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00:00:10
So We00:00:12
return to the Kingdom of Nicholas00:00:15
I. Foreign00:00:17
policy, I have already said00:00:21
that even in the00:00:25
last year of Alexander’s life, the view on the00:00:28
problem of the Greek uprising on the00:00:30
relationship with00:00:33
Turkey began to change seriously. But then Emperor00:00:38
Alexander passed away, Emperor Nicholas ascended the throne00:00:43
and, in principle, it’s00:00:46
time00:00:49
to look around and develop a00:00:52
foreign policy he00:00:57
did not have a course in foreign policy00:01:01
Why did the00:01:04
Decembrist uprising decide to use the Ost00:01:09
campaign, in fact, this is where the00:01:22
ongoing struggle of England against Russia and00:01:26
Russia with England for hegemony in00:01:30
colonial00:01:33
influence both in Asia and in the Balkans and00:01:38
in in the north of00:01:42
Africa, our historians, especially the00:01:45
Soviet CIO, in this sense were more honest,00:01:48
they lived in the00:01:49
Empire and they were either imperialists, that00:01:53
is, they openly called the Armed Forces, or they00:01:55
were00:01:56
social democrats and liberals, they00:01:58
criticized it, but they did not make it a00:02:00
secret that Russia has its own00:02:03
great powers interests and these00:02:07
interests lie in Russia's desire00:02:12
to expand either through wars and annexation00:02:16
or through economic and00:02:18
political control, if not by00:02:20
annexing directly to Russia. So00:02:22
in this sense,00:02:27
Russia, of course, was very much00:02:31
for the great powers of Europe, starting from00:02:34
Peter the Great,00:02:36
it moved every time and specifically00:02:40
how now it is customary to say crossed their00:02:42
path crossed their path in the Balkans and in the00:02:46
Levant, that is, in the Middle00:02:49
East. And this became especially clear00:02:53
under Catherine I. When Russia began00:02:57
to defeat the Ottoman Empire over and over again and00:03:00
annex and strengthen its00:03:03
influence in the Christian part of the00:03:06
empire.00:03:09
Since the time of Alexander, the00:03:13
next step has taken place. Russia goes beyond00:03:16
its natural natural borders; it00:03:20
penetrates into Asia, but into Asia, not the same00:03:24
as Siberia and the Far East. From00:03:27
my point of view, I would like to00:03:30
share from my point of view, Siberia and the00:03:33
Far00:03:34
East, in a climatic sense,00:03:38
were perceived as continuation of Russia and00:03:41
I think that if you board the00:03:44
Trans-Siberian Express, roughly speaking, and00:03:47
travel through the main part of our00:03:51
country, this is not the case on a plane, you00:03:53
need to fly in winter, I flew on a plane00:03:56
to Tomsk, flew on a00:03:58
business trip, permanent Snowy00:04:00
expanse for more than six hours00:04:03
yes, it gave the impression of00:04:05
continuity. But when you are traveling on a train for 2400:04:09
hours, two three four five six00:04:13
seven in de tenth00:04:16
Vladivostok, you can00:04:19
look out the window every minute. Well, if you are not sleeping or the00:04:21
restaurant car is busy with something else, then00:04:25
you, in00:04:26
principle, do not feel that you are00:04:36
natural-climatic palm trees, you also don’t00:04:38
see monkeys and blacks00:04:41
hanging in clusters on one or the other, you’re not a racist00:04:44
Well, the comparison just came to mind, you don’t see,00:04:49
you understand In general, the principle00:04:53
of typification and00:04:55
so00:04:58
Siberia00:05:00
in Russian 400 years were not wasted.00:05:04
That means you’re in you don’t find yourself in a foreign language environment00:05:07
again summer spring winter00:05:10
autumn Winter00:05:12
snow the feeling that you are in Russia00:05:15
New Year’s if you are even in Yakutsk or00:05:19
Okhotsk even the devil in00:05:22
Kamchatka00:05:24
you understand therefore therefore from my point of00:05:28
view Russia goes beyond its limits00:05:31
precisely under Alexander I when She00:05:35
quite quickly joins00:05:38
Georgia and00:05:41
Azerbaijan behind the Caucasus, this is a completely00:05:46
different climate, definitely different languages, definitely00:05:51
different appearances. Well, go, I don’t know, to the00:05:56
Forge Market. Look at this00:05:59
appearance. Well, it’s definitely00:06:01
different;00:06:04
the emotional range is different; all this is00:06:08
no longer Russia; that’s00:06:12
clear And from this moment on, I would00:06:16
say that a colonial psychology begins to appear in her00:06:25
and she begins to behave as both00:06:30
as a society and as00:06:34
ideologists from the point of view of the metropolis and00:06:41
colonization,00:06:44
please read Ermolov’s notes and00:06:48
Ermolov’s letters when he was the governor of00:06:51
the Caucasus, read Alexander’s letters00:06:58
Read Sergeevich Griboyedov, even Alexander Sergeevich00:07:01
Pushkin, a trip to the art room,00:07:04
read Memoirs of the officers of00:07:06
the Caucasian Corps, letters from the Caucasus from the00:07:10
officers of the corps. Well, the soldiers wrote little,00:07:12
you understand, literacy was00:07:15
tense there already in the00:07:19
first half of the century before the Crimean00:07:22
War, you understand, yes, there is already this00:07:26
opposition, we, they are a00:07:30
European dash Russe00:07:36
Asian00:07:38
predators00:07:40
are normal civilized people You see,00:07:45
when the00:07:46
Caucasus mountaineers are officially called predators in documents, they00:07:53
felt completely00:07:56
different00:08:01
in the center and not on the periphery in00:08:04
relations with these00:08:06
peoples, they felt like bearers of a00:08:10
higher civilizational00:08:14
principle. Soldiers because they are Christians00:08:16
And these are00:08:18
Muslims or in general pagans00:08:21
you understand00:08:23
officers as more educated seeing how the00:08:26
local Beks and Bai are governed, which means the00:08:29
local peoples said, oh my God,00:08:32
what savagery and we are also accused of00:08:34
something. That’s where00:08:37
Asia is. The generals are the governors in this case.00:08:42
I’m talking about the Caucasus, they pretty quickly00:08:44
started talking about that that it is necessary to00:08:47
educate, to teach schools to open, to teach00:08:49
them the Russian language, to accustom them in general to00:08:51
Russian and Tero-European culture, and in00:08:54
this00:08:55
way they experimented about nothing, it didn’t00:08:58
work00:08:59
Ermolov revealed lines about his00:09:02
predmertishchevo, which means he tried to00:09:05
carry out such a policy Ermolov writes And what did00:09:07
he succeed when he stopped to be on00:09:09
the spot, he went back to Russia, these00:09:12
predators under his care robbed and took away00:09:16
everything he was carrying with him,00:09:19
but they only understand the exchange between the00:09:30
Caucasus and for the00:09:33
Caucasus. While this force was being00:09:38
used, they expelled him with a certain00:09:40
kind of00:09:41
calm, that is, what was00:09:44
necessary for development economy and the00:09:48
slow culturalization of these00:09:51
societies But this was precisely the00:09:58
basis of the vision of competitors, primarily00:10:03
Great Britain, France was00:10:05
not able to stretch its arms so far.00:10:08
Moreover, they weakened after the Battle of00:10:12
Waterlow in the00:10:15
City they were very00:10:18
