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ЗАБЫТЫЕ ВОЙНЫ РОССИИ. ПОГРАНИЧНЫЕ ВОЙНЫ. ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОЕКТ

ЗАБЫТЫЕ ВОЙНЫ РОССИИ. ПОГРАНИЧНЫЕ ВОЙНЫ. ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОЕКТ

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Спорт, спорт, спорт (документальный, реж. Элем Климов, 1970 г.)

Спорт, спорт, спорт (документальный, реж. Элем Климов, 1970 г.)

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ПРОЕКТ «ВЕЛИКАЯ ВОЙНА» РАССКАЗЫВАЕТ О НАИБОЛЕЕ ЗНАЧИМЫХ СОБЫТИЯХ И СРАЖЕНИЯХ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ.

ПРОЕКТ «ВЕЛИКАЯ ВОЙНА» РАССКАЗЫВАЕТ О НАИБОЛЕЕ ЗНАЧИМЫХ СОБЫТИЯХ И СРАЖЕНИЯХ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ.

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ЗЕМЛЯ. 4 серия. Документальный Фильм. Докудрама. Лучшие Сериалы

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Дело Декабристов. 1 Серия. Документальный Фильм. Докудрама. StarMedia

Дело Декабристов. 1 Серия. Документальный Фильм. Докудрама. StarMedia

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ЗАБЫТЫЕ ВОЙНЫ РОССИИ

исторический фильм

история России

Докудрама

Star Media

00:00:06

[music]

00:00:12

[applause]

00:00:15

[music]

00:00:16

[applause]

00:00:17

[music]

00:00:32

in

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1733,

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troops from the

00:00:39

armies of Spain and France, Austria and

00:00:42

Prussia were moving across Europe; regiments of the German Italian

00:00:45

states entered into a war that engulfed the

00:00:47

entire continent

00:00:51

[applause]

00:00:52

its cause was a seemingly ordinary

00:00:55

event

00:00:56

the choice of the new king of Poland,

00:00:59

but the future of Europe really depended on who would become the new Polish

00:01:02

monarch

00:01:05

for Russia; this question was no less

00:01:08

pressing what Polish politics would be like under the

00:01:11

new king; would the

00:01:13

oppression of Orthodox

00:01:16

Christians in Poland stop? Will Poland itself become

00:01:18

allies or will it leave its territory again?

00:01:21

the threat of a military invasion

00:01:25

in order to defend the security of the Russian

00:01:28

state the government of Empress

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Anna Ioannovna was forced to send

00:01:32

troops to Poland

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so a large-scale military conflict flared up, which

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went down in history as the War of the

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Polish Succession

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[music] [music]

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[applause]

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Russia and Poland are two strong neighbors 2 before

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in them rival, the peace between them was often

00:02:29

replaced by disputes over the borders of their

00:02:31

possessions at the beginning of the 17th century, Poland

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intervened in the Russian unrest and King

00:02:37

Sigismund

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3 even invaded the Moscow state

00:02:41

after a series of wars, Russia conquered

00:02:44

Kiev and the entire left-bank Ukraine from the Poles,

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since that time the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is the most a

00:02:51

large state in Europe began to

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decline, the

00:02:58

commonwealth

00:02:59

federation of the Kingdom of Poland and the

00:03:01

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

00:03:04

existed from

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1569 to

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1795, after which it was liquidated

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as a state and its territory was

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divided between Russia and Prussia and

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Austria

00:03:17

was located on the territory of modern

00:03:19

Poland, Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania, as

00:03:22

well as parts of the Russian Latvian

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Estonian Moldavian and Slovak lands

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name the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth literal

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translation into Polish of the Latin

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expression republic, that is, a common cause

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or republic

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[music] the

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title of monarchs of Poland was assigned based on the

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results of elections in which

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all the Polish nobility participated,

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sometimes thousands of people gathered for the elections

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and voting took place in an open

00:03:58

field with noise, shouts and scandals,

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sometimes the choice turned out to be successful and the throne was

00:04:07

occupied by an outstanding person such as

00:04:10

Sobieski, a commander who defeated the

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Turkish army and saved Europe from the

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Ottoman invasion

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in

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1696, the king's number place on the throne

00:04:21

turned out to be vacant,

00:04:26

two candidates applied for the vacant seat the

00:04:29

French prince François Louis de Bourbon

00:04:32

calques and the ruler of German Saxony,

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Friedrich August, who bore the title of Elector,

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part of the nobility leaned towards the

00:04:44

prince of the cult, I hope that the

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French representative will be

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completely dependent on the Sejm, the meeting of the

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Polish gentry,

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but this candidacy had a significant

00:04:55

drawback:

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France is far away and troops are unlikely Will

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Poland be provided with timely assistance? The

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arguments of the Saxons looked more

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convincing. Frederick August had a

00:05:09

combat-ready army and the allies had

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the Russian Tsar Peter the Great. The

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confrontation in the elections almost

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led to a civil war, but in the end the

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German Elector received the crown

00:05:27

under the name of August 2. He held

00:05:30

two states of Saxony at once and a speech. In the

00:05:32

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the

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Northern War soon began between

00:05:36

Russia and Sweden, Frederick Augustus became

00:05:39

the strongest of the Russian allies and the

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Swedish king Charles the Twelfth

00:05:44

invaded Poland with his army. The

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Polish army suffered defeat after

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defeat. The Poles were

00:05:54

dissatisfied with this; the Poles declared their

00:05:57

king deposed;

