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00:00:00
the first strange quark star was found00:00:03
how they can destroy the earth we were able to00:00:07
look under the surface of Europa years00:00:09
earlier than expected Why00:00:12
aliens have purple forests00:00:15
we will talk about all this and much more right00:00:17
now on the 115th issue of the astro-review I’m Andrey00:00:20
and you are on the Cosmos channel just00:00:25
[ music]00:00:27
top 5 things that can destroy the00:00:31
earth giant killer asteroid00:00:34
wandering neutron star00:00:36
near-Earth supernova Black hole00:00:40
strangele00:00:41
droplet you may have00:00:44
heard this Strange word, like the00:00:47
English version of this word,00:00:49
formed from two words, the00:00:53
term strangele formed strange00:00:56
and droplet and was proposed by Sergei00:00:59
Popov What are these strange droplets and00:01:02
how are they supposed to destroy the earth?00:01:04
The word strange in the name comes from00:01:07
strange matter and the strangelets themselves00:01:09
are fragments of strange matter, something00:01:12
like its particles. It must be said that the00:01:14
strangepellets and strange matter in this00:01:16
context are things that are still hypothetical00:01:19
particles from which they are are00:01:21
quite real. So such a substance00:01:23
can exist. Maybe under certain00:01:26
conditions we consist of atoms; atoms are made up of00:01:29
protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons;00:01:31
protons and neutrons, in turn,00:01:33
consist of quarks of the smallest particles,00:01:36
at least as far as we00:01:37
know now. I really have said more than once that and in00:01:40
neutrons and protons everything is more complicated glions a00:01:42
pair of virtual particles that’s all but that’s00:01:45
not the essence of quarks there are also00:01:47
different standard models of elementary00:01:49
particles, there are six of them and in ordinary matter00:01:52
in protons and neutrons only two of them00:01:54
are yu or quarks, which are also called00:01:58
up and down these words they00:02:01
describe real properties and simply come00:02:03
from the letters u go which for convenience00:02:05
they wrote the words00:02:06
Up and Down there are also S quarks and they are00:02:10
called strange in the same way Although00:02:12
this is also just a convenient word truth00:02:14
strange matter with these strange00:02:16
quarks is really it can be00:02:18
strange if you take an atom and00:02:22
compress it very, very strongly, then it can decay00:02:25
into protons and neutrons, increasing further,00:02:28
of course, we are talking about extreme00:02:30
pressures, you can force Neutrons and00:02:33
protons to decay into quarks. But what00:02:35
will happen if you continue to compress even more00:02:38
strongly the soup of the upper and bottom quarks00:02:40
and heavier strange quarks may begin to appear in it; in00:02:42
general,00:02:46
strange quarks themselves, if left00:02:48
alone, very quickly decay back00:02:49
into up and down quarks, but scientists00:02:53
suggest that under certain00:02:54
conditions and enormous pressures, strange00:02:57
quarks can combine with up and00:02:59
down forming a kind of trio00:03:01
which is called straplets. Well, it is00:03:04
still unclear how they should00:03:06
destroy the earth, but this is already quite a00:03:08
flock of horror stories and the fact is that there is an00:03:12
assumption that under certain00:03:13
conditions, straplets, when in contact with00:03:15
ordinary matter, can turn it into00:03:18
strange matter, that is in theory, a00:03:20
chain reaction can start if a strange fragment is formed on the ground00:03:23
or a strange fragment falls on it from somewhere00:03:25
after contact with the00:03:29
ground. An area of strange matter can00:03:31
begin to grow, destroying everything around. There00:03:33
are several conditions for this to00:03:36
happen, such as the fact that such strabecs00:03:38
must be more stable than ordinary matter and00:03:41
so on, there were even fears that00:03:43
Experiments at the Large Hadron00:03:44
Collider and at the Brookhaven00:03:46
Heavy Ion Collider could00:03:48
form such straplets And then all of00:03:51
us would end. A similar fear was about Buck and00:03:54
microscopic black holes, but in00:03:56
