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00:00:00
Hi, I'm Rebecca. In this class, we will learn
all about the future perfect tense. Now, this00:00:07
class is part of a series, created by www.engvid.com, to help you master all of the English verb00:00:13
tenses, step by step. Now, the future perfect tense is an advanced tense, and it will allow00:00:21
you to speak about the future in a really
interesting way that may or may not exist00:00:27
in your own language. So, shall we begin?
Let's get started.00:00:33
So, we can use the future perfect tense in
two ways. We use it to talk about an action00:00:42
that will be completed before a specific time
in the future, or before another action in00:00:53
the future. So, let me explain again. It's
an action that will be finished or completed00:01:02
before a specific time in the future, or a
specific other action in the future. Okay?00:01:11
Let's look at an example. Then, you'll understand
a little bit better, and as we go through00:01:15
the lesson, you'll understand more and more.
Alright.00:01:18
So, let's look at this timeline. Let's pretend
that I'm a university student and this is00:01:25
where I am right now, okay? This is the present
in time. And I'm thinking ahead and so I'm00:01:32
saying, "Okay, six months from now, I will
finish university", but when I think ahead00:01:40
I say, therefore, "A year from now, or next
year at this time, what things will already00:01:49
be over next year, at this time, I will have
finished university. I will have completed00:01:58
all my classes. I will have passed all my
exams" and all of those things. So, what we're00:02:04
doing is we're using the future perfect to
explain all the things that will already be00:02:10
finished before a point in the future. Okay?
And as we go along, you'll understand more00:02:17
and more.00:02:19
Let's just look very quickly at the structure.
So, that's really easy. You just take the00:02:24
subject, I, You, We, They, He, She, It, which
you know very well. You add these two words00:02:33
for every subject, you don't have to change
anything, just say, for example, "I will have"00:02:40
and then we take the verb, a regular verb,
you can use the past participle or the past00:02:46
participle of an irregular verb. Doesn't matter.
Again, I'll explain that. So, you could say,00:02:52
"I will have finished university." I will
have completed my courses. I will have attended00:02:59
my classes, and so on, okay? That's the basic
overview.00:03:03
Now, let's look at when to use the future
perfect tense, so you can understand a little00:03:08
more clearly. So, we use it, remember, to
describe an action that will be completed00:03:18
before a specific time in the future. For
example: By next July, they will have moved00:03:27
to the States, they will have started new
jobs, and they will have bought a home. So,00:03:35
where is the future perfect here? In three
places. "Will have moved", "will have started",00:03:46
and "will have bought". Right? By this time
in the future, by next July, these three things00:03:55
will have happened already. Okay? That means
these things will have happened before. They00:04:04
will have moved. They will have started new
jobs, and they will have bought a home before00:04:10
next July. Okay? Alright.00:04:14
We can also use it to talk about a completed
action that happens before another action00:04:21
in the future. I know, it all sounds a little
bit tricky, but it's not. It's really pretty00:04:28
easy to understand. So, let's look at the
example: Before you arrive, we will have eaten00:04:36
dinner and the kids will have gone to bed.
Alright? So, before you arrive, certain things00:04:44
will already have happened. For that, we're
using that future perfect tense. All of this00:04:50
is happening in the future. You're going to
arrive in the future, and these things that00:04:54
I'm going to describe are going to happen
in the future. Everything is in the future,00:04:59
but in that future, what will happen first?
So, before you arrive, we will have eaten00:05:06
dinner and the kids will have gone to bed.
"Will have eaten", "will have gone", okay?00:05:16
So here, we're linking it to another action
in the future. Here, we linked it to another00:05:23
time in the future. Okay?00:05:26
Next, we use it with certain expressions.
There are certain common expressions that00:05:31
you'll often find when using this tense, or
when you're reading this tense. Words like:00:05:38
before, right? We saw that. Before you arrive,
or by the time you arrive. By the time I finish00:05:46
university, okay? Or: by 9:00, alright? By
Monday, by next summer, okay? These are some00:05:56
common words and expressions that you can
use when you're using the future perfect tense.00:06:02
Now, let's look at the structure of the future
perfect tense. So, I've divided the board00:06:07
into three sections for positive sentences,
negative sentences, and for questions. So,00:06:16
let's go through them step by step.00:06:19
So, with a positive sentence, we're basically
going to follow this structure. We take the00:06:25
subject, which is any one of these words,
or any other word which is functioning as00:06:31
a subject. We add "will have" always, doesn't
matter which subject, and then you have to00:06:39
add the past participle of the verb. What
does that mean? It depends if we're talking00:06:46
about a regular verb or an irregular verb.
