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  • ruRussian
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00:00:07
Hello guys My name is
00:00:11
Tatyana Gennadievna Belousova I am a chemistry teacher
00:00:13
today we will find out what
00:00:16
chemical properties are characteristic of bases let us
00:00:18
remind you that our base consists of a
00:00:22
metal and one or more groups, yours
00:00:27
for example on trash is an alkali
00:00:30
since it is a water-soluble
00:00:32
base and let’s say cupruz double
00:00:36
hydroxide Copper two or copper dihydroxide
00:00:40
is a base insoluble in water
00:00:42
properties of the base soluble in water and
00:00:45
insoluble in water bases in
00:00:48
some reactions they will be similar but
00:00:51
nevertheless there will be a difference between them, that
00:00:53
is, it is the solubility of these substances
00:00:55
that can affect the properties So first
00:00:58
let's look at the interaction with
00:01:01
indicators
00:01:04
indicators are substances that can be
00:01:07
used to prove the
00:01:10
presence of a particular class of
00:01:12
substances when we studied acids we
00:01:15
said acids can be detected with
00:01:17
indicators litmus methyl orange
00:01:21
But phenolphthalene in this case remains
00:01:23
colorless it is not very suitable for
00:01:25
obtaining detection for it turns out to
00:01:28
detect acids and a universal
00:01:30
indicator, and for alkalis the same
00:01:33
indicators are also used only the
00:01:35
colors will be different. So litmus
00:01:39
in the presence of alkalis turns blue
00:01:43
and I remind you that in the presence of an acid it
00:01:46
has a different color - red. Therefore, with the
00:01:48
help of lacus you can detect,
00:01:50
for example, in one test tube you have an alkali and
00:01:53
in the other, for example, an acid, then the
00:01:55
indicator is methyl Orange,
00:01:59
it becomes yellow in the presence of an alkali.
00:02:02
For example, we have two test tubes,
00:02:06
one of them contains an acid, then methyl
00:02:09
orange will turn pink-red,
00:02:11
and in the presence of an alkali it will turn yellow, and
00:02:15
finally phenolphthalene
00:02:18
phenolphthalene in the presence alkalis will
00:02:22
turn crimson. But in an acid,
00:02:26
this indicator does not change color, so
00:02:29
this indicator will
00:02:31
definitely allow you to detect an alkali, and finally, a
00:02:34
universal indican indicator. It
00:02:37
will show the pH value by color that
00:02:40
can be interpreted; the pH is greater than seven;
00:02:43
the closer this indicator is to 14,
00:02:46
the stronger this will be alkali and,
00:02:50
accordingly, the smaller the value, that
00:02:53
is, the more it moves away from the number 14, the
00:02:56
weaker the base will be. So,
00:03:00
how do water-insoluble
00:03:02
bases behave? But since they are insoluble
00:03:05
in water, there is no indicator color. These
00:03:08
substances will not change; let’s move on to the
00:03:12
second property; the second property of
00:03:14
interaction with acidic ones
00:03:17
with acidic ones and, accordingly, the same ones
00:03:22
can act as amphoteric oxides.
00:03:26
Let's note that bases that are insoluble in water are
00:03:30
few. Which of these oxides
00:03:33
will react with, that is, in general, this is
00:03:35
not characteristic of them. I cannot say that you
00:03:38
can take any base that is insoluble in water.