the end, neither of these happened. Well,00:03:58
in general, the scientists’ assessments showed that it is00:04:01
very, very unlikely that the search for00:04:04
strappelica on earth and beyond has so far00:04:06
been successful, if they00:04:09
are formed in some extreme00:04:10
events in space, they probably00:04:13
no longer reach us in a stable form, yet, what do00:04:15
you think, where is it most likely to find00:04:18
strange matter? Where But in our00:04:21
Universe we have conditions of monstrous pressure,00:04:23
I think many have already guessed that we are talking00:04:26
about a neutro star. I already00:04:28
mentioned quark stars and the so-00:04:31
called strange stars,00:04:33
hypothetical objects that00:04:35
may contain that same strange matter, and00:04:38
here a study appeared that00:04:40
talks about the fact that scientists may00:04:42
have found the first candidate for such00:04:44
unusual objects, neutron stars,00:04:47
stars that consist of neutrons. This is00:04:50
of course a very simplified, even00:04:51
primitive description, most likely they00:04:54
have a structure consisting of different layers00:04:56
and they contain different particles and not00:04:58
just neutrons, I’ll talk about this in more detail00:05:00
spoke to the issue about the internal structure of00:05:02
neutron stars and there are different versions00:05:04
of this structure that differ00:05:06
depending on the chosen model or on the00:05:09
properties of a particular star. For example, a00:05:11
neutron star may have a core00:05:13
consisting of quarks, that is, there is00:05:15
sufficient pressure there to destroy00:05:17
neutrons into their component parts, but what if00:05:20
continue to compress the star even more Well,00:05:23
or in other words, increase the mass00:05:25
of the object in general, today it is believed that00:05:28
after a certain mass limit,00:05:29
even those mechanisms that allow00:05:32
neutron stars to remain00:05:33
stable stop working and the00:05:36
neutron star collapses into a black00:05:38
hole, but it is still possible00:05:40
to squeeze another one between these two states masses00:05:43
can be different, you can imagine an00:05:45
Object that will not yet collapse into a00:05:47
black hole but is massive enough00:05:49
for strange matter to begin to form inside00:05:51
and the neutron00:05:54
star would already become a strange star, that00:05:57
is, we need to try to find an Object00:05:58
that will be slightly more massive than the neutron00:06:00
star but less massive than Black00:06:03
hole is true The problem is that we do00:06:05
not yet know the exact mass limits00:06:07
for neutron stars. So for now we are talking00:06:10
more about a certain mass range, and00:06:13
recently scientists may have found an Object00:06:15
that may fall within this00:06:17
range and found it thanks to an event00:06:19
gravitational waves00:06:22
gw1904.25 these waves came to us from the00:06:25
merger of two neutron stars and the event00:06:27
was recorded in 2019 when00:06:30
two neutron stars merge.00:06:32
Several outcomes are possible. Both stellar remnants00:06:35
can mutually destroy each other, or00:06:37
during the merger the mass threshold will be overcome00:06:39
and a Black hole will be formed but a00:06:42
more00:06:44
massive neutron star may still form. The authors of the new00:06:47
article calculated that the mass of the object00:06:49
remaining after the merger of two00:06:51
neutron stars in the00:06:53
gw190425 event is in the range from 3.1100:06:57
to 3.54 solar masses. On the one hand,00:07:02
this is too much and the object may collapse00:07:04
into a black hole. also falls within the00:07:06
mass range of other models that00:07:09
describe strange stars. So there is a00:07:11
chance that this object is the first00:07:14
representative of strange stars found. Of00:07:16
course, further research will still be required.00:07:18
But if it is really a00:07:20
strange star, then let it at least00:07:23
remain somewhere there and it is better not to come to us00:07:25
is approaching Thank you,00:07:27
no need,00:07:29
as you know, there are people who not00:07:33
only think that the Earth is flat. They00:07:35
generally believe that space does not00:07:36
exist. And all photographs of the Earth from00:07:38
space and other space objects00:07:40
are fake, the work of artists, and one of their00:07:44