They change, the past participles are different.00:06:52
For a regular verb, it's simply the same past
tense form that you've always used, alright?00:06:59
Like work - worked. Brush - brushed. Dance
- danced, okay? That's the past participle00:07:06
form. It's the same as the simple past tense.
Now, with the irregular verbs, you have to00:07:13
learn that third form, okay? So, for example,
"leave, left, left", "I see, I saw, I have00:07:22
seen", right, seen. So, that third form is
what we need to use, and that is the past00:07:29
participle of the irregular verb, alright?
Now, when you study the verbs, you'll understand00:07:36
what is exactly that irregular form, and there's
always a list of irregular verbs in most grammar00:07:41
books. Okay? Alright.00:07:43
So, let's look at the positive sentence now.
So, you would say: I will have arrived. Let's00:07:51
say 24 hours from now, I will have arrived
in Tokyo. Okay? You will have arrived. We00:08:02
will have arrived. You can repeat it after
me. They will have arrived. He will have arrived.00:08:12
She will have arrived. It will have arrived.
For example, the delivery, the parcel, okay?00:08:19
The email, etc. Okay? That's with the regular
verb.00:08:24
Let's continue with the regular verb first,
okay? To make it negative, it's really easy.00:08:30
All we're doing is we're just adding "not",
okay? I will not have arrived by that time.00:08:38
You will not have arrived. We will not have
arrived. They will not have arrived. He will00:08:45
not have arrived. She will not have arrived,
and It will not have arrived, okay? So, that's00:08:53
really easy.00:08:54
Now, let's look at the question. With the
question, it would be: Will you have arrived?00:09:01
So here, it gets a little bit separated, right?
So, you have the "will" first, then you have00:09:07
your subject, and then "have" + the verb,
the past participle. So, "Will you have arrived00:09:15
by 8:00?" Will they have arrived home by then?
Okay? Will she have arrived tomorrow? Okay?00:09:25
By tomorrow? That's how the question would
be with the regular verb.00:09:29
With the irregular verb, basically you just
need that third form, which is the past participle,00:09:36
and then you follow the same structure, right?
You will have left by that time. They will00:09:42
have left. "Left" is the third form of the
verb "to leave", okay? And, if you want to00:09:51
make it negative, you would say, "They will
not have left." Again, we're just adding the00:09:57
"not", alright, to make it negative. There
is a contraction, which I will show you soon.00:10:03
But, for now, this is the basic structure,
alright? And then, again, the same thing if00:10:08
you're asking a question with the regular
or irregular verb, doesn't matter. You're00:10:13
following the same structure. So, "Will they
have left by that time?" Will she have left?00:10:21
Okay? That's basically it.00:10:24
Sometimes, when you're asking a question,
you might want to put in a phrase, a kind00:10:28
of like a question word or a phrase, like
"By what time will they have arrived?" So,00:10:35
I could write that, yeah? I could say "By
what time", and then I'll have to not make00:10:47
it capital, but just write with a small letter,
okay? Because I'm continuing it. By what time00:10:55
will they have arrived? Okay? That's it. And
if you've understood this, you've understood00:11:00
the structure of this tense. And basically,
just remember the "will have", and that's00:11:07
the key.00:11:08
Now, let's look at how we form contractions
with the future perfect tense. So, let's look00:11:14
at this sentence: I will have moved. That's
a sentence in the future perfect tense. But00:11:21
very often, in informal English, in conversational
English, we use contractions or shortened00:11:28
forms. So, let's see how to do that.00:11:31
So, instead of saying "I will", we can say,
"I'll". Say it after me: I'll, okay? It's00:11:40
a little bit tricky sometimes, to get that
"l" sound out, but you can. But make sure00:11:45
you are saying the "l" sound if you want to
use the contraction. Because otherwise, it00:11:51
will sound like "I have moved", and that's
different, okay? So, how did we get to this?00:11:59
We basically cancelled this part here and
added an apostrophe, and then we joined these00:12:07
two words and so it became "I'll". Say it
after me: I'll have moved. You'll have moved.00:12:21
Let's just say this part, okay? Because this
is the part we want to focus on. Later, you00:12:25
can say it by itself or in
a sentence. We'll. They'll. He'll. She'll.00:12:44
Let's say a couple of sentences: They'll have
moved. She'll have moved. Okay? So, you need00:12:54
to hear that "l" part before you go on. So,
that's for the positive sentence.00:13:00
Now, with the negative sentence, it's going
to be a little bit different. So, what happens00:13:07
- the normal negative sentence is "I will
not have moved", right? But, when we contract00:13:16
it, it's not logical. It doesn't follow the
normal rules, we just have to use another00:13:24
word. There's a kind of a linguistic history
why this happens, but it doesn't matter for00:13:31
you. For you, unless you're really, really
interested, you can look it up. But for now,00:13:36
just learn this form, and so, instead of saying
"I will not have moved", you just say, "I00:13:45
won't". Instead of "will not", we say "won't".
