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Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:04
comic saying that shows us the00:00:07
rather simple relationship between Zombies00:00:09
with each other in popular culture and00:00:12
returns us to its original00:00:13
version, which tells about the complexity of00:00:16
human relationships, but there is no00:00:19
such saying that would talk about the00:00:21
difficulties of relationships between Zombies and00:00:24
humans, and it is not fictional00:00:26
Universe by Richard Mathisson And in the very00:00:28
real world, put00:00:31
aside all fantastic theories, now00:00:33
we will talk about rabies, what do00:00:36
we know about zombies, initially these creatures00:00:38
were a figment of the imagination of adherents of the00:00:41
Voodoo cult, then the Walking Dead00:00:43
should not have infected other people who00:00:46
were simply dead people rising from their graves.00:00:47
However, their modern00:00:50
representatives are all diligently00:00:51
tied to the real world and now we00:00:54
increasingly see not the dead raised from their00:00:56
graves by mystical forces, but victims of a00:00:59
certain Pato that affects the nervous system00:01:01
and changes behavior, just like there are cases of00:01:04
rabies infection, the methods of transmission are00:01:06
similar, as well as the nature of the pathogen00:01:08
is usually a virus00:01:11
Speaking of advertising, I recently00:01:13
said that now it will00:01:15
periodically appear in my videos00:01:16
Roman Galimova’s channel channel about psychology00:01:19
and the peculiarities of perception scientific method00:01:21
thinking bugs logical errors analysis of00:01:23
various manipulations and tricks this is what00:01:26
this guy does on his channel you00:01:28
can find videos about what00:01:30
rationality is in general, what knowledge is00:01:33
in hindsight, or in general learn about00:01:35
what a false belief is, the link to his00:01:38
channel will be in the description, go through00:01:40
Subscribe on my own behalf, I advise you, since I00:01:42
myself am a subscriber to the channel,00:01:45
in general, the rabies virus is quite00:01:47
middle-aged mention of bites by rabid00:01:49
dogs is found in the codes of laws of00:01:51
ancient Mesopotamia, which are now00:01:53
more than 4000 years old in antiquity. This00:01:56
disease was already written by philosophers00:01:58
such as Aristotle Celsus and Democritus. Since the 13th00:02:00
century, outbreaks of epizootics occurred in Europe from time to time,00:02:02
that is, epidemics among00:02:05
animals, this could not Not to leave a mark on the00:02:07
history of mankind from each such00:02:09
major outbreak in Roslov, the number of00:02:11
people infected with this disease, as00:02:14
a rule, they became infected through domestic00:02:16
animals and livestock that came into contact with00:02:19
wild nature, the horror on the population00:02:20
was caused not only by the fact that rabies in those00:02:23
days could be contracted anywhere,00:02:24
but also and the fact that in almost 10000:02:27
percent of cases this doomed a person to a00:02:30
painful death, for example, in the story of00:02:32
Sergei Latsensky, the infant memory of the00:02:34
heroes remembers how he was00:02:35
attacked by a mad dog in childhood. His father defended him then,00:02:38
but he himself was tempted and later00:02:41
fell ill, this is what I remember indelibly00:02:44
yesterday how we ran away from our father, all four of us, my00:02:47
mother, Kolya, my older brother, and Pasha, the00:02:51
youngest, Pasha in his mother’s arms, Kolya00:02:53
in front is still looking back, I’m on the side and also00:02:56
turn back, and my mother is screaming at us,00:02:58
run, children, run, and so we jump00:03:01
over the garden tops, through the gossip, and00:03:03
scratch ourselves. we fall, we jump up, we rush00:03:06
from someone, my father saved me00:03:09
from a mad dog, now my mother saved me from00:03:12
him, and already a crowd surrounded him with00:03:15
ropes and stakes, I saw him00:03:18
throwing bricks and screams, I heard in my00:03:21
head the target, stun, death as a result of00:03:24
infection was terrible and shameful and00:03:27
very often at the hands of their own00:03:29
relatives in medieval France there was00:03:32
even a tradition of dealing with rabid00:03:34
people; they were tied up and their veins were opened00:03:37
or they were laid between two00:03:39
mattresses so that they would suffocate and only00:03:42
at the beginning of the 19th century in France was it00:03:44
legally prohibited to punish the00:03:46
sick those who violated this law00:03:48
were subject to the death penalty; some00:03:50
historians also associate this disease with the00:03:53
rise of myths about werewolves in the 18th00:03:55
century. After all, it was at that time that00:03:57
quite impressive00:03:59
outbreaks of this disease swept across Europe. Everything is like in00:04:02
the legends. Wolf aggression is a remarkable force and the00:04:05
infection itself came from the depths of the forest how00:04:07
not to connect this with werewolves howling at00:04:10
the moon, now the championship in the purity of00:04:11
transmission of the virus belongs to foxes and00:04:14
raccoon dogs. However, then the00:04:16
unconditional victory belonged to wolves,00:04:18
large, strong and biting00:04:21
mainly in the head or neck00:04:24
because, unlike Foxes, they could00:04:26
afford it in historical essays Sergei00:04:28
Nikolaevich Shubinsky from 190800:04:31
says that the surrounding donkeys00:04:34
abounded in wolves whose insolence00:04:36
reached the point that, for example, in00:04:39
1714 they ate two soldiers standing guard00:04:42
at the Foundry Palace and a little00:04:44
later on Vasya Island, at the very gates of00:04:47
Prince Menshikov’s house, they killed one of00:04:49
his servants, predators blew up cemetery and00:04:52
ate the corpses of the dead. So, to00:04:54
curb them, sometimes entire00:04:57
teams were slaughtered, and when such dangerous animals00:04:59
fell ill with rabies, their danger00:05:01
increased tenfold. This is due to00:05:05
the glycoprotein G located on the surface of the virus, which can turn off the00:05:07
nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which00:05:09
allow our muscles to relax as00:05:13
a result of the motor activity of an00:05:14
animal or person extremely increasing,00:05:16
cases were described when a maddened00:05:18
wolf could run up to 100 km in a day,00:05:21
infecting everyone in its path. One of00:05:24
such cases was cited in the memoirs of00:05:25
Alexander Vasilyevich Nikitenko, an entry00:05:28
dated November 7, 1854, a strange and00:05:32
terrible incident in the city,00:05:34
early this morning a madman appeared on the streets00:05:37
the wolf he made his way all the way to the00:05:39
St. Petersburg side of the island and ran around Trinity00:05:42
Square around the fortress, rushed across the00:05:44
Trinity Bridge across Kievskaya and the00:05:46
Tauride Garden and turned back to the00:05:48
summer garden where he was finally killed by00:05:50
two men along the way he bit up to 3800:05:53
people and in general caused an abyss of misfortunes00:05:56
unfortunate his victim was sent to00:05:58
the hospital; a similar case was described in00:06:01
1930, but this time with a dog that, from 1 pm on00:06:04
January 1, 1930 to 4 am on00:06:09
January 2, bit 89 people in Shuvalovo00:06:12
Udelnaya new village on Krestovoy and00:06:15
Kamenny Islands and on the Vyborg side,00:06:17
it was killed on on the right bank of the Neva, having00:06:19
previously run about 40 kilometers,00:06:21
in addition to increased aggressiveness, the00:06:23
invariable symptoms of rabies00:06:25
are hydrophobia, aerophobia and, a little00:06:28
less often, photophobia. That is, fear of Light.00:06:30
Why does a domestic animal, for example cats,00:06:33
not show aggression for a very long time and00:06:35
hide in dark corners? But if you00:06:38
disturb them, they still break down And00:06:40
yet, instead of aggression, an infected00:06:42
animal can also show excessive00:06:44
affection, which is also something to beware of,00:06:47
because in addition to direct bites, they can00:06:49
infect people by simple licking.00:06:51
However, the most interesting and constant00:06:53
symptom of rabies is hydrophobia,00:06:55
people for a very long time called this disease00:06:58
hydrophobia, since with any type of water the00:07:00
infected person began to have convulsions of the pharynx00:07:02
and larynx, which, in principle, made the process of00:07:05
drinking impossible. And if it comes to00:07:07
people, then just the00:07:09
mention of water may be enough; there is even a version that in this00:07:11
way the virus00:07:12
spreads faster because it makes it00:07:15
impossible to swallow even one’s00:07:16
own saliva, this leads to the fact00:07:18
that the animal it is sprayed everywhere And let00:07:21
me remind you that the virus is transmitted00:07:23
mainly through the salivary glands;00:07:26
currently the rabies virus00:07:27
has undergone some changes. Not to mention the00:07:30
fact that there are more than one or00:07:33
two types; the modern rabies virus does not00:07:35
cause such aggression as in the00:07:37
examples I gave below, at00:07:39
least in people, some00:07:41
symptoms may not even be present at all, which is why a00:07:43
person with rabies is sometimes00:07:45
brought to neurology, in addition to00:07:47
aggressiveness, the picture of the disease in our00:07:50
time is not very different from that00:07:52
described in Veresaev’s story at the00:07:54
turn of the patient was lying on a mattress, a connection to the00:07:56
head, his face turned pale, he he was breathing00:07:59
quickly and shallowly,00:08:00
here it hurts, he said and pointed to the00:08:04
pit of his stomach, it doesn’t allow you to breathe And you’re thirsty,00:08:09
now they’ll bring you beer, drink it and you’ll feel00:08:11
better in a broken voice, he00:08:13
suddenly asked, Tell me, young lady, I’m mad00:08:18
Varvara Vasilna laughed Well, what00:08:21
nonsense, how mad you are you00:08:23
just have a fever, nothing else I’m00:08:26
going to go give you something to drink, would I go if00:08:28
you were mad, the patient closed his eyes,00:08:30
tried to swallow, but a spasm00:08:32
squeezed his throat in painful efforts00:08:34
to overcome it, he bent all over backwards,00:08:36
rolled his eyes, tore himself out of the hands of those holding him,00:08:39
then suddenly sat up and sighed with relief he00:08:43
swallowed here we see00:08:45
hydrophobia and all the signs of damage to the00:08:47
nervous system, imperceptible except for00:08:49
animal aggression. Despite the fact that00:08:52
rabies is now an00:08:53
almost forgotten tropical disease,00:08:55
it annually claims the lives of up to 55 thousand00:08:58
people around the world, the main part of00:09:00
which are children in developing00:09:03
countries inaccessibility of anti-rabies00:09:05
vaccines and Low awareness of00:09:07
rabies, especially among children,00:09:10
causes people to die every year from a00:09:11
banal bite of a puppy, kitten or00:09:14
bat. According to the principle of penetration, the00:09:16
rabies virus is not very different from00:09:18
other viruses; it belongs to the family of00:09:20
rabies Yes viruses, the genus of fox viruses and00:09:22
has an almost oval shape it looks00:09:25
like an oblong bullet with a length of 180 and a00:09:28
diameter of 75 nanometers;00:09:30
currently seven of its species are known; it is very00:09:32
resistant to low temperatures but is extremely00:09:35
sensitive to dry air, heat and00:09:37
ultraviolet radiation; therefore, in the summer it does not00:09:39
last long in animal carcasses; at00:09:41
100 degrees Celsius it lives only for 200:09:43
minutes and with a small company up to 6000:09:46
degrees for only 5 minutes, it is also extremely00:09:49
unstable to fat solvents,00:09:51
detergents, iodine, and even ordinary00:09:53
laundry soap. That is why doctors00:09:55
always advise the first thing not to run to00:09:57
the emergency room, but first to thoroughly wash the00:09:59
wound with laundry soap, then00:10:01
treat it with iodine or any detergents00:10:03
means under warm water for at00:10:05
least 10 minutes. This will significantly reduce the00:10:08
chance that the virus will get into the nerve00:10:10
endings and penetrate the body. It is00:10:13