00:06:01

Stanislav Leszczynski was elected in his place

00:06:04

[music]

00:06:11

Stanislav Leszczynski, a

00:06:13

descendant of an ancient Polish noble

00:06:16

family, at the beginning of the Northern War, held the

00:06:19

position of Poznan voivode. After

00:06:22

the overthrow of August 2, he was sent to the

00:06:25

court of the Swedish king on a diplomatic

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mission and so impressed Charles the

00:06:30

12th that he nominated him

00:06:32

for the Polish throne

00:06:39

[music]

00:06:44

Leszczynski's reign turned out to be

00:06:46

short-lived on

00:06:47

June 27, 1709, the Russians defeated the

00:06:52

Swedish army near Poltava; this victory of

00:06:55

Peter the Great immediately changed the

00:06:56

balance of power in Europe

00:07:02

with the support of the Russian army. August 2

00:07:05

regained his crown and Leszczynski fled to

00:07:08

France. Since

00:07:09

then, for almost a quarter of a century, the Polish

00:07:12

throne was occupied by King Augustus, his

00:07:14

contemporaries gave him Nicknamed strong,

00:07:17

he easily broke horseshoes and bent silver

00:07:20

coins, and besides, he was distinguished in treating the

00:07:23

female sex.

00:07:25

There were stories throughout Europe about the adventures of a

00:07:29

king who allegedly left behind

00:07:31

three and a half hundred illegitimate

00:07:34

children.

00:07:36

The only legitimate son of the king was

00:07:39

not distinguished by any special talents. His name was Friedrich

00:07:42

August. and his father, it was he who became one

00:07:45

of the key figures in the new war in which the

00:07:48

European powers were drawn in.

00:08:01

Nikolai, Erzin became an officer,

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the years spent in his parents' house were recently behind him,

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he grew up, received an education,

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acquired military skills, everything was as it should be for a

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noble son,

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and then the time came for parting, the young

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man I left for the army with anxiety, because the

00:08:25

first rank was assigned with the approval of the

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officers of the regiment; whether they would consider it

00:08:35

worthy or not, the young man was worried about the

00:08:38

world,

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but the worries were in vain; the

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service began; the young ensign

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tried to show himself from the best side;

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his dragoon regiment stood in Ukraine

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very close; the wild field

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separating him was worried; the Russian empire from the

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Crimean Khanate,

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from century to century, the Tatars made

00:09:09

raids on Russian lands from there and gave no

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rest, and now attacking the Ukrainian

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short, taking their inhabitants into captivity, Zin himself,

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who senses the world, has not yet had the opportunity to

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deal with the enemy while he was only

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listening to the stories of his colleagues and in

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skirmishes

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he listened to the end and was worried whether he would be able to

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show himself in battle,

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but this had to be postponed;

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the regiment was ordered to march to Poland

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[music] On

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February 1,

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1733, King Augustus

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the Strong died and this death became the beginning of a

00:09:57

series of international conflicts

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[music]

00:10:06

about the well-being August 2

00:10:08

had worsened, it had been known for a long time

00:10:10

several years before his death,

00:10:12

St. Petersburg and Vienna began

00:10:14

diplomatic consultations, the

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Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth divided the lands of the two

00:10:21

allied powers of Russia and Austria in the event of

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war, the problem arose whether

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the Poles would agree to freely allow

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troops on both sides

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for the Austrian Emperor Charles 6 and

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for the Russian Empress Anna Ioannovna it

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was extremely important to have a

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friendly government in the neighboring state

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Anna Ioannovna Russian empress from the

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Romanov dynasty

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4 daughter of Tsar Ivan 5 brother and co-ruler of

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Peter the Great Duchess of Courland and in

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1730 after the death of Emperor Peter

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2 took the Russian throne at the

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invitation of a group of influential

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aristocrats the Supreme Privy Council

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arrived in Moscow, contrary to the agreements,

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dissolved the council and restored

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autocratic power during her

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reign, an extensive

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reform of the Russian fleet was carried out, shipbuilding developed,

00:11:35

the question of who would take the Polish throne

00:11:37

was extremely important for Russia

00:11:44

in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth itself,

00:11:47

persecution of Orthodox residents who

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were under under the patronage of the

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Russian crown,

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they were outlawed and deprived of

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civil rights, which violated the terms of the

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so-called eternal peace

00:12:06

concluded between Russia and Poland;

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meanwhile, the exiled country, Stanislav

00:12:15

Leszczynski, again gained political weight;

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he became related to the French king

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Louis 15; he married his daughter to him,

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now behind Leszczynski’s back.

00:12:29

France was hostile and Russia and Austria

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in

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St. Petersburg and Vienna understood the impending

00:12:41

danger and were preparing to resist the

00:12:43

return of Leshchinsky,

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if even force and weapons were needed, the

00:12:57

new king of Poland still had to be

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chosen on 7 and show in the absence of a

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monarch, the country was governed by a

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primate, that is, the head of the Catholic Church of the

00:13:09

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the

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Count Theodore Pototsky

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Theodore Pototsky was born in Moscow his

00:13:19

father was a Polish prisoner who

00:13:21

enjoyed the favor of Tsar

00:13:23

Alexei Mikhailovich

00:13:25

and his mother was the daughter of a Moscow boyar

00:13:27

Saltykov the door was baptized in the

00:13:30

Orthodox rite and named Fedor

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after moving to Poland the parents

