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Russian
00:00:04
Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev,00:00:07
perhaps no other name in00:00:10
domestic aviation has such00:00:12
significance as this one, he made history and00:00:16
was part of this history;00:00:19
in the design bureau under his00:00:22
leadership, more than one and a half00:00:24
hundred types of aircraft were created, starting with a00:00:27
small scrap and and1 and ending with a00:00:30
huge supersonic passenger00:00:32
airliner Tu- 14400:00:36
in this sense, life, of course, was00:00:39
creatively very strong, successful, you are still00:00:42
difficult, of course, but creatively successful,00:00:47
I think that none of the designers could00:00:51
repeat this00:00:55
and it is unlikely to00:00:57
happen again because it was 1 protection for the00:01:01
aircraft, the wing area was 1000:01:03
square meters but 500 square00:01:05
meters counting 14400:01:08
[music]00:01:09
on the corner structure there besides00:01:12
let's go in this sense Andrei Nikolaevich00:01:14
with the next designer00:01:19
[music]00:01:28
Andrei Tupolev was born on the Pusto00:01:31
Mazova farm in the Tver province in00:01:33
1888, the family was large,00:01:37
left to his own devices, the teenager00:01:39
enthusiastically made toys00:01:43
in the gymnasium his favorite subject was00:01:45
physics, his interest in this science was aroused in the00:01:49
future designer by the extraordinary00:01:51
teacher Nikolai Fedorovich Platonov00:01:55
from the memoirs of Tupolev, not00:01:58
limiting himself to the gymnasium course, he00:02:01
organized an astronomical club, took00:02:04
us on excursions to the railway,00:02:06
textile factories, performed intricate00:02:09
and fascinating experiments on the mechanics of optics00:02:12
and electricity00:02:16
in 1908 year, Andrei Tupolev successfully passes00:02:20
exams at two higher educational00:02:22
institutions in Moscow at once, the Imperial00:02:25
Technical School, the Institute of Railway Engineers, the00:02:29
young man chose a technical00:02:32
school. It00:02:33
coincided that at that time, within the walls of00:02:36
this school,00:02:39
Russian scientists Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky gave his famous course of lectures,00:02:42
the course was called Theoretical Fundamentals of00:02:46
Aeronautics00:02:48
Zhukovsky’s lectures caused a real00:02:51
stir among the students, people were sitting on00:02:54
the floor standing in the aisles,00:02:58
Andrei Tupolev was among the listeners, he became seriously00:03:01
interested in the ideas of aeronautics00:03:04
[applause]00:03:06
soon the students of the technical school00:03:09
organized an aeronautics club00:03:12
and the first thing they built there was a flame,00:03:16
although it can be called a glider with00:03:19
great by stretch of the imagination, it’s more like something like the00:03:21
current hang glider00:03:24
Tupolev was the first to test this00:03:27
aircraft, the flight was carried out across the00:03:31
Yauza River and ended safely, a00:03:36
real designer needs a00:03:39
feeling of flight, a feeling of how the air00:03:43
holds the flying port,00:03:46
amazingly the flight was very short, but00:03:49
Tupolev carried this feeling throughout00:03:52
his entire life00:03:54
[music]00:03:59
after the gliders, the students took on00:04:02
real aircraft, an exact00:04:05
copy of the aircraft of the French inventor00:04:07
Louis Blériot was built, on which he00:04:10
flew across the English Channel for the first time in history,00:04:13
so if you are asked what00:04:16
Tupolev’s first aircraft was, feel free to answer the00:04:19
Bleriot apparatus and there is nothing shameful in that00:04:25
everyone who later reached00:04:27
the top of their business followed the path and imitated the best examples. It must be00:04:30
said that even then Zhukovsky00:04:33
singled out the fuel from all the students, his00:04:36
makings of a leader, his technical acumen,00:04:39
his enormous ability to work, and00:04:43
while working, it was not Yegorka who00:04:46
took a closer look at the stones and when he decided to make an00:04:50
