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00:00:00

[music]

00:00:09

hello dear viewers and

00:00:11

listeners of the Red Hotel channel, we

00:00:14

continue to introduce you to the main

00:00:16

events of the civil war in Russia and

00:00:18

today we will talk about one of the

00:00:21

symbols of the civil war, namely the

00:00:24

armored car, ah, by the way, we talked about such

00:00:27

symbols as the cruiser Aurora and carts and

00:00:30

long- have been approaching the topic of

00:00:33

armored vehicles for a long time to the topic of armored cars and

00:00:35

have finally approached it and will help us understand the

00:00:38

history of armored cars on the battlefields of the

00:00:41

Civil War, not only our

00:00:43

constant guest Vladimir Zaytsev Vladimir

00:00:46

stay, I welcome you and we’ll probably

00:00:49

start with that, we’ll explain to our listeners

00:00:52

probably, although maybe this it’s not necessary,

00:00:54

but we’ll still say why this is a symbol

00:00:57

because of course Lenin’s revolutionary arrival in

00:01:00

Petrograd

00:01:02

was indicated by the fact that he made his first speech near the

00:01:05

Finlyandsky station

00:01:08

directly from an armored car but from an

00:01:10

armored car Austin, but even if he is a conventional

00:01:13

name, well-established in historical

00:01:15

practice, in fact there is nothing

00:01:17

surprising it was because the

00:01:18

armored cars were on the territory of

00:01:20

Petrograd to perform their

00:01:23

generally prescribed functions,

00:01:25

including security reconnaissance, there was a

00:01:27

St. Petersburg garrison, and

00:01:29

naturally, the soldiers of the armored units did not

00:01:31

particularly want to go to the front and,

00:01:34

from my point of view, had a very

00:01:36

positive attitude towards the revolution but in fact,

00:01:39

it became a symbol of the civil war not only

00:01:41

because of the

00:01:42

famous armored car from which

00:01:44

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin delivered his speech

00:01:46

and by the way, the armored car which later

00:01:48

took part in the most active of the

00:01:50

civil war took part on

00:01:53

the fronts and later became part of

00:01:56

various types of formation of which we

00:01:59

we'll talk later, but there are purely military

00:02:02

aspects that made the armored car

00:02:04

a symbol of the civil war, not only for

00:02:06

Artek in battles, he took a

00:02:08

direct part during the

00:02:10

October uprising,

00:02:12

in fact, there were even traces of bullets and

00:02:14

cadets, he also took part

00:02:16

during the famous offensive of money on

00:02:18

Petrograd in the reflection of this very

00:02:20

offensive, that is, it was also a combat

00:02:22

unit, but perhaps we should

00:02:25

talk about how armored cars

00:02:27

appeared on the battlefields of the First

00:02:29

World War because the civil

00:02:31

war grew out of the First World

00:02:33

War, why they didn’t appear before

00:02:36

before starting this Here is a

00:02:38

rather curious factual mark

00:02:40

that is on the body of the armored car, it

00:02:43

can be seen and in the museum they tell us

00:02:45

that the cadets fired at it from a

00:02:47

fairly large distance, that is,

00:02:49

they were not so brave because I am

00:02:51

sure that the armored car was also defeated by its

00:02:54

armor plate, the features of the side from the

00:02:57

actual bullet at 762 Mosin rifles 3rd

00:03:01

line are 50 meters of natural

00:03:04

armor-piercing incendiary cartridges, which

00:03:07

were also in service with the Russian

00:03:08

Imperial Army, confidently hit an

00:03:11

armored car from a distance of up to 500 meters, that

00:03:15

is, as I understand it, it was not such an

00:03:18

uninterrupted weapon, that is, it was possible to

00:03:20

knock out this dream armored car, but Of course, in

00:03:22

fact, for artillery you were

00:03:24

extremely vulnerable when artillery appeared on the battlefield,

00:03:26

and during the First World

00:03:28

War, civilian armored cars

00:03:30

had to retreat to achieve

00:03:33

some kind of offensive victory over the units

00:03:35

that had artillery, it was possible

00:03:37

only in case of surprise of such an attack, there

00:03:40

is no choice for defense at all rikishi were

00:03:42

created primarily for

00:03:43

reconnaissance purposes for road patrol

00:03:46

for

00:03:47

their own maneuver war, which

00:03:50

did not last so long on the fronts of the First World War, for

00:03:53

example, remember the

00:03:54

fourteenth year, otherwise armored cars,

00:03:56

for example, Germany were used very

00:03:58

successfully during their own implementation of the

00:04:01

Schlieffen plan, they were better

00:04:03

prepared by the Germans in terms of armored cars by the beginning of the

00:04:06

First World War, they were using them

00:04:08

successfully, for example, the French were a little

00:04:10

behind, although for the sake of fairness it

00:04:12

should be said that all the powers that participated in the First

00:04:15

World War underestimated armored vehicles

00:04:17

at that time, despite the fact that the

00:04:19

developments were significant and

00:04:22

were present even in the Russian Empire,

00:04:24

by the way, I remember the military chronicle since the

00:04:27

fifteenth year, the chronicle of the capture of any

00:04:29

Russian army there is actually filmed

00:04:33

from an armored car directly of the Russian

00:04:35

imperial army and a panorama of the

00:04:38

troops entering Lviv, that is, this

00:04:40

was really the load, of

00:04:41

course it must be said that officially

00:04:44

the armored car itself appeared in the

00:04:46

Russian army in

00:04:47

1914, in fact, all

00:04:50

armored cars were of foreign production,

00:04:52

in any case, with an overwhelming

00:04:54

number of foreign units, for

00:04:56

example, if we take the so-called

00:04:58

cavalry 25 platoon, which began

00:05:01

to form in the fourteenth year, then

00:05:03

naturally there were armored cars on the

00:05:05

wheelbase of Mercedes and Lords

00:05:08

actually produced services, that is,

00:05:10

German, but because they were purchased they were

00:05:13

quite active before the First World War,

00:05:16

that is, as I understand it, the assembly

00:05:18

was domestic, the material was more

00:05:20

laid down, the loading of the Baltic Carriage

00:05:23

Works is well known, by the way, for its

00:05:25

Russo-Balt passenger cars, this is

00:05:28

primarily a patriotic candy from

00:05:30

my point of view, because in

00:05:32

reality, we will take in 1910 year,

00:05:34

he produced 20 just civilian cars

00:05:36

in the twelfth year 40 that

00:05:40

is, the production of cars in general in the

00:05:42

Russian Empire was insignificant and

00:05:44

by the way, it’s also quite an interesting

00:05:46

fact that characterizes the Russian

00:05:48

Empire and the problems with armored

00:05:50

cars in

00:05:51

1914, we will probably all remember the chronicle of

00:05:55

New York of large American cities are

00:05:57

just a wave of motorization and what we

00:06:00

have in the Russian Empire, for example,

00:06:03

St. Petersburg, the capital, 2600 cars

00:06:07

Moscow 2200 cars Kiev 1000 Kharkov

00:06:12

800 origa 500 and in other cities even

00:06:15

less I the worst thing that happened to the

00:06:17

Russian Empire is that it has not

00:06:19

mastered the production of trucks at all the

00:06:21

trucks that the Russian

00:06:23

Empire had were purchased abroad, and in

00:06:26

fact, if we take the initial

00:06:28

period of the First World War in

00:06:31

1914, the British already had

00:06:33

orders for an armored car that

00:06:36

would later be called Austin with

00:06:38

some important Russian

00:06:40

modifications, but they would only reach the front

00:06:42

in 1915 for the most banal

00:06:45

reason because those ships on

00:06:48

which they will be transported will simply

00:06:50

be jammed and iced, this is the reason and

00:06:53

own production is impossible, the

00:06:54

reason, again, for the low development of the