nervous about the00:10:21
problem of maintaining and increasing00:10:25
their possessions in India around00:10:28
it, a00:10:29
purely geopolitical idea00:10:33
was00:10:35
already guiding, even in the era of the Napoleonic00:10:40
wars, to penetrate into neighboring Asian00:10:44
states and begin to control them in one way or another00:10:48
so that no one could encroach on00:10:51
India;00:10:56
France could not do this,00:11:01
since Spain was already on its hands and knees00:11:04
and was simply turned to dust by00:11:07
Napoleon who captured it and the war00:11:09
that was going on there. It was obvious that the00:11:12
only country that could00:11:15
compete, and for the British even00:11:18
then this was equivalent to the concept of00:11:23
a threat, this is00:11:27
Russia00:11:34
from here already in the era of00:11:37
Tilsit, that is, between the seventh and00:11:40
twelfth00:11:43
years when the Russians00:11:46
became closer to France, the British began to00:11:49
support Istanbul and Tehran against00:11:56
Russia That is, in fact,00:12:02
in00:12:04
18091, the Tiret years And in the Persian war00:12:07
ended in the thirteenth year, Russia00:12:10
fought not only against the Sultan and Shah,00:12:14
but also00:12:15
against the support provided to them both from00:12:18
Paris and from00:12:23
London, albeit not always military but00:12:25
always00:12:27
diplomatic00:12:30
as soon as the war in Europe stopped00:12:33
after the Battle of00:12:37
Waterloo, the City finally realized that00:12:41
now the main Opponent in matters of00:12:44
Preservation and expansion of the empire is00:12:47
Russia and no one00:12:51
else00:12:53
conflicts knives firstly around00:12:57
Turkey and secondly around00:13:01
Persia Although it was more difficult for the Russians to get to Persia00:13:05
than to Turkey, but then Persia is00:13:09
much00:13:10
closer to India, it was in the neighborhood of00:13:14
no Pakistan, it00:13:17
was the Western part of00:13:21
India.00:13:25
Afghanistan was perceived in the same way, so any step of the Russians00:13:29
on the Caspian Sea and in00:13:32
Transcaucasia and deep into the Kyrgyz cages of the00:13:35
steppes of the Aral00:13:38
Sea definitely responded on the banks of the00:13:43
Thames with vibrations of the soil at 4 points lower And00:13:48
it was perceived as00:13:58
that Russia is asleep and00:14:01
sees to capture00:14:04
India, everything that is between India and Russia is00:14:06
as if by itself She will capture But00:14:08
India attracts her and00:14:12
therefore the idea has matured to launch a whole series of pre-emptive00:14:17
strikes on the Asian border of00:14:21
Russia by the hands of Asian states or00:14:25
peoples and Here is its implementation - the war of00:14:29
Iran against Russia in00:14:34
18262, when00:14:37
peace was concluded with the Persians In the00:14:40
thirteenth year in October. That is, you00:14:44
understand that the entire war of00:14:47
1812 went on in parallel with the continuation of the00:14:50
war with the Persians in00:14:54
Transcaucasia and who provided military00:14:57
support to the00:14:59
Persians and the00:15:01
company was simultaneously captured a key00:15:04
position in the narrow neck of the Persian00:15:08
Gulf leading to the Arabian00:15:10
Sea, who protested against this was precisely00:15:14
Russia, believing that it violated the freedom of00:15:17
trade of Persia and with the Persians. This was already a00:15:20
source of00:15:23
conflict; it00:15:27
was this year, that is, at the height of the00:15:30
Napoleonic00:15:34
wars, it escalated when00:15:37
war was formally declared on England in the ninth year,00:15:40
smoothed out in the twelfth with the outbreak of the war,00:15:44
but did not00:15:46
disappear And after everything in Europe00:15:49
calmed down, the company I would not want00:15:53
you to deceive Although it is officially an00:15:55
independent financial organization, it is00:15:59
connected by an umbilical cord with the government and with00:16:03
parliament, the English state00:16:05
rented out artillery to the fleet officers00:16:11
and sometimes even regiments, for which they received00:16:15
additional income. So, my son, the00:16:18
company hastily began the military00:16:21
modernization of Iran. There is no other way to00:16:25
call it hasty because it only took00:16:31
12 years, even less than 10 years in those00:16:35
days, it was very fast. Truth I must00:16:38
say honestly the Persians, unlike the Turks,00:16:41
are the public in which in the 10th century there was definitely00:16:43
no food for the horse, that is, they were even00:16:48
worse; we must say thank you to the Shah;00:16:50
he, their poor fellow, was00:16:57
reborn; they came to the already ready00:17:06
Persian army,00:17:26
re-equipped into infantry and00:17:28
sent instructors to the cavalry the00:17:30
officers of the army changed their clothes on the floor00:17:33
in the European manner, to completely change their clothes00:17:36
in the European way, the Persians refused. Just as00:17:38
ours at one time did not want to shave their beards00:17:40
under Peter the Great, that means, but since the00:17:42
Persians didn’t rely on their beards, but for00:17:45
some reason, on their headdresses, and so they00:17:47
remained in these high their sheepskin hats have00:17:49
cone-shaped hats, not like the00:17:51
Turkmens or the00:17:55
Caucasus, but I wasn’t interested in this, it’s00:17:58
not bad. Then the Turkmen should00:18:00
wear this option, it really creates00:18:03
such a unique waterproofing there,00:18:06
and when the uprising took place on00:18:12
Senate00:18:13
Square, the British embassy in Tehran00:18:18
stated that in fact00:18:21
The Civil00:18:24
War began in Russia. How they explained it, they said that Aler00:18:29
died and now Mirza Nikolai and Mirza00:18:34
Konstantin are fighting for the00:18:37
throne. This was clear to the Persians, that00:18:40
is, this is how they translated this00:18:42
slogan that the rebels put forward00:18:44
on the eve of the uprising in St. Petersburg, that they are00:18:47
for Constantine and the Constitution they00:18:50
didn’t explain these things to the Persians, but the00:18:57
adaptive Eastern mentality It’s time to00:19:01
start, you can00:19:04
attack the Shah himself was old and00:19:09
no longer a particularly capable person for anything, but00:19:12
he had two dozen00:19:14
sons and there was an heir to the throne who00:19:18
actually ruled the country. It was00:19:20
Abbas00:19:21
Mirza who lived in Tabriz is the capital of00:19:25
Persian00:19:27
Azerbaijan and in fact created military00:19:31
arsenals and manufactories there00:19:35
and was preparing at a convenient moment to00:19:40
start a war again and break the00:19:43
Gulistan peace treaty of00:19:46
1813. I00:19:49
remind you that according to this00:19:52
treaty the Persians abandoned the modern00:19:55
territory of00:19:57
Azerbaijan in favor of00:19:59
Russia. Modern Armenia belonged to the00:20:02
Persians as before,00:20:05
but there note that historical Armenia did00:20:09
not00:20:10
exist, the country was divided in the00:20:14
15th centuries, three quarters went to the00:20:19
Ottoman Empire and 1 persian here00:20:22
1 per even will soon become part of Russia00:20:26
and after 10000:20:28
T thanks to this the Armenian00:20:32
Soviet Socialist Republic will appear00:20:34
now and the Republic of Armenia is, in00:20:36
fact, an independent Armenian00:20:38
state Abas00:20:42
Mirza, after some thought, decided that00:20:49