organic the laboratory exceeded the00:04:52
method of a technical student, he says from a00:04:55
friend stupidly in his hands, it works well, here is the00:04:59
medora of theories to catch up with the00:05:02
laboratory equipment that was still removed, it is unlikely that00:05:07
the beginning of the twentieth century in Russia00:05:09
took place in heated discussions of the fate of the00:05:11
country, students were among the first in00:05:14
political life, underground circles,00:05:17
forbidden literature,00:05:19
Andrei Tupolev was far away because of this, although00:05:22
later in Soviet times he was00:05:24
presented as an active fighter against the tsarist00:05:27
regime, he still devoted himself entirely to00:05:30
scientists00:05:32
from the memoirs of Tupolev, the service that00:05:36
I could provide as a comrade seemed to me00:05:38
so trivial that I would agree00:05:41
I was asked to allow the use of00:05:44
my address for correspondence with others00:05:46
student organizations and00:05:50
tupolev allowed the00:05:52
address of forbidden correspondence, the police00:05:55
figured out quickly and the authorities ordered00:05:57
fuel to leave Moscow, no00:06:00
letters from the director of the school, no petition from00:06:03
Zhukovsky himself,00:06:07
Andrei went to his parents at a technical00:06:11
school, he returned only three00:06:13
years later, the First World War began, the00:06:17
students helped the country, carried out the00:06:20
countdown and purging of real combat00:06:22
vehicles in the00:06:24
eighteenth year tupolev graduated from00:06:27
college with a specialty as a00:06:28
mechanical engineer00:06:32
Astana at that time the revolution was seething00:06:35
led to a change of power industry00:06:38
stopped in the cities chaos reigned00:06:41
devastation hunger nevertheless there were people00:06:45
who had high hopes for a00:06:47
new life00:06:49
Zhukovsky stepped on you suggested that the00:06:51
government organize an institute for00:06:54
studying the problems of aeronautics and00:06:57
these two people were so convincing that00:07:00
they received permission and funds to00:07:03
create such an institute,00:07:05
of course, no borscht and was terribly00:07:08
happy that it all worked out and on00:07:10
the way home they went to a nearby cafe00:07:13
to celebrate such an event, but there00:07:16
was nothing there sells they told00:07:18
only there was curdled milk and honey, I mean00:07:20
they would just get by with the devas will celebrate this00:07:22
great event of the beginning of the origin of the train by00:07:27
the head of the train of the Central00:07:29
Aerohydrodynamic Institute and00:07:32
Zhukovsky became his deputy, or as they00:07:35
said then as a comrade, 30-year-old tupolev, he was00:07:38
in charge of the aviation pull-up of the00:07:41
mentioned department was essentially a00:07:43
design one bureau where they were going to00:07:45
build an airplane, but first they decided00:07:49
to create a solid scientific00:07:51
experimental base; little of the00:07:54
main directions of forward movement were determined;00:07:56
then the airplane was built00:07:59
mainly from wood;00:08:00
tupolev suggested metal00:08:03
was the second important point; at that time00:08:07
biplanes reigned in aviation; tupolev suggested00:08:10
Manapova00:08:12
samples of metal monoplanes in in00:08:14
world practice there were already and despite the00:08:17
technical complexity they00:08:19
were seen as promising,00:08:21
the problem was that the production of the00:08:25
necessary semi-finished metal products00:08:27
simply did not exist in the country and Tupolev00:08:30
was taking on the task of organizing their production; in this00:08:33
he found understanding among the00:08:35
country’s leaders who were responsible for the development of industry at that time00:08:40
as we see, one of the00:08:43
main qualities of Tupolev’s vision of00:08:46
the problem as a whole has already manifested itself; an integrated approach to solving it;00:08:49
this principle Andrei Nikolaevich will00:08:52
use throughout his life;00:08:56
another fundamental move; a00:08:58
sequence of steps when moving towards the00:09:01
