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Russian
00:00:00
have already heard the news, the Voyager 2 probe, the most distant from00:00:04
earth, which00:00:05
has been traveling through interstellar00:00:07
space for more than 45 years, suddenly began00:00:10
sending strange encrypted signals to earth.00:00:12
And the most interesting thing is that there are00:00:15
no signs that the probe is broken00:00:18
or that there is something wrong with it, except for a00:00:20
mysterious buzzing, they reported at NASA, what00:00:24
could have happened to him, you00:00:27
will find the answer in the nightspace telegram channel,00:00:29
quickly subscribe link in the description00:00:33
enjoy watching00:00:35
[music]00:00:51
[music] the00:00:59
legendary telescope that opened our00:01:02
eyes to the secrets of the universe00:01:04
[music]00:01:14
and introduced us to the grandiose forces of00:01:17
whose existence we didn't even00:01:19
suspect00:01:25
this is the amazing Hubble Universe00:01:32
[music] the00:01:39
extreme limit of the Hubble telescope00:01:44
the most famous telescope on earth00:01:47
never touches its surface the00:01:49
Hubble space telescope moves in00:01:51
orbit at an altitude of almost 650 km from the earth00:01:54
it circles the globe every 97 minutes00:02:01
[music]00:02:04
its powerful the mirror sees everything00:02:12
majestic Star factories where00:02:14
new worlds are born00:02:18
destructive explosions of stars00:02:22
and black holes appearing in a new light00:02:26
Hubble is the key that has revealed some of the00:02:28
greatest secrets of the universe00:02:36
but now there is a threat of00:02:38
losing the telescope forever the00:02:43
most important instruments have failed the00:02:47
main camera and a light-splitting00:02:50
device called a spectrograph00:02:52
Exited building00:02:54
gyroscopes that ensure the00:02:56
correct orientation of the hubble in00:02:58
space will soon stop working00:03:00
but the worst thing is that the hubble is falling a00:03:05
12-ton telescope the size of a school00:03:08
bus is slowly approaching the00:03:10
surface of the earth00:03:12
The only chance for the hubble to survive is us00:03:14
but the mission to save the telescope could00:03:17
be very dangerous00:03:20
I don’t know I could I would ask an astronaut00:03:24
to risk his life to fly and00:03:26
fix who it is. Difficult choice that00:03:29
Everyone makes for himself but if you ask the00:03:31
astronauts they agree without00:03:34
hesitation00:03:38
space shuttle expedition for00:03:41
maintenance of the hubble which starts00:03:42
in October 200800:03:48
three two one start the00:03:53
hubble expedition it is calculated00:03:56
space flight In any case, there is a00:03:58
risk involved. I made a decision with00:04:00
my family that this is worth00:04:02
risking my life for.00:04:04
Why is it worth taking this risk for an aging telescope that has00:04:07
almost reached the end of its 20-year life00:04:09
because Hubble00:04:12
continues to amaze us with amazing00:04:14
facts about our universe and it00:04:17
has not stopped doing this since its launch00:04:19
in 1990,00:04:22
astronomers have long wanted to know where00:04:24
stars like our Sun come from00:04:30
from the University of Arizona knows that00:04:33
stars are formed from clouds of gas and dust,00:04:35
he hopes to find out how these clouds00:04:38
give birth to stars,00:04:41
astronomers suspected that the key to the00:04:43
solution may be in the00:04:45
Eagle Nebula But even the most powerful ground-based00:04:47
telescopes could not give it a clear00:04:49
image in the00:04:52
spring of 1995, Hester points the00:04:55
Hubble Space Telescope at the Eagle Nebula00:04:59
by downloading an image from Hubble Hester00:05:02
cannot believe his eyes00:05:03
[music]00:05:08
Here is the first photograph of the Eagle Nebula,00:05:11
which is located 6 .5 thousand light00:05:14
years taken by Hubble, three00:05:17
giant pillars consisting of gas and00:05:19
dust are visible; the column on the left has a height of about 400:05:22
light years00:05:29
[music]00:05:36
They owe their shape to the fact that nearby there are00:05:39
several very massive very00:05:41
bright and very hot stars00:05:43
that give a huge amount00:05:47
ultraviolet radiation,00:05:52
this radiation creates such a relief00:05:56
Never before have these Celestial columns00:05:59
been presented in such stunning00:06:00
detail00:06:07
[music]00:06:10
for the first time scientists see that each column00:06:13
is strewn with small clumps of gas,00:06:15