most difficult here with cat bites, which do00:10:14
not leave lacerations, but small dots,00:10:17
they heal very quickly and wash00:10:20
such a wound sufficiently It is very00:10:21
difficult for the rabies virus to enter the body and00:10:23
strive to reach the00:10:24
peripheral nerves and from there, at a00:10:27
speed of 3 mm per hour, it moves towards its00:10:29
cherished dream in the central parts of the00:10:31
nervous system, then it00:10:34
penetrates excessive cells into other organs,00:10:36
mainly, of course, the salivary glands, since00:10:39
this is the most the effective way of transmitting the00:10:40
virus to another organism, whether a person gets sick00:10:43
after a bite or not00:10:45
depends on the severity and location of the bite, so00:10:48
if a person is bitten by a dog in the area of the neck00:10:50
or face, then rabies will occur with a00:10:53
90 percent probability. If in the00:10:55
hands, then in 63 percent. And if00:10:59
the bite was on the thigh or on the arm00:11:01
in only 23 percent of cases.00:11:04
So if you are bitten by a dog, knowing the nature00:11:07
and location of the bite, you yourself can00:11:09
guess how likely you are00:11:11
to die. However, I wouldn’t check these statistics and00:11:15
I wouldn’t check them myself. I do00:11:17
n’t advise you to do this, because already at the first00:11:20
manifestations of the disease, the chance that you00:11:22
will survive is significantly less than one00:11:25
percent; among animals, rabies is00:11:28
mainly wolves, foxes,00:11:33
raccoon dogs, skunks and bats; mammals such as cows, goats and00:11:36
rats are less likely to get sick. Even birds, although00:11:38
extremely In rare cases, among domestic00:11:40
animals, rabies is most often contracted by00:11:42
dogs, slightly less often by cats and the same00:11:45
cattle. In South America,00:11:47
rabies is spread by00:11:49
vampire bats; this sometimes happens more00:11:52
often than through dogs and cats; in general,00:11:54
the animal almost always dies within00:11:56
7-10 days after manifestations of symptoms of the00:11:58
disease, the only exception00:12:01
is the yellow mongoose; it can00:12:03
be a carrier of the virus for00:12:04
several years; however,00:12:07
not only mongooses are capable of this, but also some people. In the00:12:10
clinical history of rabies,00:12:11
there were cases when people00:12:12
asymptomatically could carry the virus00:12:15
for six years. And only after serious00:12:17
injuries such like a fall from a height and an00:12:20
electric shock, after many years they00:12:23
developed symptoms of rabies and they00:12:25
died; such cases are so rare00:12:27
that they can literally be counted on one hand,00:12:28
but they still exist; in general, the00:12:31
duration of the incubation period in00:12:33
people varies and depends on many00:12:36
factors in someone the disease can00:12:38
develop after three months and someone00:12:40
has After 10 days everything is very00:12:42
individual But on average the incubation period for00:12:45
rabies is approximately 30 days00:12:47
after the bite the following troubles occur to a person00:12:49
for convenience, I00:12:51
divided them into stages the first stage is the00:12:54
incubation period it lasts it can from00:12:56
10 days to 3 months this is the only00:12:59
period in the disease when00:13:00
a cure is possible, and the vaccine and vaccines are00:13:04
also used by anti-vaxxers. The00:13:05
second stage is also called the00:13:08
initial stage. A person shows00:13:10
several symptoms at once: anxiety, fear,00:13:13
itching, nausea, dizziness,00:13:16
redness in the bite area is also observed,00:13:18
this phase lasts from 1 to 3 days then00:13:21
there is a stage of excitement hydrophobia00:13:24
aggression hallucinations convulsions of the pharynx and00:13:27
larynx in a word all the00:13:28
characteristic features of this disease are manifested00:13:30
domestic animals turn into vagabonds00:13:33
behave restlessly strive to attack00:13:35
everything that moves and does not move in00:13:37
wild animals the barrier of fear is reduced00:13:39
they boldly enter human territory00:13:41
and also shows indiscriminate aggression00:13:44
on female domestic animals, then the00:13:47
last stage follows, it is also called00:13:49
the stage of paralysis, it occurs00:13:52
5-7 days after the onset of symptoms,00:13:54
the person dies due to paralysis of the cardiac00:13:57
or respiratory muscles, the nervous00:13:58
system degrades and simply stops00:14:00
sending the necessary signals for00:14:02
muscle contractions at the end, a person00:14:05
can drink even for a while and it00:14:06
seems to everyone that He is about to recover, but after00:14:09
this moment there is always death and00:14:11
here you probably have a00:14:13
logical question. If rabies is so00:14:15
dangerous, then why is it now considered a00:14:18
forgotten tropical disease and why?00:14:21
Now no medicine has been invented00:14:23
that could save a person at00:14:25
any stage and not just at the stage of the00:14:27
incubation period. It’s all simple00:14:29
because a long time ago, 134 years ago, a00:14:33
vaccine against rabies was invented, and not by00:14:35
some no-name, but by the master of00:14:37
world medicine himself, if so at all one can00:14:39
speak of the brilliant chemist and00:14:41
microbiologist Louis Pasteur, many00:14:43
called him popular and for his Passion00:14:46
for public experiments and loud00:14:47
speeches, his work in the field of creating an00:14:49
anthrax vaccine was often00:14:52
criticized, but we must give the pastor his00:14:54
due in the work on the rabies00:14:57
vaccine there was nothing populist,00:14:58
it was undoubtedly important and extremely00:15:02
dangerous work Who else but Pasteur00:15:04
remembers the time when in France quite00:15:06
recently it was customary to00:15:08
deal with people00:15:10
suspected of rabies in the most terrible way; for France,00:15:12
rabies was not some kind of tropical00:15:14
forgotten disease, it was a catastrophe that00:15:16
penetrated the streets of cities and00:15:18
especially their outskirts and then the00:15:21
proverb Wolves are afraid not to go into the forest did00:15:23
not work much because the Wolf himself could have00:15:26