the time had really come and in the spring of00:20:53
1826, without a declaration of war, as00:20:58
was customary in the east. In such cases, the00:21:02
Persians suddenly attacked the Russian00:21:05
advanced border posts. On00:21:11
July 16,00:21:15
1826, war broke out in Transcaucasia.00:21:19
Now it’s clear why I said that00:21:21
Nicholas did not have time to formulate a00:21:23
foreign policy course,00:21:26
everything had to be done right then and there00:21:29
Peron went, the train also went, and in00:21:33
different directions, as they say in such00:21:39
cases, Persian troops attacked the00:21:43
Russian camp in the Mirak tract on the00:21:47
Northern border of modern Armenia,00:21:49
now this is the Armenian00:21:50
territory on the border of Armenia with Georgia, the name of W.00:21:57
Ingu ravaged Maly Small00:22:01
Karasy Border region with Georgia in the00:22:04
north of modern Armenia and also at the00:22:06
junction with the Turks, this is where it actually00:22:09
began, but not with00:22:12
the pleasures on the Indian border00:22:14
because it resembled about the00:22:16
same thing when the Sioux pulled out the ax of war and00:22:18
began to burn American pine forts00:22:21
in the Dakotas were introduced here regular00:22:25
Iranian troops, Abas himself, at the head of a00:22:28
thousand-strong army, crossed the Araks Araks - this is still00:22:31
today the border of Azerbaijan with Iran00:22:34
and invaded long-suffering Karabakh and the00:22:39
Talysh Khanate; his task was to00:22:44
go to Tiflis in Georgia to repeat the pogrom of00:22:50
1795 described by Pushkin.00:22:55
I send you on a journey to Vroom00:23:00
separate detachments of the Persians spread00:23:03
over most of the territory of Azerbaijan they00:23:06
attacked Len Karan and Nukha they besieged00:23:09
Baku and Kuba in the north of Azerbaijan.00:23:13
Thus reaching the foot of the00:23:16
Dagestan mountains, individual Khannas and mullahs00:23:21
raised an uprising against the00:23:26
Russians. The rule in Azerbaijan00:23:30
established since00:23:31
1804 was softer than the power of the locals.00:23:36
Khans and Persians before that00:23:40
time. In addition, the Russians abolished00:23:45
slavery and therefore the common people in00:23:48
Azerbaijan00:23:50
supported the Russian government and not their00:23:53
thugs00:23:56
in the fuss. But it was Azerbaijan that became00:24:00
the theater of war in which the00:24:03
Persian and Russian troops were now moving. The00:24:10
Iravan00:24:13
Testament of Paul is the modern Ganja Abbas00:24:17
Mirza moved to the Elizabeth Field, but on00:24:21
its threshold there was a small city and the00:24:24
fortress of00:24:26
Shusha00:24:28
ram borders and00:24:30
Kuroy Shusha was defended by a small detachment of00:24:34
Russians under the command of Colonel00:24:37
Reut and Abas Merza besieged Shusha for almost 2 months00:24:41
and could not take Shusha in any way,00:24:46
taking advantage of this,00:24:56
Prince Matov inflicted the first00:25:01
blow on the Persians portrait of Madav You can see in the00:25:04
gallery of the war of00:25:06
1912 the effect of the painting, so00:25:11
the person immediately understands that this Eastern00:25:15
man Madatov was a big scoundrel, but00:25:18
at the same time, the excellent cavalry general00:25:21
Denis Davydov left murderous,00:25:24
sarcastic, poisonous00:25:26
memories about NM, but at the same time it did not00:25:29
affect his military abilities as a00:25:33
person at all Madatov with a small00:25:38
detachment00:25:43
concentrated on the bank of one of the rivers00:25:46
that flow into Sevan from Georgian00:25:49
territory went on the00:25:53
offensive, he moved from the Akf River00:25:58
to the Shamkhor River and defeated00:26:03
Amirkhan and already on September 5 drove the Persians00:26:06
out of Ganja Elizabeth Fields Aba Merza lifted the00:26:10
siege of Shushi and moved to00:26:13
Mada Matova had no more than two and00:26:17
a bit thousand00:26:19
people, the heir00:26:26
Presto made a00:26:29
mistake on a personal level, strategically, he00:26:32
did everything right, tactically, he also00:26:37
decided that it was time for00:26:41
Nikolai Pavlovich’s favorite General Paskevich, who had arrived from St. Petersburg, to clear his head.00:26:48
Let him take the troops. Yes,00:26:54
the logic was00:26:56
simple right away for two years he commanded the division And00:27:00
here is independent command Yes,00:27:02
against the Asian00:27:04
army, Paskevich had00:27:07
8,500 near Elizabeth, the battle00:27:12
broke out on00:27:15
September 13, the result was, as expected, the00:27:18
Persians were defeated and thrown beyond the Araks,00:27:25
the victory ended there,00:27:29
why was it a wrong00:27:33
step? Yes, this Victory meant that even without00:27:38
Ermolov ours troops can defend the00:27:42
Caucasus and beat the00:27:56
invasion00:27:58
d the seventh year began with the fact that on00:28:01
March 29 he was abandoned; his00:28:09
career at 50 years was ended once and00:28:13
for all. Ermolov was no longer allowed into the ranks.00:28:18
What was it like for him?00:28:21
He generally expressed this in his00:28:23
notes and in my00:28:26
correspondence00:28:32
it must be said that in addition to00:28:44
Paskevich, I also sent Dibich last year to investigate and monitor the IRM. It should be noted that Dibich in this00:28:47
situation was still more honest than00:28:52
Paskevich in prophesying00:28:56
that the troops were in excellent00:29:00
condition and00:29:07
animated by the yoke while Ermolov was still there00:29:11
governor, but naturally did not00:29:13
protest against the removal of00:29:17
Yermolov. So the main00:29:22
commander of the Nost00:29:26
Volya was replaced, having fought00:29:28
during the war from00:29:32
1804 to00:29:34
1813, the00:29:38
same Yermolov officers who fought with the00:29:42
highlanders in the Caucasus remained the00:29:45
same, for this00:29:48
reason00:29:51
Paskevich00:29:54
practically could not be defeated and was right00:29:58
in the year, very unreliable people were sent to him for00:30:03
reinforcement; it00:30:06
was a consolidated Guards regiment made up00:30:09
of those companies of the Moscow Guard of the00:30:11
Grenadier Guard regiments that did not00:30:14
participate in the00:30:16
Uprising; they remained in the barracks; this was00:30:18
their punishment for not00:30:26
stopping; they were transferred to00:30:30
privates. Some of the00:30:33
Decembrists who stayed in Siberia00:30:36
softened from cold Siberia to warm in00:30:41
Transcaucasia Now they had every00:30:45
chance to catch the lead and maybe if the00:30:51
very Povet ever00:30:53
earn00:30:56
forgiveness there was also a00:30:58
number of officers who were taken00:31:01
out of investigation but left in00:31:04
suspicion, the most famous among them -00:31:07
this is the grandson of Generalissimo00:31:11
Suvorov, Alexander Arkadyevich, who00:31:13
had to fight00:31:15
Eve Two wars before the emperor00:31:22
forgives him, military actions flared up in00:31:27
modern00:31:30
Armenia in the Yerevan00:31:36
direction in00:31:37
May,00:31:40
Paskevich moved the bulk of the troops to the00:31:44
Irevan00:31:45
Khanate on June 8, he took the spiritual00:31:50
capital of Armenia and turned it into a base00:31:52
for his The00:31:58
main army, led by Switch, moved to the00:32:01
lower Araks00:32:03
Nakhichevan, it must be said that Ivan00:32:06
Fedorovich acted00:32:08
competently00:32:10
already at the end of June, Nakhichevan opened its00:32:14