arguments is that the truth exists,00:07:45
artists who draw illustrations00:07:47
space like this is true, such pictures are00:07:50
usually marked in the00:07:52
artist’s mind, I must say, astronomers00:07:54
had to make illustrations and00:07:56
sketches hundreds of years ago. Well, at least00:07:58
because then there was no photography, so the00:08:00
connection between astronomy and art00:08:02
has long been by the way about art at00:08:05
Tinkoff Bank before On October 16, you can00:08:07
get a Tinkoff Black debit card00:08:09
designed by a painting from the Tretyakov Gallery and00:08:12
receive free service on the00:08:14
card forever. This issue is published with the00:08:16
support of Tinkoff Bank. You can00:08:18
choose any card from the series. There are00:08:20
five in total with different masterpieces from the Tretyakov gallery,00:08:22
plus the card has cool advantages of up to 1500:08:25
percent cashback on categories of spending00:08:28
that you can choose every month, up to00:08:30
30 percent cashback on purchases from00:08:32
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updated. Plus, income up to 6 percent per00:08:36
annum on the card balance every month,00:08:38
cashback comes in rubles and not some00:08:40
bonuses, you can make free00:08:42
transfers through sbp and withdraw for free00:08:44
cash at ATMs the offer with00:08:47
free service is valid until00:08:49
October 16, follow the link in the description,00:08:51
apply for a Tinkoff Black debit card00:08:54
in the design of paintings from the Tretyakov00:08:55
Gallery and receive eternal free00:08:58
service on it;00:09:01
space selection, according to tradition, let's start00:09:03
with James Webb; more and more00:09:06
new data and observations in the past are published00:09:08
video about the rings of Saturn I have already shown00:09:10
new observations of Neptune and its rings00:09:13
Now your eyes have both reached00:09:15
Mars, the image was obtained through different00:09:18
filters Here we see the details of the00:09:20
relief of a section of the surface of Mars And in00:09:22
this image with a different filter the00:09:24
difference in temperatures and more about Mars the00:09:26
Insight apparatus, whose work on Mars is00:09:29
coming to an end, made another00:09:31
interesting discovery. The seismometer of the apparatus,00:09:33
which is needed to monitor the00:09:35
seismic activity of the red planet00:09:37
and record Mars tremors, caught00:09:40
something else; meteoroid impacts and the00:09:43
surface of Mars; the collision occurred00:09:45
at a distance from 53 to 290 km from the00:09:49
apparatus. Some These impacts00:09:51
left craters and they were even00:09:53
photographed by the MRO orbital vehicle.00:09:55
Here is one of these craters. Well, since00:09:58
we are talking about collisions, we cannot help but00:10:00
mention the development of the story with the Dart apparatus. The00:10:03
last time I talked about it was Even before the00:10:05
historical collision, but since then the00:10:07
first test of the planetary protection for the00:10:09
deviation of the asteroid's trajectory00:10:10
occurred and something was already published00:10:13
after that, probably many have already00:10:15
seen it, but still Let's look at00:10:17
this amazing animation of the approach with the00:10:19
double asteroid and its smaller00:10:22
asteroid Didymos, right up to the last00:10:24
frames before the collision,00:10:27
others watched the events from the sidelines00:10:28
observatory Here are the frames taken from the ground00:10:31
from South Africa, they show how the00:10:33
asteroid becomes brighter at the moment of00:10:34
the collision And here are the pictures directly from the00:10:37
scene of the events taken by the Cupsat, a00:10:39
small device left00:10:41
specially to observe the00:10:42
collision at close range, a00:10:45
large number of emissions from the00:10:47
surface of Dima can be seen after the collision behind the00:10:50
events The Hubble telescope also observed this, here is an00:10:52
animation from the frames obtained by this00:10:54
telescope. And of course, James Web here is an00:10:57
animation without his pictures. After the00:11:00
collision, it formed a tail00:11:02
similar to a comet’s, thousands of00:11:04
kilometers long. How successful was the00:11:07
test deviation of the asteroid’s trajectory00:11:09