00:03:40
You will definitely see
00:03:42
interaction between such a base and an
00:03:46
acidic oxide, therefore such a reaction is
00:03:48
not typical for them, it is
00:03:51
not typical and occurs very rarely, you
00:03:54
can practically say on one hand
00:03:57
you can count which of the
00:03:59
water-insoluble bases will still react,
00:04:02
but for alkalis this reaction is possible as a
00:04:05
result of the reaction a salt is obtained and
00:04:08
accordingly, water,
00:04:11
let's give an example, let's take lithium Oh
00:04:15
lithium hydroxide And as an acidic oxide
00:04:18
we will use the oxide n2o5 why is it an
00:04:23
acidic oxide because it is an oxide of a non-
00:04:25
metal and its valence exceeds 3 So let us
00:04:29
remind you that when we work with
00:04:31
acidic oxides under the acidic
00:04:34
oxide we mentally add water at
00:04:37
the initial addition, we get
00:04:39
H2
00:04:41
n2o6 But then the indices are divided by 2,
00:04:45
we get HNO3 And then on the right side
00:04:49
we get the salt of
00:04:51
lithium and this corresponding acid no3
00:04:56
lithium has a charge plus from the
00:04:58
solubility table we can see No 3
00:05:01
minus And the second substance will be water,
00:05:04
check the coefficients lithium one
00:05:07
nitrogen on the left two on the right one in front of 3
00:05:11
put a two then and glue yours put a
00:05:15
two hydrogen on the left two on the right two
00:05:18
oxygen on the left 7 and on the right too 7 the
00:05:22
resulting salt is called
00:05:24
lithium nitrate
00:05:27
also with amphoteric oxides the
00:05:30
same salts will be formed only they
00:05:33
will be named according to
00:05:35
what an amphoteric oxide is taken, for example,
00:05:37
zincates, aluminates, and so on. So let's
00:05:41
move on to the third property; the third
00:05:44
property of interaction with acids
00:05:47
will react with acids; all
00:05:49
bases will react; this reaction has a special
00:05:52
name:
00:05:53
neutralization and this reaction will be
00:05:57
characteristic of any base;
00:05:59
accordingly, the reaction product will be
00:06:02
salts; water; let's
00:06:04
give an example: one example for alkali the
00:06:07
second example for a
00:06:09
base insoluble in water, let’s
00:06:11
take
00:06:12
barium hydroxide, it will be barium oh2 and
00:06:18
for example, take hydrochloric acid plus
00:06:22
chlorine, an exchange reaction takes place, we get a
00:06:25
new salt, we have barium chlorine 2 because
00:06:30
barium has a charge of 2 + chlorine has a minus And the second,
00:06:35
of course, is water, so we check the
00:06:37
coefficients Bari, one at a time, chlorine, one
00:06:40
on the right 2 Therefore, there was a deuce
00:06:43
of hydrogen on the left 4 don’t forget, here it is
00:06:47
hydrogen and another hydrogen is in the
00:06:49
acid. There are 4 in total on the right, two before
00:06:53
the formula of water we put a deuce, the resulting
00:06:56
salt will be called barium chloride
00:07:00
and now we give an example for an
00:07:03
insoluble base Let this
00:07:05
base will be forum Oh three times
00:07:08
iron hydroxide three is actually a
00:07:11
water-insoluble base exhibiting an
00:07:13
amphoteric character, which means now we
00:07:16
are proving that it can react with an
00:07:18
acid, let’s say if it is nitric
00:07:21
acid all the way inside then an
00:07:25
exchange reaction occurs, it turns out salt
00:07:27
forum no3 Now we determine iron
00:07:31
here
00:07:32
oxidation state plus three means here there
00:07:35
will be three plus no3 we can For acid y
00:07:40
because once one hydrogen remainder minus
00:07:42
will have a charge then there will be ferrum and 3
00:07:45
times here please pay
00:07:47
attention very often inside they are mistaken
00:07:49
they think well, for example, we need
00:07:52
three times and then the children say Well, here there
00:07:55
is a 3 for oxygen, but they didn’t
00:07:58
leave it as is, here it is, there is
00:08:00
no 3. In fact, this
00:08:03
acid residue should be 3 and the
00:08:05
second will be water, check the iron 1 1 and
00:08:11
but 3 piece Acid residue 1 on the right
00:08:13
3 nitric icons put 3 hydrogen left
00:08:17
6 right 2 here we put a three and
00:08:21