00:06:58

automotive industry in Russia is the obviously

00:07:00

low level of development of capitalism, the

00:07:02

absence of highways in

00:07:05

significant numbers, the

00:07:06

disinterest of the population, or rather

00:07:08

its extreme low payment demand,

00:07:10

the economy was very primitive, but

00:07:13

you said that most of these

00:07:15

cars that you named in

00:07:17

four cities were passenger

00:07:19

cars, that is, they were probably produced

00:07:21

from everyone as an item not of transportation, but of

00:07:22

luxury, after all, these are not all passenger

00:07:25

cars, this includes trucks

00:07:27

again, I repeat, there were few trucks,

00:07:29

but according to the words, yes, these are passenger cars,

00:07:32

later by the way, and those few

00:07:34

trucks that worked in the economy

00:07:37

were requisitioned to the front, some of

00:07:39

them were even converted into

00:07:41

armored cars, initially according to the

00:07:43

French scenario, without the turret

00:07:46

arrangement of machine guns, the

00:07:48

path was specifically used, let's still

00:07:51

need it Let's say that in the Russian

00:07:53

Empire there were enthusiasts who, much

00:07:56

earlier than the First World War, had not thought

00:07:59

of armored cars, and indeed

00:08:02

this is true, for example, from March 22 to May 29,

00:08:06

1906, a car was tested,

00:08:10

which was significantly improved by the

00:08:14

Russian military engineer Nakashidze, a

00:08:17

fairly well-known remarkable

00:08:19

surname, oddly enough, Poedesaul of the

00:08:22

Siberian Cossack corps, it

00:08:25

was precisely one of the pearls that

00:08:28

was found in the Cossack mass, of course, the

00:08:30

wheelbase is the French car of

00:08:33

Sharon Girardot and ua, but

00:08:36

Nakashidze’s innovations, for example, consisted of just

00:08:38

such a turret arrangement of machine guns,

00:08:40

while the French school of building

00:08:42

cars did not provide for the turret and arrangement of

00:08:45

machine guns there is a

00:08:46

breakthrough idea, but they were never able to organize the production of

00:08:49

Nakashidze vehicles, but the

00:08:53

Germans, for example, they had a

00:08:56

center of fear. The Germans had the

00:08:59

same problem because the German

00:09:00

General Staff underestimated the importance of

00:09:03

armored vehicles, but the economic situation itself

00:09:05

was better, look

00:09:07

if we called figures for motorization in

00:09:10

Russia, the German army at the very

00:09:14

beginning of the First World War had seven

00:09:16

thousand trucks, this does not take into account the

00:09:18

later requisitioned xyz economy

00:09:21

cars, therefore the German

00:09:23

army was better prepared for war and

00:09:25

armored cars, and in quantitative

00:09:27

terms,

00:09:28

of course, the German army was

00:09:30

more on the right of France in fact, I

00:09:32

was just on the territory of Europe and there were

00:09:35

1 armored cars ready for the start of the war,

00:09:38

he literally died in the first battle in

00:09:40

1914. In France, I also very quickly

00:09:43

began to develop my armored

00:09:45

vehicle fleet and I France had to

00:09:47

reconsider my concept, again to

00:09:50

come, including the tower

00:09:52

location machine guns just like the

00:09:54

Germans, the fact is that the Germans also used

00:09:56

turrets and the location of the machine gun, but in

00:09:58

fact the Germans used and you can

00:10:01

say such modifications on the

00:10:04

battlefield and the Russian Empire, by the way, then

00:10:06

this would have to be done in

00:10:08

1914, that is, the changing war itself

00:10:12

suggested its character how to change

00:10:14

armored vehicles, what they should be,

00:10:16

but the main thing here is if you have the technical

00:10:19

base for this and if you said about France about

00:10:21

Germany that it existed and very

00:10:23

quickly managed to do what they wanted

00:10:25

taurus quick the base was much worse,

00:10:28

look August 17, 1914 this the date is

00:10:32

very important, in fact, you can name it

00:10:34

once and the birth of just the

00:10:36

automobile troops in the Russian

00:10:38

Imperial Army, especially

00:10:39

armored cars, the fact that at this time the

00:10:42

Minister of War,

00:10:45

General Adjutant General Sukhomlinov, begins to become

00:10:47

interested in this and I instruct the time, and

00:10:50

this is what they assign to the women’s house

00:10:52

to form an armored car not parts,

00:10:55

respectively, for naturally it

00:10:58

was impossible to immediately build full-fledged hull armor, it was

00:11:00

necessary in the field to

00:11:03

retrofit the already

00:11:06

few trucks, but sometimes

00:11:09

the modifications, by the way, were very interesting,

00:11:11

including installations of anti-aircraft

00:11:13

guns and other guns, that is, they

00:11:16

received cannon armament but at this is where

00:11:18

all the shortcomings of armored vehicles that

00:11:21

were obvious even in the Russian

00:11:22

imperial army before

00:11:25

1914 remained, and again, if we

00:11:28

go back a little bit back to 906, it

00:11:31

was immediately clear that the wooden

00:11:33

wheels of the rather thin armored car

00:11:35

got bogged down on any unprepared road,

00:11:38

although in principle the cross-country ability was for that

00:11:40

the time was short, the only

00:11:43

undoubted advantages were for

00:11:45

marking for, again, some stinging

00:11:48

blows, and then it was already clear and in

00:11:51

1914, in fact, they remembered Nakashize and the

00:11:54

Germans who proposed their

00:11:57

developments on the eve of the First World War,

00:11:59

this eternal dispute about who

00:12:02

could possibly be who

00:12:04

By the way, Russia was better connected as an ally with the German economy

00:12:06

in terms of trucks and had to

00:12:09

rebuild in many ways, but this moment is for the

00:12:11

English and for France, especially for

00:12:14

England, which is exactly what we are doing with its

00:12:15

walls and will do for the Russian

00:12:18

imperial army. Well, in general,

00:12:19

it must be said that the eastern front is the first

00:12:21

of the World War, he is much more maneuver than

00:12:23

anything Western because this is

00:12:25

the offensive of 14 and 15 and the great

00:12:28

retreat also of 15 and the Brusilov

00:12:31

breakthrough, which we know is not a breakthrough but a

00:12:33

frontal offensive, if he can say so, that

00:12:36

is, armored cars

00:12:37

were even more needed here than on the Western Front

00:12:40

of course, it’s just a mobile war,

00:12:42

by the way, there were some successes as far

00:12:45

as I remember on September 23, 14, at

00:12:48

the base, by the way, again about what you were

00:12:50

talking about, the German man truck Osman

00:12:53

Gulag, which were supplied just to the

00:12:55

Russian Empire, a cannon

00:12:57

armored car was built that performed quite well

00:12:59

recommended further at the front, but

00:13:01

it was simply too late because

00:13:03

it was already the fifteenth year,

00:13:06

I can say that the abuse of the automobile can be said

00:13:08

especially in advance of the elegant hunger of the hunger

00:13:11

associated with the fuel cartridge, but again,

00:13:14

his Russian empire’s weakness was,

00:13:15

of course, in the material and technical

00:13:18

supply of armored cars. that

00:13:20

moment and then the years of the civil war,

00:13:22

quite massive parts were also an

00:13:25

easy Ravana car, which

00:13:26

mainly moved along the highway when, like

00:13:29

armored cars, they could sometimes act

00:13:30

in conjunction with cavalry, for example, all

00:13:33

this was new for the Russian imperial

00:13:35

army. By the way, it must be

00:13:38

said that the Russian army at this

00:13:40

point they were interested not so much in an

00:13:42

armored car in the fourteenth year as in just a

00:13:44

car; in fact, by the end of the

00:13:46

14th year, they managed to purchase

00:13:49

about 1200 cars from the Entente allies;