and we will get all the detailed information00:11:11
later And the European Hera spacecraft will also go to the same system,00:11:14
which will00:11:15
reach the system in 4 years,00:11:18
just when all the dust has settled and it will00:11:20
study the system in detail along with two00:11:22
cupsats. Not so long ago we saw the first00:11:25
image of a supermassive black hole in the00:11:27
center of our galaxy from the00:11:29
horizon telescope events now, thanks to00:11:31
data from the Alma radio observatory, it has been possible00:11:34
to detect the possible presence of a00:11:35
hot bubble of gas in the orbit of our00:11:38
black hole; this clump is not00:11:41
very close and, apparently, is rushing through00:11:43
orbit at a huge speed of 3000:11:45
percent of the speed of light; a00:11:48
new interesting study has also been released regarding the00:11:50
formation of the moon today the main00:11:52
version of its appearance is this impact00:11:54
scenario, a body the size of Mars crashed into the earth00:11:56
and the substance ejected into Orbit00:11:59
formed the Moon. I talked about this in00:12:01
more detail in a separate video,00:12:03
but new research based on00:12:05
higher resolution simulations00:12:07
paints a slightly different picture. Usually00:12:10
they say that the material ejected into The00:12:12
orbit was formed by the disk in which the00:12:14
Moon was formed, but new physical00:12:16
simulations that were carried out with a whole00:12:19
bunch of different parameters showed that00:12:20
perhaps the Moon formed much00:12:22
faster, as they say in press releases,00:12:25
instantly. And of course, this means that00:12:28
not in a second, but much faster than00:12:30
previously thought and happened this is immediately00:12:32
without a disk phase made of matter, of course this does00:12:35
not mean that everything was exactly like that, but00:12:37
new, higher-quality simulations00:12:39
speak of such a possibility00:12:41
[music]00:12:44
one of the main obstacles in00:12:46
space exploration, time I’m not even talking about00:12:50
hypothetical interstellar flights, at00:12:52
least when exploring our solar00:12:54
system modern apparatus takes00:12:57
years to get to more distant00:12:58
planets. But we ourselves00:13:01
discuss so many questions, say Uranus or00:13:03
Neptune, I often have to say that it00:13:06
would be cool to get some00:13:07
information using the apparatus00:13:09
directly from the Planet, but the wait for such a00:13:12
mission is still a very, very long time until it is00:13:15
approved, it will be designed, it will be launched, while00:13:17
the device will fly, decades will pass. So,00:13:20
we will not be able to get answers to many questions soon,00:13:23
but here, for once, the00:13:25
opposite situation happened, we were able to00:13:27
look under the surface of the cosmic00:13:29
body. Although before that, the earliest00:13:31
opportunity was only in 2030 and00:13:35
there is no body there, one of the most00:13:37
interesting bodies in the solar system, the00:13:39
satellite of Jupiter Europa, I think many of00:13:42
you do not need to explain why this is00:13:44
interesting, an icy satellite under00:13:46
the surface of which there is almost certainly an00:13:48
ocean of liquid water and one of the most00:13:50
promising bodies in the solar system00:13:52
for the search for extraterrestrial life. By the way about00:13:55
why we are so sure that there00:13:57
is an ocean under the surface Although no one has00:13:59
drilled into the ice body of the satellite or00:14:01
looked under the surface with my own eyes,00:14:03
I made a separate issue in favor of this,00:14:06
a whole bunch of independent00:14:07
arguments speak in favor of a significant part of the data about00:14:10
Europa we received thanks to the00:14:12
Galileo apparatus, which we studied the Jupiter system00:14:14
until 2003, but the nearest apparatus00:14:17
specifically aimed at studying Europe, the00:14:19
Europa Clipper, is now actively preparing00:14:22
for launch in 2024, if there are no transfers, it will00:14:26
reach the Jupiter system; it will00:14:31
arrive there in 2030, and a little later, the apparatus of the European00:14:33
Space Agency, Deuce, has a focus00:14:35
not only on Europa but on the main00:14:37
icy satellites, but still Europa is an00:14:39