visited for this it00:15:28
was not necessary to go to the forest but the pastor00:15:30
was determined and together with his00:15:32
constant assistants Emil.ru and00:15:34
Charles Chamberlan in 1882 they00:15:38
began the long and painful work of00:15:40
identifying the source of the disease,00:15:43
first they needed consumables, so to speak.00:15:45
And then it00:15:49
was quite difficult to do this because00:15:51
rabid animals, for obvious reasons,00:15:53
were not kept alive. But00:15:58
not all of them are quite difficult to infect animals by injection through the saliva of a rabid dog.00:16:00
animals became infected when the00:16:02
saliva of a sick dog was injected under their skin; approximately the00:16:04
same results were obtained when attempting00:16:06
natural infection through bites, but00:16:09
fortunately at that time it was known that the00:16:11
rabies virus primarily affects the00:16:13
nervous system and Pasteur came00:16:15
up with an idea which he shared with00:16:18
his assistant .ru I from rabies00:16:20
penetrating the human body through a bite00:16:22
settles mainly in his brain and00:16:25
spinal cord, all the symptoms of rabies00:16:27
indicate that this poison, which we00:16:30
cannot find, affects00:16:33
primarily Dante’s nervous system, we00:16:36
must look for this mysterious00:16:38
microbe, maybe not seeing it, we00:16:41
could grow it there, is it possible to00:16:43
somehow use a00:16:45
living creature as a flask with00:16:47
broth? But this is, of course, a rather00:16:49
strange vessel for culture, but the fact is00:16:52
that when we inject it into this00:16:54
poison under the skin, it is lost and dissolved00:16:57
in the body first how to reach the brain,00:17:00
nah, if it were possible to inject it directly00:17:02
into the dog’s brain, the pastor was an excellent00:17:05
chemist and an excellent microbiologist, but00:17:08
unfortunately he didn’t understand anything about surgery at all,00:17:10
such a procedure turned out to be00:17:12
impossible for him, because he believed that if00:17:14
you drill into a dog’s brain, it would certainly00:17:18
be damaged and leave the dog00:17:20
crippled fortunately, rupoobrazovanie00:17:22
was a Medic and found something to answer him. But00:17:25
why don’t the professor try to00:17:27
administer rabies poison directly into the dog’s brain?00:17:30
I can perfectly well perform a trepanation on a dog,00:17:32
drill a00:17:34
small hole in its skull without causing it00:17:36
absolutely any harm and without00:17:38
damaging the brain at all, this is very simply said by00:17:41
Ru Pasterza protested that drilling a00:17:45
hole in a dog’s skull, but you’ll00:17:48
mutilate the unfortunate animal, you’ll00:17:50
destroy his brain, you’ll cause paralysis,00:17:52
no, I won’t allow it for anything, but the00:17:55
assistant’s persistence and desire for00:17:58
accomplishment got the better of00:18:03
him. a hole in the skull and00:18:06
injected with a syringe a little of the crushed brain of00:18:09
Pasteur’s dog, which had died from rabies.00:18:12
Having learned about this, he became indignant,00:18:13
hoping that he would see00:18:16
crippled valuable material for00:18:18
research in front of him and would thoroughly punish the00:18:20
guilty assistant, but before him00:18:23
appeared a completely healthy and quite00:18:26
cheerful dog like that Pasteur and his00:18:29
team learned to easily00:18:30
cultivate the virus inside an experimental00:18:32
animal, transplanting it from00:18:35
one dead dog to another in time,00:18:37
the most difficult thing remained to understand How to weaken00:18:40
the virus so that it could be implanted00:18:42
into the brain of another dog, do this so00:18:45
that the animal does not die Long days and00:18:48
months of endless experiments00:18:49
passed and the scientists still could not get00:18:52
even a millimeter closer to the goal;00:18:54
all00:18:56
animals infected in the laboratory, without exception, died.00:18:58
If,00:19:01
for the sake of statistics, someone behind Pasteur’s laboratory had decided to00:19:03
set up a cemetery for animals who died in00:19:05
the cause, it would probably have stretched over a00:19:07
whole block day and night the assistants00:19:09
worked until exhaustion, going through all the00:19:12
new experiences that could only come to the00:19:14
mind of a mad genius, for some00:19:16
time they became real slaves of their00:19:18
master, but each of them knew that he was00:19:21
fighting for a just cause at some point,00:19:23
everyone had already begun to lose hope in pursuit00:19:25
of this a weak microbe of rabies Yes, and00:19:28
anyone would lose Faith in the fact that in00:19:31
2001 it ended with the same outcome,00:19:33
but one fine day the dog that had the00:19:36
virus implanted directly into its brain got sick for a couple of00:19:39
days, washed itself, writhed and then suddenly00:19:42
recovered. A few days later,00:19:45
another dose of the virus on that she00:19:47
reacted in no way at all, she00:19:49
healed quickly and the dog continued to do00:19:51
her dog business, she was00:19:54
completely immunized, Pasteur concluded.00:19:56
And now we had to find a way to make the00:19:58
virus weaker and safer. Even though few00:20:02
people believed in it, at that moment00:20:04
new, no less intense work began on the00:20:06
old assistant they tried all the00:20:08
options known at that time,00:20:09
subjected the virus to various tests, but it00:20:12
either died without giving the animals00:20:14
protection at all, or killed the animals themselves. In the00:20:17
end, they still found a way to00:20:18
weaken the virus without killing it so that it, in00:20:22
turn, getting into the dog’s body00:20:24
would give it immunity without killing the00:20:27
experimental animal, they cut out a00:20:29
small fragment of the spinal cord of a00:20:31
Rabbit that had recently died from rabies and00:20:34
dried it for 14 days in a dry00:20:37
glass flask at a certain00:20:39
temperature, then without a twinge of conscience00:20:41
they lost what came out and then00:20:44
sprayed it directly into the dogs’ brains. As00:20:47
a result, the animal did not died and00:20:49
thus gained immunity to rabies00:20:51