perhaps these clumps are the missing link in the00:06:19
process of star formation00:06:24
[music]00:06:26
Kester calls these clumps00:06:28
evaporating gases globules,00:06:31
or abbreviated as and gg,00:06:36
the image shows that inside00:06:39
some Global there are00:06:41
nascent stars.00:06:43
This image depicts a very00:06:46
dynamic process.00:06:48
This is a photograph of an object in the process of00:06:51
changing,00:06:53
during these changes a New00:06:56
generation of stars appears. Here, for example, you can see a00:06:59
small red dot, in fact00:07:01
it is a star00:07:05
at the top00:07:12
in the photograph Glo seemed00:07:14
small, but inside one of them00:07:17
our entire solar system could easily fit00:07:19
these clumps of hot gas are the first00:07:23
stage of star formation and the columns on00:07:26
which they hang are rightly called the00:07:28
pillars of creation the00:07:30
image of the Eagle Nebula obtained by00:07:33
Hubble shows us the early stage of00:07:35
star formation00:07:38
But the next stage is not visible on it How00:07:41
stars are formed from Global The00:07:45
answer to this question was given by photographs00:07:48
taken by Hubble in 1994,00:07:52
approximately one and a half thousand light years00:07:55
from the earth, the Orion Nebula is located, like the00:07:58
Eagle Nebula Orion is the00:08:00
birthplace of stars00:08:02
when scientists looked closely at this00:08:05
image they discovered tiny00:08:07
dark spots00:08:17
are flattened disks of gas and patches of00:08:20
dust left over from the Global from which00:08:22
stars have recently emerged these spots are00:08:25
called protoplanetary disks or00:08:27
abbreviated as plates00:08:30
warm orange clump in the center00:08:32
attracts free matter from the00:08:34
surrounding disk due to this the matter00:08:37
in the center of the clump is compressed pressure00:08:39
grows the clump heats up00:08:44
As a result, it becomes so hot00:08:46
that nuclear fusion begins in it, so00:08:49
a star is born,00:08:51
heat and radiation from nuclear fusion00:08:54
gives rise to a stellar wind that carries away00:08:56
most of the free matter of the disk,00:09:03
but part of this free matter remains00:09:05
in the orbit of the newborn star,00:09:10
over time the fragments gather together and00:09:13
also form nodes and the clumps that00:09:15
grow and turn into planets,00:09:21
if you were transported four and00:09:23
a half billion years ago during the00:09:25
formation of the sun and the solar system,00:09:28
then you would see a similar environment.00:09:33
Hubble showed us how a new00:09:36
solar system arises and answered the long-standing00:09:39
question of how ours arose00:09:41
the sun's own star and our Earth00:09:52
behind the Eagle and Orion nebulae in the00:09:54
plane of the Milky Way there are even00:09:56
larger star-forming regions,00:09:59
scientists want to know whether stars in00:10:02
these distant regions go through the same00:10:03
life cycle00:10:07
in March 2005, Hubble began transmitting an00:10:10
image of a new object,00:10:15
this is the Carina Nebula one of largest00:10:18
star forming regions in the sky but the00:10:21
raw data that00:10:23
Hubble transmits looks nothing like this00:10:25
picture00:10:30
creating images that help00:10:32
scientists solve Mysteries with this00:10:35
data the task of an expert in00:10:37
gold image processing Liliya I am partial00:10:40
to this image not only because of its00:10:42
aesthetic value but because -due to the fact00:10:46
that Hubble has been working on it for so long,00:10:49
it transmits graphical data in the form of a00:10:52
black and white image, Livi00:10:54
colors these images in00:10:56
accordance with the chemical elements00:10:57
detected by Hubble instruments00:10:59
[music]00:11:02
blue indicates oxygen,00:11:05
red indicates sulfur00:11:09
and green indicates a whirlpool to assemble the entire00:11:13
mosaic of 48 individual photographs00:11:15
take about a year;00:11:19
photographs of kiwi taken by Hubble00:11:21
show an area 5000:11:24
light years long [music]00:11:27
Here, too, are a globule that will00:11:30
one day turn into stars surrounded by00:11:32
planets00:11:36
among thousands of newborn stars, a00:11:38
surprise lurks00:11:41
among the majestic clouds of the carina Hubble00:11:44
spots a huge star in agony00:11:49
for scientists dying the star is a chance00:11:52
to look into the future of our solar00:11:54
system00:11:59
what you see in these00:12:01
Hubble images is a shell of gas that00:12:03