goal; to begin with; aluminum parts00:09:04
were used; they were tested not in the air, but00:09:06
on on the ground on snowmobiles and gliders00:09:10
from Tupolev's memoirs,00:09:13
we will build, for example, snowmobiles from new material, we00:09:16
will survive all the troubles of mastering00:09:19
new work methods,00:09:20
we will study the behavior of duralumin not on an00:09:23
airplane where a mistake costs people's lives, but00:09:26
on vehicles moving on the earth's00:09:28
surface,00:09:29
it is much safer and engineers and00:09:32
workers will gain experience and on them00:09:38
1 airplane of the young kb was built in the00:09:41
twenty-third year, the car was named after the00:09:44
initials of the designer Andrei00:09:46
Nikolaevich Tupolev00:09:48
and1 it was a monoplane; metal in the plane00:09:53
was used very limited00:09:54
exclusively for research purposes,00:10:00
but the second car MT2 was already entirely00:10:03
metal;00:10:05
during its tests they studied how the00:10:08
metal would behave in the design, work on the00:10:11
machine was considered as an00:10:12
intermediate stage on the way to the goal, and the goal is a00:10:16
full-fledged working aircraft for military00:10:19
and peaceful needs. What00:10:22
surprises and delights is the thoughtfulness of the00:10:24
process of creating the nd2;00:10:27
few in those years thought about the00:10:29
theoretical basis when building00:10:31
aircraft; designers00:10:33
mostly went by instinct,00:10:36
but tupolev even then he was selling models in00:10:39
pipes, using scales to determine00:10:42
alignment, conducting static tests,00:10:45
this entire cycle was so natural from the00:10:48
standpoint of today, at that time it was necessary to00:10:50
come up with and implement00:10:53
[music] the00:10:54
construction of aircraft proceeded in parallel00:10:56
with equipping the production with everything00:10:58
necessary, and at first the structures were00:11:01
tested for strength. in such an00:11:03
original way00:11:05
[music]00:11:08
3 the mt-3 machine was already built by Serena in the00:11:13
mid-20s, based on the Red00:11:17
Army, airplanes were made for purchased00:11:19
abroad, and the mt-3 became one of the first00:11:23
domestically designed aircraft00:11:25
that replaced foreign ones your00:11:28
[music]00:11:30
one from mt-3, called proletarian,00:11:33
made a loud flight through the capitals00:11:36
of Western European states, they wondered for a long time00:11:39
in which country the Russians bought00:11:41
such an aircraft for Tupolev, it was00:11:44
better than any praise, the prestige of the country00:11:48
was not indifferent to him in those years, and then00:11:51
Andrei Nikolaevich did a lot00:11:53
to how he himself was amazed to catch up and00:11:56
overtake the West and the00:12:00
next step and about the team turned out to be00:12:03
truly world-class, the00:12:08
nt4 bomber, huge at that time, became a classic,00:12:11
it was according to this design of a free-carrying00:12:14
monoplane with engines in the leading edge of the00:12:16
wing that the development of bombers00:12:20
all over the world began, the00:12:25
appearance of 4 engine and inter 6 became00:12:29
another approach to the ideals of the troops,00:12:32
this machine received the designation db-3 db00:12:36
means heavy bomber, the00:12:40
team fuel did not stop00:12:43
there,00:12:44
new bombers differed from00:12:46
previous machines in increasingly larger sizes, it00:12:49
seemed the designer decided to try00:12:52
how far one could go in this00:12:55
dimension; in the west, aircraft00:12:58
construction companies could rely00:13:00
only on their own resources, and behind00:13:02
Tupolev were the financial capabilities of the00:13:05
entire state; the00:13:08
centralization of these funds and00:13:10
Andrei Nikolaevich’s ability to convince the customer00:13:12
made him the leader of the Soviet aviation00:13:15
industry; even then the budget for00:13:18
fuel projects was an order of magnitude larger than that of all00:13:21
other Soviet designers; he00:13:23
easily communicated with the head of the aviation industry,00:13:26
Peter Baranov People's Commissar of Heavy00:13:28
