00:02:18
huge sea. Perhaps that is why00:02:23
one of the most important migratory routes for00:02:26
waterbirds passes here . The floodplain of Pripyat - provides shelter for hundreds of00:02:32
thousands of feathered migrants. Geese, ducks, swans, waders ...00:02:38
Endless rows of birds over the endless floods of the00:02:41
majestic Pripyat. It is no coincidence that this river is called the00:02:49
Amazon of Europe. But even here, among the endless00:03:01
protected floods, the Middle Pripyat stands out - the00:03:05
largest river floodplain in Europe, still00:03:08
preserved in its natural state. In 1999, the00:03:16
republican landscape reserve "Middle00:03:21
Pripyat" was formed here . In 2001, the reserve was included in the Ramsar00:03:31
List of Wetlands of International Importance.00:03:35
All ecosystems typical for Polesie and rare in Belarus and Europe are00:03:43
concentrated on the territory of the reserve00:03:47
- ripe floodplain oak forests, lowland swamps, various00:03:53
floodplain meadows, numerous oxbows, rivers and lakes. The presence of00:04:00
these unique biotopes led to the preservation of00:04:04
many rare species of animals and plants here. This reserve is of00:04:09
great importance for rare and endangered00:04:12
birds in Europe. Among them: a duck that has practically disappeared00:04:16
on the continent - a white-eyed duck, one of our most vulnerable00:04:23
eagles - a great spotted eagle, an impeccable artist of spring00:04:29
currents and a sandpiper00:04:32
badly damaged by changes in wetlands - a snipe, the famous aquatic warbler, a mysterious00:04:41
inhabitant of floodplain oak forests - a black stork geese00:04:47
, which have become rare on the nesting grounds - bean bean and white-fronted,00:04:53
while numerous ducks are still here on the flight - ties and gray, mysterious00:04:59
nocturnal predators - an eagle owl and a short-eared owl.00:05:02
Where the Lan River flows into the Pripyat, among the oak groves flooded00:05:10
with water, there is one of the largest00:05:13
colonies of ankle and copepods in Europe . Centennial oak trees among00:05:21
impassable shrubs turned out to be an ideal00:05:24
nesting place for herons and cormorants. Hundreds of nests.00:05:30
Thousands of birds. It is a naturalist's luck to00:05:34
see this immense flock of birds. Such a colony of fishing birds00:05:39
is the best evidence of the still preserved fish00:05:42
stocks in this main river of Polesie. After all, each00:05:45
cormorant needs about 300 grams of fish00:06:10
a day ...00:06:19
Another unique section of the Pripyat floodplain is located00:06:22
on the edge of the ancient city of Turov. The reserve is called00:06:30
“Turovsky meadow”. Its territory covers only 140 hectares.00:06:36
It was created in 2008 to preserve the00:06:39
natural complex, the richest in its species diversity.00:06:48
Sand spits among meadow grasses are used for nesting by00:06:52
waders and gulls, forming unique colonial00:06:55
settlements. In some places, the density of their nesting00:06:59
exceeds 100 pairs per hectare. Among the inhabitants of00:07:10
these colonies there is an interesting northern sandpiper, an00:07:15
elegant oystercatcher , a miniature tie plover,00:07:23
dashing turukhtans ... Tournament fights between males00:07:31
decorated with luxurious collars are a common00:07:33
sight in the Pripyat floodplain. Surprisingly, each00:07:38
male turukhtan has its own unique outfit.00:07:41
In spring, the most ancient inhabitants of river valleys - marsh turtles -00:07:56
move here, to shallow lakes .00:07:59
In the valley of the Pripyat River, in the interfluve of its right tributaries00:08:49
- the Stviga and Uborty, the Pripyatsky National Park is located.00:08:56
The park was created in 1996 on the basis of the reserve of the same name,00:09:04
which has existed since 1969. In the process of reorganization, the00:09:12
area of the national park was significantly00:09:15
increased due to the inclusion of new territories of the near-channel00:09:18