00:13:52

in the future, these purchases

00:13:54

increased significantly and, accordingly, and look

00:13:57

at slightly more distant prospects, then in the

00:14:01

future the number cars in general

00:14:04

cars in Russia precisely because of the war

00:14:06

will increase up to, according to some of the most

00:14:08

optimistic estimates, up to 70,000, but this is

00:14:11

all trucks and cars at the front

00:14:14

or in general in general, in fact,

00:14:18

at the front I wanted of course a minimum of

00:14:20

unity, I can say that the Russian

00:14:21

empire is what was able to some extent

00:14:24

to advance quite quickly; in the

00:14:26

purchase of motorcycles in the fifteenth year there

00:14:29

were already eight thousand motorcycles, but the

00:14:31

motorcycle troops, of course, could no longer

00:14:34

solve their problems that they

00:14:36

could have solved in 1914, and I

00:14:39

added to you, in addition to the purchase of motorcycles,

00:14:41

cars were also purchased famous

00:14:44

chauffeur's leather jackets, which

00:14:47

will then be strongly associated with the image

00:14:50

of security officers, of course, very comfortable clothes in

00:14:53

fact, but without it, by the way, it

00:14:55

was nothing special to wear in armored cars; his

00:14:57

car gives no new car,

00:14:59

theoretically,

00:15:01

somehow it was difficult for drivers to be in other clothes

00:15:03

because that

00:15:06

at that time the room was quite dirty, but the

00:15:08

jacket protected the driver from

00:15:11

oil from many other technical liquids coming into contact with his skin

00:15:14

because at

00:15:16

that moment the driver was servicing the

00:15:18

car as a civilian car,

00:15:20

but actually the profession of the driver has now

00:15:22

completely changed because, by

00:15:24

the way, up to 60- s until the beginning of

00:15:28

the sixties, the main driver

00:15:30

was also obliged to take care of the technical

00:15:32

condition from his money or something else, but

00:15:35

by the way, it was precisely with such a crooked starter that the

00:15:37

first armored cars started up

00:15:41

right at that moment, this is normal, this is

00:15:42

good in principle, because

00:15:44

electric start from shelling at this time the moment

00:15:46

of the electric starter, the Russian Empire

00:15:48

basically didn’t exist at that time,

00:15:51

well, when we come to the

00:15:54

seventeenth year, what successes of the

00:15:56

Russian Empire do we see? About 300

00:15:59

armored cars were still this to

00:16:01

my mother, this was all over both the front and the rear, but

00:16:03

naturally because part part of the armor of the

00:16:06

automobile divisions, in particular, it

00:16:09

was located in other directions,

00:16:12

including in the rear, but in general

00:16:14

there was such a fleet at that time, but the question is

00:16:16

about the personnel with which

00:16:19

these and the second not divisions were staffed, mainly

00:16:22

who tried to take workers, although

00:16:25

this is not always the case it was possible and, for example, in

00:16:27

France it was well established in the First

00:16:30

World War, it works and the sailors

00:16:32

mainly transferred sailors to armored vehicles

00:16:35

because they knew how to

00:16:38

work with engines, that is, they had

00:16:40

relatively technical literacy, as a

00:16:42

rule, sailors had a higher

00:16:44

educational qualification, but in the Russian

00:16:46

Empire they did not aerosmith the

00:16:47

corresponding officer courses and

00:16:49

retraining was quite accelerated for

00:16:51

female enlisted personnel before that, that

00:16:54

is, it cannot be said that the personnel were

00:16:56

ideal, but due to the fact that the losses in

00:16:58

these units were still not so

00:17:00

significant,

00:17:01

professionalism was simply

00:17:03

developed; watch all the same, 300

00:17:05

armored cars crew and the average the

00:17:08

main armored car of the same Austin, Fiat

00:17:11

has such a concept, even the established

00:17:13

ruskey feat is about five people, but let's

00:17:15

multiply by 5, let's say 1500 people are

00:17:18

quite compact, namely the crew themselves,

00:17:21

meaning the crew in general, so that it is very

00:17:24

interesting these are two drivers, two

00:17:26

machine gun operators, you can say

00:17:29

other specialists the commander, including

00:17:31

sometimes sappers, took part in this

00:17:33

because one of the functions, by the way, the deputy deputy, if

00:17:36

in the year nine hundred and six, Russia was not earlier than

00:17:39

in Europe, it was sabotage, that is, to

00:17:42

drive up and set explosives

00:17:44

to evacuate in the future, and in the Russian

00:17:46

army it was planned to deliver officers in armored cars,

00:17:48

by the way this function in the

00:17:51

civil war will manifest itself a

00:17:52

little bit ahead of myself, I can say

00:17:54

that it will be, for example, carried during the

00:17:58

hostilities against waved on an

00:18:00

armored car, and then one day, since

00:18:03

the armored car, this moment was reduced for a long time,

00:18:05

we will be on I almost became a victim of the

00:18:07

Makhnovist quick attack, as

00:18:10

Samakh recalls but they saw him

00:18:12

shaving, waking up from his shirt, but he managed to escape,

00:18:15

but considering that the armored car was not captured,

00:18:18

apparently something is wrong in the story that

00:18:20

Nestor Ivanovich told us

00:18:23

accordingly, well, let's go back to the

00:18:25

revolutionary Petrograd of the February March of the

00:18:27

seventeenth year, so

00:18:30

Lenin is returning and probably not

00:18:32

It was a coincidence that he performed not just anywhere, but

00:18:35

from an armored car, that is, the

00:18:38

employees of this armored car

00:18:40

unit, they were just

00:18:43

promoting and big ones, and not to say

00:18:45

that everyone, but they, and as I already said,

00:18:47

firstly, they, like many others, did not want to

00:18:49

go to the front and this there were

00:18:51

qualified specialists who

00:18:53

were mostly literate, who

00:18:56

were involved in the political life of

00:18:58

the capital, at this point it is not at all

00:18:59

surprising that Lenin spoke from an

00:19:02

armored car; by the way, the armored car was fitted

00:19:04

at that time, including with police

00:19:07

functions, in order to potentially

00:19:09

fight crowds, and by the way, 1 one from

00:19:12

his appointments there was also this, that is, is there a

00:19:14

dance of such a paddy wagon, you can say

00:19:17

things, well, let’s say, not even a paddy wagon of a

00:19:19

deadly water cannon, you can say this

00:19:21

instead of iron water, then this is

00:19:23

this new information, well, in any case, the

00:19:26

white sources said so that the

00:19:29

armored cars were sent to those places where

00:19:30

mass unrest was possible, by the way, let's

00:19:33

look at third world countries and

00:19:35

now lightly armored vehicles

00:19:36

are used by the police with approximately the same

00:19:39

level of armor on the table as

00:19:42

modern vehicles, the villager Perry

00:19:44

agitated about them putting pressure on them and

00:19:46

was not going to shoot at that moment and

00:19:48

it was very convenient the place is all the more

00:19:51

valid and there are female compartments and just the

00:19:53

same specialists who worked on

00:19:55

armored cars sympathized with the

00:19:58

Bolsheviks in some of their parts and in the

00:20:00

future there will be more and more Sochi, but

00:20:03

by the way it must be said that armored cars

00:20:05

took part in many revolutionary

00:20:08

events, for example, let’s take in general how they

00:20:11

spread on the front and it will become

00:20:13

clear to us how they participated in the

00:20:15

revolutionary events, respectively,

00:20:17

for example, let’s take the southwestern front in the

00:20:19

autumn of 1917, this is essentially 5 armored

00:20:23

divisions of which were

00:20:26

actually part of a special army and a

00:20:29

special purpose army, and some

00:20:32

vehicles were also located near Romania,

00:20:35

respectively, in the distance this the most

00:20:37

reactionary front if you look at

00:20:39

the fate of, for example, the northern front, which

00:20:41

was very large, zero van, after all, it was the

00:20:43

southwestern front, it was a front of not that

00:20:45

degree anymore, by the way,

00:20:48

looking ahead, I’ll say that the crews of

00:20:51

armored cars, by the way, will go over to the side of the

00:20:55

Ukrainian People’s Republic after

00:20:58

just the October revolution, but of course, not

00:21:00

everything is now accepted in Ukrainian

00:21:02

historiography to talk about the total

00:21:04

Ukrainization of the formations given by the military forces,

00:21:08

which were also

00:21:09

located in Kiev in Kharkov, but

00:21:12

nevertheless this is a fact about the reaction to the night,

00:21:15

this process and the Ukrainization of the army

00:21:17

began even under Kerensky about this

00:21:19

they spoke on the 1st floor and transmissions, but what

00:21:22

was the situation with the formation and on the

00:21:24

red act we will blame their units, in

00:21:27

fact, their formation began, we do

00:21:30

n’t even expect it from February

00:21:33

1918, but earlier than January 1918,

00:21:37

because then a central

00:21:40

council appeared to manage all armored vehicles

00:21:42

parts of the republic center

00:21:44

armor was such a well-known abbreviation

00:21:47

that was assigned primarily to

00:21:49

placing orders for the construction of new

00:21:51

armored vehicles for the repair of old

00:21:54

armored vehicles in order to

00:21:55

use resources, including the

00:21:57

Izhora plant, which at

00:22:00

that time produced armor that was slightly

00:22:02

inferior in quality, for example, to English

00:22:05

armor, but for the purposes of the young republic it was quite

00:22:07

suitable, by the way, the Reds, in

00:22:11

principle, understood the special role of armored cars

00:22:14

in the future conflict, of course, because the

00:22:16

Reds understand perfectly well that the war

00:22:18

will be a mobile counteraction to the

00:22:20

internal enemy, first of all, and

00:22:23

cars at that time were seen as a

00:22:25

definite priority, plus a

00:22:28

car, too there was a guarantee of the calm of

00:22:30

the city in many ways so that the car could

00:22:33

stop the provocation and help with the suppression

00:22:36

of counter-revolutionary protests,

00:22:38

which is also important, as it was at the time of the

00:22:41

dispersal of the constituent assembly of the dar and

00:22:43

so on and in many other cases so

00:22:46

that armored cars were noted and

00:22:48

for example in Kharkov we can say that this is

00:22:51

just modern Ukrainian

00:22:53

historiography says that the

00:22:55

Reds brazenly

00:22:57

captured, under the leadership of Sievers, the

00:23:01

Sivers team of the Reds with clean

00:23:02

armored cars, but in fact the Reds were

00:23:05

simply able to ideologically win because

00:23:08

of its action, the Ukrainian People's

00:23:09

Republic at that time was simply

00:23:11

unable to propagandize them, but the

00:23:14

inner considered the main purpose of the

00:23:16

armored cars located in Kharkov is to

00:23:19

suppress workers' riots and to

00:23:21

suppress pro-Soviet pro-

00:23:23

Bolshevik protests in our video

00:23:26

dedicated to independence, the so-called

00:23:28

on pieces, we talked about what

00:23:30

happened in Kharkov, in fact, simply the

00:23:31

transfer of units died to the side of the Red

00:23:35

Guard that the consequences turned into

00:23:39

certain Ukrainian units will make up the

00:23:41

Red Guard itself, yes, we

00:23:43

really recommend watching this video, but I

00:23:45

suggest

00:23:47

we talk a little more about the economy because these

00:23:49

Bolsheviks distinguished themselves to a significant

00:23:52

extent during the war years; in

00:23:55

fact, the Bolsheviks were able to quite

00:23:57

successfully

00:23:59

re-equip many factory lines,

00:24:01

large large ones, or rather steam locomotives

00:24:04

construction and carriage

00:24:05

plant during the Civil War,

00:24:08

mainly, again, which were located in the

00:24:10

center of the country, the industrial center that

00:24:12

remained with the Bolsheviks is Nizhny

00:24:14

Novgorod, respectively, this column of

00:24:17

Bryansk Moscow, mainly

00:24:19

repair activities were carried out there,

00:24:22

it is very important for armored cars and

00:24:24

the production of new armor plates

00:24:27

was also mastered, that is, it was precisely

00:24:29

one of the greatest merits of the Bolsheviks

00:24:31

that they were able to prepare it in an economic

00:24:33

sense in order to

00:24:35

use

00:24:37

armored vehicles effectively, and by the way, it

00:24:40

must be said that it was an

00:24:42

expensive pleasure for the Bolsheviks at

00:24:45

that time, suffice it to say that to

00:24:47

book an armored train

00:24:49

four thousand pounds of armor were required, this is a

00:24:52

lot of revolutionary money,

00:24:54

and therefore the Russian

00:24:56

Empire didn’t have that many armored trains, but the Bolsheviks, the Bolsheviks, for

