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  • ruRussian
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00:00:03
[music]
00:00:09
[music]
00:00:12
hello the topic of our lesson today is
00:00:16
why the welfare state of the USSR
00:00:19
experienced an economic crisis in
00:00:23
1970-80 the purpose of our lesson is
00:00:29
to characterize changes in the social
00:00:31
sphere in the seventies and eighties
00:00:33
using the concept of a
00:00:35
welfare state to interpret the
00:00:38
economic development of countries in the second
00:00:40
half of the twentieth century using the
00:00:42
concept of inflation crisis stagnation
00:00:46
interpret and justify the
00:00:48
effectiveness of economic systems the
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cold war led to a split of the world into
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two camps to the east and west
00:00:56
the achievement of the Soviet Union in these years
00:00:59
they were certainly in the Soviet Union
00:01:01
there was free medicine and there was
00:01:03
free education the victory of the Soviet
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Union in the Second World War
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it strengthened the growth of popularity of the USSR for
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Western countries, such
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influence of the Soviet Union in the world was unprofitable and
00:01:19
therefore Western countries had to look for
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a way out; they needed to give their citizens the
00:01:24
same social guarantees such as were
00:01:27
in the Soviet Union and therefore, after the Second
00:01:30
World War, a
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welfare state or
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welfare state was created in Western countries this is
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a state that guarantees its
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citizens a
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certain level of social
00:01:42
security and well-being while
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maintaining a market economy. The idea that people
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deserve social guarantees has been in the air for
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a long time, but in the 19th century there was a clear
00:01:56
position that a person should take care of himself;
00:01:59
if a person needed help, he
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could only count on help from
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some private charitable
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organizations, but in the 20th century the situation
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changed, first there was a global
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economic crisis, then there was
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Roosevelt’s New Deal, and in the end there was the experience of the
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Soviet Union after the Second World
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War, an economic boom began in Western countries,
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Germany, Italy managed to
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raise their economy by increasing it by 4
00:02:29
times Japan and France almost doubled their economic growth;
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Great Britain slightly less than
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doubled by 1950 the level of economic
00:02:41
development reached before the war; the
00:02:44
Cold War, which began at that time,
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gave impetus to the development of the
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military industry; the development of science
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led to the rapid they begin
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to produce televisions and transistor
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receivers, the production of plastics begins, the
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marshal plan that was implemented by the
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United States of America led to the fact
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that European countries received 13
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billion dollars, this money was
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mainly used for the purchase of equipment and
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just this economic boom coincides
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with cheap oil in the Persian Gulf at
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this time they begin to develop
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oil fields,
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the oil was of high quality, it was
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low in cost and the global
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scale of production of this oil
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made it possible to boost the economies of European
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countries, as a result, incomes
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began to rise, expenses began to grow, and
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expenses led to an increase in production. For
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the first time, a situation arose that
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any family was already spending on
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food. less than half of his income,
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about 40 percent of the budget was spent on
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food, the main money was spent on
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buying houses, televisions, cars, the
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50s are the years when the
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welfare state gets on its feet in the USA, this
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period will be called prosperous 50
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60 will be called in the USA stormy 60
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by this time has grown a generation
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that did not know the grief of the global
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economic crisis that did not
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remember the
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horrors of the Second World
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War by 75 the
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welfare state will be formalized in all
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Western countries by this time 60
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percent of the population will have
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unemployment insurance 94 percent
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will be insured against accidents
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and the entire population will have the right for
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medical care and
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pensions, the budgets of all Western
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countries were formed according to the principle that
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most of the budget was spent on
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social expenses and about only 40
00:05:01
percent of the budget was spent on all
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other needs. At this time, the
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regulation of labor relations is taking place;
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if earlier, trade unions of entrepreneurs
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entered into conflict and confrontation, then
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now, due to the fact that wages have been growing,
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entrepreneurs and
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trade unions have come to a consensus, a
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period of cooperation begins. In this
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table you see how hourly
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wages grew in US dollars in
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Western countries, it increased not 1 and
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2 and not three times, but much more than the
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welfare state gave impetus to
00:05:39
the development of democracy,
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democracy lost its position
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when economic
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difficulties were created and then the
