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00:00:02

Hello everyone, this is freaks cool, my name is

00:00:04

Sasha Shitov, here we are preparing for the Unified State Exam in

00:00:06

social studies,

00:00:07

there are about 200 countries in the world

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and they all differ from each other

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in terms of logic, there are

00:00:13

rich and poor countries in terms of

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demographics,

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yes, you have countries of population with a

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growing population and a decreasing one from the point of view of

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geography, there are northern and southern

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countries and so on, and political scientists

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also divide countries into different categories, these

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categories are called forms of the state, a

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person taking the Unified State Exam in social studies

00:00:31

must understand them, and so the forms of

00:00:34

the state are a set of characteristics that

00:00:36

determine the way organization of power

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who owns the power to what extent

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how he received it and what he can do with it

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the form of the state includes three

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main characteristics first form of

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government second form of

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government and 3 political regime that

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is, in each state there is a

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certain form of government a

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certain form of

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government and a certain political

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regime, let's go in order form of government

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form of government is a characteristic that

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includes the composition of the bodies of supreme

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power, the order of their formation and

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distribution of competence between them, there

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are two main forms of government, a

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monarchy and a republic. In a monarchy,

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there is a person whose power

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is transferred to him by inheritance and is not

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limited by the terms of office of the kings in in

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Russia, kings and queens in England,

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sultans in Turkey, emperors in Japan,

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but in a republic, the bodies of supreme power

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are formed by the population or part of it

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through elections; the terms of office of the

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president, deputies and other

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elected officials are limited, so the

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presidential term in the republic of the

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Russian Federation is 6 years and elections of

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deputies in the State Duma

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is held every five years, but not everything is so

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simple,

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there are different types of monarchy and different

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types of republics, the monarchy can be

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absolute, dualistic and

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parliamentary, absolute monarchy is

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when the power of the monarch is not limited by anyone,

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he can appoint any officials,

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judges, introduce new taxes, declare

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war and make other decisions

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independently and the legislative and

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executive powers are

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completely under its control in Russia, an

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absolute monarchy existed from the era of

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Peter the Great until the beginning of the 20th century,

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today there are almost no such states

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left, except that one can include

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Saudi Arabia, Qatar and a number of other

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states, in contrast to the absolute

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monarchy in the other two In all types, the power of the

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monarch is limited, as it were, to a fragment of the

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republic, and in parliamentary and

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dualistic monarchies there are

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additional centers of state

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power, representative bodies elected by the population,

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that is, parliament, and in a

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dualistic monarchy, monark still

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has executive power, but the

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legislative power has to be divided in

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Russia, the dualistic monarchy

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existed from 1905 to 1917, under

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Nicholas II, Cancer still

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formed governments accountable to him,

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that is, he had executive power,

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but it was no longer possible to pass a new law without the participation of

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the State Duma.

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Usually it is true in dualistic monarchies,

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monark, parliament has the right to dissolve

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and veto the decision it makes,

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today a dualistic monarchy can be

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attributed to Liechtenstein uveitis

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and Monaco the third type of monarchy is

00:03:12

parliamentary parliamentary monarchies

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legislative power belongs to

00:03:15

parliament the executive government

00:03:17

appointed by parliament and the monarch

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retains only some

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representative ceremonial functions

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the monarch can make official

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visits and sign decrees

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that are valid only

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if they have been previously approved by the

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relevant minister today for example,

00:03:33

parliamentary monarchies are

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Japan, here is the current emperor of

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the Netherlands,

00:03:38

here is their king, and of course, let’s

00:03:41

summarize one of the constituent forms of

00:03:43

the state is the form of government,

00:03:45

one of the forms of government is

00:03:47

the monarchy, which comes in three types,

00:03:49

let’s move on to the next form of government, the

00:03:52

republic, in which the population elects the

00:03:55

government for a certain period of time,

00:03:56

exists There are three types of republics:

00:03:58

presidential, parliamentary and mixed,

00:04:00

and depending on what

00:04:03

functions these bodies have, how I

00:04:05

distribute

00:04:06

powers between them, how they are formed in a

00:04:08

parliamentary republic, most of

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the power is concentrated in the hands of the

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parliament, its deputies elect the

00:04:14

president whose powers are nominal,

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and the parliament forms the government