Say it after me: I won't have moved. You won't.00:13:58
We won't. They won't. He won't have moved.
She won't have moved by then. Okay? So, that's00:14:14
basically it. That's how we form the contractions
in the future perfect tense.00:14:20
Now, let's look at some of the spelling changes
we need to make when using the future perfect00:14:25
tense. So, the changes will be in the verbs,
right? Either you're going to use a regular00:14:33
verb or an irregular verb. The first part
of the structure is, more or less, the same.00:14:39
You use the subject, then you use "will have",
then you have to use the past participle.00:14:46
So, that's what we're going to look at. The
past participle of regular verbs and of irregular00:14:52
verbs.00:14:53
So, with regular verbs, it's just the regular
past simple form. So, let's look at some patterns00:15:00
of spelling changes that you need to make.
With most verbs, all you have to do to form00:15:08
that past participle or past simple form is
add -ed, right? That's all we're doing, we're00:15:15
adding -ed. Just like here: work becomes worked.
Check becomes checked. So, most verbs, we00:15:27
just add an -ed.00:15:29
With some verbs, however, we need to make
other changes. If the verb already ends with00:15:35
an e, then we don't need to add -ed, we just
add -d. For example: live becomes lived. Change00:15:49
becomes changed. Alright? So, all we added
there was just a -d.00:15:55
Next, let's look at another pattern of words.
If you have a word that ends - a verb, actually00:16:04
- that ends with a y, and before the y you
have a consonant, which means any other which00:16:12
is not a vowel. A vowel is A, E, I, O, U.
But if you have a y, and before the y you00:16:19
have a consonant like here: try, right? It
ends with y, and before it is a consonant,00:16:28
then what we do is we cancel the y and add
-ied. So, try becomes tried. Study becomes00:16:42
studied. Right? Same thing. I will have tried
my best. I will have studied for the exam.00:16:52
Right? Like that.00:16:55
And the last pattern that we can kind of see,
or one of the main patterns, is for verbs00:17:01
that end with what's called a c-v-c pattern.
So, "c" stands for consonant and "v" stands00:17:09
for vowel. So, we look at the verb from the
end. Let's look at this one, starts with a00:17:16
c at the end, then we have a vowel, and then
another c for consonant, right? C-v-c. So,00:17:26
when you see a verb like that, when we look
at it from the end and it has this pattern,00:17:32
then you double the last letter. So, ship
becomes shipped. They will have shipped your00:17:41
order, right? We see that here. Or, hug. To
hug means to embrace, like to embrace a child00:17:51
or embrace somebody that you love is to hug.
So, this also has a c-v-c pattern. So, the00:18:00
last letter gets doubled. Hug - hugged. Alright?
There you go.00:18:05
So, these are some of the main changes with
the regular verbs. Now, with the irregular00:18:11
verbs, that's the third form, and you pretty
much have to learn them, and you probably00:18:19
know lots of them already. Because you've
heard them, you've read them, and you may00:18:24
know many more than you actually realize.
But these are just some of them that I've00:18:29
given to you, a few of the most common.00:18:32
For example: go becomes gone in the third
form, alright? We're talking about that third00:18:38
form, that past participle that we need to
use with the future perfect tense. I will00:18:45
have gone. Do becomes done. He will have done
his homework. Give becomes given. They will00:18:56
have given. Take becomes taken. We will have
taken. Write becomes written. She will have00:19:10
written the report. Okay? And these are just
a few of them. There are many more. You can00:19:17
find a long list of them in any good grammar
book, or online.00:19:21
Now, let's practice what we've been learning.
