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Russian
00:00:00
[music]00:00:10
Hello, dear friends, today we are having00:00:15
a conversation dedicated to the anniversary of the00:00:18
Khmelnitsky uprising, the free struggle itself is00:00:21
what the Ukrainian people call it,00:00:25
now in the spring we have the anniversary of the00:00:29
375th anniversary of this event, and so we decided to00:00:34
talk about it because it is obvious that00:00:36
not only the Anniversary events are becoming00:00:39
terribly relevant because again the same00:00:42
characters00:00:44
almost to almost and in general the same00:00:50
generally tragic and00:00:53
dramatic situation is developing as it00:00:55
was then and the same and confused we have00:00:59
simply Zinovy Bogdan Mikhailovich00:01:02
Khmelnitsky, if you quote him, he00:01:06
said that it is my will to snatch the00:01:10
Russian people from Spanish captivity, he is like even the00:01:13
Ukrainian people would never have said00:01:16
he had the word Ukraine but he did not00:01:18
say such a term as Ukrainian in00:01:23
documents and records related to00:01:25
Khmelnytsky somehow it has not reached us. Although00:01:28
maybe now it will be restored, this is a00:01:31
constant topic now Yes, that is00:01:35
What does it mean that now the basis for the00:01:38
falsification of history in Ukraine is00:01:41
Grushevsky’s scheme; these are two Russian peoples,00:01:44
and one is here in00:01:47
Moscow. He comes from Turan. God knows what kind of00:01:53
non-Russians there are.00:01:59
to what he wrote and what00:02:01
came through. Although I think that now they will find something00:02:03
else, but he wrote that00:02:07
on the contrary, that it was one people who simply wrote00:02:11
about it, that unity should be written00:02:14
not during the time of the Pereyaslav Rada, but in00:02:17
1648-49 dollars 50 from 50, by the way,00:02:22
another point is very important. So there00:02:25
were negotiations,00:02:28
it’s called Khmelnitsky’s tilt00:02:32
towards the Union with the Ottoman Empire, a00:02:36
brilliant port now, by the way,00:02:38
Grushevsky also has to give this very well.00:02:42
What I must say is that there was a00:02:44
very difficult position of the00:02:46
Patriarch of Constantinople, he was00:02:48
Greek, of course at that time00:02:50
there was Parfeniy the second00:02:54
and now Parfeniy the second, through his, he was00:02:57
talking with there were plans, talking with the00:03:00
Cossack embassy, the00:03:03
Khmelnitsky embassy and00:03:06
the plans were such that the Crimean Khan should00:03:09
go to Moscow, the00:03:10
Cossacks should be with him on the campaign00:03:13
to Moscow And he said who would do that00:03:17
Imagine what would have happened if the00:03:23
Cossack embassy had been the current00:03:26
Ukrainians. Of course, they would have handed over the00:03:29
patriarch too. Well, at least00:03:31
the fate of his patriarch is over, whoever00:03:35
does this will be cursed by me and likened to00:03:40
Cain, who killed his brother Abel. But00:03:46
these were the views then, this00:03:49
documents that have reached us But in general it00:03:52
must be said that religion then played a00:03:54
completely different role than what now, of course,00:03:57
has reached us by the way. Sorry, I interrupt all the time,00:04:00
this is a very painful topic00:04:02
for me personally. The topic is because it is for me,00:04:05
but for my maternal family, this is all in00:04:08
general - then it’s very close,00:04:10
so there’s a huge amount of00:04:13
documents left related to the other side,00:04:16
there were several sides to the conflict, if00:04:19
we say religious was Catholic,00:04:21
which supports you know, the papal00:04:24
nuncio remained his remains his00:04:27
correspondence messages about how it began,00:04:30
how he wrote the great revolt00:04:33
of heretics00:04:34
and before that he spoke about the fact that it00:04:36
would be good from Rome because in Little Russia there are00:04:40
heretics,00:04:41
they respect the Greeks very much because the00:04:45
Greeks did not concede in Uni Yes, it is not inferior,00:04:49
but there was a formal introduction, but they are00:04:51
firm in the Faith, it would be good to send from Rome00:04:54
some kind of comrade who00:04:56
speaks Greek well and here it00:05:00
means00:05:01
addressing these heretics, by the way, he00:05:05
often also does not use the papal00:05:07
nons also do not use the term00:05:09
Ukrainian00:05:11
heretics Russian00:05:16
so that he addresses himself as a Greek for the purpose of so that00:05:20
as a Greek he, relatively00:05:24
speaking in modern language,00:05:25
would discredit00:05:28
the Patriarch of Constantinople, it’s clear why that is, it00:05:32
was of very great importance. And of00:05:34
course, what he says was absolutely impossible00:05:38
and is impossible now, but the special role of00:05:42
Jews in Ukraine in this whole matter,00:05:45
that is, then, too, in general, Jews00:05:48
played a very important role in the robbery00:05:51
of Little Russia in Ukraine in the fact that in in the00:05:54
end it happened but Sorry Let's go in00:05:57
order00:05:59
In general, the story is Khmelnitsky's, there are00:06:03