00:04:18

and appoints it chairman who

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concentrate the

00:04:22

executive power of the government in their hands, its

00:04:24

chairman is responsible to

00:04:26

parliament, parliamentary republics

00:04:28

include, for example, Germany and Italy, it is

00:04:31

unlikely that many of you know these people,

00:04:33

this is the heart of Mattarella and Frank-Walter

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Steinmeier, the current president of both

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Italy and Germany, we see much more often

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these people are the heads of government Giuseppe

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Kant and Angela Merkel

00:04:43

elected by the parliaments of their countries in a

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presidential republic the president is

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elected by popular vote and

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himself heads the executive branch and

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appoints ministers responsible to

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him therefore in presidential republics

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the post of head of government is usually

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absent, presidential republics

00:05:01

include, for example, the United States,

00:05:03

Brazil and Belarus mixed or semi-

00:05:06

presidential republic, the government

00:05:08

is formed by the president with the approval of

00:05:10

parliament and bears double

00:05:11

responsibility both to the president and

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to parliament; mixed or semi-

00:05:16

presidential republics include,

00:05:18

for example, France and Ukraine;

00:05:19

similar types of republics, see the

00:05:22

table below, there is also a list of

00:05:23

basic terms; we finished with the first

00:05:25

management of them only 2 and for each tripod

00:05:28

type we move on to the next element of the form of

00:05:31

the state is the state

00:05:33

structure this characteristic is the distribution of power

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over the territory if the form of government

00:05:38

describes the structure of the central

00:05:40

authorities then the state structure

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shows

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what parts

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the state consists of territorially and how they interact with each other

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I have no -the

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independence of the most loose, weakly

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wedged state structure

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is a confederation; a confederation is

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not even exactly a state, but rather a union of

00:05:57

independent states that have

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sovereignty but have united to

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solve some common problems; the most

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striking modern example is the

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European Union, in all countries of

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which there is a

00:06:09

common currency, the euro, between countries

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there is no passport control countries

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pursue a joint

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defense policy and elect deputies of the common

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legislative body of the European Parliament,

00:06:19

while on the territory of each country the

00:06:21

priority of its own

00:06:23

constitution and its own laws is maintained; a

00:06:25

member state of the confederation can at

00:06:27

any time leave the union, as the

00:06:30

UK recently demonstrated the following type

00:06:31

of state structure, this is a

00:06:33

federation, the federation consists of parts of the

00:06:36

subjects of the federation that have a

00:06:38

certain level of independence,

00:06:40

they can form their own authorities,

00:06:42

have their own legislation and

00:06:44

even a constitution, but priority still

00:06:47

belongs to the central, that is, federal

00:06:48

authorities, you don’t have to go far for examples.

00:06:51

Russia is a federation consisting of 85

00:06:54

subjects outside there is a federal government and a

00:06:56

federal constitution, but at the same time,

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elections of heads of subjects are held in the constituent entities, the

00:07:00

rector even has their own

00:07:02

constitution, the constituent entities can have their own

00:07:04

laws that do not contradict the general one, so in the

00:07:06

Republic of Bashkortostan there are

00:07:07

officially two state languages in

00:07:10

St. Petersburg you can sell alcohol until

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22 and in Transbaikalia only until 21

00:07:14

in Tatarstan, under special circumstances,

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you can get married from the age of 14, from the age of 16,

00:07:19

and so on in the USA,

00:07:21

where the type of government is also

00:07:22

federal, the differences in the laws of the

00:07:24

subjects are even more significant, for

00:07:26

example, in 34 states out of 50 the death penalty is provided for in the

00:07:30

federal parliament, as a rule,

00:07:32

there are chambers representatives of the

00:07:33

subjects, and the withdrawal of a subject from the

00:07:36

federation

00:07:37

is a complex process; the third type of

00:07:39

government system: a unitary

00:07:41

state is a homogeneous state with a

00:07:43

single legal and political field; this does

00:07:46

not mean that the state is not divided into

00:07:47

any territorial units; Poland

00:07:49

is divided into voivodeships; France is divided into regions;