So, we're going to take some positive sentences,00:19:28
some negative ones, and one question. And
we're going to change them all into the future00:19:34
perfect tense. Alright.00:19:37
Number one: By the time he gets to the airport,
the flight __________ (arrive). We want you00:19:45
to use the verb "arrive". So, how can you
express that in the future perfect? By the00:19:53
time he gets to the airport, the flight - yes
- will have - and then "arrive" is a regular00:20:07
verb, so it becomes "arrived". Okay? Will
have arrived. Good.00:20:16
Let's look at number two: Next August, we
________ (be) - using the verb "be" - We _________00:20:25
married for 25 years. What would that one
be? Next August, we - yes - will have - and00:20:42
what's the form of "be" that we have to use
here? That's an irregular verb. What's the00:20:49
third form? Will have been married for 25
years. Okay? "Will have been", "Will have00:21:00
arrived", these are all future perfect tense.
Okay.00:21:05
Number three: By 3:00, he __________ (give)
his presentation. And we want to use the verb00:21:15
"give". So, what would that be? By 3:00, he
will have - give becomes what? Given, okay?00:21:35
This is another irregular verb. The three
forms of that are "give, gave, given". And00:21:42
here, we need that third form. Alright.00:21:46
Number four: By 9:00pm, we ___________ (have)
dinner. Now, the verb you're going to use00:21:56
is "have". Don't let that confuse you. So:
We - what do we say? We will have - what's00:22:12
your verb? The verb you have to use - this
you have to say anyway, right? Will have.00:22:19
Now, you have to take the verb, just like
you took "give" and made it "given", you take00:22:24
"have" and make it what? We will have had
dinner. Yes, we have this kind of construction00:22:35
in English. We will have had dinner. Why?
Because the expression here is "to have dinner",00:22:43
so that's your verb. Just like here, the expression
was "to give a presentation". Alright? Or00:22:50
here, "to be married". So, whatever that verb
is, you use the third form of that. Okay?00:22:57
Alright, very good.00:22:59
Now, let's make some sentences negative. I
__________ (finish) work by 8:00pm. The verb00:23:08
is "finish", but now, we're going to make
it negative. So, what will that be? I will00:23:23
not have finished, right? Because finish becomes
finished, right? I will not have finished00:23:37
work by 8:00pm, okay? Or, if we wanted to
contract it, what could we say? I won't - I00:23:51
won't have finished work by 8:00pm, okay?
Very nice.00:23:56
Number six: They ____________ (do) their homework.
What does that become? They will not have00:24:12
- what does do become? It's an irregular verb,
and the third form is - they will not have00:24:22
done their homework. Alright? Very nice.00:24:27
Now, for the last one, let's make a question.
So: ______ he __________ (eat) by then? How00:24:39
do we start the question? Which word first?
The word "will" - Will he have - what's the00:24:53
form of the verb we need here? It's an irregular
verb. Will he have eaten by then? Okay? Alright.00:25:05
So, how did you do on those? Did you feel
good? You're getting the hang of it? You're00:25:10
getting used to it? That's the way. Practice
is always the best way to perfect something.00:25:15
Now, let's look at some common mistakes that
are made when using the future perfect tense.00:25:22
So, sometimes, the mistake is in the verb
form for regular verbs. Let's look at an example,00:25:29
and then you can help me to fix it. "By Monday,
he will have start his new job." So, where's00:25:39
the mistake? The mistake is in the verb itself,
in the regular verb. What should it be? By00:25:49
Monday, he will have - not "start" but "started",
right? We have to change it to that form.00:26:02
He will have started his new job. So, sometimes
that regular verb isn't changed properly.00:26:10
So, make sure that when you're writing it
and using it, you do change it.00:26:14
Sometimes, the mistake is in the verb form
for an irregular verb. For example: In the00:26:21
next few years, they will have teach thousands
of children. So, again, where's the mistake?00:26:31
In the verb form itself. This is an irregular
verb. Let's go through it again: In the next00:26:38
few years, they will have _________ thousands
of children. So, what's the third form of00:26:46
"teach"? It is "taught", taught. They will
have taught thousands of children. Okay? Good.00:27:02
Spelling. Sometimes, the mistakes are in spelling.
We looked at some of those earlier. For example:00:27:09
By next month, we will have planed the conference.