00:24:58

example, managed to

00:25:01

significantly reduce costs with an armored train,

00:25:03

and in the same way, for example, with an

00:25:06

armored car, we got one hundred and fifty pounds of armored trains that had

00:25:09

enough qualities needed

00:25:11

to be on one actually, that is, it was

00:25:13

expensive, it was difficult to get, but in the

00:25:16

economy, as always, the Bolsheviks were

00:25:18

more successful in the same way as in

00:25:20

the preparation of fuels and lubricants,

00:25:22

despite the well-known event of 18,

00:25:26

which deprived the Bolsheviks of access to cancer,

00:25:28

for example, Baku oil but in fuel

00:25:31

then it was possible to

00:25:33

make the leg of the Bolshaks in a different way; relatively

00:25:35

speaking, the most important thing was to

00:25:37

mobilize and create such a system,

00:25:39

all the factories were included in the so-called

00:25:42

strike group, again, and the results here, I

00:25:46

must say, they were not long in coming,

00:25:48

accordingly, for example, in general, the

00:25:51

Bolsheviks produced it from scratch

00:25:53

with 1918 to

00:25:57

1921

00:25:59

280 armored vehicles, that is, these are precisely those

00:26:01

produced already in Russia, of course,

00:26:04

using a foreign wheelbase of

00:26:06

other components, but at the same time this is

00:26:09

actually more than the period of the First

00:26:11

World War, here it is economic

00:26:14

efficiency, taking into account the fact that

00:26:16

certain factories were lost in Poland and

00:26:18

Finland so further, everything is correct because

00:26:21

back in the fifteenth year, to a large

00:26:23

extent, Poland stopped working for the

00:26:25

Russian economy, just this

00:26:27

one of the mistakes of the Russian empire was

00:26:30

that it looks like a period of war,

00:26:32

strategic enterprises for themselves, the

00:26:35

main Russian territory and more

00:26:38

in the future will become completely independent

00:26:40

state, that is, production

00:26:42

capacity will be lost, let's move

00:26:45

directly to the most interesting thing - the

00:26:48

battles and we'll start with that

00:26:50

on the battlefields of the civil war,

00:26:52

what exactly were the brands of armored cars,

00:26:55

maybe some names, of course

00:26:57

we'll talk about this now, the most

00:26:59

common ones, for example in the south they were

00:27:01

about not wiki austin sometimes they are called

00:27:03

sharp path catcher if

00:27:05

significant modifications were made at the putilov

00:27:07

now kirov plant, more precisely now

00:27:10

what is left of the kirov plant it

00:27:12

seems to me correct and

00:27:14

accordingly they were distinguished by powerful

00:27:16

weapons this is a maxim machine gun the

00:27:19

maxim system or rather let’s make some remark not

00:27:21

just a machine gun Maxim in the tower towers

00:27:24

location and

00:27:26

armor bulletproof weak

00:27:28

anti-fragmentation what does the system mean? These

00:27:31

were some special machine guns for

00:27:34

armored cars, but of course with a different

00:27:35

machine gun with a different mount, so it’s

00:27:37

just a Maxim machine gun,

00:27:39

it would be wrong to call it, but the system I’m

00:27:41

definitely a Maxim is just a belt-

00:27:44

powered battle with fabric tape, but

00:27:46

some were simply modifications

00:27:48

were made for these machine guns

00:27:49

in the same way, by the way, they were made in

00:27:52

Petrograd Harvard, which is also

00:27:55

sometimes called Harvard Putilov,

00:27:56

which were carriers of a 76 mm

00:27:59

cannon and two machine guns, quite powerful

00:28:02

but poorly mobile, often breaking, that

00:28:05

is, they acted the same on the walls

00:28:08

accordingly, also in the south, for example,

00:28:10

Russia there were Jeffrey armored cars, which

00:28:13

were modifications of American vehicles

00:28:15

under the command of a staff captain, a

00:28:18

float captain who later went over

00:28:21

to the side of the Ukrainian

00:28:23

People's Republic, before that he served in the

00:28:26

Russian army, this is the

00:28:29

nomenclature and in general I think that I should

00:28:31

give an approximate description of what

00:28:33

it was an average

00:28:35

armored car, it didn’t hit the Harvard

00:28:37

Andre against the walls of the Russian Fiat and in general their

00:28:40

concept converged and in order to

00:28:43

reduce the time of our video we look at

00:28:46

certain essential characteristics

00:28:48

of these armored cars, accordingly,

00:28:51

something about us was not reliable enough

00:28:53

despite their apparent antiquity

00:28:57

what it is cars from the beginning of the twentieth century,

00:29:00

they had a good enough engine life

00:29:03

that would allow one hundred percent

00:29:06

travel of about 1300 kilometers before

00:29:08

engine failure, of course the

00:29:12

fuel consumption was very high and about 1 liter per

00:29:14

kilometer, that is, 100 liters per 100

00:29:16

kilometers, in fact, a lot of expenses for

00:29:18

high fuel consumption,

00:29:20

but in general, in fact, the project page we have

00:29:23

already said, as a rule, these are five people,

00:29:25

two drivers, the commander is barely the chief of

00:29:28

machine guns, so the Red Army, by the way,

00:29:30

was called the chief of machine guns, in

00:29:32

reality, to the gunner, the machine gunner, we will be

00:29:35

authentic, the wheels were, by the way,

00:29:37

wooden, artillery type, and the rear ones were

00:29:39

dual to improve cross-country ability

00:29:41

from -for the center of mass and because you still

00:29:44

need to take into account the location of the turrets and

00:29:47

weapons and fuel tanks, again its

00:29:50

tires provided 3000 kilometers of

00:29:53

mileage, good gas motor tires

00:29:56

were installed on an armored car, what is

00:29:58

it, but this is a special

00:30:00

tire manufacturing technology that was used

00:30:04

during the First World War war, which

00:30:05

provided them with fairly good

00:30:08

wear resistance indicators,

00:30:10

they were not inflatable, they were

00:30:13

solid, so to speak, this is a

00:30:16

technological feature at that

00:30:18

time, so the engine, by the way, had a

00:30:21

capacity of 60 horsepower, by

00:30:23

modern standards it was now

00:30:25

completely insufficient, but at that time it was not bad,

00:30:27

but the fact is that the maximum weight of the

00:30:30

armored car did not exceed 5 tons, but more precisely

00:30:33

5 tons 300 kilograms at that moment,

00:30:35

therefore, this power was sufficient for its

00:30:38

characteristics in general; the armored car, for

00:30:40

example, on a flat highway, which

00:30:42

of course the Russian Empire could not

00:30:44

find, could reach a speed of up to 60 km per

00:30:48

hour moderately rough terrain

00:30:50

could generally reach a speed of 30 kilometers per

00:30:52

hour, in principle, but rough

00:30:55

terrain was a huge damage to the suspension at

00:30:58

that time and therefore, of course, they didn’t

00:31:01

really want to transport them at that time

00:31:04

and just like that on their own,

00:31:07

and probably not every elevation angle is like that the

00:31:08

armored car could overcome 20 17 degrees,

00:31:11

somewhere it could theoretically overcome it,

00:31:14

but it must be taken into account that this is a dry surface in ideal

00:31:16

technical condition,

00:31:17

and of course much

00:31:20

less is said about the ford, nothing is said

00:31:22

about a maximum of half a meter, this is in the

00:31:25

best conditions,

00:31:27

accordingly, a fastidious car, and

00:31:29

of course, with a whimsical but again,

00:31:31

with good support, of course, everything

00:31:34

could turn out to be much more interesting than

00:31:36

booking, just about not a car,

00:31:38

it’s primarily like a tank, it’s

00:31:40

security, after all, this is the main

00:31:43

key parameter, the vertical armor is not

00:31:45

at an angle, which was installed 7

00:31:48

millimeters of steel, as I already said at a

00:31:51

distance of 50 meters could be

00:31:53

pierced by a Mosin rifle, that is, a

00:31:56

762 bullet could hit it from a greater

00:32:00

distance of 100 meters, sometimes in rare

00:32:03

cases up to 500, this is an armor-piercing bullet

00:32:06

that was still adopted by the Imperial Russian

00:32:10

Army for service, but the truth is that there

00:32:12

were few such bullets, so

00:32:15

armored cars are not so common steel became the

00:32:18

prey of such lucky shooters, the

00:32:22

main enemy is artillery, and any of them,

00:32:24

but because fragments even from a three-

00:32:27

inch gun developed such a speed

00:32:29

that allowed them to penetrate an armored car,

00:32:32

the only thing that was done well was the felt

00:32:36

upholstery inside the armored hull, this was

00:32:39

in order to protect the crew

00:32:41

from the fragments that were formed with a

00:32:44

non-piercing impact on the armor of a bullet or

00:32:48

shrapnel, respectively, this is a problem

00:32:50

that was his Second World War,

00:32:53

which we have now, for example, modern

00:32:55

tiger armored vehicles are lined with Kevlar, for example, the

00:32:58

inside is trimmed and hummers for the ground for the

00:33:03

same purposes, and then felt was used,

00:33:05

but it was also one of the largest

00:33:07

problems because the temperature inside in the summer was

00:33:09

60 degrees from 370. Partly there was still no

00:33:14

thermal insulation, moving from the engine

00:33:16

all the heat came from the fighting compartment,

00:33:19

naturally the powder gases were not removed

00:33:22

from the armored car, which led, by the way, to the fact

00:33:26

that the security of its crew was reduced

00:33:29