kidnappings of his wife, there are courts in general,00:06:06
well, not only with the kidnapping, there00:06:10
was a dispute about the Saturday farm from the very beginning,00:06:12
and he was already a very large00:06:16
figure. Well, he was not just ordinary00:06:18
some kind of Roman Sotnik, yes, this is a00:06:20
serious figure in general,00:06:23
but here the point is not even in Khmelnytsky, it’s00:06:27
not even in Khmelnytsky, in order to00:06:28
talk about what the Poles called their00:06:33
Khmelnytsky supporters, one must first00:06:35
show the00:06:37
historical context of any historical00:06:40
fact, major events, especially as00:06:43
large-scale as00:06:45
liberation war00:06:48
and Bogdan00:06:51
Mikhailovich Khmelnitsky00:06:53
was called that in full Well, it’s accepted Bogdan Minsk, let’s00:06:55
leave it00:06:58
he needs to be assessed in a certain00:07:00
context. The fact is that during this00:07:04
period in general in Europe,00:07:07
let’s say this is the period00:07:10
of counter-reformation unfolding00:07:12
counter-reformation than at the end of 17 at the end of00:07:17
16 at the beginning of 17 century, everything seemed more or00:07:22
Well, stable in the00:07:26
then newly formed state of the00:07:29
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth or the republic as it is00:07:32
translated, burn the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, that is,00:07:36
it was formed as a result of00:07:39
the fact that during the Livonian War in the first00:07:42
stage of the Livonian War, the Grand Duchy of00:07:44
Lithuania and the Russian was defeated, it00:07:47
was unable to withstand00:07:50
military competition with the Moscow00:07:52
state and then there was a00:07:55
unification, so Ivan the Terrible who00:07:57
fought, you know there was a feeling that00:08:01
something similar was happening but the00:08:04
epic cycle when00:08:07
some kind of Evil Spirit came and00:08:10
Bogatyr cut it into two00:08:13
new enemies, the same ones were defeated by the00:08:17
Livonians the order came from far away Sweden00:08:21
defeated Lithuania a coalition was formed from00:08:25
Lithuania and Poland00:08:27
and Turkey also joined and so on and so00:08:30
forth super00:08:32
tension we have very little00:08:35
By the way we have documents from the 16th century00:08:39
16th century some gigantic events and at the00:08:43
end of the 16th century at the final stage of the00:08:47
Japanese war, as is known, the king of the00:08:50
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the republic00:08:53
headed by the king he was elected00:08:56
became Stefan Batory Batory was a Warrior00:09:01
istvambatori on the Transylvanian prince, he00:09:06
generally enjoyed great00:09:09
popularity among the Cossacks, they fought00:09:11
actively for him and so on, but after00:09:14
Batory00:09:18
Segismund was elected king third region king jegemon00:09:25
in minutes third vase that is,00:09:27
initially there was an idea like this Sweden00:09:30
Poland with the help of Turkey00:09:32
defeated the Crimean Khanate the Moscow state00:09:36
drove it away from the lands of the Baltic States But00:09:41
among themselves they did not share much there and00:09:45
in order for this not to happen the00:09:46
idea arose Sigismund 3 was the son Polish00:09:51
princess00:09:53
and Golomka,00:09:55
and he was Katarina. That is, he00:10:01
belonged to the interrupted00:10:05
legitimate Polish dynasty. The last was the00:10:09
representative of Sigismund on August 2.00:10:12
Well, in general, in such a background,00:10:15
he00:10:17
was really quite attractive to the00:10:20
Poles because, among other things, he was00:10:23
raised by his mother and his mother raised him00:10:26
entrusted the Jesuits with the mother of the Poles with such a00:10:30
convinced ardent Catholic, and Sweden for00:10:34
a second was already Protestant and there was00:10:37
an idea that this is our region Just like a Pole,00:10:42
it will come to our benefit00:10:45
all these territorial disputes for us If00:10:49
only in the place of the former Lebanese order it was00:10:51
resolved00:10:52
and the king of Sweden was really elected king00:10:55
and the king of Poland Yes, and so00:10:58
on, and he left and left to rule Warsaw.00:11:03
Warsaw was much richer than Sweden00:11:06
then,00:11:09
that is, than Stockholm. Well, Poland was00:11:12
God's commonwealth, it was richer than the00:11:15
Swedish kingdom. It was assumed that00:11:18
the heir to the king of Sweden would be his00:11:21
son,00:11:23
whom he called by the way by00:11:25
the Slavic name Vladislav but the fact is00:11:29
that as soon as he began00:11:33
to rule in Poland, there is such a very00:11:36
funny there is such a very funny00:11:39
expression that describes Polish00:11:42
politics, but until the 16th-18th century, until the beginning of the 17th century,00:11:45
Polish tolerance in general. This is of course a00:11:47
very funny defeat because00:11:49
Polish and tolerance. By the00:11:56
way, it is tolerance sounds Polish00:11:58
But this is very funny In00:12:03
my opinion, an oxymoron yes00:12:09
a person who00:12:10
has at least some idea about Polish culture00:12:13
about Polish traditions00:12:14
