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#учебниквслух

аудио уроки

школьный учебник

леса умеренного пояса

география

8 класс

домогацких

смешанные леса

темнохвойные леса

светлохвойные леса

тайга

заболоченность

гнус

энцефалит

животные тайги

животные смешанных лесов

дальневосточная тайга

животные дальнего востока

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grade topic of the lesson: forests of the temperate zone; a

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wide strip of forests crosses

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our country from its western borders to the

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Pacific Ocean; this is the largest

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natural zone in Russia; the climate in the

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forest zone varies greatly both from north

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to south and from west to east. different types of

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climate correspond to different forests,

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therefore the forest zone is divided into a zone of

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coniferous forests or taiga and a zone of

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mixed and broad-leaved forests. The

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taiga occupies the northern part of the forest

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zone. The taiga is characterized by relatively

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warm summers and rather cold winters.

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Coniferous trees have the ability to

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withstand extreme cold in this area. They are

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helped by the hard pine needles, which do not freeze even

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in severe frosts;

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snow accumulates on the branches of coniferous

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trees; it presses them against the trunks; as

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a result, the tree ends up in a snow

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coat; it protects the trunk from freezing;

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additional protection is provided to these

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trees and the resin

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contained in their wood; the

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large density of coniferous forests helps preserve heat in winter.

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closely standing tree trunks also

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retain heat in the summer; in

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dense coniferous forests it is

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relatively cool; the sun's rays

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hardly penetrate the earth's surface;

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therefore, coniferous forests have little grass and

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shrubs, but there are many mushrooms;

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they do not need sunlight; there are

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two types of taiga forests;

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dark coniferous forests, consisting

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mainly of spruce and fir

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are common in the strip from the western

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borders of the country to the Yenisei to the east of the

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Yenisei at the same latitudes,

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light coniferous taiga dominates in which

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larch predominates; this is the most

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resistant of coniferous trees,

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larch grows even in

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permafrost conditions in the winter it

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sheds its needles and in this in its condition, it is

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not afraid even of frosts,

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which are usually for areas with a sharply

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continental climate;

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precipitation in the taiga exceeds evaporation,

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which contributes to significant

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moisture in the territory; therefore, there is

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a lot of swampiness here;

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podzolic and permafrost taiga soils

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are the most typical for the

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taiga zone; they are formed in conditions of

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excess moisture and moderate

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air temperatures; specifics The

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fauna of the taiga is associated with the density of these forests

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and the almost complete absence of herbaceous

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vegetation, which leads to the fact that

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animals typical of the taiga lead an

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arboreal lifestyle sable kolinsky squirrel

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wolverine marten chipmunk many

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birds, especially small woodpeckers cedar

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landslides among insects there are many

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blood-sucking mosquitoes and midges forming

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clouds of gnats interfering with a person’s work and

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exhausting animals; in addition, in the taiga

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there are ticks, some species of which

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are carriers of the severe disease of

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encephalitis, to prevent infection with

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encephalitis, before going to work in the

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taiga, they give anti-encephalitis

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vaccinations and

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anti-encephalitis vaccinations, and the vaccination is very

00:03:54

difficult for humans to tolerate,

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so you should not do it for a walk

00:03:59

in the coniferous forest for example, for mushrooms, but you need to follow

00:04:03

certain safety measures,

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try not to wander through these forests with your

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head uncovered;

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it is better to button up the cuffs and collar of a shirt or jacket;

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remember, the main thing is that a tick cannot bite

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through thick fabric; and of course,

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large

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animals such as bears, wolves, and

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wild boars feel good in the taiga elk mixed and

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broad-leaved forests do not form a

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continuous strip; they grow only on the

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East European Plain and in the

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Far East where the climate is significantly

00:04:41

warmer and humid. What is especially important

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for plants in this zone is

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that the winters here are not so cold,

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so there is no need for

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various protective mechanisms