part of the Pripyat River. The national park has the international00:09:21
status of a key bird area.00:09:28
The most unusual and, perhaps, the most important landscapes00:09:31
here are floodplain forests. They were formed under conditions of00:09:37
constant flooding and are unique00:09:40
throughout Europe. Floodplain oak forests are especially interesting.00:09:46
For 50 kilometers they stretch in a narrow strip along the Pripyat.00:09:51
In depressions and hollows alternate with alder forests00:09:56
and floodplain meadows. In spring, these places are flooded00:10:03
with water for a period from several days to 2 months or more.00:10:09
The inaccessible forests of the Pripyat floodplain are rich in rare00:10:11
species of animals and plants. Ecotourists enjoy00:10:20
watching a variety of owls here: from a giant - an eagle owl,00:10:24
to a crumb - a little owl, several species of00:10:30
woodpeckers, the largest of the feathered predators - the white-tailed eagle.00:10:37
Numerous small rivers flow through the park:00:10:45
Staraya Ubort, Svinovod, Utvokha, Moat, Krushinnaya,00:10:50
Korostinka. Part of the territory is covered by a melioration00:10:54
system of the late 19th century, the total length of which is00:10:58
280 km. There are over 300 floodplain lakes in the national park . And when spring comes, up to 70% of the territory of the00:11:09
national park can be covered00:11:13
with water during floods00:11:15
.00:11:16
There are about 20 thousand rivers in Belarus. Their total length00:11:27
is more than 50 thousand kilometers. But Pripyat00:11:31
is on a special account. Its water, despite all the transformations00:11:36
and environmental disasters, still gives strength to all00:11:39
living things in this unique territory - whose name is00:11:42
Polesie.00:11:43
And this is the north of the country. Belarusian Poozerie. The world of00:12:27
dark coniferous taiga forests and glacial lakes, rapid00:12:31
forest rivers and impenetrable swamps. The oldest in the country00:12:40
Berezinsky reserve, which was organized back00:12:43
in 1925. Beaver is the species to which the reserve00:12:57
owes its birth. The main task of the reserve00:13:03
in the first years of its existence was the protection and breeding of00:13:07
game animals, especially the river beaver.00:13:10
A hundred years ago, he was on the verge of extinction. Like00:13:15
many other representatives of the animal world of European00:13:18
nature - bear, elk, lynx, deer. Now there are00:13:25
tens of thousands of beavers in Belarus . And in the reserve, just00:13:34
100 kilometers from Minsk, the capital of Belarus, in the wild00:13:37
today you can observe the behavior of the rarest00:13:41
animals in Europe ... Brown bears have completely disappeared00:13:46
in many places. In Western Europe, they survived00:13:50
only in Scandinavia and in the mountainous regions of the Pyrenees, Balkans00:13:54
and Carpathians. More than 30 bears live in the Berezinsky reserve00:14:00
, and meeting with them here has long been a00:14:03
common occurrence. As with the last wild00:14:31
cat of European forests - the lynx.00:14:33
Here, in the protected forests, wolves arrange their dens , the rarest species of owls and00:14:54
eagles are raised00:14:59
. Birds are the special pride of the00:15:10
reserve. First of all, these are grouse: wood grouse,00:15:16
black grouse, hazel grouse. On large currents , up to two dozen male wood grouse and up to three00:15:24
dozen black grouse00:15:27
gather in spring .00:15:54
The abundance of food predetermines the species diversity and00:15:57
high numbers of predators. Among them are the Great Gray and00:16:05
Long-tailed Owl, Short-eared Owl, Upland00:16:10
Owl, Golden Eagle, White-tailed Eagle, Greater and Lesser Spotted Eagles.00:16:17
Today the total number of biological species inhabiting00:16:24
the Berezinsky Reserve exceeds 6000. And this is00:16:28
not a complete list. Hundreds of new species of wildlife are00:16:33