Industry00:13:29
Sergo Ordzhonikidze00:13:31
Tupolev could force entire industries to work for himself,00:13:37
he never started a single job without00:13:40
creating a strong rear for himself,00:13:43
look, he went into production in00:13:47
Moscow, it was the most powerful00:13:49
production, he made a base at the00:13:52
central mayor / iq he has a branch in00:13:54
Kazan and Kuba neck in Voronezh in Taganrog00:13:58
everywhere their branches in the00:14:00
pre-war years Tupolev was entrusted with00:14:03
a lot and for a lot he took on the plane itself00:14:06
and the gondola airships snowmobiles torpedo00:14:10
boats and everything made of metal the00:14:13
choice and it would not have been accidental for00:14:16
Tupolev the entire scientific experimental00:14:18
base demand for fuel, the potential of factories00:14:22
producing scarce aluminum products00:14:25
[music]00:14:26
Andrei Nikolaevich felt like a figure of a00:14:29
state scale and in a00:14:31
certain sense, could he, without00:14:34
embarrassment,00:14:36
formulate the task of building an00:14:38
aircraft instead of the customer, especially when the customer did not clearly00:14:41
understand what he needed,00:14:45
despite the attached state00:14:48
efforts, the development of aviation in the Soviet00:14:50
Union proceeded slowly, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and there was a lack of00:14:54
funds, production capacity, experience00:14:57
and qualified personnel,00:15:00
plans to produce the aircraft were thwarted in the00:15:02
early thirties, the dissatisfaction of00:15:04
the country's leadership reached its limit and00:15:09
reorganization began in00:15:12
1931, all experienced aircraft manufacturers00:15:16
decided to gather into one powerful center the00:15:18
head of this gigantic00:15:20
association they appointed a graduate of the00:15:22
Air Force Academy, Sergei00:15:24
Ilyushin, the00:15:26
design collective farm was called upon to00:15:29
solve grandiose problems, this option00:15:32
was clearly not to the liking of Andrei Nikolaevich,00:15:35
he knew his worth very well,00:15:39
centralized, but it was impossible to unite in00:15:41
this form did not last long00:15:43
after 18 months, tupolev again gained00:15:47
independence00:15:48
his kbs new energies began for00:15:52
the work,00:15:53
Andrei Nikolaevich did not limit himself only to00:15:56
the design, he and I cared about the00:15:58
promotion of their machines into series00:16:00
operation, which was exactly what fell in the first00:16:03
Soviet Union, decided to create branches of00:16:06
the design bureau at serial00:16:08
factories, this innovation greatly reduced the00:16:11
time for introducing a new topic,00:16:16
the next bomber of the00:16:18
Tupolev team was the SB high-speed00:16:20
bomber00:16:21
The military set an indispensable condition for00:16:25
speed: it should not be inferior to00:16:27
its contemporary fighter, and if it00:16:29
is necessary to get away from them, the00:16:33
customers' requirements were set in order whether the00:16:35
elite was in order for us and the bomber was00:16:38
developed based on00:16:39
the main speed;00:16:42
for this purpose, the fuselage was made extremely00:16:45
narrow; the aircraft turned out to be very high-speed00:16:48
from fighters, as required00:16:50
they left00:16:52
only to work as a pilot; it was cramped;00:16:55
this drawback was clearly00:16:58
manifested during the winter war with00:17:00
Finland when the crew flew in00:17:02
thick winter clothes;00:17:04
nevertheless, the speed factor at that time00:17:07
was considered the most important and00:17:10
over 6,000 aircraft were produced; this machine00:17:14
became the most popular bomber tu00:17:16
calor00:17:21
by the mid-30s, the Soviet Union had the00:17:24
most powerful bomber fleet in00:17:26
the world, the basis of which was the00:17:29
Tupolev00:17:31
armada of high-speed sb heavy TB-3 aircraft, and a00:17:35
new car was on the way00:17:38
[music]00:17:40
thirty-six Andrei Nikolaevich00:17:41
was appointed to the position of deputy00:17:43
head of the aviation industry, while he00:17:46
actually He also remained the chief00:17:48