then Pasteur gathered his colleagues and concluded00:20:54
this poison is either killed or at best00:20:57
too weakened said Pasteur quickly00:20:59
moving on to one of his strange and00:21:02
inconsistent conclusions now we00:21:04
will dry the poisonous substance for 1200:21:07
days then 10 days 8 days and 6 days until00:21:11
we manage to inoculate the dog with a mild00:21:13
form of rabies, then only it will be00:21:15
immunized then they began a long00:21:18
experiment on dogs in their00:21:19
laboratory, the work had to be done a lot, it00:21:22
stretched out for months too, it00:21:24
was necessary to inject the dogs every00:21:27
14 days, strictly controlling the process and00:21:30
experimental animals then had to wait a long time for the00:21:32
incubation period and only00:21:35
then was it possible to get a result with00:21:37
which you can go to your colleagues to00:21:40
repeat the same thing in the presence of00:21:41
competent people, but experiments00:21:44
secondly are one thing, but experiments on00:21:47
people are a completely different mistake00:21:50
here will be unforgivable and it will cost a00:21:52
person his life Pasteur - This was clearly00:21:54
understood, but still he could not00:21:56
predict how the vaccine would behave00:21:58
when it came to people, and in bacteria in00:22:01
those days, few knew what to00:22:03
say about viruses, not one of my dogs has00:22:06
ever died from a vaccine thought00:22:08
Pasteur, they were all perfectly00:22:12
immunized with it, the same effect, of course,00:22:14
should happen in humans,00:22:17
but a suitable candidate had yet00:22:21
to be found, pastel had already00:22:23
decided on the most spectacular public00:22:25
experiment, perhaps the last one in his00:22:28
life, he wanted to infect himself with rabies00:22:31
and immediately get vaccinated with his vaccine but he was00:22:33
preceded by a grief-stricken Fraumeister from00:22:36
Mason Gotha in Alsace, who showed up to Pasteur00:22:39
with pleas to save her son Joseph00:22:40
Artificial the day before by a mad dog00:22:43
at 14.00:22:44
He asked to come at 5 pm and he00:22:47
himself went to talk with the doctors00:22:48
Vulpin and Grand Ché, who often00:22:51
looked into his laboratory and they saw00:22:53
how Pasteur infected dogs over and over again and00:22:56
immediately vaccinated them, and when they00:22:58
examined the tattered child, it was00:23:00
clearly decided to vaccinate him since00:23:02
he had little chance of survival.00:23:04
Then on July 6, 1885, for the first time in the00:23:09
history of the Pasteur vaccine, a person was vaccinated00:23:12
and 14 years later days of daily00:23:14
vaccinations and a month of waiting, after00:23:16
the boy was sent back to Alsaz00:23:19
absolutely healthy and never after00:23:22
he showed signs of rabies,00:23:23
this incident helped the pastor to finally00:23:25
establish himself in the effectiveness of his method and00:23:28
then he publicly declared that he was ready00:23:30
to save the whole world from rabies and hundreds00:23:33
even thousands of people people from all over the world began00:23:35
to come to the laboratory of this00:23:36
wizard in Rio, people were in00:23:39
huge numbers, sometimes in the most00:23:41
deplorable condition, some of them00:23:44
had to be placed there as00:23:46
many of them were unable to go00:23:48
further poster was even forced to00:23:50
stop their experimental00:23:52
activities and to00:23:54
literally save the world, the00:23:56
pinnacle of this was the case when00:23:58
19 peasants, bitten by a rabid wolf, arrived from Smolensk itself to Pasteur00:24:01
2000:24:04
days ago. Some of them were00:24:06
so tormented that they were unable to00:24:08
even speak French. They knew00:24:10
only one word. Pasteur them right away.00:24:13
hospitalized and put on beds,00:24:15
too much time had passed, they00:24:17
should not have survived and it seemed to everyone that00:24:19
even Pasteur’s miraculous vaccines were00:24:22
unable to change anything, because00:24:25
eight out of ten people fell ill from the bite of a rabid wolf,00:24:27
but the pastor could not refuse them and00:24:30
leave the poor people to their mercy fate, their00:24:32
arrival became a real sensation for the00:24:34
city and Paris went crazy, as00:24:38
Paul de wings said, how can00:24:39
only Paris go crazy, maybe they will all die,00:24:42
after all, more than two have already passed, the disease has00:24:45
probably gone too far Yes,00:24:47
they have little chance of salvation, the unfortunate ones00:24:50
were only talking about boulevards00:24:52
Pasteur got down to business and, to make up for lost time,00:24:54
he injected the vaccine into the peasants00:24:57
not once a day as he00:24:59
usually did, but two mornings and evenings he conducted the so-00:25:02
called express course and what00:25:05
was the national rejoicing when he was able to00:25:08
cure almost all of the 19 peasants00:25:11
only three survived to their posts,00:25:14
world fame fell apart and00:25:16
enthusiastic columns in every corner of the world00:25:18
were full of newspapers for a long time. The whole00:25:21
globe seemed to have gone crazy from all over00:25:24
the world, charitable donations flowed in,00:25:25
allowing Pasteur00:25:27
to collect several million00:25:29
francs with this money. He built a00:25:31
laboratory in Paris. which is now00:25:33
called the Pasteur Institute, laboratories of00:25:36
hospitals and hospitals around the world00:25:37
became interested in the new miraculous00:25:39
cure for rabies, especially the00:25:42
pastor’s idea attracted the Russian Empire00:25:44
Alexander Petrovich of Oldenburg was a00:25:47
big fan of his work, being the00:25:49
commander-in-chief of the Guards Corps,00:25:51
Alexander Petrovich had a lot00:25:53
to do with several large00:25:54
medical institutions in St. Petersburg and in in00:25:57
general, he was aware of the latest achievements of00:25:58
science in terms of medicine; in 1885, he00:26:02
even sent to Pasteur a Guards00:26:05
officer who was bitten by his own00:26:07
mad dog, who successfully00:26:09
completed a course of anti-rabies vaccination and00:26:12
returned home healthy. At the same time,00:26:14
Alexander Petrovich asked Pasteur00:26:16
to open exactly the same vaccination00:26:18