waiting for their researchers.00:16:44
In00:17:11
most cases, species disappear from the face of the Earth due to the00:17:14
destruction of their habitats. The more intensively the development of00:17:21
new lands and their transformation by man, the more00:17:25
important protected areas become. The value of protected natural complexes is00:17:32
invaluable for preserving the whole variety00:17:35
of life forms on Earth, for saving its gene pool.00:17:39
In Belarus, about 30% of the land is under various forms of protection00:17:48
. In addition to the Berezinsky Biosphere00:17:56
Reserve, the country has four national parks,00:18:01
85 reserves of republican significance, 348 reserves of00:18:06
local importance, 305 republican and 544 local natural monuments00:18:12
. It is in these territories, first of all,00:18:16
that the rarest, most vulnerable species of animals00:18:19
and plants have been preserved .00:18:24
Wildlife reserves are of particular conservation value.00:18:28
This is the most numerous type of protected natural00:18:30
areas in our country. The law provides for00:18:38
several types of reserves. If it is necessary to preserve rare00:18:41
species, a biological reserve is created. For the preservation of00:18:50
ecosystems or natural complexes - landscape00:18:53
reserves. To preserve swamps, lakes, sections of river00:19:01
floodplains, hydrological reserves are created. In order to preserve00:19:11
objects and complexes of inanimate nature - geological.00:19:23
The hydrological reserve of republican significance00:19:25
"Yelnya" was founded in 1968.00:19:31
The territory of the Yelnya nature reserve is the largest00:19:35
raised swamp in the republic . Each such swamp is a piece of00:19:41
tundra landscape, moved to the south for thousands of kilometers.00:19:45
This is a world that has preserved in itself evidence of the past grandiose00:19:50
movements of glaciers. Therefore, the inhabitants here are00:19:55
all, as if by selection, with a northern flavor. All of them are rare00:19:59
and, as a rule, have a permanent registration in the Red Book.00:20:08
Among them there is a restless golden plover, a long-legged00:20:13
medium curlew, a swift hobby falcon and our smallest00:20:21
"tree" - a dwarf birch. Only a few00:20:26
points on the map of Belarus are places where it grows.00:20:32
On the outskirts of the Yelnya nature reserve, one of the most00:20:35
mysterious and mysterious of our eagles - snake-eaters and00:20:40
restless osprey - the most specialized feathered00:20:44
predator-fisherman settled . The high importance of the Yelnya forest bog00:20:52
complex for the conservation of biological diversity is00:20:55
confirmed by its international conservation status:00:20:59
this is an area important for birds, a key botanical00:21:02
area, and a Ramsar site.00:21:05
The territory of the republican landscape reserve00:21:13
"Osveisky" is a large natural00:21:16
complex of lakes, forests, transitional and raised bogs. The core of the00:21:22
reserve is Lake Osveyskoye - the largest00:21:26
breeding ground in the Poozerie region and a summer-autumn00:21:29
concentration of not only rare, but also most00:21:33
common species of waterfowl: mallard, red-00:21:37
headed duck, coot. In the reserve, 3 species of mammals included in the Red Book of Belarus00:21:45
found refuge . Brown bears keep00:21:48
in the most inaccessible places, badgers make their00:21:53
holes in the woodlands, the last wild cat, the lynx,00:21:58
hunts among forest and swamp complexes. Among the birds00:22:01
living here for the preservation of the biological diversity of00:22:05
Europe, the most significant are: big bittern,00:22:12
red-headed duck, golden eagle, osprey, black grouse.00:22:20
Swamps, like floodplains of rivers, are a kind of visiting00:22:24
card of Belarus. In terms of diversity, size and degree of preservation,00:22:31
Belarusian swamps are unique throughout Europe.00:22:34