designer of his cobain.00:17:54
1937 turned out to be an00:17:56
extremely good year for Tupolev in aviation terms. On00:18:00
May 5, his ain'ta 7 flew over the North Pole for the first time. On00:18:06
May 21, mt6 landed the expedition on the ice.00:18:12
Chkalov's crews got there and his thunder on the MT-2500:18:16
performed an outstanding flight. furniture00:18:19
on airplanes set a number of world00:18:23
records00:18:26
and00:18:31
now everything changes overnight on00:18:35
October 21, 1937, Andrei00:18:39
Nikolaevich ariston, the accusation is standard00:18:42
for that bad time, a foreign00:18:45
spy, a member of a sabotage organization,00:18:48
how to survive this, and not even an arrest, but a00:18:51
monstrous injustice, because tupolev00:18:55
did so much for the country,00:18:58
his plane is the basis of the combat00:19:01
power of the Air Force, his winged machines brought00:19:05
glory in dozens of record flights,00:19:08
his energy, his talent created advanced00:19:12
industries,00:19:16
but the system showed who was boss00:19:21
the next day, Tupolev’s name disappeared00:19:25
from the press as if there were no00:19:27
aircraft with the NT brand in the country, Tupolev’s machine00:19:30
began to be designated by an abbreviation steps00:19:38
in the dungeons it turned out that there were many comrades of the00:19:41
designers, they did not destroy them, a00:19:43
prison kb sharaga was created, as the00:19:47
prisoners themselves called him, the00:19:50
sharagas were appointed chief designer,00:19:53
as one would expect, Andrei00:19:56
Nikolaevich was appointed,00:19:57
but before agreeing to this, he00:20:00
set a condition, think about setting a00:20:03
condition for the system tupolev demanded that00:20:06
his wife and the children were free, he began00:20:09
to work only after receiving confirmation from the family00:20:15
with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in00:20:18
Sharaga was evacuated with a pile of many00:20:20
tongues, including Tupolev,00:20:23
so after 3 years and 9 months he again00:20:27
became a free designer, here he could00:20:30
apply his knowledge extraordinary00:20:33
organizational skills,00:20:35
his energy in protecting the country from the00:20:38
enemy, but not00:20:40
yet in prison, Tupolev created an aircraft under the00:20:44
index 10300:20:46
at the front, this machine was known as00:20:48
Tu-2,00:20:49
however, very few of these bombers were built00:20:52
in the first years of the war, there was00:20:55
no time to launch new ones, although more00:20:58
of advanced machines, the factories were00:21:00
overloaded with the production of those already approved by00:21:02
Tim, Yakovleva and Lavochkin fighters were driven to the front,00:21:08
Ilyushin and Petlyakov bombers,00:21:13
and the Topolev,00:21:15
remaining unclaimed, had no00:21:18
choice but to improve and00:21:20
improve his Tu-2, it must be said,00:21:24
and in this he succeeded by creating a number of00:21:26
modifications of this machine00:21:28
[ music] in the00:21:34
forty-third year kb Tupolev returned00:21:38
to Moscow, there was very little left before a new takeoff00:21:43
[music] at the00:21:48
end of the Second World War, relations00:21:50
between the allies became increasingly00:21:52
tense,00:21:54
the Americans aggravated the situation by dropping00:21:57
atomic bombs on the Japanese00:22:00
cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 4500:22:06
[music]00:22:09
at that time the Soviet atomic program00:22:11
was already in development, but in addition to00:22:14
the bomb, it was necessary to create a means of delivering it;00:22:18
at that time, the only option00:22:22
was the00:22:24
Tupolev aircraft; there was a project for a bomber00:22:27
capable of performing such a task, but00:22:30
Stalin decided otherwise; he ordered the00:22:33
copying of the American B-29 aircraft;00:22:36
these were the machines that dropped bombs on00:22:39
Japanese cities,00:22:42
several of these aircraft during the00:22:44
raids on Japan made emergency00:22:46
landings in the Soviet Far East,00:22:50
the bombers were delivered to Moscow and00:22:52
copied it, it began00:22:58
in full, it took two years, the task was00:23:01