becomes impossible It’s not funny00:12:18
to tell the key word ambition00:12:20
yes So he began an active struggle with00:12:25
what he it seemed like a deviation from the00:12:28
true Faith, that is, Protestantism from00:12:31
Orthodoxy00:12:33
began the persecution of these religions,00:12:35
in fact,00:12:37
this policy should have affected00:12:40
Sweden, Sweden, it must be said, they also00:12:44
persecuted Catholics very harshly00:12:46
there, too, and they were killed and burned, boiled00:12:50
alive in cauldrons, there is some kind of horror of some kind of00:12:54
local Catholic00:12:57
prilates had their heads chopped off Heads were boiled00:13:00
heads in cauldrons these were boiled heads in00:13:05
cauldrons You can imagine it all very well00:13:09
at the history department of the00:13:14
university00:13:17
Lord near00:13:19
Stockholm The university town00:13:21
the former capital of Sweden flew out of the head00:13:26
Bubsali Yes, I was there a00:13:29
wonderful nastfake a wonderful00:13:31
collection Well, not at all where students00:13:34
go And in the meeting room there are paintings from the00:13:38
end of the 16th century, yes. Just the one that00:13:42
shows all this very very00:13:45
convincingly. What they were proud of in the fight00:13:48
for the real Faith. Yes, the Catholics did the00:13:51
same thing, as you understand,00:13:52
the Counter-Reformation, he thought that it00:13:54
would be nice to do the same thing in Sweden00:13:57
As a result, he lost the Swedish throne; the00:13:59
throne was seized by00:14:02
his brother, Vladislav's uncle, Gustav of00:14:09
Venice. But Vladislav and Sigismund did not do00:14:14
very well when the Kings were Catholics in a00:14:16
Protestant country and a00:14:19
huge dynastic conflict began between the00:14:22
Swedish and Polish vases,00:14:27
and well, in general, this helped a lot00:14:33
during the time of troubles in00:14:36
Russia to withstand because yes yes but it was a00:14:41
flow it was a flow more it’s such a00:14:43
Polish turmoil Well, Sigismond imposed a00:14:47
whole series of restrictions and so on it must be00:14:49
said that his son and heir he00:14:52
was married twice the main senior chief00:14:56
Heir I’ll explain why00:14:58
Vladislav 400:15:00
he during the time of his reign and passed00:15:04
about 1000:15:06
10 it was called the Constitution, which00:15:10
restored equality between00:15:14
representatives of different religions, so you need to00:15:18
understand what this means in relation to00:15:21
these royal Constitutions00:15:23
in relation to the realities of the 17th century in the00:15:27
Polish state, that they concerned00:15:28
only the nobility, only the nobility And00:15:32
no one else,00:15:34
but in practice they00:15:37
concerned only those who were00:15:39
able to defend these rights speak because00:15:42
any Catholic could have a neighbor in the yard, no, it00:15:45
was called a hit-and-run Yes, and00:15:48
do anything else, one more thing is that00:15:51
now I have already spoken00:15:54
our language many times, something that00:15:57
many of our officials are now unable to understand, then that00:16:02
even at this00:16:04
time the education of the Counter-Reformation00:16:07
Jesuit, the Jesuit Order, was of great importance. He created, in00:16:11
contrast to Protestantism, which began00:16:13
to develop translations, national languages of00:16:16
the Bible, universities began to be created in order to00:16:19
prepare00:16:21
pastors who could read and interpret the00:16:24
sacred scriptures, and so on, in00:16:26
contrast to this, it began to develop00:16:27
completely another system of Catholic00:16:30
education, modern at that time,00:16:33
studied physics, chemistry, and so on, by the way, he00:16:36
was a big fan of chemistry. Well, that is,00:16:40
alchemy. That is, this is the search for gold, as well as00:16:44
lead, to make gold, how to make the00:16:45
elixir of life, and so on, as a believing00:16:49
Catholic, these studies Well, in fact,00:16:51
he is completely witchcraft didn’t interfere00:16:54
Well, before Sigismund the Third,00:16:57
Little Russia It actually was Well, in00:17:00
conditional quotes, the control of the great00:17:03
princes, that is, they were there00:17:06
later. By the way, Sigismund, that is,00:17:09
Khmelnitsky said that our Earth was00:17:13
seized by either forces or badges by deception, that is, there00:17:17
were huge autonomous rights of00:17:21
local princes and so on And even earlier,00:17:25
these Cossacks were formed.00:17:27
Well, Kostomarov believes that there are two00:17:32
explanations for this term, one is completely00:17:35
obvious Turkic and the other is that it is a00:17:38
Goat Hunter, that is, there00:17:40
originally.00:17:42
Yes, such a word was even00:17:44
recorded00:17:46
in the 16th century at the beginning of the 17th century00:17:50
zaryuga Yes, the Little Russian dialect is00:17:53
the Hunter for these wild animals,00:17:57
since these00:18:00
territories, previously inhabited, were abandoned as a result of the00:18:02
Mongol-Tatar Invasion of the Crimean00:18:05
danger, and00:18:07
this Wild field was formed where there00:18:10
were not a pair of every creature, but a lot of pairs, but00:18:12