The area of individual marshlands reaches 200 square00:22:39
kilometers. No matter how different the swamps are, scientists00:22:45
distinguish two main types of them - upland and lowland.00:22:53
The raised bogs seem to be covered with a soft moss00:22:56
cushion. All upland bog plants are accustomed00:23:01
to a poor diet. This is not surprising: in the upland00:23:05
bogs, the layer of peat is very thick, the water from the lower layers,00:23:09
rich in minerals, most often does not reach the00:23:12
top, to the roots of plants. Moisture on such can get00:23:16
into such a swamp only with rain and snow, "from above".00:23:19
Therefore, the swamp is called a high bog. Most of the00:23:25
raised bogs are located in the north of Belarus - in the Belarusian00:23:28
Poozerie.00:23:31
And in the valleys of Polesie rivers, open low-lying00:23:35
swamps have been preserved . Lowland swamps are indeed usually found00:23:44
in the lowest places. They necessarily get00:23:47
waters rich in mineral salts. These can be streams00:23:51
and rivers overflowing during floods, water flowing00:23:54
into the swamp from its banks, mineralized springs00:23:57
from the bottom of the bog. Such swamps are almost completely00:24:01
destroyed in Western Europe. And in Belarus their area00:24:04
is more than 450 km2. It is in the lowland swamps that a00:24:10
unique bird lives - the aquatic warbler.00:24:14
She is one of the rarest in Europe. The swirling warbler00:24:17
is the only passerine bird classified as a globally00:24:21
threatened species on the continent. More than half of its world00:24:25
population lives in Belarus.00:24:31
The largest habitat of this endangered bird00:24:34
species in Europe is the Sporovsky reserve. Here, experts00:24:38
count annually up to 2,120 singing males of the Aquatic00:24:42
Warbler. The Sporovsky reserve is located00:25:02
on the territory of four districts of the Brest region. It is one of the00:25:05
largest lowland bogs in Europe. The reserve is a00:25:09
Key Bird Area and Ramsar00:25:12
Site. This is an amazing corner of00:25:15
nature, where numerous species of animals and plants00:25:18
have found their shelter . The significance of the reserve is that the Sporovskoe00:25:22
bog is one of the most natural lowland00:25:25
bogs in Europe with a rich unique flora and fauna.00:25:30
The Sporovskiy reserve is noted for its species diversity00:25:32
and abundance of medicinal plants.00:25:35
In areas to the east of Lake Sporovskoe , rare protected orchid species grow00:25:39
in abundance .00:25:41
With all the general similarity of the reserves - being linked00:25:44
to large swamp-forest tracts - each of them00:25:47
has its own unique face. The differences between the northern and southern territories00:25:52
are especially clearly visible .00:25:56
The swamps and, accordingly, the reserves of the Vitebsk region, as00:26:00
well as Dubatovskoe in the Smorgon region, owe their origin to00:26:05
the glacier. Cranberry reserves in the south of the country00:26:10
are located mainly in low-lying bogs, which appeared00:26:13
as a result of tectonic processes and under the influence of the00:26:17
waters of Pripyat.00:26:37
It's not for nothing that our country is called the blue-00:26:40
eyed Belarus - the land of blue lakes. There are over 10 thousand of them in the republic. The names of00:26:45
the largest of them - Naroch, Osveiskoye, Drisvyaty, Chervonoye,00:26:50
Lukomlskoye, are probably fondly remembered by all00:26:53
those who have visited them at least once ... And each lake00:26:59
is inhabited by a unique world of animals and plants.00:27:11
But most of all lakes are in the Belarusian Poozerie. That is00:27:14
why the two largest national parks of the country "Narochansky" and "Braslav00:27:17
Lakes" are located here, in Poozerie00:27:21
. The purpose of national parks,00:27:24
in addition to preserving wildlife, is also00:27:27
showing it to tourists. Lake natural complexes are the00:27:31
best suited for these tasks.00:27:33