not an easy one, in addition to converting the dimensions of00:23:04
the instructions from inches to metric,00:23:06
it was necessary to create new devices, units, and materials from scratch00:23:13
Stalin knew the task was complex and it was00:23:17
work on the scale of Tupolev,00:23:23
women became we were given a task and 500:23:28
years and 100 we need to update modern00:23:31
high-speed00:23:32
[music] the00:23:44
movement of this honorable task00:23:47
the sling00:23:49
brought00:23:54
with his characteristic energy Andrei00:23:57
Nikolaev got down to business, he puzzled not00:24:00
only the aviation industry00:24:02
but also numerous suicide bombers00:24:04
equipment and instruments materials,00:24:08
in fact, with the development of this newest00:24:11
American product from the fall in carried out the00:24:13
next technical and technological revolution in the Soviet Union,00:24:19
the aircraft was created, it was called Tu-4,00:24:25
and a series of more than 800 copies was built in the shortest possible time00:24:29
[music]00:24:33
while Tupolev was carrying out the actual the task00:24:36
of creating a carrier in the aircraft industry00:24:38
began a new era, the era of jet sheep00:24:43
[music]00:24:48
[music] the00:24:50
first jet aircraft kb fuel00:24:54
were not very successful, Tu 14, for example, the00:24:57
Ilyushin front-line00:24:59
bomber Il-28 was clearly inferior,00:25:03
but already on the next machine the00:25:06
larger Tupolev took its toll the Tu-16 aircraft00:25:11
became one of the best jet00:25:13
bombers in the world;00:25:15
this machine was produced in very large00:25:17
quantities and in a variety of variants; the00:25:20
16 was in service with long-range00:25:24
aviation for several decades00:25:27
[music]00:25:31
there is another feature of the characteristic00:25:34
design style of the fuel; it00:25:37
often works in conditions of00:25:39
unlimited financing, he acted00:25:42
as a very zealous owner and tried00:25:45
not to spend too much back in the 30s, he00:25:48
created civilian cars by converting00:25:51
them from military ones with a very high degree of00:25:53
unification, for example, the passenger ps 900:25:57
was built on the basis of the r6 reconnaissance aircraft and00:26:01
now after the war, when it was necessary to00:26:04
create a passenger jet the plane was00:26:07
duplex and went along the same path, among00:26:10
other things, this approach provided the00:26:12
new machine with additional reliability,00:26:16
because it used already tested00:26:18
components and assemblies;00:26:21
Andrei Nikolaevich, issues of reliability of a00:26:24
passenger aircraft were00:26:26
extremely important and he believed that until his00:26:31
own experience on passenger00:26:34
aircraft will not accumulate and we00:26:37
will not know all the details of all the features of00:26:40
his life;00:26:42
this is the right way to take as a basis a00:26:46
reliable, well-proven00:26:50
military aircraft and on its basis, and now a00:26:55
passenger aircraft00:26:57
for the first-born jet passenger00:27:00
was taken to the maximum from the00:27:02
Tu-16 bomber only had to be00:27:05
developed the new physicist00:27:07
should only admit that the word just does not00:27:11
reflect the full scale of the problem the fuselage of00:27:14
enormous volume had to be made00:27:16
airtight and durable, this was required00:27:19
in order for it to withstand the00:27:21
impressive pressure difference when the00:27:23
aircraft flies at high altitude the00:27:26
world's first passenger00:27:28
jet was the British Comet a00:27:31
short time after the beginning00:27:34
of operation, it left the lines for00:27:37
three whole years, the cause of a series of disasters00:27:40
associated precisely with the violation of the00:27:41
tightness of the00:27:45
cube, the Olevsky team, on their new00:27:47
machine, coped with this task in00:27:51
September 56, the Tu-104 airliner performed its00:27:55
first flight with passengers,00:27:59
regular movements of jet00:28:02
passenger aircraft began on lines Moscow00:28:05
Omsk Irkutsk00:28:06
[music]00:28:11
the fact that 4 became one of the symbols of00:28:14