due to this it was possible00:18:14
it was relatively easy to live here. But00:18:18
as soon as a single state was formed, the00:18:21
pressure of pressure gradually began, and the00:18:26
local feudal Orthodox elite,00:18:29
which was the only one who could protect00:18:31
the interests, began to receive an education00:18:34
in Jesuit colleges, it began to00:18:37
slowly00:18:38
Latinize, catalyze,00:18:40
catalyze, that is, dissolve, and00:18:44
then at the same time a union was introduced and it is00:18:48
actively inculcated one more point Well,00:18:52
what does that person have to live in some uh00:18:55
it’s called in Polish it’s called00:18:58
thoughts that is00:19:01
Zapoppinsky Vyselki speak our00:19:05
language00:19:06
in a relatively literary way When you can00:19:08
live in the capital Warsaw where there is cultural00:19:12
life where there are political intrigues And in general00:19:15
His Majesty is nearby and so on. For this00:19:19
you need money and to live someone must00:19:21
manage the estates of00:19:23
Poland at this time. At the same time, it00:19:26
should be noted that two moments00:19:29
at this time the Polish nobility00:19:31
finally formed the concept of00:19:36
Sarmatism, that is, the Polish nobles they00:19:39
come from the same people, the Sarmatians and the00:19:43
Klops cattle,00:19:46
slaves, that is, the Polish peasantry, it00:19:50
comes from the Scythians.00:19:52
That is, these are generally cattle, and at the same time00:19:55
there are those people who are not with cats;00:19:58
these are the00:19:59
Orthodox Christians there in Little Russia00:20:03
in Ukraine,00:20:05
and00:20:07
those who were catalyzed, those who became00:20:09
Poles, left and often00:20:13
gave up in the management of their estates to those00:20:18
people who were businesslike and so very00:20:23
intelligent, they were Jews, it was a00:20:26
mass character, this one in00:20:29
Ukrainian is a token, that is, Jews, a00:20:33
tenant, he became in general in many00:20:35
songs, became popular, became simply a00:20:37
symbol of evil, among other things, you know,00:20:41
a person who belongs to Judaism00:20:44
were given to the management Rights to manage,00:20:47
including the church They could,00:20:49
for example, baptismal rites drain for00:20:54
marriage Yes, you needed a special tax,00:20:58
you paid the landowner, he was called dudek, the00:21:02
one who rented it, he immediately00:21:05
gave the money, we’ll take care of it, and everything00:21:07
else he received was also00:21:09
compensated and get the taxes at a profit00:21:12
Well, they were simply monstrous, plus00:21:16
tenant oppression,00:21:19
one of his contemporaries said that he laughs00:21:22
because it is very easy to do00:21:24
because if you belong to one people,00:21:27
but all these are not even your people, these are00:21:30
completely different people, and this not people at all,00:21:34
as a matter of fact, the concept of oppression, it00:21:37
disappears altogether Nobody regrets it’s00:21:40
harder now only the defenders of the00:21:42
unfortunate pigs there who are slaughtered, eaten by00:21:45
chickens, etc. people,00:21:49
taxes played about the same role Well, let’s say00:21:52
even if a person had a beehive there had to00:21:55
pay a tax on it chicken and00:21:57
so on, etc., and here00:22:00
the tenant added his own interest and00:22:03
one of his contemporaries said that the00:22:06
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth00:22:08
is a country in which00:22:11
Christianity lives in constant torment.00:22:15
Purgatory among Catholics. This is the00:22:17
concept of Purgatory,00:22:19
torment before a person goes to00:22:21
heaven if he will earn from here the00:22:24
trade of indulgences with them and so on That00:22:26
is, quickly expedited passage paid00:22:29
the money and you were expedited through the stylistics there00:22:32
did00:22:35
not pay got in Well, this is the00:22:37
religion, such are the things Yes, everything is according to the plan00:22:41
Well, according to the price list, it’s more likely00:22:44
called and renters, this is the day that the00:22:48
puppies these were kept like this, in addition,00:22:51
they also gave money in interest because the00:22:53
peasants were not allowed, with the help of the authorities, they00:22:57
forced out Orthodox elements from the00:22:59
city,00:23:00
Orthodox who were not people,00:23:02
communicated to enroll in the00:23:04
craft workshops. That is, it was a00:23:07
systemic religious oppression and class00:23:10
oppression that became worse and worse and00:23:13
worse than 4 or even the fifth grade there is no You are00:23:17
wrong people of the fourth or fifth grade00:23:19
are Polish peasants and these are not people at all00:23:22
you understand the difference these are not people00:23:25
at all00:23:27
just not people00:23:29
this is something humanoid it00:23:32
can acquire this or that00:23:34
humanlikeness to become human00:23:36
fourth or fifth,00:23:39
as it were, of this class, if it accepts00:23:44
Unianism or then Catholicism, then it00:23:47
can become a fifth-class person, but00:23:50
for now you are not a person, so00:23:53
nothing protects you, so they found,00:23:56