National Park "Braslav Lakes" was created in 199500:27:50
to preserve the unique natural complex of the Braslav00:27:54
group of lakes. The park is located in the northern part of Belarus,00:28:00
on the territory of the Braslav region and covers an area of00:28:02
about 72 thousand hectares. Braslav is the center of the National00:28:04
Park, one of the oldest cities in Belarus.00:28:06
The most attractive natural features of the00:28:09
park are its relief and lakes. Relatively rare landforms such as kams00:28:16
and ozes are widespread here00:28:20
. They form the highest parts of the territory.00:28:25
The relief of the Braslav Upland is a monument to the geological00:28:29
activity of the Ice Age. 18-20 thousand years ago00:28:33
there were vast ice fields, the thickness of which reached00:28:37
several tens and hundreds of meters.00:28:43
The melting of ice was accompanied by the formation of a large00:28:46
number of water bodies - a characteristic feature of the Poozerie nature.00:28:50
There are over 200 lakes in the Braslav district. The lakes are combined00:28:59
into groups, among which the Braslav lake group stands out00:29:02
. The largest of the lakes in the Braslav group00:29:04
is Lake Drivyaty. The lake is shallow and therefore00:29:10
warms up well. In Lake Drivyaty, as well as in00:29:14
other lakes of this type (Nedrovo, Voiso), the00:29:16
world of fish is the most diverse. There are 30 fish species00:29:20
in the lakes of the Braslav region . The most valuable are pike perch and eel.00:29:25
The most valuable water body is the Voloso South Lake00:29:29
- the deepest in the National Park. Its00:29:33
maximum depth is 40 meters and 40 cm. The lake is known for the00:29:38
extraordinary purity of its water, which can00:29:41
be eaten. The transparency of the water is 7 m. This00:29:45
lake is a natural laboratory for the study of00:29:48
rare and endangered crustaceans and fish. This is the only00:29:52
lake where a full range (4 species) of00:29:53
relict crustaceans protected in Belarus lives . Lake Nespis is notable for its00:29:57
numerous islands. The second largest island in Belarus, Chaichin,00:30:01
is located on Lake Strusto . A number of rare00:30:05
bird species nest on the islands of the00:30:08
Braslav Lakes , such as the great and small bittern, gray goose,00:30:14
great merganser, great curlew, and gray gull.00:30:26
Narochansky National Park was established in 1999.00:30:31
It is located on the territory of three regions: Minsk,00:30:35
Vitebsk and Grodno. 17% of the park's area is occupied by00:30:41
lakes, there are about 40 of them here. The00:30:47
largest lake in Belarus, Naroch, is located here. The lakes are surrounded by00:30:52
untouched forests. The national park has the largest number of00:30:56
pine forests among all forests in Belarus.00:31:00
The region of Lake Naroch is distinguished by a diverse fauna. The network of00:31:12
reservoirs creates conditions for the existence of a rich00:31:15
complex of aquatic animals: fish, coastal terrestrial00:31:19
vertebrates; provides an opportunity for the concentration of00:31:22
various waterfowl here during the period of seasonal00:31:26
migrations. The Blue Lakes tract has the status of a key00:31:35
botanical territory of international importance.00:31:40
There are 30 plant species included in the00:31:43
Red Book of the Republic of Belarus. Among them are the00:31:46
forest tulip00:31:51
, the common ram, the lady's slipper, the00:31:53
common centipede, the forest anemone, the dark red dremlik .00:32:01
By the way, there are interesting natural areas00:32:04
very close to our cities and towns. They are very important00:32:10
- because many can visit them. A striking example is00:32:23
"Dubrava" wildness area. It is located in the capital of Belarus - Minsk.00:32:27
Как можно догадаться по названию - его самая главная00:32:30
достопримечательность – вековые дубы. Это на самом00:32:35
деле большая редкость. Дубравы давно исчезли из00:32:38