the country’s technical capabilities the plane was00:28:17
proudly demonstrated abroad on00:28:20
these trips more than once, and Topolev himself00:28:24
was invariably accompanied by his wife Yulia00:28:27
Nikolaevna,00:28:29
she knew four languages quite well, but he didn’t00:28:33
like translators, he knew I only00:28:35
speak French and she00:28:37
always went with him, she translated everything and00:28:40
[music]00:28:41
after all, the main topics in Tupolev’s kb00:28:44
were heavy military aircraft in00:28:48
service with Soviet long-range aviation,00:28:50
there were Tu-4 and Tu-16 bombers,00:28:54
but progress did not stand place on both00:28:57
sides of the Iron Curtain, a struggle broke out00:29:00
for speed and range;00:29:03
it was impossible to lag behind; by and large,00:29:05
it was about the existence of the state00:29:08
to rely on one company in such a serious matter,00:29:11
even if it was Tupolev’s cops that00:29:13
was too risky and the00:29:17
country’s leadership allocated funds for the creation of00:29:19
strategic bombers to00:29:22
two at once the design bureau of00:29:24
Tupolev and Miss also, as always,00:29:28
set the deadlines in the shortest possible way,00:29:30
so former fuel employee Vladimir00:29:33
Mikhailovich Myasishchev became his competitors00:29:36
and a different approach to solving the problem was discovered.00:29:40
Myasishchev’s bomber had a fairly00:29:43
high degree of technical novelty. It00:29:46
probably couldn’t have been otherwise, it was00:29:48
dictated by the very statement of the problem. It00:29:53
was more difficult to he was a00:29:56
supporter of reasonable conservatism, but00:29:59
he also had to use00:30:01
a large number of innovations,00:30:04
as a result, both machines, the00:30:07
Mississippi M4 and the00:30:10
Topolev Tu-95, went into production, and00:30:13
if the first ones, having served their purpose, left the stage,00:30:16
then the 2 is still the basis of00:30:20
strategic aviation00:30:22
[music]00:30:24
There is no doubt that in the creation of heavy00:30:27
aircraft, Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev00:30:29
considered himself the first and he, as a rule,00:30:32
reacted negatively to the case of violation00:30:34
of his monopoly; however, in the early00:30:37
sixties, the country entered into an00:30:39
unprecedented arms race and00:30:42
there was enough work for everyone,00:30:47
especially since now the aircraft were00:30:49
much more complex than before.00:30:52
the number of projects their labor intensity00:30:54
numerous subcontractors all this did not00:30:56
frighten for a long time it was his element00:31:00
[music] the00:31:06
monopoly of kb Tupolev was once again00:31:09
disturbed by the pose now of his other00:31:11
former comrade-in-arms Pavel Sukhoi00:31:14
Sukhoi design bureau won the00:31:17
competition for a supersonic strategic00:31:19
missile carrier the00:31:20
aircraft appeared and became known as00:31:23
weaving00:31:26
however to build it in series, it turned out that there were00:31:28
nowhere numerous factories capable of00:31:31
producing such sized products00:31:34
were the domain of Tupolev and he had his00:31:37
own plans to load these factories in00:31:40
development at the same time there were00:31:42
dozens of projects00:31:46
in addition to bombers, these were also00:31:48
passenger airliners, after the Tu-104 a00:31:51
new00:31:55
Tu-104 aircraft appeared, well now it is an even larger aircraft, an00:31:59
aircraft that will accommodate00:32:02
170 people,00:32:05
it was called the Tu-114, a huge00:32:08
intercontinental airliner with00:32:10
turboprop engines created on the00:32:12
basis of the00:32:15
Tu-95 strategic bomber,00:32:17
at that time the Tu-114 was the largest00:32:21
passenger aircraft in the world, it00:32:23
appeared during the reign of Khrushchev and In00:32:26
many ways, with his assistance, the leader of the country00:32:29
really wanted to surprise the world and especially the00:32:31
Americans with the achievements of socialism.00:32:34
Khrushchev even insisted on flying00:32:37
this car to the USA. It didn’t bother him that00:32:40
the plane at that moment had not passed all the00:32:42