perhaps there were such things when there was00:23:58
an attack on Orthodox monasteries for00:24:00
men and women with beatings,00:24:03
murders, and so on, nothing00:24:05
protects you, and at the same time, there are00:24:08
now Polish historians and Ukrainian00:24:11
historians who write, please,00:24:13
these 10 constitutions and each one00:24:16
says the right, uh, of this very thing, and00:24:19
it is clear that under Stefania there00:24:22
was no in Ukraine00:24:27
but they were sworn to Vladislav the fourth00:24:30
every 3-4 years, and Vladislav 4 was00:24:33
still popular among the00:24:36
Cossacks,00:24:37
but it wasn’t all that simple there either,00:24:39
let’s say under Peter Tonashevich00:24:42
hetman of Sagaidach, for example, he was quite00:24:46
strong and he defended the Orthodox00:24:49
Church and here, in general not much, but00:24:51
after it there was a constant pressure of00:24:54
pressure, a decrease in pressure, there was a00:24:56
constant division of this00:24:58
Cossacks, people fled there, that is, this00:25:02
situation was one to one DSLR00:25:04
like in the Moscow state with the Don.00:25:08
That is, this state was at first a00:25:10
state within a state And gradually00:25:13
Warsaw sought to put this under00:25:15
control, Vladislav the fourth generally00:25:18
felt very strong restrictions00:25:21
on the part of the Panovs, even at some point00:25:25
he hoped, with the help of the Cossacks, to00:25:29
act against magnates and it came to the00:25:33
point that the people, as we know in general,00:25:37
always love us, not only here and in00:25:41
Poland and in Germany, by the way, in England there is a00:25:44
good king and bad feudal lords. Yes,00:25:49
under Vladislav 4 there were even00:25:52
rumors that he was going to come to00:25:55
Kiev to settle in the Kiev Lavra. Why00:25:58
Because a holy place and accept the00:26:01
peasant Faith. Why because he is a00:26:05
good king he thinks that those who, in00:26:08
general, are his good, kind,00:26:11
loyal subjects And there are more of them than00:26:14
Lyakhov magnates than Panov Yes, he00:26:18
will accept the real Christian Faith, you need to00:26:20
understand that the speech is a commonwealth It is, in00:26:22
general, Yes, the lands of the Polish kingdom00:26:25
and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and00:26:27
Russia so, in general,00:26:30
three-quarters of it is not Catholic and not00:26:34
Polish speaking,00:26:38
but Golitsy at that time and Chervonnaya Rus and00:26:42
then it was completely different at that time,00:26:45
but it was still completely different at the00:26:48
end of the 19th century00:26:50
to the question and now Vladislav 4, under00:26:54
Vladislav 4, there were several uprisings, but the00:26:57
biggest one was the Uprising, then00:26:59
they were all suppressed, and it’s interesting that the00:27:03
Cossacks believed in a good king until the last,00:27:07
but in the end, remember everything like the00:27:12
hashish00:27:15
passage of the good soldier Schweik, everything00:27:18
beautiful sooner or later comes to00:27:19
an end, and that’s it the largest and most00:27:24
fateful event for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and for the00:27:28
VAZ dynasty in this state, the00:27:32
uprising began in the last year of the00:27:35
reign of Vladislav IV, it was precisely connected00:27:38
with00:27:40
the name of Khmelnitsky, but again00:27:44
Khmelnitsky, on the one hand, he is a nobleman,00:27:47
he enjoys all the rights of these 1000:27:51
Constitutions00:27:52
But they are these rights and foundations, I say, they are00:27:56
not guaranteed by anything except force, there was00:27:59
a neighbor who laid claim to the00:28:02
Saturday farm, which was owned by Chaplinsky Yes,00:28:05
Chaplinsky, who owned00:28:10
Khmelnytsky Yes, we need a Chiplet garage, that00:28:14
this farm is not hereditary but00:28:17
state property, but he also00:28:20
complained to the hetman, the end of the Polish,00:28:22
the Polish said that this a very difficult00:28:24
question, but in any case, Khmelnitsky00:28:26
still owns it by inheritance. His father,00:28:30
Mikhail Khmelnitsky, owned it and passed on the00:28:32
inheritance to him, and that the Khmelnitsky00:28:36
family cannot be taken away because they00:28:39
invested a lot of money, they need a fair00:28:41
verdict.00:28:43
Well, the fair verdict was00:28:46
what00:28:48
Chaplinsky told yours I'll be00:28:51
much more useful than this00:28:53
Cossack who you can't rely on. The00:28:56
Polish one didn't decide anything. Khmelnitsky00:28:59
moved away from his farmstead. It's important to00:29:01
understand that this is not just one building. It was00:29:03
so big. Well, let's say this. Well, in00:29:07
any case, the average for a fief00:29:10
request. Well, well, in general - in00:29:14
general, yes, he moved away by this time,00:29:16
he was married for the second time, like many there, he00:29:18
was married to a Polish woman, his first marriage was00:29:20
Russian. Yes, and his wife died, left00:29:26
him with00:29:29
three sons00:29:30
and the youngest was 10 years old. Well, Dad left00:29:34
on business. That's the time Chaplinsky what00:29:37