многих европейских мест. А, представьте себе, как00:32:44
необычно смотрятся они в черте города. Минчане00:32:49
по праву могут гордиться своей дубравой.00:32:52
На самом деле – это не только памятник природы, но и памятник00:32:59
истории, народной поэзии. История славянства создавалась00:33:05
среди дубов. “Встретишь старый дуб – сними шляпу”00:33:09
– говорят чехи. Под священными дубами,00:33:12
а такими назывались самые старые деревья - у славян00:33:15
проходили все важнейшие события – собрания, свадебные00:33:19
обряды, суды. Деревья обносились оградой и к ним могли подходить00:33:24
только жрецы. Там совершались жертвоприношения, предсказывалось00:33:29
будущее. У дубов люди просили: “Сохрани, пращур, наши00:33:33
злаки от бури, града и палящего солнца! Защити от злых хазар00:33:38
и печенегов род наш – детей своих!”00:33:45
Земля под дубами считалась лечебной, давала людям00:33:48
силы. Почему давала? Она и сейчас00:33:53
дает нам здоровье – там, где мы сохранили дубравы.00:33:58
Возле них всегда много и животных, и растений – словно00:34:01
под защитой царя-дерева.00:34:03
Кстати, по закону можно охранять и единичные деревья.00:34:36
Представьте природные объекты, уникальные по00:34:38
своим характеристикам, но незначительные по величине,00:34:41
недостаточные для того, чтобы на них создавать00:34:42
заказники. Такие объекты охраняются, как «Памятники00:34:44
природы». Это и вековые деревья, и старинные парки,00:34:48
и участки с реликтовой растительностью, места00:34:50
произрастания редких видов растений, небольшие озерки,00:34:54
болотца, каналы, родники, крупные валуны.00:35:00
Памятники природы подразделяются на ботанические, геологические00:35:05
и гидрологические. В Пожежинское лесничество00:35:09
Малоритского района Брестской области приезжают, чтобы00:35:13
полюбоваться царь-дубом, под которым, согласно преданию,00:35:16
отдыхал русский полководец Суворов. Высота дерева00:35:19
46 метров, диаметр около 2 метров, возраст около00:35:25
800 лет. Это самое старое в Беларуси дерево дуба00:35:28
обыкновенного. Как все громадное некогда на Руси00:35:33
называлось с приставкой «царь» (царь-пушка, царь-колокол)00:35:36
так и это дерево, свидетель многих столетий, называется00:35:40
в народе «царь-дуб». Для разных деревьев природа00:35:47
отмерила разный век. Именно поэтому на учет и под охрану00:35:51
берутся дубы только старше 400 лет, сосны и ясени – старше00:35:55
250, ели – после 200 лет. В Беларуси не так уж и много00:36:05
гигантских валунов, которые были принесены сюда ледниками00:36:08
из Скандинавии. Специалисты читают по ним историю нашей00:36:12
природы. Один из таких чудо валунов00:36:16
находится в Сенненском районе Витебской области.00:36:19
Только посмотрите! Один из самых больших на территории00:36:23
Беларуси – Чертов камень Воронинский. Более 10 метров00:36:27
длиной и 4 высотой! Сейчас на территории Беларуси00:36:38
выделяется более 300 памятников природы республиканского00:36:42
значения и почти пятьсот - местного значения.00:37:01
Памятники природы не создаются для охраны животных ввиду00:37:05
их способности к перемещению. Но в нашем законодательстве00:37:08
есть специальные формы охраны таких территорий.00:37:12
Это – особо защитные участки – ОЗУ. Если в вашей местности00:37:15
есть гнездо орлана-белохвоста или нора барсука, вокруг00:37:19
них создается особо защитный участок радиусом 399 метров,00:37:24
где запрещена, например, рубка леса.00:37:40
Вековые сосняки и ельники, светлые березняки, могучие00:37:43
дубравы – память о нетронутых пущах Европы. Лес является00:37:51
родным домом для самых разных зверей. Косуля, кабан,00:37:57
волк – этих обитателей леса мы знаем с самого ранненго00:38:02
детства. Белорусы гордятся своими00:38:05
лесами. Они раскинулись почти на семи миллионах00:38:08
гектар. Это площадь лесов Албании, Бельгии, Великобритании,00:38:13
Греции, Дании, Швейцарии вместе взятых. За год леса00:38:19
Беларуси вырабатывают более 60 миллионов тонн00:38:21
кислорода. Каждый гектар леса в год очищает воздух00:38:26