gates and Paskevich planted the fortress of Abas00:32:18
Abbot on the very bank of the Araks south of Nakhi.00:32:37
Araks and on the territory of present-day00:32:41
Iran on July, under Jivan Bulak,00:32:47
Abas rzu was defeated, the second army was00:32:56
defeated, the month of July arrived.00:32:59
To understand what happened00:33:01
next, you need to visit the valley and00:33:06
Rivan; the00:33:08
heat there in00:33:10
the highlands was00:33:12
insane; Tiv and cholera;00:33:15
dysentery; troops began to die;00:33:19
Krasovsky took them away; the blockade passed00:33:24
to this very00:33:28
and Taras Where from modat last year the00:33:31
offensive began there is a good Valley there is a00:33:34
lot of shade and fresh clean water flowing00:33:38
from the mountains troops began to come from themselves00:33:41
Abas00:33:42
Mirza with a third00:33:45
army of00:33:47
30,000 rose to the north of the00:33:50
Yerevan Khanate00:33:53
crossed the border and into the00:34:00
Krasovsky camp but00:34:03
Krasovsky did not get lost and went for a00:34:08
breakthrough, broke through to the00:34:10
ChNU at this very time Paskevich moved00:34:14
back to00:34:15
Ivan, that is, our forces began to be pulled00:34:19
together again00:34:27
September Paskevich besieged Van on October 100:34:31
took it by storm The00:34:34
Armed Forces Eastern Armenia was liberated from the Persians once and for all,00:34:38
they are no longer there00:34:42
never00:34:45
returned after00:34:47
that, Paskevich deployed the army and the floor00:34:52
again to the south again00:34:55
Nakhichevan did not00:35:00
cross the Raks in early October of the00:35:04
seventh year and moved to Tabriz, the00:35:07
capital of Abas Mirza, a detachment of00:35:19
leaders of the 19th main forces with a pack00:35:22
occupied the capital of Abas00:35:25
Mirza in front of the00:35:28
Shah sent his diplomats and00:35:32
peace negotiations began, there00:35:35
was no more strength to fight, but Abas Merza and the00:35:38
British continued to intrigue. Now,00:35:40
already in Isgan,00:35:43
Paskevich, having information from00:35:47
St. Petersburg, that a war was about to begin with00:35:55
Tumi, January, two00:35:59
blows that transferred the entire Persian00:36:02
Azerbaijan into his hands, he was defeated Lake00:36:04
Urmia and occupied Urmi with one00:36:08
detachment and with the other moved towards the00:36:11
Caspian00:36:14
Sea and occupied Ardabil this was January 2500:36:19
February 10 in Turkcha Griboedov00:36:23
sealed the peace treaty with his signature00:36:27
any illusions among the Persians disappeared it was necessary to00:36:31
reconcile according to the Turkmanchay00:36:35
Treaty Erivan and Nakhichevan were transferred to Russia00:36:40
Khanate Russia received00:36:44
the only right to maintain a military fleet on the00:36:46
Caspian00:36:48
Sea the Persians were obliged to give the Russian00:36:53
merchants the most favorable regime00:36:57
in London they fought in hysterics but they00:37:02
could not do anything, so00:37:05
Iran entered the Sphere of Russian interests00:37:08
What they remained until00:37:13
1917 this is how the Russian-Iranian war ended00:37:18
a war that lasted a year and a half,00:37:21
in principle, if there was an opportunity for a00:37:25
wide war of the French and British with00:37:28
other peoples of Asia and North Africa,00:37:31
you would see that this is a single scenario, there is00:37:35
nothing exceptional here,00:37:38
Europeans, thanks to the high level of00:37:40
civilization, thanks to the modern00:37:42
structure of the Armed Forces,00:37:45
high00:37:46
discipline and a higher level of military and00:37:49
general culture, of course, is being beaten by the00:37:51
forces of Asian states that are far superior to them,00:37:57
that is, what happened was what should have00:37:59
happened, and the00:38:01
British found themselves for the first time, but not the00:38:03
last time, in the role of00:38:07
instigators. In 80 years, they will act00:38:10
in the same role in relation to Japan, but00:38:13
here it is Russia will be weaker and the Japanese00:38:16
will defeat the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War,00:38:18
fortunately the Revolution00:38:25
began in April, the Russians are00:38:30
crossing the pond, the war with the00:38:37
Turks begins for the first time in the history of00:38:40
Russian-Turkish00:38:41
wars, the war will be fought on two00:38:46
fronts four times, so in this00:38:50
war, then in the Crimean then in the war for00:38:54
the liberation of Bulgaria00:38:58
and for the fourth time Russia will fight with the00:39:01
Turks again on one front but in00:39:02
Transcaucasia in the First World War but three times00:39:06
it will fight on two fronts with00:39:11
them the war with the Turks of00:39:14
1828-29 is00:39:19
also the same as the war with the00:39:22
Persians00:39:25
in character the00:39:28
entire middle and senior command staff,00:39:32
as well as the commander of the armies, are people of the00:39:37
era of00:39:42
1812, that is, Russia wins not by the00:39:50
people of Nikolaev, when the Nikolaev00:39:53
military elite is formed, it will lose the war00:39:57
miserably, and Russia wins with the old00:40:02
school, which has its roots in00:40:07
Catherine’s00:40:10
time, it wins with the people who00:40:15
raised in the last years of00:40:18
Catherine's reign, that is, they either personally participated00:40:21
or are00:40:25
taking over the tour by people who00:40:28
personally participated in the Ilor00:40:31
campaign. And most of those who defeated the00:40:34
Persians and Turks are those who participated in the00:40:37
Australian company in the freelance company in the00:40:41
war in Finland in the war on the Danube in the00:40:45
ninth eleven twelfth it is clear that00:40:48
in the war of the twelfth year and in the early00:40:55
campaigns, she won, and in this00:40:59
war, I would00:41:01
say that this00:41:03
was the time of the00:41:06
highest00:41:08
flowering of the Russian military school and the Russian00:41:12
army, despite the fact that the best commander00:41:16
is still00:41:18
Suvorov Kutuzov. I will repeat again the00:41:23
steps below it was not alive00:41:27
further down even lower, but these are very high00:41:30
peaks, this is of course Barclay and he is no longer00:41:33
alive, you understand But still the Russian00:41:37
military school wins one victory after00:41:41
another who are these00:41:45
people for the most part these are those who in00:41:49
Soviet times were either talked about through clenched00:41:53
teeth or in general they didn’t say00:41:58
it’s Paskevich, it’s the one they talked about00:42:01
through clenched teeth, and then those about whom they weren’t00:42:05
supposed to say it’s Dibich And only they were00:42:09
n’t supposed to say it for two00:42:12
reasons, and the00:42:13
Germans after00:42:16
1941 were nonsense, it’s impossible to second, they participated in the00:42:20
defeat of the Decembrist uprising, they sat on the00:42:23
investigative commission twice impossible00:42:27
But it was00:42:29
they, together with the00:42:33
Paskevichs, who then led the Ottoman Empire and00:42:38
officially led the troops00:42:40
in the first campaign in 800:42:44
Wittgenstein and again showed that00:42:48
he could not command the army. That's how he00:42:52
showed it in the year after the death of Kutuzov,00:42:56
and so it turned out in the twenty-eighth. Although00:42:59
I would say that his guilt in the twenty-00:43:02