was in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth but in general a00:29:41
common occurrence raided a farm,00:29:44
robbed him, took away his wife, the second was this00:29:48
Pole And the youngest son, who was 1000:29:51
years old, the boy was at home and he didn’t like something00:29:56
Chaplinsky00:29:57
punish him Yes, so that he’s fine It00:30:00
was him too They00:30:03
started flogging him with people pour on the00:30:07
nuts there you understand what it is the00:30:09
next day The boy died00:30:12
within the framework of the Tolerans00:30:16
According to the Constitution of all ten00:30:19
he is the00:30:21
son of a nobleman00:30:25
That is, he has all these 1000:30:27
Constitutions that protect him, life will give and can you00:30:31
imagine that it doesn’t concern people,00:30:36
it’s still, in general, a person who00:30:39
exists for Polish law, everyone00:30:42
else seems to be there.00:30:44
Well, by the way, he took this to the question of00:30:48
law, and so on, and the position of the church, this00:30:52
Polish woman was his wife but a brother with an00:30:56
Orthodox Christian in general- then00:30:58
this Chaplinsky didn’t admit it later, he, simply put,00:31:02
got married to the wife of a00:31:04
living person of the Catholic Church in00:31:10
which, in general, everyone knew that there was a husband, but00:31:13
from the point of view of the Catholic Church, it’s00:31:15
not the Orthodox Church in general, take it00:31:17
invalid00:31:19
Yes, no problems at all, and that’s all00:31:24
this taken together was obviously the00:31:26
last straw in the cup of patience of00:31:29
Khmelnitsky, who before that, well,00:31:31
tried to be00:31:33
relatively Well, how relatively he fought in the00:31:36
Polish army and so on, but he was a00:31:38
loyal subject, but a complaint filing00:31:44
a complaint does not give anything,00:31:47
the prospect of a complaint and a court decision00:31:50
But it’s the same as now00:31:54
what some simple person from near00:31:57
Vladimir or Suzdal will file a complaint against the00:32:00
son of some oligarch who00:32:02
hit his daughter with a car, how will it00:32:05
end? Yes, nothing,00:32:08
I suspect so.00:32:14
Well, the only form of protest00:32:18
turned out to be the Uprising, that is, father00:32:22
Bogdan Khmelnitsky, strictly speaking,00:32:25
had nothing at this moment it was not important It was00:32:29
smartly important to pay off00:32:32
That is, he was in a state of such, well,00:32:35
let’s say, an affect that00:32:37
lasted a long time and he was fleeing the Zaporozhye Sich,00:32:41
which by this time had already00:32:43
rebelled several times and the Zaporozhye network, as we00:32:46
said, is something that was formed under00:32:50
Sigismund on August 2 like, well, it’s the00:32:53
same as the Don Cossacks, this is a00:32:56
border formation that, in00:32:59
general, is for the state, but it’s also like a00:33:05
suitcase without a handle, and it’s a pity to touch, throw, it’s00:33:08
hard to carry, and there’s00:33:11
no strength to liquidate either, on the one hand, they were00:33:14
border guards And they fought and defended against00:33:17
Tatar raids and on the other hand, they themselves00:33:20
created problems, well, it was impossible to deal with there00:33:23
was no strength. The only thing that was00:33:26
enough to build opposite the Zaporozhye00:33:29
Sich as a support was the Khodak00:33:32
Kodek fortress, he00:33:36
built it with the money of, by the way, an Orthodox00:33:39
magnate, here the relations of large00:33:43
landowners on the feudal00:33:46
issue coincided with the Poles of00:33:48
Vishnevensky, by the way, Khmelnytsky very00:33:51
when the hetman asked him the end of the00:33:53
Polish he was still00:33:55
loyal What did he think about the fortress he00:33:59
said everything that00:34:00
was built by human hands by00:34:02
human hands can be destroyed00:34:04
What happened00:34:07
results yes But in short,00:34:11
Khmelnytsky was the very match00:34:13
that fell into this seething00:34:18
cauldron and cauldron became more and more00:34:20
because the fugitives came,00:34:25
just like at home, so I come back again, I00:34:28
constantly say the same as on the Don, just00:34:31
like then on the Ural River, just like on00:34:35
TV, the Cossacks, what happened next00:34:38
began as the Cossack Uprising It’s the00:34:43
same thing how the Cossack Uprising00:34:45
began with the uprising of Stepan Razin and00:34:48
grew into a peasant war. If00:34:51
we look at this, all the signs of a00:34:52
peasant war begin on the outskirts;00:34:56
it begins as a performance00:34:59
organized by armed00:35:01
professional forces that are socially00:35:04
connected directly with00:35:07
the least protected, simply unprotected00:35:10
class of classes then there was no00:35:14
State of the peasantry and immediately00:35:17
after the first successes it grows00:35:20
grows grows turns into a00:35:22
peasant war only peasant00:35:26
wars00:35:28
with support from the Cossack00:35:31
outskirts In Russia they were defeated00:35:33
Well, here, in the end, this war00:35:37
would have been defeated But this is a successful00:35:39
peasant war Only thanks to this00:35:43