by opening the hatches because the armored car was made

00:33:32

for the same steam and the so-called

00:33:34

ruskey feat, based on the fact that the infantry

00:33:36

close to him would not be able to

00:33:39

hit him with something like a grenade for an hour, but it

00:33:43

worked out because naturally the

00:33:46

crew opened the hatches and the

00:33:48

grenade flew through these hatches or the

00:33:50

door and because in fact, Vasya

00:33:52

gingerbread there were also doors that

00:33:55

opened when opened and of course a grenade

00:33:56

of a successful one there could be one

00:34:00

of the reasons for the loss of the difficult extreme conditions

00:34:03

for combat a

00:34:05

primitive device for

00:34:07

observation and for the driver then

00:34:10

he was called a driver and for the commanders

00:34:13

of the machine guns also despite the fact that this is a

00:34:15

tower is naturally a tower without any

00:34:17

electrical apparatus

00:34:20

that allowed them to be turned not by the

00:34:23

muscular strength of the shooter, that is, on the

00:34:26

most advanced and about French

00:34:28

armored cars of the end of the First World

00:34:31

War they already tried to install a

00:34:33

hydraulic booster in order to

00:34:35

turn the towers faster, but on Russian

00:34:38

armored cars such there was no, respectively,

00:34:40

the commander was also in no better

00:34:42

position

00:34:43

at all, so the Russians, by the way, an officer

00:34:47

or an aristocratic origin

00:34:48

considered this a rather menial job, and

00:34:51

regarding the machine guns with which the

00:34:53

armored cars were equipped, the most

00:34:56

interesting thing for us, essentially the point of the armored car was to

00:34:59

protect the shooter first of all, to

00:35:01

deliver the machine gun quickly to where the

00:35:04

battle was fought, how the machine gun team of the

00:35:06

armored car worked, inside there were machine guns of the

00:35:09

Maxim system, as I already said,

00:35:11

which are absurd, which were served by 2

00:35:14

chiefs of machine guns, they were in the

00:35:16

turrets on belts, that is, they did not have a

00:35:19

metal seat at that time, and

00:35:21

by the way, for example, the Central Museum of the

00:35:23

Armed Forces in Moscow can see an

00:35:25

armored car from the era of the Civil War and

00:35:27

see how the fighting compartment itself was organized,

00:35:31

like a hammock like this for the

00:35:33

Romans, in fact it was quite

00:35:35

convenient, although they were always because they

00:35:41

swayed strongly during the period when the car was in motion; at that time there

00:35:43

were no tank helmets yet and were not uncommon injuries,

00:35:46

although these very leather caps

00:35:49

played such a protective role, by the way,

00:35:51

not only leather jackets felt, but also

00:35:54

felt, although 1 and felt is

00:35:56

not enough, it’s just desirable to have

00:35:58

some kind of protection on the head;

00:36:02

as I already

00:36:04

said, quite primitive there were no

00:36:06

optical observation devices at that

00:36:09

time, this is what is called

00:36:10

iron sight, that is, the sight itself, as it

00:36:13

is, is iron without any collimator

00:36:17

sights without even optical sights

00:36:20

that would be useful by the way, the

00:36:21

Bolsheviks will try to

00:36:23

install

00:36:24

optics for the future more to expand, you can

00:36:27

say the reconnaissance functions

00:36:28

of the Bolsheviks, no, an

00:36:32

optical device was installed above the machine gun,

00:36:35

special holes were cut there in order to

00:36:37

install an observation device,

00:36:39

but this is a fawn experiment, this is non-standard

00:36:42

staffing, and in fact, I

00:36:46

agree with you, and these machine guns allowed

00:36:48

enough to have a significant field of

00:36:50

fire

00:36:52

force again and the mobility of the turrets, they

00:36:55

could rotate 180 degrees, but

00:36:58

in real battle conditions this

00:36:59

was theoretically possible and 360, but this was never

00:37:02

practically used

00:37:04

due to the design of the

00:37:07

armored car itself, and they made it possible to inflict particularly

00:37:10

large losses on the cavalry, in

00:37:13

particular two machine guns, so I would

00:37:16

even agree one machine gun for a cavalry

00:37:18

detachment is a huge problem, and two

00:37:20

machine guns, which were still

00:37:23

controlled by experienced shooters, and by the way, the

00:37:25

Bolsheviks in the future

00:37:28

will send the most talented

00:37:30

machine gunners to armored cars who have proven themselves well, and

00:37:33

not only against the cavalry unit, but

00:37:35

also for example, for the infantry, now

00:37:38

two machine guns are also a murder of course of course

00:37:40

but to stop the cavalry lava this is the

00:37:43

best wallpaper application because

00:37:46

when we talk a little more in detail

00:37:48

about the Bolshevik use

00:37:50

during the Civil War more because the

00:37:52

Bolsheviks used armored cars in

00:37:54

one formation schoolgirls when the

00:37:56

territory allowed it when the

00:37:58

technical condition of armored cars allowed it

00:38:00

the main advantage of armored cars

00:38:03

before

00:38:04

horse-drawn and the fillings are also horse-

00:38:07

drawn, this is, of course, an opportunity

00:38:09

to cover long distances if an

00:38:11

armored car in the Red Army

00:38:13

could easily cover 250 kilometers, especially

00:38:16

with good natural

00:38:18

maintenance, they didn’t get tired for 50

00:38:21

kilometers from remembering by the way the history of

00:38:23

wars, including even the medieval one,

00:38:26

this one the daytime march for horses

00:38:28

remains the same, but as a night light, I will

00:38:31

still say that there were advantages

00:38:34

that these armored cars leave the

00:38:36

cavalry far behind and luck on the fact

00:38:39

that it does not need fuel is that it is

00:38:42

much more convenient to operate, and

00:38:44

about 50 kilometers away It wasn’t always

00:38:47

like this, sometimes they gave a hundred a day for

00:38:50

transitions, so by the way, that’s why the

00:38:53

China car appeared in the south because there

00:38:55

were few armored cars, it was almost

00:38:57

impossible to operate them, that

00:38:59

is, this is the era of the rear armored car cart, but they are

00:39:02

similar in their tactics, that is, for example, an

00:39:05

armored car it operates I tried on

00:39:07

the flanks, for example, the cart was also on

00:39:09

the right one, yes, of course, very similar

00:39:12

tactics of combat use, but the

00:39:14

vehicles had an obvious advantage on the

00:39:16

other side, of course, I should also make

00:39:19

some bow to your side because due to the fact

00:39:22

that the material part

00:39:24

was worn out, sometimes armored cars in the Red

00:39:26

Army were transported in a very unusual

00:39:29

way jumping into them with about 6 horses

00:39:32

in order to visit the engine resource

00:39:34

when there was no train nearby, for example, on

00:39:37

which it was easy to bring an armored car, there

00:39:39

was no grass at that time,

00:39:42

now the modern army has 100 vehicles,

00:39:44

trawls on which they transport tanks and

00:39:47

self-propelled artillery pieces, which is

00:39:49

precisely for in order to preserve the life of the

00:39:51

engine and chassis, for example,

00:39:54

oh well, armored cars, here we have a wonderful

00:39:57

film, The Elusive Avengers Episode 1, it

00:40:00

shows that a horse-drawn car

00:40:03

acts like they want to wax it works, this is

00:40:05

important, so let's move on

00:40:07

directly to the most interesting part, to the

00:40:09

battles, of course, at the very beginning of

00:40:11

the civil war During the war, the Reds had from 150

00:40:14

to 200 16 armored vehicles,

00:40:16

respectively, and

00:40:18

almost immediately at the very beginning of the

00:40:20

civil war, an organizational structure was formed for

00:40:23

their use, the main organizational

00:40:26

unit is an auto armored detachment as

00:40:30

such, this auto armored detachment could

00:40:32

include three armored cars, it could,

00:40:35

of course, include plus

00:40:39

service parts which were necessary for

00:40:41

combat use,

00:40:42

accordingly, this proved to be a

00:40:45

fairly successful solution in order

00:40:48

to organize the movement of

00:40:51

armored detachments by car along the front of their control,

00:40:53

subordinate them to various departments, and

00:40:56

by the way, the contour of the partisan

00:40:58

auto armored detachments, in particular, they

00:41:00

treated themselves well, we got it in In one of the

00:41:02

videos, we were persuaded not to fight against

00:41:05

Antonov the Wonderful, but because basically they

00:41:07

always tell us white that they were

00:41:09

gassed, but first of all, if

00:41:12

they used gas, they didn’t kill anyone, but

00:41:14

the armored car performed its

00:41:16

police function more than reliably, that

00:41:18

is, they poisoned the basics of the armored car me, yes,

00:41:21

by the way, in all reports on the

00:41:24

Antonov uprising, in all military

00:41:25

documents, it is indicated that the effectiveness

00:41:28

of all the means affected was not the

00:41:31

highest, the armored car was higher than that of the

00:41:32

artillery, which is why the infantry and cavalry

00:41:35

practically created such rigid

00:41:37

checkpoints and patrolled from the road, why are

00:41:39

armored cars where they were created, but

00:41:42

I will complement you, when we were talking about

00:41:44

the famous Mamontovsky, we also mentioned

00:41:47

that armored cars in his acceleration

00:41:50

of neutralization also played a significant role for the Reds;