00:07:52

but they do not have political

00:07:53

independence and in everything depends on the

00:07:55

central government,

00:07:56

now we know that the way of organizing the

00:07:59

supreme bodies of power is called

00:08:01

the form of government, it can be

00:08:02

republican and monarchical, and the

00:08:05

state structure is

00:08:06

what parts the state is divided into, it

00:08:08

can be confederal, federal,

00:08:11

unitary, let's move on to the 3rd part of the concept of the

00:08:14

form of the state,

00:08:15

political regime this concept describes the

00:08:18

ways of exercising power

00:08:20

the nature of the relationship between the government and the

00:08:22

people

00:08:23

how much power can influence the people and

00:08:25

how much the people can influence the power of

00:08:26

political regimes in the exam in

00:08:28

social studies 3 totalitarian

00:08:31

authoritarian and democratic

00:08:33

democratic regime is a

00:08:35

regime in which citizens have a

00:08:36

wide range of opportunities to influence

00:08:39

state power and the spheres of life in

00:08:41

which the state can intervene are

00:08:42

limited

00:08:43

for a democratic regime is characterized by a

00:08:45

real multi-party system people

00:08:47

unite according to their views and

00:08:49

interests have the opportunity to defend them

00:08:52

in parliaments the opposition in such regimes

00:08:54

act legally representatives of

00:08:56

different views have equal access to the

00:08:58

media no one is

00:09:00

prosecuted for their views and, in general,

00:09:02

the rights and freedoms of citizens are carefully

00:09:03

protected by law; an important concept for

00:09:05

democracy is

00:09:06

pluralism of opinions, that is, diversity and

00:09:08

unlimitedness; the

00:09:09

media in such

00:09:12

regimes are independent, that is,

00:09:14

they rely more on the requests of the audience

00:09:16

rather than on state orders;

00:09:18

most often modern countries are classified as such a regime

00:09:19

Western Europe and

00:09:21

North America, as well as Japan, the second

00:09:23

type of political regimes is authoritarian, in

00:09:26

which power is largely based on

00:09:28

strict control and restriction; an

00:09:30

authoritarian regime allows the

00:09:31

existence of many parties, but real

00:09:33

power is always concentrated in the hands of

00:09:35

one ruling; the opposition, like a

00:09:37

multi-party system, exists only

00:09:39

nominally, that is, it is not represented real threat

00:09:41

often authoritarian regimes rely on

00:09:44

one specific ideology, usually

00:09:46

conservative, a large role is given to

00:09:48

punitive bodies and power structures,

00:09:51

dissent is suppressed by the main

00:09:53

media

00:09:54

controlled by the authorities, the rights and freedoms of

00:09:57

citizens are postulated but in practice are

00:09:59

seriously limited, especially in the

00:10:01

political sphere, usually authoritarian

00:10:03

political regimes outwardly betray themselves

00:10:05

elections are held for democracy, debates are held,

00:10:08

various parties act in the elections, it

00:10:10

is clear in advance who will win, that is,

00:10:12

without alternatives, pressing issues are not raised in the debates

00:10:14

and

00:10:16

numerous parties do not fight or do not

00:10:18

have the opportunity to fight for power.

00:10:20

Today, Kazakhstan is often classified as an authoritarian regime,

00:10:22

Saudi Arabia and

00:10:24

many other countries The

00:10:26

British publication behind icons

00:10:27

publishes a rating of democracy in which

00:10:29

you distribute the state by

00:10:31

political regime, a link to it under the

00:10:33

video, look there, Russia has the

00:10:35

highest degree of control over

00:10:37

society, differs 3 totalitarian

00:10:40

political regime,

00:10:42

only one political party operates legally,

00:10:44

fused with the state, like in the Soviet

00:10:46

Union, Article 6 of the constitution

00:10:48

enshrined the leading role of the

00:10:50

communist party and its head

00:10:52

appeared in fact to the leaders of the

00:10:53

state, other parties are outlawed;

00:10:55

dissent is persecuted; the rights and freedoms of

00:10:58

citizens are violated; the state is often violated; a

00:11:00

totalitarian political regime

00:11:01

seeks to control absolutely all

00:11:03

spheres of society, even down to

00:11:05

regulating everyday life, how

00:11:07

to dress, what there is and under whose portrait the

00:11:11

state decides to do this for the citizen, the totalitarian regime

00:11:13

is characterized by leaderism, that is, the worship of the

00:11:16

personality of the leader, the leader, so the name of Adolf

00:11:18

Hitler was the official greeting in

00:11:20

Nazi Germany, and at

00:11:22

Stalin’s funeral in Moscow,

00:11:23

almost a quarter of the population of the Soviet Union gathered and sincerely sobbed