от 70 тонн пыли.00:39:00
Километр за километром – леса, леса и леса… Налибокская00:39:05
пуща – самый большой лесной массив в Беларуси, и, наверное,00:39:10
во всей Восточной Европе. Это целая «страна» — лес,00:39:17
который по площади больше, например, Ливана или Кувейта.00:39:20
И все это в относительно небольшой удаленности00:39:25
от столицы Беларуси – Минска. От него до этих лесов – около00:39:28
100 километров. Здесь есть столетние дубравы, грабовые00:39:40
леса, заболоченные черноольшаники, сосновые боры, ельники.00:40:16
Здесь же протекает всемирно известная река Неман. Батька00:40:20
Нёман – так зовут эту реку белорусы. Впадает Неман00:40:24
в Куршский залив Балтийского моря, пересекая на своем00:40:28
1000-километровом пути кроме Беларуси – Литву и Россию.00:40:49
Между прочим, именно Налибокская пуща могла стать первым00:40:52
в царской России официальным заповедником: известный00:40:56
натуралист Фальц-Вейн, создатель прославленной00:40:59
степной Аскании-Нова, имел в местечке НалибОки свою00:41:03
усадьбу и планировал организовать в окрестных лесах заповедник00:41:06
по охране бобров. Первая мировая война изменила00:41:10
планы энтузиаста… На территории Налибокской00:41:15
пущи в настоящее время функционирует республиканский00:41:18
ландшафтный заказник.00:41:27
И, наконец, самый старый лес Европы – Беловежская00:41:38
Пуща. Огромные дубы, высоченные00:41:47
клены, многовековые сосны… Представьте, средний возраст00:41:53
всех деревьев 90 лет, а патриархи достигают 200, 300 и 400-летнего00:42:01
возраста. Беловежская Пуща – единственный в Европе00:42:07
массив леса, в котором более за тысячу многовековых00:42:10
деревьев. Это юго-запад Беларуси.00:42:20
Это, действительно интернациональная, международная территория.00:42:26
Беловежская Пуща расположена в двух странах – Польше00:42:29
и Беларуси. Вся ее площадь - более 1500 кв.км. Таких лесов00:42:36
в Европе больше нет. Сохранению этих уникальных00:42:47
мест способствовало то, что в разные эпохи здесь00:42:50
охотились литовские, польские, русские коронованные особы,00:42:54
короли, цари и прочая дворцовая знать. Пуща охраняется00:43:01
и считается заповедным государственным лесом00:43:03
с ХIV века. Это – старейший из заповедников...00:43:10
Сейчас здесь – Национальный парк, а еще у Пущи есть статус00:43:18
биосферного (это значит – эталонного для Европы)00:43:22
заповедника. А еще он включен в список Всемирного наследия.00:43:26
То есть этот старый лес настолько уникален, что00:43:29
находится в одном списке с Московским Кремлем и00:43:32
Красной площадью, египетскими пирамидами и Великой китайской00:43:36
стеной. Этот древнейший лес Европы00:43:47
является исключительным для европейского континента00:43:50
по богатству видов флоры и фауны. Здесь обитает 5900:43:58
видов млекопитающих и 258 видов птиц, а беспозвоночных00:44:03
животных описано уже более 15 000 видов. А еще здесь произрастает00:44:14
более 3000 видов грибов, 308 видов мхов, 330 видов лишайников,00:44:19
более 1000 видов высших растений. Только деревьев здесь растет00:44:23
26 видов. Рекордные цифры. В урочище «Тиссовик» среди00:44:35
осушенного низинного болота в пойме реки Наревки сохранилось00:44:39
единственное в Беларуси естественное место нахождение00:44:42
пихты белой. Пихта здесь представлена00:44:50
всего лишь 23 взрослыми деревьями и немногочисленным00:44:53
подростом. 15 гектар пихтарника на всю Беларусь! Наиболее00:45:08
редкий среди кустарников — плющ обыкновенный, находящийся00:45:11
в Пуще у восточной границы ареала. Плющ — настоящая00:45:17
лиана, единственная в Беларуси. На территории пущи произрастают00:45:21
более 60 видов, находящихся под особой охраной и занесенных00:45:26
в Красную книгу Беларуси. Там, где много растений,00:45:30
всегда много и животных. В Беловежской пуще разнообразие00:45:34
растений ошеломляет. Что тогда уж говорить о животном00:45:38
мире! Наиболее богаты животными00:45:43
широколиственные леса пущи: зубр, европейский00:45:48