00:13:36

converted their son to the Latin faith and sent him

00:13:39

away to school

00:13:43

Potocki first of all dissolved the guard of the

00:13:46

late king, Saxon himself

00:13:49

ordered everyone who were in the country to immediately

00:13:51

leave its borders, but

00:13:55

when Potocki let slip that he

00:13:57

wanted to see Stanislav Leszczynski on the throne,

00:14:03

the wariness of the Russian government

00:14:04

grew into alarm, the

00:14:11

cabinet of ministers of the Russian Empire

00:14:13

gathered for an emergency meeting, the

00:14:16

Russian army moved to the Polish border,

00:14:18

but first they decided to influence the outcome of the

00:14:20

royal elections in a proven way

00:14:22

with the help of money,

00:14:25

they were going to use gold, and in Vienna, the

00:14:28

Austrian Emperor Charles 6 and the Russian

00:14:31

Empress Anna Ioannovna came to the

00:14:33

general conclusion that

00:14:35

only the party of the

00:14:37

Saxon Elector Friedrich August 3 could fight back Leshchinsky's supporter, the

00:14:40

Saxons of

00:14:41

Friedrich supported and significant

00:14:44

part of the Polish-Lithuanian gentry,

00:14:46

meanwhile, Theodore Potocki openly

00:14:48

campaigned for the Polish nobility for

00:14:50

Leszczynski, hoping in this way to strengthen

00:14:53

his influence. In

00:14:57

August

00:14:58

1733, military squadrons set sail from the shores of France; a

00:15:06

richly dressed man boarded the flagship; many were

00:15:09

sure that this nobleman himself, Stanislav

00:15:12

Leszczynski, was not argued only a few

00:15:15

initiates knew that in front of them was not a

00:15:17

Pole but a Frenchman Count D 3 Ange

00:15:25

Stanislav Leszczynski himself made his way to his

00:15:27

homeland by land,

00:15:29

donning modest clothes, he got into a

00:15:32

carriage in Paris and, under the guise of a cubic

00:15:34

clerk, got to Warsaw

00:15:36

there, without attracting attention to himself, he took refuge

00:15:39

in the house the French ambassador, expecting his

00:15:42

election to the Polish throne

00:15:47

at that time, Russia had already concentrated a

00:15:51

35 thousand army on the border with Poland, the

00:15:54

Austrians were gathering forces, Saxony promised to support them,

00:15:57

the war was inevitable

00:16:08

in July

00:16:09

1733, the Russians set out on a campaign,

00:16:14

their path lay through the eastern region of the

00:16:16

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the territory of the Grand

00:16:19

Duchy of Lithuania

00:16:21

In addition to Lithuanians, Ukrainians

00:16:24

and Belarusians lived here, mostly Orthodox;

00:16:27

they had long complained about oppression

00:16:29

by Catholics and turned to

00:16:32

outsiders asking for protection,

00:16:37

so the Russian army did not meet

00:16:39

any resistance; local residents did not

00:16:42

hide their joy at the sight of Russian soldiers

00:16:44

and officers and

00:16:48

near Warsaw and the election of the king had already begun,

00:16:52

tens of thousands of people gathered in an open field for eight

00:16:56

hours in the pouring

00:16:58

rain, Theodore Pototsky walked around the ranks of

00:17:01

voters and asked which of

00:17:03

the candidates they wanted to support,

00:17:05

to those who did not want to see Leshchinsky on the throne,

00:17:07

he tried not to approach

00:17:09

them, they were simply not given the floor, so over

00:17:12

the field merging with the sound of the corpse carried

00:17:15

the only key long live

00:17:17

Stanislav

00:17:21

so Leszczynski was declared the Polish

00:17:23

king for the second time, however his

00:17:25

triumph was short-lived Russian troops

00:17:28

were approaching Warsaw

00:17:35

the beginning of the campaign became a complete disappointment for Che Mirzin,

00:17:39

he was ready to rush into battle to

00:17:42

show his own prowess the enemy

00:17:45

was not visible

00:17:48

instead of Polish soldiers, the young ensign

00:17:52

met only peasants who

00:17:54

looked with curiosity at the Russians at their

00:17:57

quarters, he listened to the stories of Orthodox

00:17:59

priests and complaints about the outrages of

00:18:01

Catholics,

00:18:06

it was raining, the roads were bad, it

00:18:09

became increasingly difficult to move forward, and soon the

00:18:12

troops stopped completely, it

00:18:21

turned out that the Poles had destroyed the bridge

00:18:23

across the river

00:18:25

while the crossing was being repaired, the ensign

00:18:28

went to the shore where he first saw

00:18:31

the commander of the Russian army General

00:18:33

lassie

00:18:37

[music]

00:18:38

Lasse Peter Petrovich

00:18:41

Field Marshal Russian commander

00:18:43

native of Ireland real name Pierce

00:18:47

Edmond Dallas after a forced escape

00:18:50

from Ireland served in France and Austria

00:18:53

then became under the banner of Peter 1 participant

00:18:56

in the northern Russian-Turkish war and a number of

00:18:59

other companies at the beginning of the Polish war

00:19:02

bore the rank of

00:19:03

general-in-chief,

00:19:09

now Lasse led his army to Warsaw

00:19:13

because of the mud, the movement was

00:19:15

slow, but Peter Petrovich was in no

00:19:18

hurry, the soldier was sitting, he took them by force, they

00:19:21

felt care and they paid the general with

00:19:24

sincere love On

00:19:27

September 20,

00:19:29

1733, Russian troops approached the

00:19:31

Polish capital

00:19:33

[music] did

00:19:35

not rush to storm the Lasse; on his

00:19:39

orders, a cannon battery was installed on the banks of the Vistula;