serves as00:12:06
their tombstones Peaceful beauty is deceptive00:12:13
These colored walls the outer layers of a star are00:12:16
similar to our Sun when a star00:12:19
runs out of fuel these layers00:12:21
expand until until the gravity of00:12:23
the star can no longer hold them, in the00:12:26
end they fly into space00:12:33
in 2004, Hubble takes a picture that00:12:36
allows us to take a look at what00:12:38
our inevitable death of the00:12:40
helix nebula will look like after the expansion of the00:12:43
outer layers of the star, inside there remains a00:12:45
hot ball of solidified oxygen00:12:48
carbon, which astronomers call00:12:49
white dwarf00:12:58
one day the same thing will happen to00:13:01
our sun it will run out of fuel and00:13:04
the sun will turn into a giant red00:13:06
star00:13:14
[music]00:13:16
this is bad news for our world00:13:18
the temperature on the surface of the planet00:13:21
will exceed 1000 degrees00:13:28
all life on earth will die a00:13:31
wall of hot gas will pass over the earth00:13:34
will reach the limits of the solar system and00:13:36
fly into space,00:13:41
it will incinerate all the planets and moons on00:13:44
its way, all that remains of our00:13:47
Sun is a colored spot that will be00:13:49
visible for thousands of light years,00:13:55
such as this,00:13:59
humanity received a warning00:14:02
in 5 billion years, we need to00:14:04
move But even the death of our The Sun00:14:07
cannot be compared with the much more disastrous00:14:09
destruction00:14:11
some stars have a mass 10000:14:13
times more than our Sun the larger00:14:16
the star the shorter its life and the more00:14:19
destructive its death00:14:24
such stars explode in the form of a huge00:14:27
fireball which is called a00:14:29
supernova00:14:32
not all stars can explode in the form a00:14:35
supernova, for example, the Sun cannot; it00:14:38
simply does not have enough mass for processes to begin in the core00:14:40
that lead to the00:14:43
explosion of the star, but there are many stars in the galaxy00:14:45
that are definitely capable of this.00:14:51
Any star is in a state of00:14:54
fragile balance between gravity,00:14:56
which pulls inward, and heat pressure,00:14:58
which is generated due to nuclear00:15:01
synthesis and is directed outward when00:15:03
the fuel runs out, the00:15:05
pressure that ensures equilibrium disappears;00:15:10
now only gravity acts; the00:15:14
star collapses inward and explodes.00:15:19
The fury of a supernova destroys both the00:15:21
star itself and everything that surrounds it;00:15:26
if such a star were00:15:28
close enough to the earth, then a00:15:30
wave of deadly00:15:33
x-ray gamma would be sent to us radiation, it would00:15:35
disable our communications satellites and lead00:15:37
to global power outages,00:15:41
in fact, one such giant00:15:43
star has already exploded in our Galaxy, the00:15:48
Hubble Space Telescope recorded00:15:50
the consequences of this explosion00:16:01
[music]00:16:02
the blood nebula is the flying00:16:05
debris of a supernova that00:16:07
appeared in 105400:16:11
[ music] the00:16:15
supernova explosion was recorded by00:16:18
Chinese astronomers so we00:16:20
know exactly when it happened the00:16:25
flying debris of this supernova00:16:27
star that exploded A thousand years ago is00:16:30
still moving at a speed of about 500:16:32
million kilometers per hour00:16:35
But this image is more than00:16:38
just a photograph of ancient history00:16:43
interconnected threads like a network00:16:46
give scientists a clue to the essence of life itself; the00:16:50
basic elements necessary for the00:16:52
origin of life are formed in the heart of a00:16:54
star00:16:56
when stars explode; these fundamental00:16:58
elements spread throughout the Universe;00:17:00
from them, distant clouds of the00:17:03
nebula arise where new planets00:17:05
and New life are born00:17:11
[music]00:17:16
When you bleed You see that it is00:17:19
red is hemoglobium its red color00:17:22
is associated with oxygen and iron that arose in a00:17:25
supernova the gold from which00:17:28
your wedding ring is made arose00:17:30
in a supernova calcium in your bones a00:17:33
supernova occurred When stars die we00:17:36
learn a lot about the Universe as a whole00:17:42
Hubble gives scientists unique knowledge00:17:44
by tracking one specific a star is a00:17:48
carina in the carina nebula00:17:59
[music]00:18:03
this is a mysterious star; its mass is a hundred times00:18:06
greater than the mass of the Sun; this is the upper limit; the00:18:09