00:42:00

By the way,

00:42:02

thanks to the Bolshevik construction

00:42:04

technology, maintaining combat effectiveness with the

00:42:07

loss of 50 percent of the material part,

00:42:10

accordingly, this, in my opinion, was

00:42:12

better than that of the enemy than, for example, the

00:42:15

forces of the entire armed forces of the south of Russia had a

00:42:18

better indicator than that of the same Ukrainian

00:42:21

People's Republic that we were

00:42:22

talking about, in principle, here it was

00:42:24

Bolshakov, in my opinion, everything was fine,

00:42:26

and even the Bolsheviks were able, by hook or

00:42:29

by crook, to ensure the operation of

00:42:32

armored vehicles everywhere, to get

00:42:34

trucks and even practically

00:42:37

produce them, although even before the first

00:42:39

Soviet truck, the dagaz truck, but the

00:42:42

so-called lady was still very

00:42:46

far away, but other

00:42:48

problems had to be solved in addition to organizational issues,

00:42:50

for example, this is a personnel issue; first

00:42:52

of all, here it was also necessary to act

00:42:53

very quickly; by the way, the Bolsheviks

00:42:55

partly took the French experience and began

00:42:58

sending them to sailors in an armored car, that is,

00:43:01

as those who were better familiar with the mechanisms,

00:43:04

naturally a lot of

00:43:06

military personnel of the Russian imperial

00:43:08

army remained in the service of the Bolsheviks and the

00:43:12

army of the Russian republic from, so to

00:43:14

speak, the period of the provisional

00:43:16

government from September 1,

00:43:19

1917, and later then they

00:43:21

sent soldiers who, first of all,

00:43:24

had artillery specifically from, for

00:43:25

example, machine gunners and workers, by the way,

00:43:29

because the workers were good at working

00:43:30

with mechanisms; features of workers

00:43:33

who knew how to work with

00:43:35

internal engines combustion

00:43:36

with there is a reminder that the machine gun

00:43:39

was then still in the tsarist imperial

00:43:42

army belonged to the artillery department, so there is

00:43:44

nothing strange here, but still

00:43:46

interested in the battles, let's talk about the organization,

00:43:49

we talked about the personnel, also how the armored car

00:43:53

behaved on the battlefield, but the red one

00:43:55

was formed as follows:

00:43:57

battle tactics application armored vehicles

00:44:01

interacting with cavalry was

00:44:02

carried out exclusively in the

00:44:04

cavalry zone of action and it is desirable that there

00:44:07

were highways nearby,

00:44:09

although in the conditions of the Russian Empire they

00:44:12

should be put in quotation marks because the

00:44:14

quality of the road surface was unimportant

00:44:17

why highway because that was where

00:44:19

all the repairs were located the supply

00:44:21

base would reward games for trucks even,

00:44:25

naturally, horse traction could be,

00:44:28

accordingly, a relatively flat

00:44:30

surface so that they could be used by the akimat and

00:44:32

act next to the cavalry; they were

00:44:34

used as a shock fire

00:44:36

means of reinforcing a reconnaissance unit;

00:44:39

this is precisely one of the main functions of

00:44:41

armored cars on a civilian; they are a

00:44:44

reconnaissance unit; secrets are

00:44:47

the possibility of delivering reconnaissance groups, by the way,

00:44:50

sometimes they even give in an armored car

00:44:51

they were used to carry out fire

00:44:54

raids and it was precisely here that the advantage in

00:44:56

speed was relatively little noticeable

00:44:58

to look for and the engines were relatively 5 and

00:45:00

little noisy, so getting close to the

00:45:03

enemy unnoticed in certain

00:45:05

cases was quite possible and of course

00:45:08

strengthening the blow of the main forces because the

00:45:10

red commander was fast noticed that the

00:45:12

appearance of armored cars on the battlefield

00:45:14

radically increases the morale of the

00:45:18

defending or advancing

00:45:20

advancing soldiers, and how did this happen

00:45:22

in practice, let’s say the Red Army soldiers

00:45:25

are holding the defense somewhere, let’s say they

00:45:28

jumped out as armored cars acted

00:45:30

armored cars or were in pre-

00:45:33

prepared positions,

00:45:35

for example, plus an armored car, unlike the

00:45:38

same cart was that it was

00:45:41

immediately ready for battle with good

00:45:43

maintenance, that is, there

00:45:44

was no need not to deploy it,

00:45:46

it was well protected, it was the

00:45:49

level of security here that was of key

00:45:52

importance, they were used as firing

00:45:54

points quite successfully for the defense of

00:45:56

railway stations, for example, for me

00:45:58

known from the memoirs of one of the

00:46:01

participants in the battles who served in the armor for

00:46:04

centuries, no one Zinoviev about the defense of the

00:46:07

railway station against the attack of the

00:46:10

Cossacks, in fact, the Cossacks thought that there was

00:46:13

infantry there and the wounded, literally,

00:46:16

they Cossacks quickly observed that we were

00:46:18

installing a Lewis light machine gun,

00:46:20

something the Red Army soldiers were trying to

00:46:23

do with stationary with a

00:46:26

Maxim heavy machine gun and decided to make a

00:46:29

quick raid as a cavalry rasler, the most

00:46:32

ideal task by all indications, this is most likely

00:46:33

just the periods of the

00:46:35

Denikin offensive, maybe the

00:46:36

Mamontov raid, there is no exact dating of

00:46:39

these memories that

00:46:41

we encountered, but it was bad luck that the people did not

00:46:44

notice the train behind the station where

00:46:47

the armored cars were standing, and these

00:46:50

two armored cars are four machine guns, you

00:46:53

can immediately say that this fabulous

00:46:56

hundred were destroyed, or rather put to

00:46:58

flight in a very short time, literally

00:47:01

in a few minutes as soon as they were able to

00:47:03

leave, in

00:47:05

my opinion, the train there advanced a little

00:47:08

so that the armored cars they were able to bring

00:47:10

fire, that is, the cavalry attack was

00:47:12

completely thwarted, and that is, your security

00:47:15

station from an attack by a mobile

00:47:17

enemy is very good from my

00:47:19

point of view, and during the offensive period, as

00:47:22

they do, the period of the offensive is right up to participation

00:47:24

on the flanks, by the way, the vanguard, the

00:47:28

offensive is often short, reconnaissance is

00:47:30

what? part of the offensive, of course,

00:47:32

must be reconnaissance in force 1 machine gun reconnaissance

00:47:34

in force, of course, just to find out where

00:47:37

the enemy is, plus, by the way, they will deliver an

00:47:40

officer to the battlefield in the case of the enemy

00:47:43

and a Red commander in the case of the

00:47:45

workers’ and peasants’ Red Army,

00:47:47

deliver some kind of urgent

00:47:48

correspondence, even for these purposes

00:47:50

armored cars were used naturally

00:47:53

support attacked, knocked out an eye and fired

00:47:55

ammunition, yes, absolutely true and by the way,

00:47:57

the only thing that was rarely used on the

00:47:59

offensive in reconnaissance and

00:48:01

sabotage raids is exactly what was

00:48:04

inherited from the armor of

00:48:06

armored vehicles that were created before the

00:48:08

First World War, this is

00:48:10

preparation for blowing up certain

00:48:13

objects because Each armored car

00:48:16

had a certain supply of dynamite or other

00:48:19

explosives in order to

00:48:21

blow up, for example, a bridge when you are

00:48:24

retreating, for example, or to carry out

00:48:25

sabotage using these explosives,

00:48:29

but this was rarely used, but sometimes

00:48:31

successfully, for example, the militants were able to do it when the

00:48:34

Red infantry units in one of the battles

00:48:36

on the southern front when it was necessary to

00:48:40

retreat, his infantry had nothing

00:48:42

to destroy the bridge, but it was known

00:48:45

that armored cars were also advancing from the white side,

00:48:47

and it is known that for an armored car, by the way, the

00:48:50

key condition for a successful

00:48:54

participation in the performance is

00:48:56

these village suspension bridges,

00:48:59

which in the Russian village, as a rule,

00:49:02

were built after a flood, and in during the

00:49:04

flood period they were not destroyed, but there is a year

00:49:06

of jelly, in fact, that’s why this is a limitation in

00:49:09

weight and much more, so it

00:49:11

was the armored car team that was able

00:49:13

to blow up this bridge and they

00:49:15

couldn’t use their white armored cars until they

00:49:17

supported the cavalry; the cavalry was left

00:49:19

without machine guns; at that time, the

00:49:21

white machine guns could not be removed from the armored car. they were able to, well, they

00:49:25

were of a special design that were not

00:49:26

applicable, this can be theoretically, but

00:49:29

then, who needs a complete armored car

00:49:31

without machine guns, in principle, well, relatively

00:49:36

speaking, to use it on

00:49:38

cavalrymen, you need to somewhere somewhere,

00:49:40

we’ll find some kind, we’ll still figure out how to use

00:49:43

a machine gun and how a box of cartridges that

00:49:46

was used by an armored car,

00:49:48

that is, this is actually a formidable weapon,

00:49:50

how else were they used?