00:19:41

this was enough to

00:19:44

calm the Poles who tried

00:19:46

to attack the Russians;

00:19:49

Warsaw; the spyglass was clearly visible,

00:19:52

but the order to advance was still not

00:19:55

the news had already arrived about the election of a new

00:19:58

king, who was named Augustus the Third, the

00:20:05

Russians stood and waited, their

00:20:07

colleagues dreamed of catching

00:20:09

Leshchinsky, and the ensign himself wanted

00:20:12

to distinguish himself, but instead of feats, only

00:20:15

guards, the

00:20:21

order to attack came unexpectedly in

00:20:24

the camp, the infantry all at once came to life, the

00:20:27

battle formations of the dragoons were quickly formed the horses were saddled,

00:20:35

the bridge had already been built, all that remained was to

00:20:37

cross the river and break into Warsaw,

00:20:44

the city looked suspiciously quiet,

00:20:47

no one shot, did not prevent the Russians

00:20:48

from crossing to the other side, the streets of the

00:20:51

Polish capital were striking in their emptiness,

00:20:53

the inhabitants hid in their homes and again there was not the

00:20:56

slightest trace of the enemy,

00:20:59

so unhindered the ensign and

00:21:02

his The regiment entered the Polish capital

00:21:06

only later he learned that a few

00:21:09

days before this, another part of the Russian troops

00:21:12

made a roundabout maneuver and delivered a

00:21:14

sudden attack on Warsaw.

00:21:17

Leszczynski’s supporters fled practically without a fight, and

00:21:20

even earlier Pan Stanislav himself had left the city

00:21:25

[music]

00:21:31

Leszczynski did not rely on his the army

00:21:34

the Poles still preferred to fight according to the

00:21:36

ancient custom

00:21:40

according to the old tradition during the war,

00:21:42

the creation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth gathered detachments

00:21:45

from servants, armed them and led them to war, this

00:21:49

form of militia was called the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

00:21:51

violation, often these detachments defended

00:21:54

the country, but in the 18th century the outcome of the battle

00:21:58

was decided by the trained regular army

00:22:01

she was from Poland but did not represent serious forces

00:22:07

[music] the

00:22:10

assembled Leszczynski nobles only twirled their

00:22:13

mustaches, rang with sabers and ran away from

00:22:16

Russian troops, so the new king

00:22:19

chose to move to Gdansk without

00:22:21

waiting for the Russians.

00:22:25

Gdansk, a city on the Baltic coast

00:22:27

in 1308, was captured by the knights of the

00:22:31

Teutonic Order and renamed

00:22:35

Danzig in the 14th century became a member of the Hanseatic

00:22:39

trade union in

00:22:42

1466, as a result of the 13-year war,

00:22:45

it was annexed to more and returned to its

00:22:48

original name Gdansk,

00:22:56

this city was a well-

00:22:59

fortified fortress and its proximity to the sea

00:23:01

made it possible to receive help from France, for

00:23:04

which Leszczynski had high

00:23:06

hopes,

00:23:08

however, the French were in no hurry to send

00:23:11

troops, they understood that seeing their

00:23:14

squadron in the Baltic, they would receive a new

00:23:16

enemy in England;

00:23:19

instead, France took advantage of

00:23:22

Austria's participation in Polish affairs as a

00:23:24

plausible pretext and declared

00:23:26

war on it in October

00:23:29

1733, the army of King Louis

00:23:32

XV went on the offensive

00:23:33

against the Austrians was so weak and Poland,

00:23:36

torn apart by internal contradictions,

00:23:39

became the reason for a new conflict

00:23:41

that engulfed half of Europe

00:23:48

at that time Russia could not provide

00:23:51

military support to Austria's allies,

00:23:54

Peter Lasse's troops were occupied with the humility of

00:23:56

Poland,

00:24:01

the country was robbed by Stanislavchik's troops

00:24:04

of what Leszczynski's supporters were called,

00:24:07

almost the entire Polish army

00:24:09

turned into gangs of robbers who

00:24:12

robbed and killed civilians,

00:24:15

more than a month passed in small skirmishes

00:24:18

that exhausted the soldiers.