greater the mass of a star, the hotter it is; the00:18:12
surface of this star is so00:18:14
hot that it cannot hold the gas it00:18:16
consists of; a00:18:19
stream of Gas constantly comes out of it.00:18:21
For more than 10 years, Hubble has been serially00:18:24
photographing this carina.00:18:28
In the photo, two huge petals of00:18:30
super-hot gas are visible that are escaping from00:18:32
the surface,00:18:34
although this carina is a young star due to its00:18:37
enormous mass, it is unstable. This00:18:39
star will not live long.00:18:45
Carinae is one of the few stars00:18:48
that we can point to. finger and00:18:50
say00:18:52
when this Killer explodes it will become00:18:55
one of the most destructive supernovae00:18:57
in the entire history of observations00:19:00
when the light of the explosion reaches us it00:19:03
will be an amazing sight00:19:05
it will be almost as bright as the full00:19:08
moon the light will concentrate at one point in00:19:11
the sky and at night it will cast shadows the00:19:17
fireworks will begin When the Star00:19:19
runs out of fuel, the giant star00:19:21
will collapse in just a few seconds, the00:19:37
entire brunt of the disaster will fall on the cores of the00:19:40
exploding star,00:19:42
when this happens in the place of the star, a00:19:45
cosmic phenomenon will remain that has00:19:47
long occupied the imagination of astronomers00:19:50
[music]00:19:53
black hole00:20:09
Mysterious Black hole is the result of a00:20:12
powerful destructive supernova explosion00:20:16
at least At least in theory,00:20:18
before the launch of Hubble, scientists did not00:20:21
have any strong evidence of00:20:22
the existence of black holes. The modern00:20:25
concept of a black hole is based on00:20:28
Einstein’s general theory of relativity. If you00:20:30
make matter massive enough and00:20:33
dense enough, then Gravity will be00:20:36
so strong that there will be a region of00:20:38
space where light cannot00:20:40
escape.00:20:43
space into which you can get But00:20:45
from where you can’t get out something like a00:20:47
cosmic lobster trap00:20:53
[music]00:20:55
according to Einstein’s theory a black hole00:20:58
Arises from a very large star00:21:02
it must be at least four00:21:04
times larger than our Sun a black hole00:21:07
is just a piece of matter that00:21:09
somehow decreased So its00:21:12
gravitational field is so strong that00:21:15
the Trace cannot leave it even if00:21:18
radiation occurs then photons return00:21:22
back00:21:30
during a supernova explosion the inner00:21:33
core of the star is compressed into one point00:21:35
smaller than the head of a pin00:21:39
astronomers call this point the00:21:41
singularity00:21:48
singularity is an object not having00:21:50
lengths of width and height but it has00:21:54
most of the gravity of the star from00:21:56
which it emerged00:21:58
one of the main goals of the hubble was to prove once and00:22:01
for all that black holes00:22:02
actually exist or do not00:22:05
exist00:22:11
but how to look for an invisible point00:22:14
astronomers decide to point the hubble at the00:22:16
exact centers of galaxies00:22:22
this is the solution justifies itself They00:22:25
discover that stars close to the center of00:22:27
the Galaxy move in a circle at a very00:22:29
high speed00:22:32
for stars this is abnormal behavior00:22:34
most stars move at a00:22:37
relatively low speed00:22:39
but in the center of galaxies the stars are accelerated by00:22:42
the gravity of some very massive but00:22:44
at the same time ultra-compact object such an00:22:48
effect can have only one00:22:50
object, the00:22:51
legendary black hole,00:23:00
another proof of the existence of00:23:03
black holes are photographs of a mysterious00:23:06
jet about 5000 light years long00:23:08
transmitted by Hubble; the jet passes through the00:23:11
center of the giant elliptical00:23:12
galaxy M87; the00:23:15
jet in the M87 galaxy is formed due to the00:23:19
fact that the black hole attracts a00:23:21
huge amount of gas and dust;00:23:27
the substance is so many things create a00:23:29
jam gas and dust accumulate form a00:23:33
disk some of this matter escapes and00:23:36
forms a jet00:23:40
[music]00:23:45
The black hole reveals itself as a00:23:48
light show00:24:03
[music]00:24:09
The Universe00:24:11
is more than just a sea of stars00:24:18
[music]00:24:24
it is a symphony of science00:24:30
from the point of view of science more00:24:36
[music]00:24:40
anyone can understand the tactics using00:24:43
which I won,00:24:52