tests00:32:44
[music]00:32:47
I must admit that the 14th world surprised and00:32:51
then and later, thirty-two world00:32:54
records were the00:32:55
only disaster in 15 years of operation,00:32:57
this was not the fault of the technology00:33:02
[music] they00:33:05
stomped in their cars to harmoniously00:33:07
combine traditional technical00:33:09
solutions with a reasonable number of sets;00:33:13
he used this principle when creating the00:33:15
following passenger cars00:33:18
Tu-134 and Tu -15400:33:24
perhaps the exception in this series00:33:26
is the supersonic passenger00:33:28
plane Tu-14400:33:31
emergency flight mode speed00:33:34
altitude00:33:35
engines unusual for Aeroflot00:33:38
the requirement to provide00:33:40
acceptable conditions for passengers and00:33:42
crew in flight all this dictated00:33:45
previously unprecedented approaches to creating a machine new00:33:48
materials new technologies00:33:51
the plane was being built when Andrey Nikolayevich00:33:54
was already at an advanced age, but he was00:33:57
impatient to solve this extremely difficult00:33:59
task and, in addition, to overtake the British and the00:34:03
French, who were engaged in a similar00:34:06
project with an airplane, comfortable00:34:10
in working on the Tu-144,00:34:13
the prestige of the country was at stake, so no expense was spared,00:34:17
Andrei Nikolayevich was no longer so00:34:19
energetic as before, here too he did not miss the00:34:22
opportunity to strain almost the entire00:34:24
industry of the country00:34:28
the task was completed00:34:30
Tu-144 took to the skies two months00:34:33
earlier comfortably00:34:41
[music]00:34:43
Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev is a00:34:47
truly great personality in the history of domestic aviation and she has preserved a00:34:51
great many impressions,00:34:55
perhaps one of the best characteristics were given to00:34:58
Andrei Nikolaevich by00:34:59
test pilot Mark Naked, he said,00:35:03
rarely have I met in my life a person who00:35:06
cares so little about the00:35:09
impression he makes on others, which is why00:35:11
he invariably00:35:15
made the strongest impression00:35:18
talks about his rudeness00:35:21
date watering did not hesitate to use00:35:23
profanity could on those councils are00:35:26
very impartial to speak out about00:35:28
colleagues from other kb,00:35:31
but could cry without hiding tears if00:35:35
people died during the tests of his cars, they00:35:39
say, and justice is the ability00:35:42
to listen to individual advice from whomever00:35:45
it came from, while Andrei00:35:47
Nikolaevich absolutely did not suppress00:35:50
authority, he is terribly he didn’t like00:35:53
careerists, people who were lazy and stupid, but he00:35:57
always knew how to elevate worthwhile people00:36:00
[music]00:36:03
you can say Tupolev was lucky,00:36:06
he was in the right place at the right time,00:36:10
but then we’ll have to add that00:36:13
he didn’t occupy it in vain, being00:36:17
suitable for this place like no one00:36:21
else00:36:22
[music]00:36:24
him By the way, they often asked why he didn’t00:36:29
write memoirs of such a rich and00:36:31
eventful life, he usually laughed it off and kept00:36:36
silent,00:36:38
one day he suddenly said,00:36:41
but I’m not writing, I’m00:36:44
obviously00:36:46
doing something new, it was much more interesting for him00:36:49
than remembering and has already done00:36:52
[music]00:37:04
[music]00:37:30
[music ]Description:
Андрей Николаевич Туполев - один из крупнейших авиационных конструкторов XX века. Пожалуй, никакое другое имя в отечественной авиации не имеет такой значимости, как это. Он делал историю и был частью этой истории. В конструкторском бюро под его руководством создано более полутора сотен типов самолётов – начиная с небольшой авиетки АНТ-1 и заканчивая огромным сверхзвуковым пассажирским лайнером Ту-144. ■ Подписаться на канал - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXSNUppmUNp8cNsyrDCkrbA?sub_confirmation=1 ■ Альберт Слюсарь. Дороже золота - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-8_pRQOSDH0
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