eighth was much less. But still,00:43:05
what00:43:07
happened there, the main Russian army is the00:43:10
Danube Army, it is understandable that it is closer to00:43:13
Constantinople to pass through the Danube00:43:15
than than to go from Transcaucasia to the00:43:18
Caucasian front. It is clear that it is00:43:19
always an auxiliary in this case, but for the00:43:22
Turks now they have to split into00:43:24
two,00:43:26
this makes them objectively weaker.00:43:30
Wittgenstein led a second army to the Danube.00:43:35
The same one where the00:43:37
Decembrists, led by the00:43:43
pestle, had nested before, but probably also for this reason,00:43:47
Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich soon arrived at his headquarters,00:43:54
roughly speaking. This was a grave00:43:59
mistake; Catherine was 100 times right00:44:02
when she did not allow Pavel Petrovich00:44:05
to go to the dark, saying that the Turks would grab00:44:08
our usual generals, the dogs00:44:12
would catch fire when they learned that the heir to the Russian00:44:15
throne went to fight with00:44:17
them. Well, who are the Ottoman Turks, it’s not00:44:22
actually who they are, but from the point of00:44:24
view of big politics,00:44:27
so that the Russian00:44:29
sovereign after after Russia defeated00:44:33
Napoleon went to fight with them. They00:44:38
actually lowered the Moon to the ground00:44:41
and turned it into their crescent, or00:44:44
maybe they conquered all of Asia and Africa and00:44:47
enlightened them.00:44:50
Finally, too much00:44:53
honor is00:44:54
impossible.00:44:56
Therefore, Nikolai Pavlovich00:44:59
was not really aware of himself What00:45:02
should the sovereign do and against whom? And00:45:05
what exactly should he not do?00:45:11
Apparently And don’t you forget he is 33 years old at00:45:15
this moment he would really00:45:18
like to at least equal his older00:45:21
brother, the00:45:24
insta governor of Poland; they had been00:45:28
fighting since the fifth year of thin- poorly00:45:31
participated in the campaigns Konstantin Potala00:45:34
in the Swiss part and00:45:37
he is now coming to00:45:47
smoke the sovereign at00:45:50
Wittgenstein's headquarters Everything went awry00:45:56
genshn of course not Mikhail novich00:45:59
Kutuzov, but00:46:02
he also realized that his hands are now00:46:07
tied because it’s clear that it’s not on him Yas00:46:10
Everyone is looking at his mouth the sovereign00:46:13
and not Count Wittgenstein understands what kind of00:46:18
thing it is, but the commander-in-chief Wittgenstein That's how it turned00:46:24
out like this00:46:26
Our troops reached the00:46:29
Danube crossed the00:46:32
Danube the sovereign says We must go to the00:46:34
Balkans And what kind of strongholds on the Danube should we00:46:37
take to the Balkans Girsovo00:46:41
zhuzhuzhu00:46:44
yuk and by the way the main sister00:46:48
fortress In addition, we need to take00:46:51
Varna, there is such a00:46:54
thing. So, if you bring00:46:57
food, ammunition and equipment to00:47:00
Odessa and then by sea from Odessa to Varna,00:47:03
it turns out four times faster than00:47:06
bringing them on ramparts and kurukhs, that is, on00:47:13
Romanian carts, the state at first somehow I wasn’t00:47:15
very happy to besiege Varna Why do you00:47:18
need to go beat No, you still need to00:47:21
take Varna, fortunately the Turks and the fleet were00:47:25
already in complete ambush because 900:47:30
months before that the Turkish fleet was00:47:31
burned at Navari not the Anglo-00:47:34
Franco-Russian00:47:38
fleet at Navarin bring into Black there00:47:41
was practically nothing at sea And therefore the00:47:44
Black Sea Fleet could carry out these00:47:46
transportations, but a port was needed and of course00:47:49
it had to be Varna,00:47:51
nowhere more convenient. But Varna is a powerful fortress00:47:57
that no one could take since00:48:01
1444, when the last crusader died there00:48:07
in00:48:09
the battle, no one else even00:48:12
tried and Rumyantsev and Suvorov didn’t get to it00:48:14
or preferred to walk00:48:17
past Well, it’s really too tough and so00:48:20
ours besieged00:48:23
Varna The Grand Vizier came out of the noise And this is00:48:28
the base of the Rhodope Mountains actually00:48:31
deep Bulgaria the noise is an impregnable00:48:34
fortified camp that the Turks built for00:48:37
several decades and moved there00:48:41
on our communications, wanting to00:48:44
cut off the Russian army under Varna from the Danube and00:48:46
block it. Well, then it would have turned out00:48:49
something like Caesar’s siege of Alesia. Caesar00:48:52
is besieged by Alesi. Wenge toric is besieged by00:48:54
Caesar.00:49:06
four directions and we00:49:09
managed to be everywhere Being weaker than00:49:12
the enemy ended with the fact that00:49:14
we didn’t00:49:16
take Varna, we somehow fought off the00:49:20
Turks, things there were so lackluster that00:49:23
once they cut out a lot00:49:29
in the history of the Finns, this is official, they did00:49:32
n’t like to00:49:33
remember about it, the guards were so shocked and00:49:38
in the fall we were left with what we had00:49:41
in May, that is, the company went into the00:49:45
sand, you know,00:49:47
this saved us in this situation, the00:49:51
only thing on our side was00:49:54
France France England could not do anything,00:49:57
and France was on the side of00:50:01
Russia only in the person of King Charles X00:50:04
but this was enough, the French themselves,00:50:07
of course, considered the Russians all these00:50:09
years as one of the main culprits for the fact00:50:12
that the Bourbons were sitting on their necks and00:50:15
he couldn’t00:50:17
tear him down, so Charles X was grateful to00:50:22
St. Petersburg for the fact that he was the French00:50:24
king00:50:26
and the branch on which he sat to chop00:50:29
Naturally he wasn’t going to Well, not00:50:32
because he loved the Russians because it was00:50:33
beneficial from a dynastic point of view, but the00:50:36
British could not do anything about this, the00:50:39
Austrians were00:50:50
appeased and that in general the Armed Forces00:50:52
did this only for one thing or another,00:50:58
nothing more, the EU will definitely not be a00:51:02
true Saint we won’t say the cross in00:51:04
St. Petersburg. Okay, the Austrians said. Go00:51:07
through Moldova, the Wallachians, it was a00:51:10
unique00:51:11
situation that has never been00:51:15
repeated, so the British are not at all00:51:18
sympathetic to the Russian war in the Balkans00:51:20
and in00:51:24
Zaka,00:51:26
and Nikolai Pavlovich managed to fail the first00:51:29
campaign in general,00:51:31
only then did he -he00:51:34
began to understand about himself and his00:51:36
abilities to command00:51:40
troops, he boarded a00:51:44
battleship, it was Autumn and went to00:51:48
Odessa, during the transition to Odessa, a00:51:51
storm began from the sea, this is what they call00:51:58
black hydrogen sulfide, the sea rises,00:52:02
changes color, insane force of the wind, the ships00:52:07
go to the bottom like a00:52:09
paper ship chatted00:52:12
So all the passengers were poisoning the00:52:17
fence, the sovereign was00:52:24
nothing better,00:52:26
standing nearby, the00:52:29
Most Serene Prince of Italy, who at00:52:32
that moment had just been forgiven,00:52:34
finally sailed back to St. Petersburg,00:52:38
looked at it and said loudly, so00:52:41
let him know that the elements are not subject to the kings,00:52:47