but hidden from all eyes is00:24:55
the strategy by which I00:24:57
organized victory The Art of War00:25:01
Ground War On Thursdays at 21:00 on00:25:04
the channel I found Jack graph HD00:25:07
3 2 100:25:12
earthquake00:25:15
Tornado00:25:18
avalanches how these disasters affect00:25:21
people Tim Samaras is trying to measure something00:25:24
that has never been measured, everything is correct, he00:25:28
risks his life,00:25:30
knowledge comes to us when something00:25:32
happens masters of disaster on the00:25:35
Nat geo HD channel00:25:37
[music] the00:25:44
connection between the galaxy and the black hole at00:25:47
its center is not yet fully understood but00:25:50
astronomers it is believed that black holes play a00:25:52
role in the formation of galaxies,00:26:01
as far as we know,00:26:04
there is a black hole in the center of any large Galaxy.00:26:06
We don’t know how exactly this happens.00:26:08
This is probably due to the fact that as they00:26:11
evolved00:26:36
before the advent of Hubble, black holes were00:26:39
just theories, an unverified00:26:41
astronomical guess, a00:26:42
space telescope Hubble changed this forever the00:26:53
destructive forces that create00:26:55
stars in deep space form our00:26:58
own solar system00:27:00
[music] in00:27:04
the summer of 1992, Shoemaker's comet Levi 9,00:27:09
abbreviated shl-9, passes too close00:27:13
to Jupiter, a00:27:15
comet with a diameter of 1.8 km falls into the00:27:20
gravitational field of a giant planet00:27:22
then sh -9 falls apart00:27:25
fragments stretch into a long line00:27:28
the image taken by Hubble is00:27:30
called the string of pearls00:27:35
calculations show that these pearls will00:27:37
soon collide with Jupiter00:27:41
so astronomer Heidi Hamel, who00:27:44
specializes in the study of planets,00:27:46
makes a proposal to NASA for many00:27:49
decades we have known that collisions00:27:51
play an incredibly important role in the evolution of the00:27:54
solar system,00:27:56
craters on the moon show that00:27:58
collisions are important even on earth as we00:28:01
have known for many years collisions played a00:28:03
big role but we never had00:28:06
the opportunity to see the collision00:28:12
comet shoemaker livi 9 would show that00:28:15
such collisions are possible not only in00:28:18
the past but also in present and even in00:28:20
the future,00:28:26
one of the difficulties in observing00:28:29
Shoemaker's Comet Pleve-9 is00:28:31
that Hubble tracks the event in00:28:34
real time, usually the telescope00:28:36
is aimed at events that00:28:37
unfold over millions of years00:28:39
and the death of the comet will occur quickly00:28:46
in July 1994, the team meets in00:28:50
Scientific Institute of the Space Telescope00:28:52
in Baltimore to observe the00:28:54
collision of a comet with a planet,00:28:59
we did not know what would happen when the00:29:01
Shoemaker Levi-9 crashed into Jupiter00:29:04
It is quite possible that nothing would have happened00:29:07
at all, the00:29:10
first image of the00:29:12
Shoemaker Swan comet was received, there were no00:29:15
traces of the collision,00:29:25
but then new ones came00:29:28
look00:29:32
at the pictures Lord Look at this look00:29:39
The planet rotated enough so that00:29:42
the trace of the collision became visible on its disks00:29:48
the group watched the collision of the comet with the00:29:51
planet in real time before their eyes00:29:54
Cosmic history was being made reporters00:29:57
and cameras were ready in the audience00:29:59
above00:30:00
At the same time the press was going on on the screen00:30:03
-conference and Gene Shoemaker00:30:05
said If only we could00:30:07
Look at this and we sat on the ground00:30:10
floor and shouted Wow, look, it’s00:30:12
amazing we need to show this, we ca00:30:14
n’t have him sitting at a00:30:16
press conference and saying that we don’t00:30:18
know,00:30:20
I was standing in letters a they were sitting at a00:30:22
small table,00:30:24
I think that we have fresh information for a00:30:48
whole week, according00:31:45
to our calculations, the pillars from the explosions on00:31:49
Jupiter rose to a height of 300000:31:51
kilometers above its atmosphere,00:31:53
this is a colossal planetary scale,00:31:57
the explosions turned out to have a strong thermal00:32:00
effect on the clouds within a radius of many00:32:02
thousands of kilometers,00:32:04
the clouds heated up to temperatures of00:32:07
tens of thousands of degrees00:32:10
if such an object as Shl-9 crashed into the00:32:14
earth It would be a bad day.00:32:19