00:24:24

Finally, on November 29,

00:24:27

1733, the Axis general assembled his corps of

00:24:30

12 thousand dragoon infantry of the Serbian

00:24:34

hussars, Cossacks and Saxons,

00:24:37

then due to the approaching reserves, the number

00:24:40

increased to 17,000, the Russian commander

00:24:44

moved troops on Gdansk where Leszczynski took refuge

00:24:54

here on the shore of the Baltic Sea, covered by the

00:24:57

walls of a powerful fortress, the king

00:24:59

felt well protected

00:25:03

with him, according to various estimates, there were from

00:25:05

twenty to twenty-four and a half

00:25:07

thousand armed supporters, soldiers of the

00:25:11

permanent garrison of the gentry and local

00:25:14

militia

00:25:15

in the city there was no shortage of either

00:25:17

artillery not in ammunition not in

00:25:19

food Leszczynski was sure

00:25:22

that the Russians would not be able to take Gdansk,

00:25:24

the fortifications were recently rebuilt and, according to the

00:25:27

latest engineering science, the walls

00:25:30

became stronger, the number of guns increased,

00:25:36

the new Polish king believed that even

00:25:39

if it was not possible to push the Russians back from the

00:25:41

fortress, France would definitely come

00:25:44

to his rescue,

00:25:45

and in Poland itself he

00:25:47

still had enough supporters

00:25:57

Leshchinsky’s assumption was justified,

00:26:00

Peter Lasse’s corps did not have heavy

00:26:04

artillery and light guns could not

00:26:06

harm the fortifications of

00:26:11

the class and did everything he could, the Russians

00:26:13

occupied the cities without a step grown and stormed and

00:26:16

reached Gdansk on February 8,

00:26:19

1734 they blocked the fortress,

00:26:24

however, St. Petersburg demanded more

00:26:29

since the situation did not change in the

00:26:31

capital they decided to change the commander of the

00:26:33

Russian army in Poland headed by

00:26:36

Field Marshal Minich

00:26:38

Burchard Christoph von Miles

00:26:41

Count General Field Marshal

00:26:45

statesman engineer born in the German

00:26:48

principality of Oldenburg in

00:26:50

1721 switched to Russian service one

00:26:54

of the associates of Peter 1 and the most

00:26:57

famous Russian commanders of the era of

00:26:59

Empress Anna Ioannovna in Russia, his

00:27:03

name was Christopher Antonovich, he was one of the

00:27:06

most noble nobles of the Russian

00:27:08

Empire

00:27:12

[music]

00:27:19

in March

00:27:22

1734, Minikh arrived to the besieging army

00:27:25

and

00:27:26

immediately began active actions,

00:27:30

first of all, it was necessary to decide the question of

00:27:33

heavy artillery, the shortest route

00:27:36

could be delivered through

00:27:38

Prussia, but the Prussian king did not want to

00:27:41

quarrel with the French and categorically

00:27:43

refused to allow military cargo to pass through his lands, they

00:27:45

had to resort to a trick,

00:27:48

the guns were declared postal luggage

00:27:50

intended for Duke Johann

00:27:52

von Saxon, all in health of whom the

00:27:54

commander with the Saxon troops

00:27:57

the mail was missed so at the disposal of the

00:27:59

Russian troops who besieged Danske arrived

00:28:02

3 1 marker and

00:28:05

mortar artillery gun for

00:28:08

mounted firing, that is, for firing

00:28:11

at barrel elevation angles of over 20

00:28:14

degrees, mortars were intended to

00:28:17

hit targets hidden behind walls or in

00:28:20

trenches, their shells often began with

00:28:23

explosives and had great

00:28:24

destructive force falling on the

00:28:27

unprotected roofs of buildings in besieged

00:28:30

fortresses, they were

00:28:31

distinguished by a short wide barrel and

00:28:34

very heavy weight, so the Russian mortar of

00:28:38

1727, having a caliber with a barrel width of 210

00:28:43

millimeters, weighed more than 700 kilograms,

00:28:49

but in order to take the fortress, 3 mortars were

00:28:52

few, minikh sent his cavalry to

00:28:55

recapture the gun from enemy,

00:28:57

he knew that the Marienburg fortress, located 50

00:29:00

kilometers from Donetsk, was

00:29:01

poorly guarded by the Poles;

00:29:05

the Russians put to flight the infantrymen

00:29:08

defending the approaches to Marienburg; they

00:29:10

captured the fortress, removed all the guns from it

00:29:13

and delivered them to the Russian

00:29:15

army, now that heavy artillery

00:29:18

had opened the way for the Russian infantry within

00:29:21

several days they occupied the city

00:29:23

outskirts and captured several field

00:29:25

fortifications

00:29:26

and with them several more cannons;

00:29:35

however, there was not enough ammunition, the

00:29:37

Russians had to collect the cannonballs

00:29:39

that flew to them from the fortress

00:29:41

in order to launch them in the opposite direction,

00:29:44

and

00:29:47

meanwhile the supporters of Stanislav

00:29:49

Leszczynski had been gathering forces to lift the

00:29:52

siege

00:30:02

for several weeks dragons were

00:30:03

inactive,

00:30:06

only infantrymen participated in assault attacks

00:30:09

[music]