station at himself in his homeland, but Pasteur did not00:26:21
agree; he already had the sad experience of00:26:23
using his00:26:25
anthrax vaccines by other people when00:26:27
animals died. And he was subject to00:26:29
lawsuits and all the people's anger. Now00:26:32
it was about people, which is why Pasteur00:26:34
refused to open vaccination00:26:36
stations outside of France but still,00:26:39
the pastor had to give in, because00:26:41
not everyone who was bitten could get to France,00:26:43
which, and they got there, it was00:26:46
already too late, so the first00:26:51
Pasteur vaccination station outside France and the second in the whole world was opened00:26:53
in Odessa under the leadership of Nikolai00:26:55
Fedorovich Gamaleya, this happened on June 12,00:26:58
1886 and on the same day00:27:02
12 people were vaccinated, just a few days later the00:27:04
usual station began to operate in00:27:07
Warsaw, also at that time, being00:27:09
part of the Russian Empire, stations began00:27:12
to open one after another and by the end of the00:27:14
summer of 1886,00:27:18
six00:27:20
anti-rabies vaccination stations were operating on the territory of the Russian Empire At the same time, there00:27:22
was no state support either at the00:27:24
stage of opening the station or at the stage of their00:27:27
operation, everything was financed exclusively by00:27:29
private individuals with contributions from zemstvo and00:27:32
city governments,00:27:34
and fundraising by subscription of00:27:36
private individuals was also widely practiced. A little later,00:27:38
paid services began to be practiced. It must be00:27:40
admitted that the poor00:27:42
were served free of charge. everyone could not00:27:44
pay, they were asked to pay 5 rubles00:27:46
for the vaccination itself and 50 kopecks per day of00:27:49
hospitalization. Yes, it00:27:51
was necessary to maintain the hospital not only for the00:27:53
doomed, but also for those from other cities, because there00:27:56
were only six such stations in the entire Russian Empire,00:27:59
most of their00:28:01
visitors came from distant00:28:03
provinces and in total, there were up to 8500:28:05
percent of all patients; for example, the00:28:08
Moscow station alone00:28:09
served as many as 27 provinces in general. The00:28:12
Russian Empire was one of the first00:28:14
in the number of cases of00:28:16
rabies infection among the population; at the same time,00:28:18
it was among the leaders in the efficiency of00:28:20
vaccination; the first Russian00:28:23
Pasteur station was not at all were not inferior to00:28:24
foreign ones and sometimes showed better00:28:27
results than Pasteur’s station in00:28:29
Paris, so the Russian Empire became for00:28:31
some time a place of advanced scientific00:28:33
work in the field of microbiology and00:28:35
immunology; statistical data and00:28:38
worked in the field of studying the00:28:39
rabies virus; collected over the years of00:28:41
operation of pastoral stations00:28:43
helped the progress in general and played an00:28:46
important role in mankind’s fight against00:28:47
rabies for a long time, the anti-rabies00:28:49
vaccine was injected under the skin of the anterior00:28:51
abdominal wall, and for a full course of such00:28:54
vaccination sometimes up to 4000:28:56
injections were required. It was the so-called00:28:58
company vaccine. And it was made from a suspension of the brains of00:29:01
infected sheep. By the way, this method00:29:03
was practiced for quite a long time right up to the00:29:06
end of the 20th century, even in my childhood, there00:29:08
was a horror story about 40 injections in the00:29:11
stomach. If I suddenly decided to pet an00:29:13
unfamiliar dog on the street. And as a00:29:15
child, I really loved dogs, and for me, these00:29:17
40 injections did not always seem such a00:29:20
significant payment, now I even00:29:22
think that’s all - but my parents should have00:29:24
told me the real harsh truth that00:29:27
if suddenly I become infected with rabies, then I00:29:30
will certainly die, then I was always00:29:33
afraid more, be that as it may, now the00:29:35
rabies vaccine is not00:29:37
anything terrible; it is injected into the shoulder in the00:29:40
amount of 5-7 injections first on the day00:29:43
of the bite or and then after 3 7 14 30 and 9000:29:48
days, less often it may be necessary to administer00:29:51
rabies immunoglobulin directly00:29:53
instead of the bite since some wounds00:29:55
are close to the head, for example on the00:29:58
neck, or maybe Multiple bites00:30:00
on the hands, which can greatly reduce the00:30:02
incubation period of the disease and00:30:05
this is important, because let me remind you that when it enters the00:30:07
nervous tissue, the virus begins to move towards the00:30:09
center of the nervous system at a speed of 300:30:11
mm/h and in order to slow down its movement,00:30:14
immunoglobulin is injected immediately; it00:30:16
temporarily provides the body with ready-made00:30:18
antibodies to the virus so that the body begins to00:30:21
immediately fight the disease without00:30:22
waiting for those 14 days during which the00:30:25
immune system could produce a00:30:27
sufficient amount of antibodies capable of00:30:29
preventing the development of the disease and Yes,00:30:32
now the rabies vaccine is fully00:30:34
activated, that is, killed, unlike00:30:37
those forty injections that before they did00:30:39
not consist of whole weakened viral00:30:41
particles, but from rabies glycoprotein G and00:30:45
is now produced relatively humanely00:30:47
without the use of living beings only in00:30:50
cell cultures of bird embryos, also00:30:52
the vaccine has fewer side effects and00:30:55
in general it is easier to transport and00:30:57
store immunity from such vaccines can00:30:59
last even for three years, but00:31:02
as I said, in the beginning everything is very00:31:04
individual the development of the disease is00:31:06
influenced by a lot of factors. So I00:31:09
wouldn’t blindly rely on my00:31:10
good health and strong immune00:31:13
system. I would still go to the00:31:15
doctor if I was bitten by a dog,00:31:17
even taking into account the fact that I just recently00:31:20