Pictures of the collision with the Comet00:32:21
taken by Hubble prove that the00:32:23
destructive processes that formed00:32:25
our planet billions of years ago do not00:32:27
stop and today00:32:32
Shoemaker's comet Levi 9 deals a00:32:34
devastating blow to Jupiter,00:32:36
located not far from us But when00:32:38
Hubble points at an empty patch of the distant00:32:41
sky, its discovery shocks the scientific00:32:44
community in the00:32:49
winter of 1995, a series of commands are transmitted to the on-board computer of the00:32:53
Hubble that00:32:55
turns the orbital telescope00:32:58
towards a seemingly empty patch of sky00:33:07
[music] the00:33:09
powerful optics of the Hubble monitor the00:33:12
same In the same region of Space, over the course of 1000:33:14
days,00:33:15
the telescope takes a series of photographs which are00:33:18
called the Hubble Deep Field00:33:24
project. The Hubble Deep Field project was a great idea00:33:27
to point the space telescope at one00:33:29
area of the sky and leave it in this00:33:31
position, take exposure after00:33:34
exposure over and over again, then00:33:36
connect them together and as a result00:33:38
look very deep into the universe,00:33:41
this is the essence of the Hubble Defield project, we00:33:44
looked very far into the universe,00:33:45
we saw Galaxies, thousands of thousands of galaxies00:33:49
filled with stars, fields that look00:33:52
like a photograph of fireflies taken at night,00:33:55
and yet this part of the sky00:33:58
is considered empty00:34:03
[music]00:34:05
every spot of light in this photograph00:34:07
Hubble is a Galaxy consisting of00:34:09
billions of stars, these Galaxies00:34:11
are photographed at different stages of00:34:13
evolution00:34:21
from the time shortly after the00:34:23
birth of the cosmos and ending with the appearance of00:34:26
spiral galaxies such as our00:34:28
Milky Way image The Hubble deepfield00:34:32
is strewn with debris from space,00:34:33
galaxies that collide and00:34:36
absorb each other00:34:47
[music]00:34:58
[music]00:35:11
by We estimate that00:35:14
there are hundreds of billions of galaxies in the Universe,00:35:16
but you don’t realize it until00:35:19
you see the Deep Field crab picture and00:35:22
realize that it’s only a tiny piece of00:35:24
the sky, but it’s filled to the brim with galaxies,00:35:27
then you see that the Universe is an00:35:30
amazing place full of stars, a wonderful place00:35:34
all history of the evolution of galaxy change00:35:37
recorded in one image Hubble Deep Field00:35:43
Perhaps the most important discovery of Hubble00:35:46
cannot be seen at all. In no way is00:35:56
it such a powerful force that it00:35:59
holds the entire Universe together00:36:03
[music]00:36:06
For years, astronomers such00:36:10
as Kim Weaver have been surprised by the behavior of00:36:13
galaxies,00:36:16
the objects we have observed such as00:36:19
Galaxies have puzzled us, for example, with the00:36:22
way the Galaxy rotates, the00:36:28
arms of spiral galaxies move00:36:31
faster than the laws of physics allow,00:36:34
astronomers have discovered other oddities,00:36:40
there is a cluster of galaxies that00:36:43
includes thousands of galaxies, these clusters are00:36:46
nevertheless connected to each other.00:36:49
Galaxies after all this time move00:36:52
in orbits What connects their cluster is00:37:05
something that we do not see, astronomers00:37:08
hypothesize that galaxies00:37:18
They call it dark matter Although00:37:22
dark matter cannot be seen, one00:37:24
astronomer found a way to find it00:37:31
for more than two years We00:37:34
collected 600 images from the00:37:36
Hubble Space Telescope like a mosaic, adding them up00:37:39
together we got a large area of the sky00:37:41
in which about 2 million00:37:44
faint galaxies were visible this was the00:37:47
cosmological study of the00:37:48
Hubble Space Telescope this was the most00:37:51
extensive study conducted from00:37:53
space the study showed that stars00:37:55
and galaxies are formed from ordinary00:37:57
matter which is held by gravity00:37:59
inside the clouds of dark matter00:38:02
three-dimensional model clouds of dark matter00:38:05
created by Hubble for the first time in history00:38:07
shows how Dark Matter forms00:38:09
the framework of our Universe00:38:14
shortly after the Big Bang The00:38:16
gravitational framework of the Dark Universe00:38:18
formed the basis for evolutionary00:38:20
changes throughout the cosmos00:38:29
We owe our very existence to the00:38:32
framework of dark matter that00:38:34