That's what the person wanted to write, but00:27:19
they made a little mistake in the spelling.
Where's the mistake? Can you find it? So,00:27:25
the mistake is actually in the spelling of
the verb. So, let's look carefully: By next00:27:32
month, we will have - whoops. That's wrong.
Look, it's - the verb is "plan", right? So,00:27:42
there's c-v-c, right? So, it should be "planned",
right? We need to - in this case, we needed00:27:52
to double the last letter.00:27:55
And sometimes, the mistake is in the question
form. Let's look at what this student wrote:00:28:03
You will have finished shopping by that time?
Now, if somebody said that, will I understand00:28:09
them? Yes, I will understand them. But is
it correct? No, it's not correct. And if you00:28:15
write that in a test or an exam or an email,
it doesn't sound very good. It's not correct.00:28:21
So, how could we fix it. It's really easy.
Remember the form for the question? How will00:28:28
it start? It will start like this: instead
of "you will", which is like a sentence, we00:28:36
change the order and we write "Will you have
finished shopping by that time?" okay? So,00:28:47
remember, questions start with "will you",
"will they", "will we", "will he", right?00:28:52
That's the way we start the questions.00:28:54
Now, these are just a few examples that I
gave you, but they're just to show you the00:28:59
kind of mistakes that are possible. So, be
careful not to make mistakes with the verb00:29:06
form for regular verbs or irregular verbs,
the spelling of the verbs, and especially00:29:11
with the questions.00:29:13
So now, let's review. We have learned how
to use the future perfect tense and when to00:29:20
use it. And you know how to use it when you
can do three things: make a positive sentence,00:29:27
a negative sentence, and a question, such
as we have on the board.00:29:33
So, let's have a look at them. He will have
retired. Here, we have a regular verb, "to00:29:40
retire" means to stop working, because you
reach a certain age. So, we could say, "By00:29:46
next year, he will have retired." Or: By next
year, he will not have retired. Or, we could00:29:55
ask a question: Will he have retired by next
year? Okay? When you can move quickly between00:30:03
those sentences, you've got it.00:30:06
Let's take an example with an irregular verb:
She will have spoken to John by next week.00:30:13
Or: She will not have spoken to John by next
week. Or: Will she have spoken to John by00:30:21
next week? Alright? Again, here we have the
irregular verb "speak", which became "spoken".00:30:28
So yes, you have to learn those as you go
along.00:30:32
But I think you've done an amazing job. You
stuck with me till the end, and I know that00:30:37
you're serious, and I'm sure that you've mastered
a lot of this already. So, what you can do00:30:42
now is write some sentences of your own. Practice
saying some sentences of your own to talk00:30:48
about your life, to talk about people in your
life. What will you have achieved by next00:30:54
year? What will you have done by next year?
What will have completed by next year? Write00:31:01
out some sentences. Write out some plans,
write out your vision for the future, okay?00:31:07
And you can use this tense and practice it.00:31:10
Then, when you're ready and you feel that
you're comfortable with this tense, move on00:31:16
to our next class, which is on the future
perfect continuous tense, which is also called00:31:23
the future perfect progressive tense. Alright?
And if you'd like to do a little more practice00:31:31
on this, you can always do a quiz at www.engvid.com
. So, thanks very much for watching, and I00:31:38
wish you the very best with your English.Description:
Learn all about the FUTURE PERFECT tense (“I will have graduated”; “I will have spoken”) in this advanced English grammar class. Using this tense correctly shows that you can communicate at a very high level of general, academic, or professional English. We’ll cover structure, usage, spelling, contractions, questions, short answers, past participles, irregular verbs, pronunciation, and common errors. We’ll move forward step-by-step and practice together, so you understand how to think in English. Speaking or writing in this tense can definitely get you a higher score on your IELTS or TOEFL! When you’re ready, you can move forward by watching the next class in our engVid English tense series, which is the future perfect continuous tense. Congratulations – you’ve made amazing progress in your English! In this lesson: Future Perfect: Overview 0:00 When to use the Future Perfect tense 3:04 How to use the Future Perfect tense 6:02 Future Perfect: Contractions 11:08 Future Perfect: Spelling 14:20 Future Perfect: Practice 19:21 Future Perfect: Common Errors 25:15 Future Perfect: Conclusion 29:13 Take the quiz on this lesson at https://www.engvid.com/future-perfect/
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