it feels as if he00:52:50
I read Pushkin’s lines from the twenties00:52:56
about the fact that in all the elements00:53:00
a person is either a tyrant and a jailer or a00:53:06
Prisoner, perhaps, and read more Nicholas the00:53:09
Stick did not go to war.00:53:11
And old Wittgenstein was removed and00:53:15
Ivan Ivanovich Dibi was appointed to command,00:53:20
transferring him from00:53:24
the post, that is, of the General Staff, and the00:53:27
Chief of Staff they gave him Karl00:53:29
Fedorovich00:53:31
Tolya, the same student of Kutuzov00:53:34
who chose the Borodino field, and so00:53:37
on, and so on, and so00:53:39
on, meanwhile, while such00:53:42
upheavals were taking place at the Danube00:53:44
Theater, Ivan Fedorovich00:53:46
Paskevich with his generals00:53:48
Ermolovsky and before Ermolovsky training00:53:51
again plastered the00:53:54
Turks, now on the modern the00:53:57
Georgian00:53:58
border and somehow the Turks fought all the time00:54:02
and nothing00:54:04
worked out for them. This is how the twenty00:54:08
year ended in the secondary theater, again00:54:10
successes in the main one so far in00:54:15
no way in the spring the war resumed on00:54:19
both fronts Paskevich again00:54:24
advanced with artillery00:54:26
commanded the00:54:31
Decembrist member of the Welfare Union00:54:34
Nikolai Nikolaevich was launched Ants besieged and00:54:36
took Kars, the key to the inner Vieta of00:54:41
Anatolia, then the00:54:43
Russians went to him. It was at00:54:47
this time that I went to Pavi in the army as a00:54:52
war correspondent for the sun of Russian00:54:54
poetry.00:55:01
Well,00:55:04
by the way, everything that he wrote was a genius here, even if00:55:07
he died, he would not surpass00:55:11
And on the Danube, Dibich got down to00:55:17
business, our army crossed the Danube again and00:55:24
sharpened the00:55:26
wonderful Russian military engineer00:55:29
Karl Andreevich00:55:32
Schilder, he took the sisters in 2 months without00:55:37
an assault It was a Triumph of engineering by00:55:42
polls alone that is, by siege trenches and00:55:46
silencing the sieges of00:55:49
Turkish00:55:51
artillery batteries with the fall of00:55:54
Siri vti Varna, we established a direct00:55:57
transit of food equipment and00:55:59
weapons across the00:56:02
Danube, after that00:56:04
Dibich appointed General Krasovsky, the same one00:56:08
who distinguished himself a year and a half00:56:10
ago in the Caucasus, to block the noise from 17,00000:56:15
people and so far The Grand Vizier from there, the Armed Forces,00:56:18
understood from the top of his head what would happen00:56:23
and00:56:25
to the Black Sea to the00:56:28
south at that moment Varna was taken by storm,00:56:31
the supply doubled,00:56:34
then something happened. He goes to the Black00:56:39
Sea, goes around from the horns of the birth and00:56:44
turns back deep into00:56:46
Bulgaria, in fact, I don’t know what I read00:56:49
whether he wrote this memorandum from Suvorov or whether00:56:52
he himself did this, it was also possible00:56:55
he did what Suvoro proposed to do00:56:58
in00:57:00
1792, sitting in00:57:02
Kherson, writing a plan for a future war with the00:57:06
Turks. And our fleet walked along the coast and00:57:09
covered it from the Black Sea00:57:11
just in case and fed, loading00:57:14
food, bypassing the Rhodope. He again00:57:17
entered deep into Bulgaria. The Bulgarians began to00:57:19
bring him food, provide assistance00:57:21
to work as guides, and he went through00:57:23
small rodos00:57:25
to the border with present-day00:57:28
Turkey,00:57:31
sweeping away the Turks. A number of battles took place00:57:36
in which the Turks had00:57:38
an advantage. But each time they took this German00:57:41
Tandem dibi only above them up00:57:46
Finally they approached00:57:48
Adriano, is it modern00:57:52
or is it in00:57:55
the Balkans, the former00:57:57
first capital of the Turks, when they began00:58:00
to turn into an Empire in the 15th00:58:03
century, it only took 17 Russians00:58:08
to appear in front of00:58:10
Adrianople, how to demoralize00:58:16
them Bean capitulated just don’t00:58:19
shoot Adrianople fell without an assault00:58:25
in Istanbul A quiet00:58:30
panic began. There was nothing more to be done. The00:58:35
Sultan's ambassadors arrived in00:58:40
Adrianople. Of course, it was an00:58:42
adventure. 17,000 are just Russians.00:58:45
They are being mowed down by cholera.00:58:55
Our troops every day began00:58:57
to march in a circle around Adrianople, but00:59:00
at a distance so that the Turks00:59:03
could not understand from the clouds of dust. that these are the00:59:05
same troops the ambassadors believed they believed by the00:59:08
end of the first week of negotiations they realized00:59:10
that the Russians have 150,000 everything, mother, don’t worry, they00:59:13
must sign, otherwise these bastards will take00:59:18
Constantinople and that will be00:59:23
all.00:59:25
This is the famous00:59:27
Peace of Adrianople, according to which Turkey recognized00:59:32
the independence of Greece, the truth is not the same00:59:35
which is now half of present-day00:59:38
Greece, Athens became the capital of an independent00:59:42
state, part of the archipelago in the Aegean00:59:46
Sea went to the new00:59:50
state, but when the map went like this, it00:59:54
was already simply impossible to hold on and not take it with you; the00:59:58
Russians took a little;01:00:01
they took the coast of the North01:00:05
Caucasus from Novorossiysk to the Abkhaz01:00:08
border. there is what we actually01:00:10
had left, but it was such a small thing01:00:13
because the Highlanders who lived there did not know that01:00:15
this was Turkish territory and would have been very01:00:18
surprised when they learned that the Turks for01:00:20
some reason gave them to the Russians, they believed that01:00:22
it was theirs,01:00:26
but it was not significant it was the Turks01:00:31
who ceded the mouth of the01:00:37
Danube to the Russians, several01:00:40
islands up to01:00:53
Sulina,01:00:56
you can leave the Austrian01:00:59
Empire from Wallachia, this is Romania from01:01:03
Bucharest to the Black Sea and in the same way01:01:10
you can imagine that the thorns01:01:13
bit their01:01:14
elbows when they realized that the01:01:18
Habsburg Empire01:01:19
could not expand any further, the Russians locked the Austrians after01:01:24
receiving the Ust01:01:27
Danube Now they were doomed to01:01:29
suffocate within their borders and01:01:33
pray to Russia so that she would01:01:37
tear them down and thereby not allow the01:01:41
Italians, the01:01:43
Serm Vals, the Ukrainians and everyone01:01:50
else to come out against them. Vienna was01:01:55
locked in01:02:01
England, I think there they are some kind of01:02:07
untranslatable others and nothing can be done about the01:02:11
oath the Muscovites, again, could not01:02:15
because Charles X held on to the Russians like a log01:02:18
and why did the Armed Forces01:02:23
correctly say that Russia had almost01:02:26
reached the apogee of its imperial01:02:31
influence and colonial successes in Asia and the01:02:34
Middle01:02:38
East, it turned out that Nicholas about01:02:41
the kingdom was only 2 and a half, well in a maximum of01:02:46
301:02:47
years he achieved what his grandmother and01:02:52
older brother did not01:02:55
manage to do,01:02:59
my friends. From that moment on, his head01:03:02
slowly began01:03:06
to spin, he begins to believe that he01:03:10
can do everything, or very much01:03:14