formed early in the development of00:38:36
the Universe Although Dark matter is important for the00:38:39
very fact of our existence,00:38:41
astronomers do not yet have any00:38:42
idea what it is;00:38:49
this table shows all the elements of00:38:52
the Universe that we encounter in00:38:55
everyday life;00:38:57
all physical matter that we can00:39:00
see, taste or touch00:39:02
are in this table00:39:04
but not Dark matter,00:39:12
thanks to Hubble, astronomers have found a way to00:39:15
detect and measure it. They found out00:39:18
that there is five times more dark matter in the Universe00:39:20
than physical matter.00:39:24
But even if we add dark matter00:39:26
to all the physical matter that00:39:28
makes up the stars of the planet and people, it00:39:31
turns out that it’s still not about00:39:33
two-thirds of the universe is enough00:39:35
so what is the rest of00:39:38
the universe made of00:39:39
scientists are again turning to hubble for00:39:42
answers the00:39:48
hubble telescope is changing our understanding of00:39:50
reality00:39:55
since the 20s of the 20th century astronomers knew that00:39:59
the universe was expanding they believed that00:40:02
one day gravity would slow down the expansion and00:40:04
even possibly make the universe00:40:06
stop00:40:11
I know that the Universe is slowing down00:40:14
its expansion, the only question is at what00:40:16
speed the answer to this question should00:40:18
have put an end to the debate about the age and00:40:21
fate of the Universe, his search turned00:40:23
into a race;00:40:25
there were two groups of scientists who00:40:28
did not like each other. They tried to00:40:30
measure the rate of expansion of the Universe in00:40:33
different periods of the past. and compare it00:40:35
with the speed at which it is expanding00:40:37
now00:40:42
such a check can be carried out by Hubble;00:40:44
it finds supernova explosions in00:40:46
distant galaxies and uses the light of00:40:49
the explosion as a means to measure the00:40:51
distance from the Earth to the galaxy,00:40:57
but the data obtained by Hubble does not00:40:59
fit into the accepted model of the expansion of00:41:01
the universe of a00:41:06
Galaxy with supernovae They’re not00:41:08
just moving away, they’re moving away faster00:41:30
and faster. Hubble results force astronomers to completely reconsider their views on the Universe. You throw a ball and it slows down and falls back. You don’t expect the ball to fly up faster and faster. It doesn’t happen,00:41:33
but it happens anyway. according to Hubble,00:41:36
the Universe is expanding faster and00:41:39
faster,00:41:40
the only explanation is just as00:41:43
simple as it is incredible, something is00:41:45
causing the Universe to expand faster, an00:41:48
invisible force called dark00:41:51
energy,00:41:54
dark energy is another manifestation of a00:41:57
force we are familiar with, we are familiar with Gravity,00:42:00
but we have never seen it like00:42:02
this before manifested itself, but the darkest00:42:04
side of this mysterious force is connected with00:42:07
its future, over time its influence will00:42:09
increase, this means that one day00:42:12
dark energy will become stronger than00:42:14
Gravity, it will overcome even those forces00:42:17
that hold atoms together,00:42:20
everything that is connected together will be separated,00:42:23
including in reality low00:42:25
Saturday level It seems that the days of our00:42:29
Universe are numbered One day it will perish in a00:42:32
cosmic Apocalypse which scientists00:42:35
call the big rip00:42:38
[music]00:42:46
this is a reward For thinking boldly00:42:50
We went beyond the limits We did not at all00:42:52
expect such a result this is a00:42:55
colossal revolution in our understanding of00:42:57
the Universe Imagine that we don't00:43:00
know anything about the sea and one day we discover00:43:02
the ocean to our surprise we find out that00:43:04
three quarters of the earth is covered by the ocean but we00:43:07
have no idea what the ocean is and00:43:10
why it is needed00:43:11
this is our current knowledge about dark00:43:14
energy00:43:24
continuing research into dark energy00:43:26
this is perhaps the most important reason to00:43:29
leave Hubble in orbit but how much longer00:43:32
can we operate?00:43:43
Almost 20 years have passed since its launch, but the00:43:46
Hubble Space Telescope continues to00:43:49
improve00:43:52
after the completion of the Hubble servicing mission,00:43:54
from the docking of the Shuttle Atlantis, a00:43:56