important part of the Mission, but surely someone is00:14:42
already writing comments00:14:44
Andrey Day What about the Juno spacecraft,00:14:46
which is right now in the00:14:48
Jupiter system, why not take a look at00:14:51
Europa, but really, why not not00:14:53
to look, we thought that the00:14:55
devices themselves had done what was unexpected here?00:14:57
The study of icy satellites was not part of the00:15:00
main mission of the device and00:15:02
it used instruments designed to00:15:04
study Jupiter. However, they too can00:15:06
get a lot of valuable information. In00:15:10
2021, the extended mission of the00:15:12
device began and Juno completed it. within the framework of a00:15:14
close flyby from the largest00:15:16
icy satellite of Jupiter and, in general, the00:15:19
largest satellite in the solar00:15:20
system, Ganymede, under the surface of00:15:23
which it is also assumed that there is an00:15:24
ocean of liquid water. Juno received the first00:15:29
close-range images of the satellite in a long time and collected some00:15:32
useful data on these data. they write00:15:34
articles and not all the information is available. But00:15:37
people working on the mission are already saying00:15:39
that the device has at least confirmed that the00:15:41
ice crust of the satellite is, I quote,00:15:44
very thick, that’s how thick00:15:47
Europa’s crust is. We also want to know, while00:15:50
the estimates are different, from several to00:15:52
several tens of kilometers in thickness. In00:15:54
addition, there may be areas where the crust is00:15:56
especially thin and even in the crust itself there may00:15:59
be shallow and approaching reservoirs00:16:00
separate from the global ocean, it would be00:16:03
cool to check all this, especially00:16:04
considering that one day people will probably00:16:06
try to launch an umbrella under the surface of00:16:08
Europe; it should drill or00:16:10
melt through the crust and look for00:16:12
signs of life in the ocean Yes, it won’t be soon00:16:15
if it happens. But the more we know by this point,00:16:17
the better how00:16:20
Juno itself can look under the surface of00:16:22
Europa. Here scientists decided to00:16:24
use a microwave radiometer specially designed00:16:26
for Juno and the instrument. In00:16:28
general, it was made to00:16:30
study the dynamics in the depths of00:16:32
Jupiter’s atmosphere, it is capable it was already possible to look00:16:35
several hundred kilometers deep into the gas00:16:37
giant, but the same tool can00:16:39
also be applied to an icy satellite00:16:41
to look under the surface of a cosmic00:16:43
body. Previously, for example, scientists looked at the00:16:46
surface of Mars to a certain00:16:48
depth using a00:16:50
radar. A nordiometer is not a radar; it does not00:16:53
send signals on its own. only00:16:55
registers radiation coming from the00:16:57
body, microwave radiation that is00:17:00
capable of breaking through the dense00:17:01
atmosphere of Jupiter and even some00:17:04
thickness of the crust of the icy satellite. Although of00:17:06
course, the depth to which the00:17:07
instrument is able to look is not so00:17:09
impressive, plus it strongly depends on the00:17:12
purity of the ice; the instrument works00:17:14
on six long waves at once and rotating,00:17:16
collects data from different angles, as if00:17:18
scanning an object to a certain depth.00:17:20
For example, such a slice is obtained when00:17:23
studying Jupiter in this way if, during the00:17:26
flyby of the Ganymede, Juno was 1000 km00:17:28
from the surface of the satellite, current Europa it00:17:31
flew up Much closer at 352 km00:17:35
from the surface, whichever is smaller the height of the00:17:37
ISS orbit above the earth. So, thanks to00:17:39
the study of Europa using a microwave00:17:41
radiometer, we will be able to learn more about the00:17:43
structure of the ice crust and its thickness. In00:17:46
addition, Juno naturally took pictures of the00:17:48
surface of the satellite and the spectrometer00:17:50
analyzed the chemical composition of the00:17:52
substance on the surface. It will be possible to00:17:54
determine if there are salts or organics there00:17:56
one important question is whether geysers shoot out from under the00:17:59
surface of Europa in the case of00:18:02
another icy Moon, water emissions are already near Saturn00:18:04