00:05:49
totalitarian regime raised its head, the fascists in Italy, the
00:05:52
Nazis in Germany came to power
00:05:54
precisely on the wave of economic difficulties,
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but in the 50-sixties the economy
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flourished and therefore
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democracy flourished in all countries, the
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electoral system was expanded right
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after the First World War, women
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received voting rights only in
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several European countries and the United States
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during the Welfare State in all
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countries women received the
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right to vote and today in all
00:06:25
countries people over 18 years of age
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have such voting rights
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during the Welfare State
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all types are abolished racial
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discrimination in particular in the USA in the
00:06:37
80s and 90s in South Africa, the
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apartheid regime was destroyed and
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Nelson Mandela became the president of South Africa
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in the era of the welfare state, the
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political culture of
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democracy is associated with well-being and
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prosperity, and those parties that advocated
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radical changes in society are
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losing their social base and therefore
00:07:04
switch to terror tactics along this
00:07:07
path, for example, the Irish
00:07:09
Republican Army took the greatest
00:07:12
popularity in the West,
00:07:14
moderate parties gain the greatest popularity, the development of
00:07:18
European integration begins, that is, the
00:07:20
unification in 1951 of the European
00:07:24
states of Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg,
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the Netherlands, Germany and France, create the
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European Coal and Steel Community, the
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unification of European countries there were
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before, but after the First World War
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such associations were of a political
00:07:40
nature, and this association will be the first
00:07:43
association in Europe to solve
00:07:45
economic problems. In 1957, these
00:07:50
same countries will create the European
00:07:53
Economic Community
00:07:55
precisely for the purpose of duty-free trade in
00:07:59
agricultural products in 1973
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to this organization. will include
00:08:07
Great Britain, Denmark and Ireland in the
00:08:09
eighty-first year, Greece in the
00:08:11
eighty-sixth year, Spain in
00:08:16
1992, these countries will sign the
00:08:18
Maastricht Treaty, according to which the
00:08:20
European Union will be created in Europe, the
00:08:23
European Union in the ninety-fifth year
00:08:25
will include Austria, Finland, Sweden,
00:08:28
and in the ninety-ninth year, a
00:08:30
common euro currency will appear in the seventies
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it seemed that the welfare state
00:08:38
was a panacea for all problems it was the key to
00:08:42
heaven enough prosperity would be able
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to solve all problems
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she would make all people equal she expect
00:08:48
all people to be rich but it turned out that the
00:08:51
welfare state was not such a
00:08:54
big opportunity in 1973 and
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strangely the Persian Gulf they increase the price
00:09:02
of oil in
00:09:03
1973, they simply
00:09:05
stop selling it to the United States first in
00:09:08
the hope of forcing the Americans to
00:09:10
stop helping Israel, and then they
00:09:14
increase the price and at the end of the 70s, the price of
00:09:16
oil increased tenfold in
00:09:22
74-75, the world will be hit by another global
00:09:25
economic crisis due to the
00:09:28
economic crisis and rising
00:09:31
oil prices, the price of goods will increase and
00:09:34
economic growth will
00:09:35
either slow down or stop altogether by the
00:09:40
70s, the
00:09:43
post-war generation grew up, which was
00:09:45
very large, and the economies of European
00:09:49
countries and the United States could not provide
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work for
00:09:52
this huge generation of youth 70
00:09:55
1980s, unemployment begins, unemployment
00:09:58
then amounted to 16 million 800 thousand
00:10:01
people,
00:10:03
inflation begins, and in the minds of people,
00:10:07
inflation began to be associated precisely with the
00:10:10
welfare state because
00:10:12
huge
00:10:13
social expenses have devalued money, the
00:10:17
number of people in need of
00:10:20
state assistance is growing, and the capabilities of
00:10:23
the state are becoming less and less
00:10:26
in the wake of dissatisfaction with the state
00:10:30
welfare, people appear who
00:10:32
advocate the abolition of the
00:10:35
welfare state, this phenomenon went down in
00:10:38
history as a conservative wave in 1979, the
00:10:44
representative of the
00:10:46
Conservative party Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister of Great Britain, her
00:10:49
slogan was the phrase equality is not
00:10:53
justice,
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she will come to power with the idea of ​​free
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cheese only in mousetrap
00:10:59
you need to learn save money you
00:11:02
want a pension save money the state does
00:11:05
not owe anything in 1980 the
00:11:11
representative of the Republican party
00:11:13
Ronald Reagan will become the president of the United States he was also a
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representative of the conservative wave
00:11:18
his idea of ​​vagrancy is a personal choice of
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the homeless the state does not owe anyone anything
00:11:26
in 1983 the conservatives lead to power
00:11:31
and in France, in those countries where there was a
00:11:34
large public sector,
00:11:36
privatization is taking place and in all
00:11:38
countries there is a reduction in
00:11:40
public spending, the
00:11:43
welfare state will cease to
00:11:45
exist and now
00:11:47
states of real opportunity will appear, or
00:11:50
as the British and her damn state say,
00:11:54
let's repeat the main provisions of
00:11:56
our today's topic of the state
00:11:59
welfare state is a democratic
00:12:01
state which, while maintaining a
00:12:03
market economy, guarantees its
00:12:05
citizens a certain level of social
00:12:07
security welfare; the formation of the
00:12:10
welfare state occurred in the
00:12:12
forties and fifties; the 60s and
00:12:16
early 70s saw the heyday of the welfare state; the
00:12:21
welfare state will not be able to solve all
00:12:23
problems; the revision of the principles of the
00:12:26
welfare state is called conservative
00:12:28
wave, let's try to complete these
00:12:32
tasks, highlight the reasons for the emergence and
00:12:35
reasons for the weakening of the welfare state, the
00:12:49
reasons for the emergence of the
00:12:51
welfare state, this is the marshal's plan, the
00:12:53
post-war economic boom and
00:12:55
ideology, the TV show, the reasons for abandoning the
00:12:59
welfare state, this is the
00:13:00
increase in oil prices, the decrease in
00:13:02
economic growth and unemployment,
00:13:05
let's try to identify the facts
00:13:08
that characterize the conservative
00:13:10
wave of the eighties,
00:13:24
the conservative wave is the weakening of
00:13:26
government regulation of the economy,
00:13:28
this is privatization and reduction in
00:13:31
public spending, let's
00:13:34
put the events in chronological
00:13:36
order, so first there was a marshal,
00:13:50
then the European Coal and Steel Community is created,
00:13:52
then the Gulf countries
00:13:55
raise oil prices, the
00:13:58
welfare state is abandoned was The
00:14:01
Maastricht Treaty was signed and the
00:14:04
euro was introduced, with this I bid you
00:14:07
farewell
00:14:12
[music]

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Тема урока: Почему «государства благосостояния» и СССР переживали экономический кризис в 1970-1980 годы? /05.03.2021/ С понедельника по пятницу с 09:00-18:00 телевизионные уроки в эфире EL ARNA Запись телеуроков: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDIwNJYcIQ77fZ7Tqrb5myYpNtQbhnA4p https://edu.elarna.kz/ru/tv-lessons

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