[music]01:03:19
a lot, we did not see his personal merits in this.01:03:26
I will repeat once again what was sown under01:03:29
Catherine and sprouted under her and01:03:33
continued to germinate under Alexander and01:03:36
gave Russia the opportunity to reap these01:03:40
vast01:03:42
fruits of01:03:47
victories. It was01:03:49
obvious that01:03:51
Russia Well, in general, there are01:03:57
certainly few people on the continent who can01:04:01
contradict her, certainly not Austria. The01:04:05
point is clear not01:04:06
Prussia, clearly not01:04:09
France, England found itself in01:04:12
isolation, and this isolation was not at all01:04:21
brilliant, but this Mick of triumph was TM01:04:27
The Mole of history, as Marx said, dug01:04:32
tirelessly, only 10 months passed and the01:04:38
entire political system created by the01:04:40
holy union collapsed into01:04:45
tartar on July 26,01:04:49
183001:04:53
Tue01:04:54
Ordinance Charles X, having actually destroyed the01:04:58
constitutional charter, abolishing the freedom of the01:05:03
press, Paris01:05:06
rebelled for 3 days, the Parisians fought on the01:05:10
barricades with the royal01:05:13
troops and the troops began to go over to01:05:17
their side. Out of01:05:20
despair, the Duke of Orleans, Louis01:05:23
Philippe,01:05:24
put on the uniform of the National Guardsman,01:05:27
which he had kept since the time of01:05:29
the Revolution, and appeared at the city hall of Paris where he was01:05:34
sitting. the seventy-year-old Marquis of Carriage was01:05:37
again elevated to the pyramid of power by the01:05:41
insurgent people and asked to modestly01:05:45
report to the commander of the National01:05:47
Guard about his old officer who01:05:50
asks him to01:05:53
accept01:05:55
after01:05:57
this01:05:59
Toleran who has never lost01:06:02
sight of And for several years has been in opposition01:06:05
to bourbon, as always the first to understand that01:06:07
their song sung and they breathe on01:06:12
Okay, with the help of a lively young01:06:15
political careerist like Adolphe01:06:19
Thiers, who began as a01:06:23
carbonari01:06:24
and in the twenty-third year went as a messenger01:06:26
from Taran to the border to the rega and Krog to01:06:29
warn that the French would invade01:06:32
Spain and a number of other comrades01:06:36
persuaded the old carriage that the most correct thing was01:06:39
will not proclaim the Republic,01:06:42
of course the Marquis has a heart for the01:06:45
Republic but Europe will kill us then there01:06:48
will be a new01:06:50
Intervention Philip, the best of the Republics,01:06:59
proclaimed Well, Faet was always a01:07:01
supporter of the constitutional monarchy, which01:07:03
is why he lost during the Great01:07:06
Revolution, the01:07:13
Girondins finally implement the most01:07:16
rational option to combine the best01:07:18
sides of the monarchy the best side of the01:07:22
republic of01:07:24
the kingdom, Charles fled from the flowerbed in the stake,01:07:29
he was not prevented from sailing to01:07:32
England with the hands of these politicians,01:07:35
Louis Filippo was proclaimed the01:07:38
king of the French, the July01:07:44
Revolution was accomplished, it was necessary to01:07:48
react immediately, it was01:07:52
bylov01:07:54
for Berlin, Vienna, London, they are not going to01:07:57
revive the Great Alliance and go to the01:08:00
French, we will arrange a second I’m01:08:04
ready And then he found out that Angeli,01:08:09
firstly, was not going to give money like01:08:11
she did against Napoleon Babar and01:08:14
secondly,01:08:16
amazingly, you know, the British01:08:19
are going to recognize Louis Philippe as king of01:08:22
France, yes, from that moment on, he01:08:25
somehow stopped respecting the British01:08:29
completely Austria stated that she also01:08:33
has no money And without English money She cannot go,01:08:37
and Prussia said that she would be glad to01:08:39
go, but since Austria does not want, how can01:08:41
she go, but by the way, the01:08:44
old king Frederick William01:08:46
was ready for his son-in-law to at least let01:08:49
Russian troops through Prussia01:08:52
Transit seemed to be01:08:56
opening to the border of France And at that01:09:00
moment, at the end of November, Warsaw rose up,01:09:05
something that matured a long time ago01:09:08
burst to the01:09:12
surface, the Polish revolutionary01:09:15
organizations decided, as01:09:18
always, under the influence of emotions but not01:09:21
reason, that if they now01:09:26
rebelled, the French would come to their aid,01:09:30
forgetting that Louis Philip is definitely not01:09:35
Napoleon Bonaparte Out of what fear he01:09:38
will go to fight all over Germany in defense01:09:42
of the Poles is unclear. They just really01:09:47
wanted to, but about the Polish01:09:52
uprising of internal politics. After it,01:09:55
we will talk in a01:09:58
week. Today I will01:10:01
put01:10:13
an end to this. Well, in fact, this It’s not such a01:10:18
secret01:10:24
from the embassy, it may not be the01:10:27
embassy itself. But they don’t deny that Dr.01:10:29
McPherson was an agent of the government behind01:10:32
all this.01:10:34
Well, it’s just such things. Well, it’s01:10:37
unpleasant to admit, you understand,01:10:41
but now they are no longer dying01:10:43
to keep this fact quiet. in the01:10:49
bar, he described Griboyedov as a01:10:53
politician.01:10:59
Well, Alexander Sergeevich,01:11:02
of course, was more of a diplomat,01:11:04
without a doubt, but I would say that01:11:08
he did not even manage to reveal his potential01:11:14
by half. Because his death in01:11:17
Tehran occurred at the moment when01:11:20
he was on the next01:11:24
Vigo development, his project of01:11:27
creating a Russian company for the Caucasus is well known,01:11:29
that is, to create a Russian East01:11:32
Indies, he proposed the same company as the01:11:34
British and develop with the help of the Caucasus01:11:38
to begin to influence the Middle East, that is,01:11:44
Persia. Yes, like the Trojan Forge,01:11:48
frankly what01:11:52
happened01:11:54
Armenia Azerbaijan to open01:11:56
manufacturing schools to breed raw silk,01:11:59
to produce it on an industrial01:12:01
scale, to disrupt the English01:12:03
trade of the Russians, to resettle the Russians in Transcaucasia as01:12:06
colonists,01:12:09
to teach01:12:11
modern technologies at that time,01:12:14
agriculture means native01:12:17
peoples, that is, Georgians, Armenians and01:12:22
Azerbaijanis Well, naturally, this is a01:12:25
logical policy. If you have colonies, that01:12:27
means01:12:38
adapt, the American company01:12:40
acted because it was very01:12:41
far from St. Petersburg, it was01:12:44
physically difficult to manage, but here it was close,01:12:46
you understand in a completely different way, so01:12:49
the project would never have been implemented, what01:12:52
would have happened next,01:12:54
he01:12:55
died, a bloody01:13:00
point, I want to, but I have to stand on the basis of01:13:05
facts, you understand, yes Yes, this is not a stupid01:13:08
man, but he did not have time to grow into such a01:13:12
very significant figure, namely a01:13:15
political one, just as I01:13:18
wanted for01:13:22
this, that01:13:24
this is a treaty for which he is also in01:13:27
favor. Well, of course, in01:13:31
general, such treaties are all written01:13:33
based on military01:13:35
successes but he conducted the negotiations,01:13:38
he drew up the documents, so it was01:13:41
natural that Paskevich sent him to01:13:43