Enceladus. They were00:18:07
unambiguously discovered, they are clearly visible in the images of the00:18:09
Cassini apparatus and the apparatus even flew00:18:12
through them. But for Europa there were several00:18:13
indirect and not very accurate evidence00:18:16
in the benefits of geysers, but it is still impossible to00:18:18
say for sure whether they exist yet, there is no00:18:21
information from Juno’s flyby of the geysers, but00:18:23
if She managed to catch something, we will find out00:18:25
about it later. In short, it seems that a00:18:28
small flyby was not initially planned,00:18:30
but useful information can be00:18:32
gained quite a bit, we will wait for scientific00:18:34
articles with details will appear00:18:36
later. But for now, let's look at the pictures00:18:39
that have already been published by this moment;00:18:41
first, they showed this00:18:43
fragment of the sputa in all its glory; the00:18:45
unusual young relief of Europe is visible. Here is00:18:48
another high-resolution image of the surface,00:18:50
in addition to the famous stripes of00:18:52
double ridges, there is another00:18:54
unusual detail relief A mysterious00:18:57
break in the ice crust in a shape00:18:59
reminiscent of a musical note and00:19:01
finally the whole of Europe is the coolest00:19:04
image. Especially considering that we00:19:07
have not seen Europe in such detail for more than 2000:19:09
years,00:19:12
we have not yet found Life beyond the earth,00:19:15
but it is almost certainly somewhere in the Universe00:19:17
it exists if we One day find an00:19:19
inhabited planet, what will it00:19:22
look like, will it be similar to the earth00:19:24
or will it be somehow fundamentally different? The00:19:27
imagination of00:19:29
science fiction movie authors or artists likes to run wild here.00:19:31
Sometimes when filming, they look for some kind of terrestrial00:19:34
but non-standard landscapes, volcanic00:19:37
relief of Iceland, the Vadim desert in Jordan,00:19:40
which filmed Prometheus Star Wars00:19:43
Of course, the Martian, by the way, on my00:19:46
channel there is one of the first videos about this00:19:48
desert with my filming from there. Well, this is00:19:50
understandable, our fantasies are also through the00:19:52
prism of our biases, species that00:19:55
seem alien to us. But if there are00:19:57
any specific criteria by which00:19:59
we can estimate how planets with00:20:02
extraterrestrial life can differ from the00:20:04
earth, in fact, there are artists from00:20:07
space agencies and organizations that00:20:09
paint habitable exaplanets, so in general00:20:12
it is similar. After all, we compare extraterrestrial life00:20:14
with the only life known to us,00:20:16
our own, the same blue of00:20:19
the oceans, the same green of forests and00:20:21
vegetation, but interesting that an00:20:23
inhabited exoplanet can look like00:20:25
this or like this00:20:29
I think it’s a little secret that the00:20:31
vegetation on earth is mostly00:20:33
green from the pigment chlorophyll, thanks to00:20:36
which the plant is able to use the00:20:38
energy of the Sun as a result of photosynthesis,00:20:41
probably one of the most important, if not the most00:20:43
important reaction for life on earth,00:20:44
chlorophyll is made by the plant for our eyes,00:20:47
red and blue light00:20:49
is absorbed by green, but green is reflected,00:20:51
although some of the green is absorbed by00:20:54
green concepts, stretchable, there is a00:20:56
certain range of different wavelengths,00:20:59
but chlorophyll is not the only00:21:01
substance that can be00:21:02
involved in photosynthesis, there is, for00:21:04
example, a substance such as retinal,00:21:06
some bacteria use it now00:21:08
probably earlier life on earth could have00:21:11
used it before using chlorophyll00:21:13
since it is a simpler molecule,00:21:15
retinal, unlike chlorophyll,00:21:18
on the contrary, absorbs green light and00:21:20
reflects red blue. So if00:21:22
plants used this substance00:21:24
instead of chlorophyll, then we would00:21:26
see not green but purple forests a00:21:29
completely different planet, taking into account different00:21:31
conditions of a different evolutionary path of a still00:21:34
different type of star and different00:21:36
light of the plant, if they exist, they could00:21:39