благородный олень, европейская косуля, лесная куница, лесной00:45:54
хорек, лесная соня, зеленый и средний дятлы, серая неясыть,00:46:01
зяблик, иволга, лесной жаворонок, лазоревка, черный дрозд,00:46:05
зарянка, веретеница, медянка, квакша и многие-многие00:46:11
другие. Но первобытность Пущи,00:46:33
естественно, составляют самые крупные животные00:46:35
континента – зубры. Жили зубры здесь в те далекие00:46:43
времена, когда рядом с ними обитали мамонты и шерстистые00:46:47
носороги. Те давно вымерли, а зубры до сих пор живут.00:46:53
Их здесь сегодня более 300 особей.00:47:01
Зубр - живой символ белоруссой природы, ее красоты, могущества00:47:06
и ранимости. В начале 20 века в дикой природе он00:47:10
был полностью истреблен. И только благодаря усилиям00:47:13
человека – зубр снова живет здесь, среди столетних00:47:17
дубов, грабов, кленов, лип и ясеней...00:47:21
Сегодня в Беларуси создано уже 9 вольноживущих гуппировок00:47:27
зубров с общей численностью более 850 зверей.00:47:33
Это – не просто цифры. За ними – большая работа самых00:47:36
разных людей. В Беларуси только за последние00:47:39
пять лет выполнены десятки международных природоохранных00:47:42
проектов, уникальных по своему содержанию и объему.00:47:46
Таких, как беспрецедентное по масштабам восстановление00:47:50
деградированных торфяных земель и превращение их00:47:53
в полноценные болотные системы. Организация новых00:47:57
охраняемых лесных территорий, сохранение биологического00:48:02
разнообразия наиболее ценных лесных массивов,00:48:06
разработка и осуществление долгосрочных планов управления00:48:09
природными популяциями самых редких видов животных00:48:13
и растений. Создание информационных центров и образовательных00:48:17
учреждений в заповедниках и заказниках. И даже первые00:48:21
в странах СНГ экологические переходы для животных под00:48:25
автомобильными дорогами…00:48:30
Природу нужно беречь. Потому что каждый живой00:48:37
организм: будь-то птица или зверь, растение или00:48:40
гриб, огромный медведь или кроха-муравьишка, красавец00:48:45
журавль или страшная гадюка; каждый природный ландшафт:00:48:49
будь-то Беловежская Пуща или маленький кусочек соснового00:48:52
бора за околицей, красавица-Березина или спрятанный ото всех00:48:56
глаз лесной ручеек, бескрайняя Нарочь или пересыхающая00:49:00
каждое лето заболоченная старица - все они неповторимы,00:49:06
уникальны в этом мире.00:49:17
Конечно, зубр живет не в каждом лесу. И далеко не00:49:20
на каждом болоте гнездятся беркуты и черные аисты.00:49:24
Но любая роща, река и луг населены тысячами других00:49:27
существ, самых разнообразных по форме, окраске и поведению.00:49:36
Они достойны нашего внимания и… нашей охраны.00:49:40
Мир дикой природы Беларуси живет своей естественной00:49:53
жизнью, - яркой и многообразной, предоставляя всем нам возможность00:49:59
наслаждаться его красотой. И для этого нужно совсем00:50:03
немного – всего лишь пройтись по этой удивительной земле00:50:07
её заповедными тропами …Description:
Wilderness trails off Belarus land. Belarusian land is full of wonders of wildlife. Extensive old-growth forest, nature reserves and national parks are home to many species of rare and endangered flora and fauna. Unique natural monuments and landscapes from which are breathtaking. Local ecosystems are striking in their pristine nature and biodiversity. All this inspired us to create a film about the wildlife of Belarus. Written, directed and filmed by Igor Byshnev. Music by Natalya Teterevskaya: Commissioned by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental of the Republic of Belarus. Беларускі варыянт: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qG-H5inR4aw FB - https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser VK - https://vk.com/filmstudioaves instagram - https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Twitter - https://twitter.com/FilmStudioAves Portfolio - https://www.istockphoto.com/portfolio/byshnev
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