success Only thanks to the00:35:45
intervention of a foreign power thanks to00:35:48
geopolitical situations00:35:53
foreign policy forces initially00:35:56
Khmelnitsky, who was able between the00:35:59
original concluded an agreement00:36:01
with several Well, let's say, muses,00:36:05
tributaries, semi-independent tributaries of the00:36:09
Crimean Khan, then concluded an agreement with the Gireys,00:36:12
but ultimately, in the forty-00:36:15
eighth forty-ninth year, he immediately00:36:17
turned to Moscow for help and in 48-4900:36:21
year, he said my task is to tear out the00:36:24
Russian people and00:36:26
unite, he was already producing the word by unification, yes,00:36:31
with the Russian people00:36:33
under00:36:35
the hand of the Tsar of Moscow, that is,00:36:38
here the program was absolutely00:36:41
obvious, but there were also nuances in this program.00:36:44
Of course, because you need to understand00:36:47
that the00:36:49
Cossack elite00:36:52
it was in general, by this time,00:36:55
largely due to the darkest influence of the noble00:36:58
psychology. They wanted their own00:37:00
rights,00:37:02
not all Cossacks, but the Cossack elite, as00:37:05
a result, Catherine was to blame,00:37:07
as a result, it arose. It was their00:37:10
Wishlist that was her fault. No, well, the Wishlist00:37:13
continued for a long time, yes. Well, let’s say00:37:15
one of the things they wanted was that every00:37:18
agreement with Warsaw is there. Conclusion, I00:37:21
quote the conclusion of the Jews. Yes, first there were three00:37:25
voivodeships, Braslav, Kiev,00:37:27
Chernigov, conclusion, and initially there were00:37:30
Jews from all over Ukraine, yes, that is, here00:37:33
you go, there was also a wish list. And this00:37:37
wish was repeated after Khmelnitsky00:37:39
When the gondo rises, the00:37:43
Jews hung Poles and a dog on the trees and the inscription00:37:46
was the residents of the dog Vera However,00:37:50
yes, that is, why hang a dog in general is00:37:53
also incomprehensible, categorically against Well,00:37:56
I’m not against it, I’m not in favor of everyone00:37:58
else there But dogs in general are00:38:02
not guilty of anything, in general, you understand that00:38:04
Clearly, what was happening, but there was a00:38:08
colossal conflict, a conflict between00:38:10
the city and the trees, a conflict between00:38:13
different faiths, a conflict between00:38:15
Cossacks, you know, there is a registry, and00:38:19
between the registries, the Cossacks are those who were00:38:21
on complaints and such Cossacks between00:38:24
Cossacks,00:38:25
registries such and the Cossack elite, that00:38:28
is, there was a mass, there was a mass of00:38:31
internal conflicts and they all00:38:34
eventually manifested themselves especially after the00:38:37
death of Bogdan Khmelnitsky with his00:38:41
assistants Vanya Vazovsky, but not only00:38:45
initially there were Yuri Khmelnitsky, there was00:38:48
his son,00:38:49
one son, which means they pinned him to death00:38:52
then Timofey who died they this one00:38:55
is dying just a lot to save00:38:58
the situation then Yuri, who was without00:39:02
a war before it is necessary Well, there were a lot of00:39:05
problems there, but we are not talking about that now,00:39:08
we are talking about how it all started 37500:39:12
years ago insert, look at this00:39:14
hetman who rebelled against00:39:16
Russia Ivan, this Pole,00:39:18
yes He00:39:20
proposed00:39:22
to the Poles Well, such a treaty article is suitable,00:39:26
so to speak, where he would propose to00:39:28
restore it in an amicable way, here you have00:39:30
Polish Lithuanian Russian and here we are all00:39:34
uniting a single state of the Federation,00:39:36
they categorically they killed it all,00:39:39
well, let’s sign Well, this is all Put it away In the00:39:42
end, I want to say that there00:39:49
was no one nearby, no, they shot me anyway,00:39:52
and that’s the whole point of it.00:39:57
This is now,00:39:59
when now in Ukraine, these00:40:02
pseudo-historians say that there was00:40:05
always Russia, it was always real Russia. Well, he00:40:08
suggested, he even suggested a Pole they00:40:11
said Go through the forest That’s all it’s about00:40:15
What kind of Western Russia is opposing00:40:18
Turan Which00:40:20
especially with the help of Crimean and00:40:24
also the Battle of Kanatov is a shame,00:40:29
look what’s interesting00:40:32
in Ukraine now is an official00:40:34
public holiday there is a fund that00:40:36
pays huge Grants for writing00:40:39
books of articles and so on further And what actually00:40:42
happened was simply a betrayal00:40:44
from the point of view of the Orthodox faith of the captured00:40:48
Russians, these governors, the boyars,00:40:52
were cut down, slaughtered in front of their00:40:55
coreligionists, and they consider this a holiday, a00:40:58
triumph, which is a triumph, the00:41:01
betrayal of treason, insanity, but immediately00:41:06
for this they then had to pay by the fact00:41:08
that these are the same the Poles themselves began00:41:11
to return then, well, in the end, in00:41:14
general, those people who commanded00:41:16
the betrayal, they all ended badly,00:41:18
and Gogolsky was shot by the Poles themselves,00:41:21