00:50:06

again, while moving, spray fire

00:50:09

from machine guns at the

00:50:11

enemy cavalry, but here we must take into account

00:50:13

that, of course, targeted fire was

00:50:15

only possible from short stops; there

00:50:19

was no stabilization of the machine gun in the turrets in principle at that time, so it

00:50:23

is when the armored car moves and

00:50:25

shoots that this is an extremely rare story, for

00:50:27

example, there is well-known documentary

00:50:30

footage filmed by the famous director

00:50:32

Dziga Vertov regarding the exercises in

00:50:35

the twenties, after the civil

00:50:37

war in Moscow, they were taught just the exercises of the

00:50:39

Moscow military district where they were riding,

00:50:41

sleeping as if they were dismantling a car, most

00:50:43

likely it was Russian and from the so-called,

00:50:46

judging by the shape of the hull and the towers and he

00:50:50

shoots in motion, but in reality this, of

00:50:52

course,

00:50:54

was just a kind of entertainment for the filmmakers because it is

00:51:03

absolutely impossible to hit someone with such a suspension with such shock absorbers and on wooden wheels. Well, I can

00:51:06

say that machine guns were removed from the carts

00:51:08

from them Rarely did they shoot, this was

00:51:11

mainly during the period of oncoming battles,

00:51:13

retreat is understandable, the

00:51:15

armored car really must stop for

00:51:17

normal accurate shooting, so on and so on,

00:51:20

and direct actions in battle formations,

00:51:22

cavalry too, and in defense, we have already, in

00:51:26

principle, discussed the basic methods with

00:51:29

you, of course, the armored car

00:51:31

was used as I did I already spoke in those

00:51:33

sectors of the front where the enemy had artillery, except perhaps

00:51:35

from the flank and

00:51:38

go to the battery, because any

00:51:40

hit by an artillery shell on

00:51:42

any armored car would cause the destruction of the

00:51:44

fighting compartment. Always in street battles,

00:51:47

I came across episodes several times

00:51:49

when precisely because of damage and

00:51:52

grenades were stopped by armored cars, both

00:51:54

red and white, well, writing on the screens

00:51:56

could damage the wheel very easily

00:51:59

and even the most common grenades

00:52:02

could do this, especially since in

00:52:05

urban combat it was even more dangerous because

00:52:07

just there the

00:52:09

combat distance is such that the

00:52:11

bulletproof armor ceases perform its

00:52:14

function, that is, any machine gun burst

00:52:16

from an enemy machine gun will

00:52:18

penetrate especially from the sides of an

00:52:21

armored car and rifle fire, too, and it is

00:52:25

not a fact, of course, that this penetration

00:52:26

will lead to the death of one of the

00:52:28

crew members in order to get the correct

00:52:31

machine gunner into the head of the machine guns,

00:52:33

the commander, their drivers It’s no coincidence that

00:52:36

2 was there because one could replace the

00:52:38

other, you had to know the design of an

00:52:41

armored car just like you would, and by the way,

00:52:43

know who is where in the tank in order to

00:52:45

inflict fire damage, for example, with a modern featherbed shell

00:52:50

where needed, and

00:52:53

then it was the same the problem on the

00:52:56

other hand is that in interaction with the

00:52:58

infantry they worked very well

00:53:01

at that time, but those same 3-inch

00:53:04

guns were the scourge of armored cars for both

00:53:07

red and white armored cars,

00:53:10

respectively, an example is known that the

00:53:11

Red Army used not only

00:53:13

grass inch jackpot guns against

00:53:15

enemy armored cars but and for example, the

00:53:17

Linder anti-aircraft gun, and by the way, here’s a

00:53:20

very good weapon that left

00:53:23

hay trucks simply during the First

00:53:25

World War and red later, weapons with a

00:53:28

high rate of fire and with high

00:53:30

ballistics and there

00:53:32

was no chance, but the opponents of the

00:53:35

Bolsheviks and below also there were armored cars,

00:53:38

moreover, if we talk about white

00:53:39

armored cars, they were delivered from England from

00:53:42

France under the then lend-lease of the

00:53:45

interventionists, but things were

00:53:47

better for them, they fought worse, well, I think that of

00:53:50

course he initially

00:53:52

got fewer armored cars, and in the future

00:53:54

I agree with outside help,

00:53:57

depending of course the whitest

00:53:59

general for someone Germany England and

00:54:02

France

00:54:03

but in general they were also able to establish

00:54:05

their armor strength quite well,

00:54:08

for example, let’s take not the very early

00:54:10

stage of the civil war, namely the period and

00:54:12

that they are the armed forces of the south of Russia and the so-

00:54:15

called all, let’s take 1 armored

00:54:18

division for example these are armored cars,

00:54:20

by the way, all registered volunteers Kuban

00:54:23

Drozdovsky artilleryman that’s what they

00:54:26

were called mostly volunteer,

00:54:29

of course yes General Alekseev Russia

00:54:32

strong Kornilov glorious hero skin

00:54:35

now prohibited by Russian

00:54:38

legislation but then it’s not

00:54:40

prohibited at all and even alive then you’ll have to

00:54:43

try the hangman’s noose on yourself, let’s say

00:54:47

so but also In general, we can say

00:54:50

that by the end of the nineteenth year, by the fall of

00:54:52

Luxir, there was a fairly impressive base of

00:54:55

armored vehicles,

00:54:58

the crews were sufficiently trained, and in total, as of about December 5,

00:55:01

1919, the entire army and exclusively

00:55:04

at the front had 34 and

00:55:07

eight more armored vehicles were under repair,

00:55:09

by the way, and then there were tanks began

00:55:12

to appear, if we talk about the

00:55:13

twentieth year and already about the collapse, all the

00:55:16

same, the equipment was preserved in them until the

00:55:18

very end of the civil war, that is,

00:55:20

they had the equipment, but they were unable to stop the

00:55:22

advance of the Reds, too, the 1st cavalry army of

00:55:24

Budyonny, so they

00:55:26

ordered the anime not to very

00:55:28

good, given in certain sectors

00:55:30

of the front, they even used it very well, just like the

00:55:32

red car, the same people

00:55:34

fought, and about the same people fought, and it

00:55:37

happened here that the whites went over

00:55:39

to the side of the red armored car, then

00:55:41

someone from the red ran to your

00:55:43

armored car, this is the same kind of war that happened

00:55:45

at that time, these are its features and

00:55:47

by the way, various intelligence networks

00:55:50

worked very hard to ensure that the

00:55:52

crew of the armored car, for example, as a serious

00:55:55

fighting force, ran over to the side of the

00:55:57

enemy, the dory was driving, I can even say in

00:55:59

my mind, but there were armored cars and homemade ones

00:56:03

even in volume the mind window was quite

00:56:05

regular, the only thing that Makhno

00:56:07

failed to do was organize high-

00:56:09

quality maintenance of

00:56:11

armored cars and it was Makhno’s army that

00:56:15

abandoned a lot on the field due to breakdowns,

00:56:18

as an example, I think it’s worth

00:56:20

talking about the Ukrainian

00:56:22

People’s Republic because and the whites

00:56:24

also say especially our dialogical

00:56:26

opponent sprite the armored car Drozdovich,

00:56:29

etc. all this is all this about him and the

00:56:32

pantheon is known, but let’s say the

00:56:34

same Ukraine but you are literally the rabbinical

00:56:37

people’s Ukrainian people’s republic

00:56:38

literally right away just 7 8 armored

00:56:42

automobile divisions by the way, here’s the

00:56:44

Russian army we need to say that then it

00:56:46

was called that it was called literally after

00:56:49

November 7 they immediately declare themselves equal to Ukraine

00:57:05

in

00:57:08

fact, he will immediately understand that a

00:57:11

Ukrainian combined squad appears and

00:57:13

begins to select the most

00:57:16

ready-made armored vehicles that

00:57:19

will be used in the future, but

00:57:21

the only thing I can say is that in Kharkov there was

00:57:23

no luck at the meeting with cars

00:57:25

because the Bolsheviks are under

00:57:27

the command of Sivers, as I already said

00:57:29

very Kharkov quickly burst into Kharkov

00:57:31

in 1918 and the armored cars

00:57:35

did not have any influence on the course of hostilities and, moreover, were

00:57:38

captured. For example, this was just

00:57:41

in December, in my opinion, on December 9, 1917,

00:57:45

even then there were such battles between the

00:57:48

Bolsheviks and supporters of the nr

00:57:51

we were not captured but they found out before how and

00:57:53

page went over to the side of the summit, the

00:57:55

armored cars were captured from the point of view of the

00:57:57

Ukrainian People's Republic, it's just

00:57:59

terminology, these are questions just

00:58:01

terminology, by the way, the battle for Kiev

00:58:04

is also the battle when the Ukrainian

00:58:07

People's Republic

00:58:08

opposed the Bolsheviks, just the same

00:58:10

there they were noted quite strongly

00:58:13

armored cars they took part in

00:58:16

street battles, first of all, the vehicles of the

00:58:18