00:30:15

the alarm was announced on April 6,

00:30:18

news came that a large Polish

00:30:21

army was coming to the rescue of Gdansk,

00:30:23

dragoons and Cossacks were moved to meet him, and

00:30:26

Lasse was assigned to command the detachment, although

00:30:29

he was removed from the post of commander, he

00:30:31

remained with the army and now brought in a

00:30:34

detachment of three thousand into battle,

00:30:37

dragoons from the French dragon, dragon,

00:30:42

the name of the type of troops in the cavalry, could

00:30:45

equally act with both bladed weapons and

00:30:47

firearms. Dragoons were

00:30:50

trained to fight both on horseback and

00:30:53

on foot as mobile infantry, as

00:30:55

well as in those places where it was difficult for

00:30:57

cavalry to pass in the Russian army. first

00:31:01

appeared under Mikhail Fedorovich

00:31:02

Romanov when, in

00:31:05

1631, the

00:31:08

first dragoon regiment of the

00:31:11

new foreign system was formed from recruited foreigners

00:31:15

[music] the

00:31:21

decisive battle took place near the

00:31:24

town of Viz, the enemy was very outnumbered by

00:31:26

almost 5,000 people, but

00:31:29

this did not bother Lasse, the

00:31:32

officers wondered if the general

00:31:35

was really going to go to attack without infantry with

00:31:38

one cavalry Chen Il Sen was surprised no

00:31:40

less than the others he saw the enemy and

00:31:42

infantrymen and guns thinking than

00:31:45

Razin was interrupted by the order to dismount the dragoons

00:31:49

lined up Lasse was going to deceive the

00:31:52

Poles to show them that there are a lot of narrow ones that

00:31:54

they have not only cavalry but also

00:31:56

infantry

00:32:02

first the Cossacks went into battle; there were

00:32:05

fewer of them and the enemy repulsed the attack,

00:32:09

then the dragoons rushed forward, the

00:32:13

ensign clearly heard the blood

00:32:16

pounding in his temples, he was finally

00:32:18

participating in a big battle, the

00:32:20

enemies lost formation and fled in horror

00:32:29

when the battle died down,

00:32:31

hundreds of corpses were left lying on the battlefield,

00:32:33

victory was Completely

00:32:42

this defeat showed that sushi

00:32:45

Dansk's help would not come, but in the fortress they were expecting a

00:32:48

French squadron with a landing force; the Russian

00:32:51

fleet that could block its path was

00:32:53

just about to leave Kronstadt;

00:32:57

Minik knew about this and decided to storm the

00:32:59

Polish fortifications in order to be in time before the

00:33:01

French arrived

00:33:04

at night on April 29, he threw troops into an

00:33:09

attack, the enemy was knocked out of the trenches in front of the city walls,

00:33:15

and then it turned out that

00:33:17

no one was commanding the attackers

00:33:19

in the first minutes of the assault, many officers died;

00:33:26

the soldiers captured the enemy trenches and from the

00:33:28

fortress they were hit with murderous

00:33:30

artillery fire; the

00:33:34

Russians died but refused to abandon their occupied positions.

00:33:37

they were sent to

00:33:40

the front line by 1 adjutant after another, but the

00:33:42

Russians remained in place,

00:33:44

then Lasse went to them, only he

00:33:48

was able to persuade the soldiers to retreat, their beloved

00:33:51

general listened to

00:33:56

this unsuccessful assault, the Russian army cost

00:33:59

673 killed and almost one and a half thousand

00:34:02

wounded,

00:34:10

and when dawn came to the roadstead of Gdansk, the

00:34:13

French squadron of

00:34:16

Louis appeared 15 sent

00:34:19

11 battleships of frigates with

00:34:21

two and a half thousand people on

00:34:23

board to the aid of his father-in-law, but these were soldiers of the

00:34:26

best regiments of France,

00:34:32

however, the shadows were burning with the desire to fight

00:34:34

for the Polish king. After landing,

00:34:36

Leszczynski’s allies looked around,

00:34:38

conferred, then boarded the ship again

00:34:41

and headed back

00:34:44

to the besieged city came in despair,

00:34:50

only thanks to diplomatic

00:34:52

intervention it was possible to deploy the

00:34:54

French squadron and make a

00:34:56

second landing;

00:35:01

on the same day, reinforcements came to the

00:35:04

Russian Saxon troops of the dukes. With

00:35:13

six

00:35:15

guns and a huge amount of

00:35:17

ammunition, the

00:35:22

sides waited for two weeks, finally

00:35:24

the French attacked the Russian camp,

00:35:26

hoping to break into the besieged city,

00:35:30

the first that through the impenetrable darkness

00:35:32

heard what the Erzins were commands in

00:35:34

French,

00:35:38

some of the dragoons immediately took flight, the

00:35:41

rest managed to gather and fight back, the

00:35:46

French began to prepare for a new

00:35:48

Tossing

00:35:50

the ensign, he looked at the soldiers in

00:35:53

previously unseen uniforms and involuntarily admired their

00:35:55

firm bearing, now they are forming up,

00:35:57

loading their guns, now there will be a volley, but

00:36:01

instead only a few

00:36:03

single shots were fired,

00:36:07

and then the Russians opened fire,

00:36:16

the enemy began to retreat, Chen-il-sen and his

00:36:20

comrades rushed to attack the

00:36:21

enemy camp was taken by a detachment

00:36:25

that arrived to help the Finnish, whether the

00:36:26

French brigadier commanded the lamas,

00:36:29

he gave opirus from the very beginning, he

00:36:31

expressed doubts about the success of the operation,

00:36:33

the officer believed that his forces were too small

00:36:36

and he would not help King Stanislav in any way,

00:36:39

but the Comte de Plata, the French ambassador to

00:36:42

Denmark, arrived to the troops and insisted on the

00:36:44

attack and La Perouse was forced to

00:36:46

submit

00:36:48

to the offensive, the soldier Paul himself, the Count of

00:36:52

Plate,

00:36:55

in order to get close to the Russians unnoticed, he

00:36:58

took a Polish guide, as it turned out,

00:37:00

he was not very well versed in the

00:37:02

terrain, first he led the French into a

00:37:05

swamp and then led them directly to the positions of the

00:37:08

Russian troops, but to At this time, the

00:37:11

French had a magician and they were unable to

00:37:13

fire the French, they defeated the count of doplela,

00:37:16

he died, this is how the first battle in the history

00:37:19

between soldiers of Russia and

00:37:21

France ended,

00:37:28

Minich reported to the empress, Russian

00:37:32

soldiers and officers

00:37:35

showed great courage and joy in all actions and did

00:37:39

not want anything more than so that the French would

00:37:42

come another time and have a taste; meanwhile, the

00:37:54

Russian fleet of 14 battleships and

00:37:57

nine frigates, as well as several small

00:37:59

ships, arrived on the shores of Gdansk.