yes, Bogun also ended badly, in general,00:41:24
everything, well, that00:41:25
is, well, in general, Well, they were there00:41:29
Of course other people,00:41:31
cabbage, for example, the tragedy of Ukraine - this is00:41:33
her Elite. Here she is constantly stirring things up, she is00:41:38
constantly and the people never, well, no,00:41:41
once was able, let’s say, bring in the00:41:44
iron ore, tried but they didn’t let him, yes And to00:41:47
say his word, the People, and here00:41:51
we will see traitors, yes From the outside, here of this00:41:54
elite of the Cossacks,00:41:57
again I want to say that this is what the people00:41:59
had a feeling that Understand00:42:02
By this time, when it all00:42:05
started in 1948, there was such hatred that00:42:08
when, after the defeat by the creators of the army,00:42:13
that is, the Polish army, it accounted for a00:42:15
quarter of all state revenues from00:42:17
Ukraine stood Well, it was engaged in00:42:19
occupation, carried out occupation00:42:21
forces and we will objectively still defended it from the00:42:24
Invasion of the Tatars when it was defeated by uh,00:42:29
three hetmans and commanded as00:42:34
in the Roman tradition, such a Roman thing was very popular00:42:36
as a00:42:39
triumvirate, so well, Khmelnitsky00:42:42
joked What the00:42:43
hell are you going to change and Latin to one too00:42:46
learned one too00:42:49
young and the other too pampered00:42:52
defeated and the troops of the Cossacks and the rebel00:42:56
peasants entered Kiev and what00:42:58
happened in Kiev then00:43:00
But at that moment the Poles often00:43:03
captured the Orthodox00:43:06
monastery He said they killed, burned,00:43:08
raped00:43:09
there was such a thing how they rebaptized the00:43:13
dead, they just came to the cemetery.00:43:17
These are the Catholics, when the Cossack army entered00:43:19
Kiev, they didn’t just slaughter all the Catholics,00:43:22
but they even pulled out the dead, especially00:43:25
Catholic priests and monks,00:43:28
pulled them out of their graves, put them on ragulki00:43:31
and shoved Catholic religious books into their hands with this corpse.00:43:38
That’s what it was like hatred must be understood to00:43:42
what extent people have been reduced to this, we are saying so that00:43:44
you understand why it happened now, I’m00:43:46
not even saying what happened, what happened to the Jews,00:44:00
they split the Orthodox Church now they00:44:03
want to spread rot on it. They ban services and so00:44:06
on, at the head is You understand who00:44:08
these are Bandera fascists who are doing all this00:44:12
they are inspired by this Yes, this is what00:44:15
we are talking about, this event00:44:18
has passed 375 years, but it is so relevant that it00:44:20
even becomes scary Yes, and in the00:44:23
end it all ended with the fact that the00:44:25
Jewish population of the00:44:27
eastern large part of Central00:44:29
Ukraine, simply put, ceased00:44:31
to exist, it was00:44:32
not only the tenants who got it00:44:34
everyone got the machines, that is, it00:44:38
began. As a result, a00:44:40
war began that lasted for several00:44:43
decades, in general, for several00:44:45
decades it continued precisely00:44:47
thanks to the Cossack elite, and00:44:51
these are the tragic events00:44:54
Unfortunately, they are very relevant and we are living in the00:44:58
midst of these current events00:45:01
and we are not we know how it will all end but00:45:03
let's hope for the best and thank you00:45:06
Oleg for the long conversation with you friends00:45:08
of health such a light dadina the main thing is00:45:11
health and peace to everyone Yes thank you all00:45:15
hello see you again see you again see you soonDescription:
Подписывайтесь на канал! Поддержите нас своими комментариями! Поддержите наш канал: 2202 2012 1423 8582 (Сбербанк; Георгий Т.) https://www.donationalerts.com/r/redhistory Все средства идут на развитие канала! Спасибо! Весной 2023 году исполняется 375 лет восстанию под предводительством Богдана Хмельницкого, известного в советской историографии как «национально-освободительная война украинского народа». «Воля моя – вырвать народ русский из панской неволи», – насколько эти слова гетмана соответствуют реалиям того драматического и трагического времени? Какое влияние на события на землях исторической Малороссии оказывали религиозные войны и противоречия XVII века – например, противоборство Речи Посполитой и Османской империей и со Шведской империей? Как относились в тогдашней Польше к представителям иных конфессии и что такое «польская толерантность»? Что давало одному из современников сравнивать жизнь крестьянства в Речи Посполитой с постоянным чистилищем? К каким последствиям приводил религиозно-сословный и национальный гнёт и какие обстоятельства привели шляхтича Зиновия Богдана Хмельницкого на земли Запорожской Сечи? Подробнее – в очередной «Исторической беседе». Мы в ВК: https://vk.com/public220098299 Мы на Яндекс.Дзен: https://dzen.ru/redhistory Мы на Rutube: https://rutube.ru/channel/25768380/ Интервью, мнения экспертов, экскурсы в историю и многое другое ждет вас на канале "Красная история"!
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