got vaccinated, remember only a doctor00:31:22
will be able to correctly assess all the risks and00:31:25
dangers associated with this deadly00:31:27
disease,00:31:28
do not risk your health again.00:31:30
I would especially pay attention to people who are00:31:33
against00:31:34
rabies vaccinations, this is Nicole and not the flu, this is a00:31:37
completely00:31:39
fatal disease, once00:31:41
symptoms appear, a person always dies a00:31:44
painful and terrible death,00:31:46
there are only 18 confirmed ones00:31:48
cases when it was possible to cure people00:31:51
who had already begun to show00:31:53
symptoms of the disease, we are talking about the so-00:31:55
called Melok protocol, a special00:31:58
technique for keeping a person in a coma and00:32:00
actively bombarding his immune00:32:02
system, in the good sense of the word, with00:32:04
various antiviral drugs. In general, the00:32:07
essence of this experimental method00:32:08
lies in the assumption that the00:32:10
rabies virus does not irreversibly damage the00:32:12
human brain, but only for a time00:32:15
until the body can produce a00:32:16
sufficient amount of antibodies, but00:32:19
it simply does not live up to this moment, and in order to00:32:21
temporarily turn off the patient’s brain, you need to00:32:24
put him in a coma, wait until00:32:26
the body has time to produce an00:32:28
insufficient amount of antibodies, and then remove the00:32:31
person from this state and with00:32:33
minimal damage to brain function. Yes, it00:32:35
sounds very, very risky, but00:32:38
still it’s better than nothing. In September00:32:41
2004, 15-year-old Gina Giza from00:32:44
Wisconsin, while in church, was raised by a00:32:46
bat that grabbed her00:32:48
finger, the genie’s parents decided not to00:32:50
apply. to the hospital because it’s00:32:53
just a small bat,00:32:55
what’s wrong with that, but after three months,00:32:57
Gina began to show clinical00:32:59
symptoms of tremors and an almost complete00:33:01
inability to move, classic00:33:04
symptoms of damage to the nervous system, she was00:33:06
hospitalized and immediately transferred to a00:33:08
state hospital where they tested for00:33:10
rabies and diagnosed was confirmed and since the00:33:13
clinical symptoms of the disease had already00:33:14
appeared, she had little chance of survival,00:33:16
then the doctors00:33:18
suggested that her parents try a new00:33:21
Experimental method that could00:33:23
help the girl, the parents agreed,00:33:25
then the doctors, using ketamine and00:33:28
midozalam, put the girl in a state of00:33:29
artificial coma, essentially turning off00:33:32
her brain and began bombard her00:33:34
immune system with a combination of amantadine or00:33:37
baverine, Gina was kept in a coma for 6 days. That’s00:33:39
how long it took for her body to00:33:42
produce enough00:33:44
antibodies to00:33:46
fight the disease on its own, she was brought out of the00:33:49
coma and she began to recover;00:33:51
her brain was pleasantly practically undamaged00:33:54
after a month. They took tests for the00:33:56
presence of a virus in her body and it00:33:58
turned out to be absolutely clean. Gina completed a00:34:01
rehabilitation course and after a few00:34:03
weeks she was successfully discharged from the hospital. A00:34:05
year later she could already00:34:07
move independently and passed her license. She graduated from00:34:10
school and entered university, but00:34:12
unfortunately such cases of recovery are00:34:14
extremely rare And many of those who were00:34:17
cured remained disabled, because an00:34:19
artificial coma greatly00:34:21
injures the brain. Of course, I would like00:34:23
this method to find proper00:34:25
application in medicine and become absolutely00:34:27
safe, but at that time00:34:29
very few survive after this.00:34:31
This technique turned out to be especially ineffective00:34:33
against the virus of those strains that are not00:34:36
carried by bats, after an00:34:37
epidemiological00:34:39
investigation, it was even possible to identify a00:34:41
certain pattern in these cases;00:34:43
all those who survived were infected with a00:34:45
non-classical rabies virus, which00:34:47
usually infects domestic animals in00:34:50
Europe, and with another less dangerous virus,00:34:53
which is usually carried by bats; a00:34:55
study published in 2012 also says the same00:34:58
in the American Journal of00:35:00
Tropical Meditation and Hygiene, which00:35:02
simply shocked the scientific community, the00:35:04
essence of the study was that a00:35:07
group of CDC experts, American00:35:10
military virologists and epidemiologists from the00:35:13
Peruvian Ministry of Health00:35:15
tested local residents in the Perian00:35:17
jungle for the presence of antibodies to the rabies virus in their blood. It’s00:35:19
all about the fact that from00:35:21
that region over the past 20 years00:35:23
there have been a lot of complaints about00:35:25
vampire bats attacking people and00:35:27
livestock when the local residents are very00:35:29
far from civilization and it takes them00:35:32
several days to get00:35:34
to the nearest hospital in the process of interviewing00:35:36
local residents It turned out that out of 9200:35:39
people, 63 were bitten by bats;00:35:42
scientists also took blood samples from00:35:44
mice for comparison and it turned out that00:35:46
seven people had antibodies in their blood that00:35:48
neutralized the virus, that is,00:35:51
seven out of 63 people were00:35:54
immunized despite the fact that they had00:35:56
never received anti-robotic00:35:58
vaccines. Of course, that’s all these results do not00:36:00
mean that rabies is not a00:36:02
completely fatal disease.00:36:03
Perhaps there was another00:36:06
milder strain of the virus, but the very fact00:36:09
that such cases exist gives00:36:11
us hope that someday in the00:36:14
future we will still be able to overcome this00:36:15
deadly virus and For this, we will not00:36:17
need to rush to get a vaccine after00:36:19
each bite; it will be enough just to00:36:22
take the medicine when the symptoms have already appeared00:36:24
in order to survive, friends.00:36:27
Be careful as usual on the street, do00:36:29
not delay with vaccines and do not00:36:32
rely on the Russian. Maybe if you are00:36:33