00:38:07

Sailing battleships were used in

00:38:09

naval battles from the 17th to the mid-19th century, the

00:38:13

number of their crews ranged from

00:38:16

300 to 800 people and armament

00:38:20

from 52 to 100 guns frigates differed

00:38:25

from battleships in their smaller size

00:38:27

as well as the number and caliber of

00:38:29

artillery weapons

00:38:36

dansk was in a naval blockade now

00:38:39

and the artillery was hitting the fortress and land and from the

00:38:42

sea things were

00:38:47

even worse for the French

00:38:50

after the disastrous attacks of the kraft they

00:38:54

retreated to a deserted island that was

00:38:56

completely under fire from Russian

00:38:58

guns, the French soldiers suffered from

00:39:00

hunger and disease,

00:39:04

the situation was hopeless and lamoda

00:39:07

La Perouse gathered officers for a military council,

00:39:11

most of the officers spoke in favor of

00:39:13

capitulation and soon the French laid down their

00:39:16

arms, however, the Russians surrounded the

00:39:18

defeated officers with warmth and care and

00:39:21

sent them to St. Petersburg where they were welcomed

00:39:24

[ __ ] the empress

00:39:26

after that the French returned home

00:39:28

leaving the Russians with a noble trophy 30

00:39:31

gun frigate two small ships 103

00:39:35

guns and 5 marker

00:39:37

[music]

00:39:39

Leszczynski, having learned about the surrender of the

00:39:41

French landing, realized that he had lost to

00:39:44

stay in Gdansk there was no

00:39:46

point in the

00:39:47

scattered

00:39:50

detachments of his supporters still resisting, but it was too early or

00:39:52

later they were expected to be defeated by the Russians, the

00:40:00

former king, disguised as a simple

00:40:02

peasant, fled from the fortress,

00:40:05

soon capitulated and the entire garrison,

00:40:13

after the surrender of Gdansk, was captured by the

00:40:16

primate Count Feodor Potocki and the

00:40:19

French minister Marquis de Monte, as

00:40:22

well as Polish military dummies

00:40:25

1197 mercenaries

00:40:28

2147 French soldiers and 5 Polish

00:40:32

regiments, an

00:40:34

indemnity of 2 million thalers was imposed on the city; the Russians

00:40:38

received 114 fortress guns with

00:40:41

ammunition and

00:40:43

1,130 pounds of gunpowder;

00:40:54

the regiment of Chen and Sen had already left the

00:40:57

outskirts of Gdansk when the minik asked the

00:41:00

regimental commanders which of their officers

00:41:02

spoke German well; a translator was needed

00:41:05

to translate into pen

00:41:07

conditions of surrender the

00:41:08

chief of Chen Il Sung pointed to the young

00:41:11

ensign

00:41:14

then who did you find yourself face to face with the

00:41:16

commander hci world zin didn’t

00:41:19

like me

00:41:20

arrogant he’s some kind of not a soldier not

00:41:23

officers don’t hold people for people remembered

00:41:25

and rumors that were circulating in the army

00:41:27

[music]

00:41:29

but to me they were in a secret conspiracy with

00:41:31

Leszczynski, he poured out

00:41:34

the gold with a generous hand and the commander allowed the king to

00:41:37

escape, it cannot be that the

00:41:39

Russian film marshal encroached on the

00:41:41

gold, besides, Minich is rich, why does he need

00:41:44

all this,

00:41:47

reasoning like this, Che Mersin calmed down

00:41:55

[music]

00:41:57

leaving Gdansk he turned around several times

00:41:59

the fortress became

00:42:01

smaller and smaller until it completely disappeared

00:42:04

from sight

00:42:12

Leshchinsky again, like a quarter of a century

00:42:14

ago, left Poland, however, the gentry who

00:42:17

elected him as king refused

00:42:19

to recognize August 3 as their monarchs, the brigade

00:42:21

detachments did not give respite to the

00:42:24

Russian command; it

00:42:25

was difficult to defeat them; the Poles

00:42:28

avoided open confrontation but

00:42:30

if the battle did happen, the Russians

00:42:33

invariably emerged victorious

00:42:38

[music]

00:42:40

without firing a shot, the city of Brody in

00:42:43

Galicia surrendered for only a few days,

00:42:45

the barrage resisted and then threw out the

00:42:48

white flag, it took the Russians more than six months

00:42:51

to calm the Polish lords,

00:42:54

finally on December 25,

00:42:57

1734, August 3 was crowned in Krakow

00:43:02

now when Russia's hands were free,

00:43:05

it was time to help the Austrian allies

00:43:08

who were fighting the French army.

00:43:12

Austria's troops were noticeably inferior in

00:43:14

numbers to the French; in addition, the

00:43:16

Austrian regiments were poorly trained in the

00:43:21

spring of

00:43:23

1735, the corps under the command of

00:43:25

General Lasse arrived at the disposal of the

00:43:27

Austrian commander-in-chief, Eugene

00:43:30

of Savoy, Lasse reported to the Empress

00:43:35

soldiers in food they had no needs and

00:43:37

no one had any complaints about the army

00:43:40

in these parts, they are very

00:43:43

surprised that the large army

00:43:44

is kept in such good order from

00:43:47

distant places, many come to see

00:43:50

our army, the

00:43:53

arrival of the Russian corps made

00:43:55

such a strong impression on the

00:43:57

French that they actually stopped

00:44:00

fighting and in the fall of the same year,

00:44:03

they concluded peace with Austria. The

00:44:11

Rhine Company became a pleasure walk for Nicholas Chen-

00:44:14

Irsen.