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deciduous trees

00:04:56

They absorb the sun's rays much more actively; they have

00:04:59

spreading crowns; they grow at a great

00:05:02

distance from each other; therefore, in

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mixed and broad-leaved forests there is

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much better illumination; many grasses;

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shrubs

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and shrubs; abundant annual

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leaf litter; sufficient amount of

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moisture and warm summers; all this makes it

00:05:21

possible for fairly

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fertile soils under mixed soils to develop and

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broad-leaved forests

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in the southern part under the zone there are brown and

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gray forest soils and in the northern

00:05:35

soddy-podzolic broad-leaved

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forests of the eastern and European plains there are

00:05:40

much more terrestrial herbivores and

00:05:43

predators here, usually hares, brown

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deer and wild boars, foxes,

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wolves and the largest inhabitant of

00:05:54

these forests is bison although the fauna of

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deciduous forests and taiga has

00:06:01

differences, there are animals living

00:06:04

in all areas of the forest zone squirrel brown bear elk lynx

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grouse owl eagle owl and

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others

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everywhere in the forest zone the

00:06:17

common viper lives although you won’t see it

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like that and just special mention needs to be made about the forests of the

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Far East

00:06:25

although in terms of the composition of tree vegetation

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they are mixed,

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traditionally they are called the

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Far Eastern Ussuri taiga, and so on, the

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uniqueness of the natural situation in the

00:06:40

forests of the Far East lies in the fact

00:06:43

that they bizarrely combine northern

00:06:46

taiga

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and southern species of animals and plants from the

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taiga, the most typical elk brown bear sable

00:06:53

chipmunk from southern species

00:06:58

are found black Himalayan bear

00:07:01

Amur tiger Far Eastern leopard

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raccoon dog

00:07:06

the reason for this was the same

00:07:09

climate fluctuations that led to the

00:07:11

alternation of ice ages and between

00:07:14

Nicole Hey the climate cooling in the extreme

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east of Eurasia was not very

00:07:20

significant and the

00:07:22

existing flora and

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fauna were preserved here and when As the climate warmed into the

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Ice Age world,

00:07:31

animals and plants that lived

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much further south moved here, so we met a

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brown bear with the Himalayan and an elk with a

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tiger, let us repeat the main thing, the forest zone

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occupies more than 60 percent of the

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country's territory and lies in a wide strip and its

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western borders reach the Pacific Ocean

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due to strong differences in climate

00:07:58

in this vast territory there are

00:08:01

several sub-zones forest zone the northern

00:08:05

part of the forest zone is

00:08:06

occupied by taiga it is characterized by

00:08:09

relatively warm summers and rather

00:08:12

cold winters

00:08:13

coniferous trees predominate that can

00:08:16

withstand severe frosts

00:08:19

there are two types of taiga forests

00:08:22

dark coniferous forests mainly of spruce

00:08:25

and fir are common in the strip

00:08:28

from the western borders of the country to the Yenisei, to

00:08:32

the east of the Yenisei, the territory is occupied by

00:08:34

light-coniferous taiga, in which

00:08:37

larch dominates, the most

00:08:39

frost-resistant coniferous tree under the zone of

00:08:43

mixed and broad-leaved forests

00:08:45

does not form a continuous strip, these forests are

00:08:49

found only on the East European

00:08:51

Plain, not in the Far East, where the climate

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significantly warmer and more humid

00:08:57

taiga forests are dominated by arboreal

00:09:00

animals, mixed and broad-leaved,

00:09:03

many large terrestrial animals, at the same

00:09:07

time there are many species of animals that

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live in forests of any type: squirrel

00:09:12

brown bear moose flight common viper black

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grouse owl femen and others

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in the forests of the Far East are found as

00:09:24

northern taiga and southern species of

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animal plants from the taiga animals

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live here elk musk deer brown bear

00:09:34

chipmunk southern species of animals

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are represented by the black Himalayan bear

00:09:41

Amur tiger Far Eastern

00:09:44

leopard raccoon dog

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