check for oxygen Here there are three oxygens
00:08:23
outside the residue and here 3 the resulting
00:08:26
salt will also be called iron nitrate
00:08:31
valence 3 Why should
00:08:36
the valence be indicated for iron since it is an element of
00:08:38
variable valency so we move on to the
00:08:41
fourth
00:08:43
base can react with salts but
00:08:46
salts can react with bases
00:08:49
only if Firstly, they are soluble and
00:08:54
insoluble in water; the bases
00:08:56
cannot enter into this reaction for them; this
00:08:59
reaction is impossible,
00:09:00
but for alkalis it is possible; as a
00:09:03
result of the reaction, a salt plus a
00:09:06
new base is obtained, but the reaction will
00:09:10
only occur if on the right side
00:09:12
something will precipitate, either a salt
00:09:15
or a base, let's give an example, let's
00:09:18
take NaOH and for example take magnesium
00:09:26
so4, so here you definitely need to
00:09:30
make sure whether the taken salt is soluble
00:09:32
in the solubility table. We
00:09:35
can see this, this is a soluble salt. And
00:09:38
since magnesium oh2 is not soluble, we can
00:09:41
feel free to continue writing the equation,
00:09:43
it turns out to be 3so4, check the charges
00:09:48
on sodium plus so42 - This means 32so4 and,
00:09:53
accordingly, magnesium Oh
00:09:57
twice because magnesium has a charge of 2 plus and
00:10:01
your group has a minus, this substance
00:10:04
precipitates, check the coefficients for 31 to
00:10:07
32 to sodium HTML two group H2 and
00:10:11
on the right 2 magnesium one by one and
00:10:15
so411 the resulting new salt is
00:10:21
sodium sulfate and the resulting base is
00:10:26
hydroxide Let's note magnesium hydroxide
00:10:31
But if in this reaction a precipitate would not
00:10:34
form, such a reaction is said to not
00:10:37
occur until the end So now we move on
00:10:40
to the fifth property the base has
00:10:43
decomposition properties. But now
00:10:48
alkalis do not have this reaction; they not
00:10:51
only melt during decomposition when
00:10:54
heated and do not decompose. But for
00:10:57
water-insoluble bases, this reaction is
00:10:59
possible; as a result, the reaction does not
00:11:02
decompose into metal oxide and water; this
00:11:06
reaction can serve as a production from the
00:11:09
water-insoluble bases of the oxides of those
00:11:12
metals which, for example, we cannot
00:11:14
directly obtain the reaction of metal plus
00:11:17
oxygen, for example, we can take
00:11:21
the aura Oh three times, this is gold hydroxide 3 and
00:11:27
under the influence of even slight heating of the
00:11:30
salt, gold hydroxide decomposes into
00:11:34
Aurum 2o3, here the key point for gold is the
00:11:38
valency 3 So it
00:11:41
should be here too 3 and the second will be water, so
00:11:46
we equalize gold 1 here 2 here
00:11:49
we put the two of hydrogen on the left 6 on the right
00:11:53
2 here we put the three and
00:11:56
check for oxygen 6 on the left and 6 on the right it turns out
00:12:00
gold oxide of valency 3 so So
00:12:04
we looked at the properties today
00:12:07
alkalis, water-insoluble bases, I
00:12:10
will only add one point to this plate to this
00:12:12
diagram: if we are talking about
00:12:15
amphoteric
00:12:17
hydroxides, they will behave like bases not in
00:12:22
water, this is what we showed and
00:12:24
to these properties the only thing added is
00:12:27
that they can react, for example,
00:12:29
with alkalis But then they will behave
00:12:32
as if they interact like acids.
00:12:35
That is, for example, if we took
00:12:37
aluminum three times, then this substance
00:12:40
can react, for example, with
00:12:43
bareo h2s on trash and behave like an
00:12:46
acid insoluble in water; this is a
00:12:49
manifestation of amphoteric properties, but the
00:12:52
properties Today we examined the remaining types of bases. I
00:12:55
hope this diagram
00:12:57
will allow you to cope with
00:13:00
reaction equations that suggest
00:13:03
determining the possibility of such reactions for
00:13:06
bases. Therefore, I think that
00:13:09
you will be able to do such tasks. Well, that’s
00:13:12
all for today, goodbye guys
00:13:15
[music]
00:13:24
[music]

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