00:44:20

In Austria, the Russians had an enthusiastic

00:44:22

meeting and then a parade, which was hosted by the

00:44:25

commander-in-chief Eugene of Savoy

00:44:27

[music]

00:44:30

in December

00:44:31

1735, without ever crossing arms with the

00:44:34

enemy Russian the army left the possession of the

00:44:37

Austrian emperor; Russia achieved

00:44:40

its goals by forcing Stanislav

00:44:42

Leszczynski to once and for all renounce his

00:44:45

claims to the Polish crown;

00:44:46

St. Petersburg strengthened its influence on Poland

00:44:49

and strengthened its international position;

00:44:59

in the northeast of France, the

00:45:02

French themselves were also satisfied; they

00:45:06

managed to annex part of the Austrian lands to their possessions,

00:45:11

but they could not create a threat to Russia in the person of

00:45:14

puppet Poland, so the end was put in the

00:45:17

War of the

00:45:19

Polish Succession,

00:45:22

before the Lasse corps had time to cross the Russian

00:45:26

border, a new war broke out with

00:45:28

by the Turks,

00:45:31

Lasse, who received the rank

00:45:32

of field marshal, moved to Azov

00:45:35

to recapture this fortress from the enemy,

00:45:37

accompanied by him and Nikolaich and Mersin,

00:45:40

the fortress surrendered two days after the

00:45:42

start of the storm with his nose than Erzin was

00:45:45

mortally wounded in battle

00:45:47

[music]

00:45:57

his parents never saw

00:45:59

their grown-up man alive Shiva’s son,

00:46:03

how did millions of

00:46:05

other fathers and mothers whose children gave

00:46:08

their lives for their homeland and in memorable and

00:46:11

today and in forgotten wars not see their sons

00:46:14

[music]

00:46:15

[applause]

00:46:17

[music]

00:46:28

[music]

00:46:37

[music]

00:46:48

[music]

Description:

Дорогие зрители! Рады сообщить, что теперь ваши любимые проекты доступны в формате аудиокниг 🎶: 📖🔊 «НУЛЕВАЯ МИРОВАЯ»: https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_lpyjVHr3rM8QC92K6GtAuMzw1C7dPBPSM 📖🔊 «ВЕЛИКИЕ БИТВЫ РОССИИ»: https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_njKBE_eiZTxmq5YxZ75zn1y_GogvjRry4 📖🔊 «ПОДЛИННАЯ ИСТОРИЯ РУССКОЙ РЕВОЛЮЦИИ»: https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_lhDR8wTGLr1f9bHJUFMl4NdQCHKeVB9zk 📖🔊 «ВЕЛИКАЯ ВОЙНА»: https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_k_-TrE3n5gWKeGszSKb2pakFQAVBda0YM Желаем приятного прослушивания 🎧 https://www.youtube.com/starmedia Лучшие русские и зарубежные фильмы, сериалы всех жанров. https://www.youtube.com/user/starmedia/playlists?shelf_id=43&view=50&sort=dd Здесь только хорошее кино: мелодрамы, драмы, детективы, комедии, ужасы, документальные фильмы в хорошем качестве! Все серии сериала: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhuA9d7RIOdZrQrddyDTZUhmWqeZkbiec Год производства: 2018 (1 сезон) Страна: Россия Жанр: документальный, военный, драма, история Слоган: — Режиссер: Павел Сергацков Сценарий: Дмитрий Володихин, Василий Шевцов, Александр Данилов Продюсер: Валерий Бабич, Влад Ряшин В главных ролях: Дмитрий Митюрич, Елена Лагута, Юрий Миронцев, Альбина Кубрикова, Олег Ефремов, Антон Александров, Вилен Бабичев «Забытые войны России» - это цикл документально-игровых фильмов о вооруженных конфликтах, в которые вступало Российское государство со времён крещения Руси до отечественной войны 1812 года. За эти годы России противостояли сильнейшие державы: Византия, Швеция, Османская империя, Персия, Золотая орда… Зритель узнает об особенностях вооружения и тактиках ведения боя на разных этапах отечественной истории, увидит реконструкцию неизвестных сражений Кутузова и Багратиона, Богдана Хмельницкого и Дениса Давыдова, Владимира Мономаха и Святослава Мудрого. Цикл состоит из 12 серий, каждая из которых посвящена истории одной войны. Давно ушедшие времена и события оживают на экране в осадах и погонях, блеске металла и пушечном дыме, в политических интригах и в драме человеческой жизни на войне. Список серий: Походы Святослава Войны Мономаха Неизвестная Орда Литовско-московские войны Ливонская война Смутное время. Смоленская оборона Азовское осадное сидение Войны Алексея Михайловича Война на польское наследство Русско-персидская война Русско-шведская война Русско-турецкая война 1806-1812 годов Онлайн-кинотеатр StarMedia на YouTube https://www.youtube.com/starmedia Смотреть онлайн фильмы и сериалы бесплатно в хорошем качестве. Star Media в социальных сетях: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser https://vk.com/starmediafilm https://ok.ru/starmedia https://workspaceupdates.googleblog.com/2023/04/new-community-features-for-google-chat-and-an-update-currents%20.html StarmediafilmRu https://twitter.com/StarMedia_2006 https://www.linkedin.com/company/%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-star-media- #StarMedia

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