Barkovsky detachment, the armored car

00:58:22

usually supported with fire the attack of local

00:58:25

supporters of the Ukrainian government and

00:58:28

at some time held back the advance of the

00:58:30

Reds, but we know, for example, that there

00:58:35

were active battles in Kiev in the area of the

00:58:39

Sich Riflemen barracks and there, too,

00:58:41

armored cars were actively used, but this,

00:58:43

by the way, also did not particularly help in

00:58:47

holding Kiev, because on January 17, 17, the

00:58:50

prosperous Reds squeezed out the

00:58:52

Ukrainian People's Republic and the

00:58:54

armed forces from the territory of Kiev they had

00:58:58

already retreated to Volyn, partly they

00:59:01

retained their armored cars, partly no

00:59:04

because some of them broke down and it was

00:59:06

not possible to do this; there was a

00:59:07

rather interesting episode when

00:59:10

they tried to escape from Kiev, which had already been captured by the

00:59:13

Bolsheviks, but this could not be

00:59:15

done because the Bolsheviks, simply

00:59:17

speaking in the literal sense,

00:59:20

decided to put a spoke in the wheels of a huge one, but there

00:59:24

were spokes there look

00:59:26

at what the wheel looked like. The Bolshevik

00:59:29

inserted a metal rod into it and the

00:59:32

Ukrainian soldiers were unable to go anywhere with

00:59:35

this halyard and then they immediately became

00:59:38

not Ukrainian but Bolshevik because

00:59:40

this is the time of the confusion of choosing

00:59:43

who you will fight against

00:59:45

It doesn’t even surprise me at all, then

00:59:49

the Germans, of course, of the

00:59:50

Ukrainian People’s Republic

00:59:52

helped significantly with

00:59:55

various combat units and, in principle,

00:59:57

with their own presence, so

00:59:59

much so that the Ukrainian troops were able to

01:00:03

break into the Crimea with the support of the Germans

01:00:05

because the example of the Chongar bridge,

01:00:08

the famous Chongar isthmus was very

01:00:10

poorly

01:00:11

prepared for defense and maybe, on

01:00:13

the contrary, the Germans will remember that it’s not the Germans, that’s

01:00:16

exactly why

01:00:18

Ukrainian armored cars drove across the Gorsky bridge, they

01:00:20

arrived in communication, encountering no

01:00:21

resistance, right up to Simferopol, and

01:00:23

then the Germans simply told the Ukrainian

01:00:26

People’s Republic that Crimea is not yours,

01:00:29

so you had to leave Crimea is

01:00:31

not Germany, but because Germany

01:00:33

believed that the status of Crimea should be

01:00:35

discussed in a different order and the

01:00:37

Ukrainian people

01:00:38

will not be controlled by the Republic of Crimea, but there is no fighting in it,

01:00:40

but they were the first, even

01:00:43

moreover, they arrived in junky Simferopol and

01:00:46

participated in local skirmishes, but

01:00:48

mostly, by the way, combat the use was

01:00:50

very limited because the enemy did

01:00:52

not put up any

01:00:54

resistance, and by the way,

01:00:56

there is still some pain in the ranks of Ukrainian historians

01:00:58

that Germany at

01:01:00

that time did not allow the

01:01:02

complete occupation of the Crimea to be carried out,

01:01:05

but Germany did not have those Russian units

01:01:08

that were on the territory Crimea

01:01:10

still had its own hope, that

01:01:12

is, Germany still did not go and did not

01:01:15

indulge the momentary interests of the newly

01:01:18

formed states, but we

01:01:20

will talk about this in another program, summing up

01:01:23

after all, let’s talk about

01:01:25

why the armored car nevertheless became a symbol

01:01:27

not only of revolutions the role of Lenin,

01:01:30

who spoke from an armored car, is clear, but also in the

01:01:32

civil war itself, once again let’s

01:01:34

clarify for our viewers the pros and

01:01:37

cons of armored cars, why they played a

01:01:39

special role in this conflict, but

01:01:41

of course this is quite good

01:01:43

security, which made it possible to

01:01:45

hold back the bullet 762 and others,

01:01:48

respectively, again, quite

01:01:50

significant speed, which was

01:01:53

very necessary at that time, this speed just about

01:01:55

not Vika allowed you to quickly

01:01:56

leave or skip an area

01:01:58

that was, for example, under

01:02:00

artillery fire, this

01:02:02

was a clear plus, respectively, and

01:02:05

some other things, despite the

01:02:09

fact that armored cars were

01:02:11

sensitive to map fire sometimes

01:02:13

for example, they were also used

01:02:15

as a gesture of last hope that the artillery

01:02:18

fire and distract the armored car itself will slip through, and

01:02:21

for example, artillery fire will be

01:02:23

concentrated on it, the range of action

01:02:25

by the way is quite high, the difference, as I

01:02:28

already said, from horses, if a horse after

01:02:30

fifty kilometers, especially a

01:02:32

busy one requires rest, if so The

01:02:35

Makhnovists, for example, do not have replacement horses,

01:02:37

which was, for example, the mobility of Makhno

01:02:39

for the time being, for which Makhno, who

01:02:42

left the Reds, these are the replacement horses

01:02:43

that were in various villages,

01:02:46

but when the Reds had a huge

01:02:48

curry that a

01:02:49

large number of armored cars appeared, all this is precisely

01:02:52

the advantage of the Makhnovists associated with

01:02:55

horses dissolved because we

01:02:57

see the armor, as I said, they could travel 250 kilometers a

01:03:00

day easily, the only main thing is

01:03:02

that they don’t fall behind and part of

01:03:04

the supply doesn’t fall behind, besides the fact that they didn’t carry much fuel with

01:03:07

them, that is, this is

01:03:10

also a certain symbol, plus it’s an

01:03:13

armored car this is still a weapon of the working

01:03:15

class, it must be said that an armored car is an

01:03:18

archetypal symbol, a symbol of a new era

01:03:22

at that time of the era of industrial

01:03:24

industrial wars, and an armored car is a

01:03:27

piece of equipment that corresponded to

01:03:29

the conditions of a low-intensity war, but on the

01:03:32

other hand, it was alive at low

01:03:33

intensity, it was a war, highly

01:03:35

mobile, often there are just

01:03:37

modern advances in technology that made it possible

01:03:40

to be such, and if we talk about

01:03:42

the shortcomings, then we also noted that the

01:03:45

cumbersome rear of any unit

01:03:48

and it doesn’t matter which army the Reds

01:03:50

were a little bit better, but on the whole it was about the

01:03:52

same as in the Whites as in the others

01:03:55

opponents as the British, who

01:03:57

by the way also used their armored cars

01:03:59

against the Reds both in the north and in other

01:04:02

sectors of the front, and they also

01:04:04

used bulky tanks in the rear, respectively,

01:04:07

and it was often the poor

01:04:10

technical preparedness that did not

01:04:11

allow the time brevi cam to use

01:04:13

its main advantage is

01:04:15

lightning-fast readiness for battle against

01:04:18

the enemy, that is, the armored car was not

01:04:21

sufficiently equipped, it was

01:04:23

under repair, but each of the parties, in

01:04:26

general, was solving their own problems, and again,

01:04:30

another drawback of armored cars

01:04:32

was gradually depleting the

01:04:35

number of foreign

01:04:36

spare parts, it was necessary to make

01:04:39

your own armored cars, by the way, I

01:04:41

’ll say quite interesting An interesting

01:04:44

fact is that as of the end of 1917,

01:04:47

or more precisely even as

01:04:50

of November of the seventeenth year before the

01:04:52

revolution, the entire domestic

01:04:54

production of armored cars and

01:04:56

cars is only 2

01:04:59

percent of the total in

01:05:01

Russia, that is, in the

01:05:03

future, much later already in the USSR

01:05:06

will begin to produce their

01:05:08

own equipment completely, corresponded and I

01:05:11

must say again to note the difficult

01:05:14

working conditions of the crew, as I already

01:05:16

said, up to 70 degrees Celsius inside the

01:05:20

fighting compartment and the possibility of a banal

01:05:23

heat stroke. By the way, I should note,

01:05:26

remembering one of our videos, that the crews of

01:05:28

armored cars also suffered from epidemics, but

01:05:31

the only thing the fact that they had a

01:05:33

lot of oil allowed them to

01:05:37

cope better with lice, for example, in all

01:05:39

warring armies, because they

01:05:41

treated their clothes with oil

01:05:44

and went, for example, they got along a little

01:05:46

less than others, sometimes

01:05:48

by the way, the Red Army soldiers, and the white ones also

01:05:51

visited such units to steal

01:05:54

magic kerosene, for example, or another

01:05:57

technical liquid,

01:05:58

well, thank you, it was very interesting,

01:06:02

as they say, we will be waiting for you again

01:06:04

in the studio and the project on the history of the civil

01:06:07

war continues, we have not yet

01:06:10

illuminated all the symbols, far from

01:06:13

all the personalities of the civil war, there is

01:06:15

still a lot that is not illuminated and very

01:06:19

interesting things please stay with

01:06:21

us there are a

01:06:22

lot of interesting things ahead

01:06:27

[music]

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