St. Petersburg.01:13:45
Therefore, formally, of course, he is the creator of the01:13:48
Turkmanchay Treaty. Although it is clear that he01:13:52
had a relationship, this does not raise much01:13:55
doubt, how could the governor not01:13:58
have something to do with this? Well, it would be strange to01:14:00
say that such a Soviet tradition01:14:02
means there are satraps in the shadows And01:14:06
poets in the01:14:08
sun Why was India so good Why didn’t01:14:12
we really come to01:14:16
India Russia didn’t strive No for01:14:19
Russia India certainly didn’t01:14:24
But at the beginning of the 10th century Russia rather01:14:27
aspired to Afghanistan and01:14:31
Tibet Tibet was of interest because without01:14:34
control over Tibet it was impossible to01:14:37
really annex the01:14:40
Uyghurs, this is Eastern Kazakhstan, which still01:14:43
belongs to the Chinese. But01:14:46
this is what we01:14:47
wanted, but the Kazakh people,01:14:52
by the way, the Kazakhs really wanted this, and in01:14:55
1948 it was almost going to01:14:58
happen here.01:15:00
Stalin still put the dog on Mauz Dun and01:15:03
betrayed them. They still01:15:04
can’t forgive him for this and Stalin because the01:15:07
Chinese came there01:15:09
and made them those who survived into01:15:14
Chinese, but Tibet, if you look at the map,01:15:17
look, it props up01:15:19
Eastern Bukhari from the south and the Dzungar if we01:15:24
occupy it, then this whole strip will be01:15:27
ours. But beyond that, there’s simply no point.01:15:30
Ours were more interested in China from the second01:15:33
half of the 10th century, this is politics, this is the01:15:37
Trans-Siberian Railway, this is Port Arthur, this was more01:15:40
realistic, after all, Russia always01:15:43
took those territories that were adjacent01:15:45
to it state01:15:52
restrictions cannot be01:15:54
reached only if by air But it was01:15:57
impossible then no one thought about it,01:16:00
yes And today such an air bridge is01:16:04
Utopia, geo it’s physically unattainable01:16:08
and the interest is different now As you01:16:12
understand, the01:16:14
British are more likely to01:16:19
screw it up in this way the policy01:16:21
against Russia always needed to be01:16:23
supported by the public; after all, the01:16:25
parliamentary country is thinly poor; it is necessary01:16:27
that wide sections of the bourgeoisie be in favor, not01:16:30
only those who are01:16:33
directly connected with India. And so India,01:16:35
of course, is rich, firstly in cheap raw materials01:16:39
and cheap labor, and on the other01:16:44
hand a gigantic sales market for01:16:46
industrial products thanks to a giant01:16:52
population01:16:54
mini lezi pos ekonomi indie how the01:16:58
English economy rendered the Indian01:17:00
economy throughout the entire century The Armed Forces are01:17:02
more firmly connected there, it is quite01:17:05
clear that01:17:07
when the Indian flag was raised over the red01:17:09
fort the Empire01:17:11
died precisely with the loss of India Although the01:17:15
African colonies01:17:16
were still a year old British, but01:17:20
my mother has already let them go, I voluntarily understand01:17:23
that this is all the end. Well, it’s impossible to01:17:26
change the policy itself, abandon the01:17:30
empire de facto, switch to an01:17:33
economic imperial policy01:17:35
for real.01:17:37
Well, thanks to Thatcher, we managed to do it01:17:41
in the end, but this is a very difficult01:17:43
question. This is already English history of the 10th01:17:47
century, so yes, of course India was01:17:50
very important, it would be the one on which everything01:17:54
rested on what was called the British01:17:58
Empire, take my word for itDescription:
В 118-й лекции из цикла "История России" Борис Кипнис рассказал о двух победоносных войнах в начале николаевского царствования: с Персией в 1826 - 1828 гг. и с Турцией в 1828 - 1829 гг. Обе они завершились присоединением к России новых территорий. Обе повысили статус Российской империи в международном сообществе. И обе же вскружили голову императору Николаю, на десятилетия определив его политику по отношению к соседям... Полная тема лекции (№118 из цикла "История России"): "Внешняя политика Николая I в 1825 – 1830 гг. Русско-персидская война 1826 – 1828 гг. Русско-турецкая война 1828 – 1829 гг.". Лекция была прочитана 17.11.2017. Расширенная версия лекции (на 5 минут длиннее): https://boosty.to/kipnishistory/posts/09861459-72c1-40da-9b72-94806f30b842 Альбом с иллюстрациями находится по ссылке: https://disk.yandex.ru/showcaptcha?cc=1&mt=1DA896A7400F961803364DF5547DFDA210E8F7EE7D7DCF27083135194FA9C36B60FC787311E75436D08A266BCD7FD48C7AB88407DB020567E108A228227E55BCC2EF39DE5838419B8B9D2675B63CA86BCFF7BDACB056B52BB1774E84F10F46CEDDA427F8F3E3B3C5787B23B402CD81F6A300F747E35E1CAEE88316C9A0703EE9362E3ACE25F8B02E3D1FB9A83925B041AAD32D6A4979C7E1ED543F6AD099C2DD1AEB68B778F7BEB3344B93C38C2176DC5B14B9A09BF839B54EBB7675EA5F40DB1998485AC7B9458BB869F4770AE2155635CE5EB0BC70826EB526441E26&retpath=aHR0cHM6Ly9kaXNrLnlhbmRleC5ydS9pL216ckpDZjZEb2V4YjlnPw%2C%2C_f9114aa71b47e84975b59390cb8c9470&t=2/1717269801/4c7212a9fd813bb5b8d4e57e3da7eb2e&u=52c28261-6ff63fff-e3b25032-c7f3f5c&s=bf63cf8beded9e7a69fad432da43b958 Спонсоры канала смотрят лекции (в том числе их расширенные версии) на год раньше выхода видео в открытом доступе, к их комментариям - особое внимание администратора канала, они имеют возможность личного неформального общения с Борисом Григорьевичем. Присоединяйтесь (через YouTube - для тех, кто сейчас не в России, Boosty - для всех желающих): www.youtube.com/channel/UCqqLGIV7VyYmtjQphrqJOyA/join www.boosty.to/kipnishistory www.sponsr.ru/kipnishistory Прислать донат на развитие канала: www.donationalerts.com/r/kipnishistory Сделайте перевод, если хотите и дальше смотреть новые лекции Бориса Кипниса в открытом доступе. Предыдущая лекция цикла: "Россия во времена Николая I: 1826 - 1830 гг. Первые реформы. Александр Христофорович Бенкендорф. Жандармерия и Третье отделение. Внешнеполитическая обстановка в начале правления Николая I": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yGNYyf3dLbg Плейлист: курс истории России с Борисом Кипнисом (все лекции курса с самого начала) www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrz4CKlMRNo-ICl9vnDeGzGMrB8UexYl2 Плейлист: лекции Бориса Кипниса о событиях в России в 1825 - 1850 гг. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRPCvzkbW-o&list=PLrz4CKlMRNo-06rtDW32XQDpCXJduNZWd Плейлист: лучшие лекции Бориса Кипниса по истории https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrz4CKlMRNo_CyMrtNe0S0FD1syOA2Mrm Самопрезентация лектора, его рассказ о читаемом курсе: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85MlHs85Ut4 Таймкоды: 0:00 – Внешняя политика. Борьба за гегемонию в колониальном влиянии между Россией и Англией. Деятельность Ост-Индской компании в Персии. 21:08 – Начало русско-персидской войны. Боевые действия в Азербайджане, Дагестане и Армении в 1826 г. 31:23 – Второй этап войны в 1827 - начале 1828 гг. 38:22 – Война с турками в 1828 - 1829 гг. Адрианопольский мир. Его значение и последствия. 1:04:22 – Восстание в Париже 26 июля 1830 года 1:10:03 – Вопросы лектору по теме лекции Оговорки: 20:52 – Персидские войска напали на русские пограничные посты летом 1826 года 22:00 – Персидские отряды разорили Малый Караклис 26:00 – Мадатов разбил Хусейн-хана 59:35 – Греция по Адрианопольскому миру получила автономию
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