use a different substance for00:21:41
photosynthesis and then the Planet would look like00:21:43
this. So naturally, we are speculating a little here,00:21:45
but we use specifically00:21:47
known substances that can00:21:49
perform such a task as the supply of00:21:51
energy to organisms, another important00:21:53
factor is what color is more00:21:55
available on the surface of the planet, even though00:21:58
the sun in the visible part emits the00:21:59
most green light, we have a dense00:22:02
Atmosphere and not00:22:04
all the light of red waves reaches the surface, it reaches more,00:22:06
so chlorophyll uses them So on on00:22:09
other planets with different atmospheres and00:22:11
stars on the surface there may be a00:22:13
greater abundance of other light and00:22:16
organisms can develop taking00:22:18
this into account already. Quite a long time ago00:22:20
there was a study on this topic and it was also said00:22:23
that foxes on other planets may have00:22:25
violet light and type of star For00:22:29
the potential of earthly life one of the key00:22:31
factors and new interesting research is connected with this,00:22:33
let’s assume that00:22:35
organisms on another planet still00:22:37
use for photosynthesis not another00:22:39
substance but chlorophyll, even on earth it00:22:42
works more efficiently than retinal, but00:22:44
would it be effective under the light of other stars00:22:47
Every time it comes up about planets00:22:49
suitable for life, that same00:22:51
habitable zone comes up, or as Classic said, the00:22:55
zone. Damn it, it’s called the00:22:57
habitable zone, but probably this name00:22:59
takes on too much, because this is only the00:23:02
distance from the star at which there00:23:04
can be liquid water on the surface of the planet, which is00:23:06
key for00:23:08
clarity we have an ingredient of life, but not00:23:11
like the life of even liquid water. Only the00:23:13
required distance does not00:23:15
actually guarantee what even our00:23:17
solar system is talking about on the planet. There00:23:20
may simply be no atmosphere or, on the contrary,00:23:22
too dense. The atmosphere and the greenhouse00:23:24
effect are like on Venus. And then00:23:27
life will have problems with water There’s00:23:29
nothing to say other than the distance from the00:23:31
star, there’s a whole bunch of factors.00:23:34
By the way, there was a separate video about a number of such factors.00:23:35
And in a new study,00:23:37
they tried to test how simple00:23:39
organisms with chlorophyll would feel00:23:42
under the light of other stars, and test it00:23:44
experimentally. Unfortunately, so far there00:23:46
have been no interstellar travels.00:23:48
But scientists were able to build a simulator of00:23:51
starlight and such a device with a00:23:54
bunch of LEDs that emit light00:23:56
with different long waves and different00:23:57
combinations of LEDs, you can00:23:59
simulate the spectra of different types of stars00:24:02
and expose00:24:03
terrestrial organisms to this light and see how they will be00:24:06
normal. The authors of the study were not very00:24:09
interested in stars Red00:24:11
dwarfs, after all, are the most common00:24:14
stars in our Galaxy and in the Milky00:24:16
Way, 70-80 percent of them are stars. These stars are00:24:19
much smaller and colder and00:24:21
most of their radiation is generally in the00:24:23
infrared range, which we00:24:25
cannot see with our eyes. Infrared light is00:24:27
of course warm and pleasant, is00:24:29
this enough for photosynthesis00:24:31
scientists began from cyanobacteria, one of the00:24:34
first organisms on earth that began00:24:36
to use photosynthesis and they00:24:39
lived perfectly under the simulated light of a red00:24:41
dwarf, then the experiment was repeated00:24:43
on red and green algae and they00:24:46
also felt great. In general,00:24:48
even organisms that developed on00:24:50
earth could survive under the light of red00:24:52
dwarfs is good news. True. We must00:24:55
not forget that with red dwarfs everything is00:24:57
not so simple, and00:25:00
I have said more than once the possibilities of life on planets of these stars, and the00:25:02
problem may be the high activity of00:25:04
young red dwarfs, but there, too, not00:25:06
everything is so simple. Well, at least00:25:08
this new research is another argument00:25:10