new wide-angle Planetary Camera 3 will begin to operate,00:43:59
which will expand00:44:01
the capabilities of Hubble;00:44:05
another new device is a spectrograph00:44:08
of origin space will give us new00:44:10
knowledge about how Dark Matter affects00:44:12
distant galaxies.00:44:17
But even after installing the new00:44:19
equipment, Hubble's days will be numbered00:44:21
because the astronauts will also install00:44:24
a device on it that will put an end to00:44:25
Hubble's long space journey00:44:34
when the mission is completed and all the00:44:37
work is done, there will come a time when00:44:40
we will need to return to the airlock, I'm00:44:42
absolutely sure that will be the last00:44:44
time I touch Hubble for the last time,00:44:46
I will look at it for the last time because I think that will be the00:44:49
last time people visit the00:44:51
space telescope.00:44:54
So many people have put their work into it and I will say goodbye00:44:57
to mine before let's send him on00:45:00
a journey to meet a new discovery00:45:05
it will be a touching farewell00:45:19
to me It's hard to imagine that the mission of the00:45:21
space telescope will end00:45:24
now it is at the peak of00:45:27
efficiency, that is, it will be at its peak00:45:29
when we repair it, there is a00:45:31
great demand for it its capabilities are unique00:45:34
and will remain unique00:45:36
when we can no longer using00:45:38
the hub for observations it will be a huge00:45:42
loss00:45:46
on this day the telescope will receive the last00:45:49
command to turn off and return to00:45:52
earth the00:46:04
orbital telescope will burn up upon entering the00:46:06
earth's atmosphere and will go down in history00:46:13
[music]00:46:24
[music]00:46:26
flight control specialists want the00:46:29
huge telescope to00:46:31
fall into the The Pacific Ocean00:46:42
for those of us who have used hubble00:46:45
it will be a bittersweet moment the crumble has been the00:46:48
bright side of our lives has allowed us00:46:50
to do a wonderful job but at the same00:46:53
time we are looking to the future the00:46:57
next generation of space00:46:59
telescope is called the00:47:01
james webb space telescope its launch is00:47:04
scheduled for 201300:47:09
the telescope is literally sense, it will go00:47:12
further than Hubble, it will be located on the far00:47:15
side of the Moon at the point of fragile00:47:17
balance of the gravitational fields of the Earth,00:47:19
the Moon and the Sun00:47:21
[music] the00:47:23
James Space Telescope that00:47:26
will come can get an image of a00:47:28
planet orbiting another00:47:30
star, we expect not only to find00:47:33
planets similar to the Earth, but also to00:47:35
chemical analysis of their atmosphere00:47:37
to determine if there are signs of life there00:47:40
this is not science fiction not dreams we are00:47:43
very close to achieving this goal00:47:45
thanks to science going further than00:47:48
Hubble allowed but Hubble will forever00:47:50
remain the first00:47:53
first space telescope and the00:47:56
number one telescope for everyone00:48:00
it is used by scientists but photographs00:48:03
taken this telescope was00:48:05
accessible to the public like never before in00:48:08
terms of publicity. It00:48:10
revolutionized astronomy if you woke up a00:48:12
randomly selected resident of00:48:14
this country in the middle of the night and asked him to name00:48:16
any telescope then Name it.00:48:33
I hope that in the future we will find a way to00:48:37
replace it because00:48:45
[music]00:48:53
it made thousands of revolutions around the Earth00:48:59
was Eyes wide open Very00:49:02
inquisitive creatures he gave us00:49:05
amazing photographs thanks to which the00:49:07
human mind went to the beginning00:49:11
of us to be constantly surprised00:49:26
[music] the00:49:40
program was voiced by the ark TV studio the text00:49:43
was read by Peter TabelevichDescription:
🪐NIGHT SPACE ПОДПИСАТЬСЯ: https://t.me/+-7S4DX7iUHswODVi «Двери во Вселенную открыты - приглашаем тебя войти и познать все ее тайны!» В видео содержится контент, защищенный авторским правом. Правообладатель разрешил нам использовать видео. Правообладатель "National Geographic" монетизирует это видео. Авторские права соблюдены. Подробная информация тут https://support.google.com/youtube/ -Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. No copyright infringement intended. -I Do Not Own Anything.All the Rights in This Content Belong to Their Respective Owner/
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