suddenly bitten by a dog on the street rabies00:36:36
can be prevented, but it cannot be00:36:38
survived. Don’t expect to be the exception00:36:41
that will confirm the rules. And00:36:43
that’s all for me. Thank you all for00:36:45
watching and especially Thank you to those who00:36:47
support me with donations and especially to00:36:49
those who support me on Patreon,00:36:51
you know thanks to you and There is00:36:54
such content if If it weren’t for you, then there probably00:36:57
wouldn’t be a separate00:36:59
thank you, I would like to express my gratitude to00:37:00
Alexander Khilik Vyacheslav Beltsov and00:37:03
Ivan Zhukov guys, special00:37:05
respect to you You are very great Well done Well, to00:37:08
all those who wanted to support my00:37:10
work financially, the links will all be in the00:37:13
description Thank you all for watching00:37:15
Everyone bye00:37:23
[music]Description:
Канал Roman Galimov - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQvtjLb8q0qJIGOzh5TPdVg https://www.donationalerts.com/r/loony1 - Донат https://www.patreon.com/LoonyScience - Патреон Некоторые треки из ролика взяты у этого талантливого молодого человека LVCAI - https://vk.com/lvcai ДИСКЛЕЙМЕР: Я не медик и у меня нет медицинского образования, поэтому прошу вас, если вы заметите в ролике ошибки, все подробно описать в комментариях. Давайте продуктивно подходить к моим ошибкам :) Спасибо за содедействие. Другие видео из цикла - [История Медицины] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVeVF9PRaF4 - Видео про Испанку https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVGf95CqhKo&t=1s - Видео про Родильную горячку https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3s4KQGL2ktk - Видео про Эболу https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-9CKTcJ-kJA&t=199s - Видео про Малярию https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WngGPnWFCE&t=514s - Видео про Антибиотики https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7v1ma9iZl8&t=1861s - Видео про Антибиотикорезистентность Описание: Человек человеку - волк, а зомби зомби - зомби. Эта шуточная поговорка показывает нам довольно незамысловатые взаимоотношения зомби друг с другом в массовой культуре, и возвращает нас к своей изначальной версии, где говорится о сложности человеческих взаимодействий. Но нет такой поговорки, которая говорила бы о трудностях взаимоотношений человека и зомби. Причем, не в вымышленной вселенной Ричарда Мэтисона, а в самом что ни на есть реальном мире. Отложите все фантастические теории, сейчас мы будем говорить о бешенстве. Что вообще мы знаем о зомби? Изначально эти существа были плодом воображения приверженцев культа вуду. Тогда ходячие мертвецы вовсе не должны были заражать других людей, то были просто восставшие из могил покойники. Однако современных их представителей все старательнее привязывают к реальному миру, и теперь мы все чаще видим не мертвецов, поднятых из гробов мистическими силами, а жертв некого патогена, поражающего нервную систему и меняющего поведение, как бывает в случае заражения бешенством. Способы передачи схожи, как и, впрочем, природа возбудителя. Как правило, это вирус. Вообще вирус бешенства довольно немолодой. Упоминания об укусах бешеными псами встречаются еще в сводах законов древней Месопотамии, которым сейчас уже более 4000 лет. В античности это заболевание уже описали такие философы, как Аристотель, Цельс и Демокрит. А с 13-ого века в Европе время от времени случались вспышки эпизоотии, т.е эпидемий среди животных. Это не могло не оставить след в истории человечества, с каждой такой крупной вспышкой росло и число пострадавших людей, что заразились от домашних животн.... Инстаграмм - https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Я в ВК -https://vk.com/loondrom Мой паблик в ВК - https://vk.com/loonydrom Ссылки на материалы: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kratkaya-harakteristika-nozoareala-beshenstva https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/87/2/article-p206.xml https://studfile.net/preview/5243770/page:2/ https://grad.ua/istoriya-odessy/75822-borec-za-zdorove-cheloveka.html https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/pervye-pasterovskie-stantsii-v-rossii https://www.who.int/immunization/Rabies_Rus_updated10Mar08.pdf http://window.edu.ru/resource/581/77581/files/baryshnikov_vet_virusology.pdf https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021997508802241 https://pikabu.ru/story/tyomnaya_istoriya_beshenstva_6207608 https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/43262/WHO_TRS_931_eng.pdf;jsessionid=F88C0A536FEE80B4136B279E3485ABE1?sequence=1 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X96003143 https://litlife.club/books/112728/read?page=1 https://medaboutme.ru/articles/virus_beshenstva_istoriya_otkrytiya/ https://www.techinsider.ru/science/13256-virus-beshenstva-bich-chelovechestva/ https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/09/rabies-vaccines-prevention https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rabies https://biomolecula.ru/articles/smertonosnyi-kus https://chem21.info/info/97987/ https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/o-beshenstve https://biomolecula.ru/articles/kuznitsa-nobelevskikh-kadrov https://medportal.ru/enc/infection/neiro/neiro/?scroll=true https://elementy.ru/trefil/21139/Mikrobnaya_teoriya_infektsionnykh_zabolevaniy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLFaEyun5k0 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01314774?error=cookies_not_supported&code=a9cfdc68-e948-4531-a4c7-5e304a58b713 https://www.scielo.br/j/jvatitd/a/PZMf65MHTJjpRdsNT9Z6Hxw/?lang=en https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/antirabicheskie-vaktsiny-dlya-zhivotnyh-primenyaemye-v-rossii https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/beshenstvo https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/kratkaya-harakteristika-nozoareala-beshenstva https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/beshenstvo-v-vostochnoy-sibiri-v-xx-nachale-xxi-vekov Книги: Охотники на микробов - Поль де Крюи По следам минувших эпидемий - Константин Николаевич Токаревич,Татьяна Ивановна Грекова
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