in the balance rather in favor of the greater00:25:13
prevalence of life in the galaxy. The00:25:16
fewer00:25:18
friends. Thank you for watching. Don’t forget00:25:21
to subscribe to my telegram channel,00:25:23
VKontakte group and Many thanks to everyone00:25:25
who continues to support me on00:25:27
boost on Patreon and on YouTube for now00:25:29
[ music]Description:
https://www.tinkoff.ru/cards/debit-cards/tinkoff-black/?dco_ic=e74addf5-203e-11ef-8000-000042061435 — оформи бесплатную карту в дизайне картин художников Найдена первая Странная кварковая звезда? Как они могут уничтожить землю? Мы смогли заглянуть под поверхность Европы на годы раньше чем ожидалось? Почему у инопланетян фиолетовые леса. Это и многое другое в новом астрообзоре. По вопросам рекламы и сотрудничества [email protected] Выбирай ноутбуки MSI на DNS - https://www.dns-shop.ru/catalog/17a892f816404e77/noutbuki/?stock=now-today&brand=msi&p=2 Телеграм канал Космос Просто: https://t.me/cosmosprosto ВК Космос Просто: https://vk.com/cosmosprosto Поддержать проект “Космос просто”: Boosty: https://boosty.to/cosmosprosto 00:00 - Начало 00:24 - Странные кварковые звезды 07:28 - Интеграция 08:59 - Джеймс Уэбб и Марс 09:25 - Инсайт и метеороиды 09:58 - Dart. Последствия 11:23 - Пузырь у черной дыры 11:47 - Мгновенная луна 12:42 - Юнона и Европа 19:12 - Фиолетовые леса и жизнь у красных карликов Источники: 1. Странные кварковые звезды https://www.howstuffworks.com/strange-matter.htm https://www.space.com/strange-quark-stars-from-neutron-star-mergers https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.00544.pdf https://phys.org/news/2014-02-chances-particle-collider-strangelets-earth.html 2. Джеймс Уэбб и Марс https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/09/19/mars-is-mighty-in-first-webb-observations-of-red-planet/ 3. Инсайт и метеороиды https://www.space.com/mars-insight-meteorite-strikes-detection 4. Dart. Последствия https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasas-dart-mission-hits-asteroid-in-first-ever-planetary-defense-test/ https://www.space.com/dart-asteroid-impact-didymos-brighten-observations https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/first-images-from-italian-space-agencys-liciacube-satellite/ https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/webb-hubble-capture-detailed-views-of-dart-impact/ https://www.space.com/dart-asteroid-crash-requires-follow-up-mission https://www.space.com/dart-asteroid-impact-debris-tail-photo 5. Пузырь у черной дыры https://www.eso.org/public/russia/news/eso2212/ 6. Мгновенная луна https://www.space.com/moon-rapid-formation-space-rock-impact https://validate.perfdrive.com/fb803c746e9148689b3984a31fccd902/?ssa=4e8b8d43-4219-4642-8856-7f4068ff7204&ssb=23709285311&ssc=https%3A%2F%2Fiopscience.iop.org%2Farticle%2F10.3847%2F2041-8213%2Fac8d96&ssi=8ae4658e-8427-4ee5-af74-033d5af21018&[email protected]&ssm=89253120724321748108565678904556&ssn=691b3a16173243a7b87b7c0d5b28dfaa74fecde9b2f0-a0a1-48c9-81bf67&sso=4cec3a4f-e372f47a2e65305595fb164cc976d5f794bc925227749781&ssp=64470489701717287867171723716340378&ssq=76085336400000845276664000797531611616339&ssr=MzUuMjE3LjI0LjE0NA==&sst=&ssu=&ssv=&ssw=&ssx=eyJyZCI6ImlvcC5vcmciLCJ1em14IjoiN2Y5MDAwZmFkYjZkNzAtODg0YS00MmJhLTljZTctMWVlMDRlYjBkNzJjMS0xNzE3MjY0MDAwOTkwMC1iZWZjYWExNTUyMWFiODRmMTAiLCJfX3V6bWYiOiI3ZjYwMDA0YmE4ZDM3MC1mNWUxLTQ4NzMtYTJjYy01MzQzYWQ1YjczMTExNzE3MjY0MDAwOTkwMC00ODQwMjRjZmE0ZWIwZDE0MTAifQ== https://phys.org/news/2022-10-giant-impact-moon-rapidly-scientists.html 7. Юнона и Европа https://www.space.com/juno-flyby-jupiter-moon-europa-science https://www.nasa.gov/missions/europa-clipper/nasas-juno-will-perform-close-flyby-of-jupiters-icy-moon-europa/ https://www.nasa.gov/missions/europa-clipper/nasas-juno-shares-first-image-from-flyby-of-jupiters-moon-europa/ https://www.space.com/34-image-day.html https://www.nasa.gov/missions/europa-clipper/nasas-juno-gets-highest-resolution-close-up-of-jupiters-moon-europa/ https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/citizen-scientists-enhan 8. Фиолетовые леса и жизнь у красных карликов https://phys.org/news/2022-09-life-smallest-stars.html https://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/news/feature07-02-purple-palm-trees-on-alien-worlds https://arxiv.org/ftp/astro-ph/papers/0701/0701391.pdf
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