00:11:27

whether leaders are named during their lifetime,

00:11:29

children and cities,

00:11:30

their monuments decorate every city; the

00:11:33

cultural sphere under a totalitarian

00:11:35

political regime is under a

00:11:37

strict hood of censorship;

00:11:38

in order to practice their craft,

00:11:40

writers, artists and poets are forced to

00:11:42

participate in the propaganda of

00:11:45

ideas and values pleasing to the authorities; it is important to understand that

00:11:47

political regimes are not determined

00:11:49

declarations and statements about the

00:11:51

real state of affairs, for example, under

00:11:53

Stalin, in the constitution of the Soviet Union,

00:11:55

citizens were enshrined in the right to

00:11:57

freedom of speech and the press, but absolutely all the

00:11:59

media were

00:12:01

controlled by the Communist Party, and

00:12:03

people were put in prisons and camps for poetry

00:12:05

and kitchen-sink anti-government

00:12:07

talk, let’s summarize the forms

00:12:10

states

00:12:11

are a way of organizing power, including a

00:12:13

form of government since these are different monarchies

00:12:16

republics type of

00:12:17

government 2 this is a unitary federal

00:12:20

icon federal and political regime 3 it

00:12:23

can be democratic authoritarian and

00:12:26

totalitarian this is one of the central topics

00:12:28

in the Unified State Exam in social studies it is often

00:12:30

found in tests and in the second part

00:12:32

except In addition, it is a unique

00:12:34

weapon that can be used

00:12:36

in almost any political context,

00:12:38

below the video you will find a convenient diagram of the

00:12:40

main definitions and tasks for

00:12:42

checking, thank you for watching, I hope this

00:12:44

was useful, write in the comments

00:12:46

what difficulties you encounter

00:12:48

during preparation and what topics should be

00:12:50

discussed next roller skating while it's

00:12:53

freaks cool forming

00:12:54

[music]

Description:

Что такое формы государства? Что такое формы правления? Что такое государственное устройство? Что такое политические режимы? В видео быстро отвечаем на эти вопросы ЕГЭ и ОГЭ по обществознанию 2020. Задания и таблички, увы, пока не появятся

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UDL Lite is a really convenient way to access a website from your mobile device. With its help, you can easily download videos directly to your smartphone.

Which format of "ФОРМЫ ГОСУДАРСТВА ЗА 13 МИНУТ. ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕЖИМЫ. ФОРМЫ ПРАВЛЕНИЯ. ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО. ЕГЭ" video should I choose?

The best quality formats are FullHD (1080p), 2K (1440p), 4K (2160p) and 8K (4320p). The higher the resolution of your screen, the higher the video quality should be. However, there are other factors to consider: download speed, amount of free space, and device performance during playback.

Why does my computer freeze when loading a "ФОРМЫ ГОСУДАРСТВА ЗА 13 МИНУТ. ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕЖИМЫ. ФОРМЫ ПРАВЛЕНИЯ. ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО. ЕГЭ" video?

The browser/computer should not freeze completely! If this happens, please report it with a link to the video. Sometimes videos cannot be downloaded directly in a suitable format, so we have added the ability to convert the file to the desired format. In some cases, this process may actively use computer resources.

How can I download "ФОРМЫ ГОСУДАРСТВА ЗА 13 МИНУТ. ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕЖИМЫ. ФОРМЫ ПРАВЛЕНИЯ. ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО. ЕГЭ" video to my phone?

You can download a video to your smartphone using the website or the PWA application UDL Lite. It is also possible to send a download link via QR code using the UDL Helper extension.

How can I download an audio track (music) to MP3 "ФОРМЫ ГОСУДАРСТВА ЗА 13 МИНУТ. ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕЖИМЫ. ФОРМЫ ПРАВЛЕНИЯ. ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО. ЕГЭ"?

The most convenient way is to use the UDL Client program, which supports converting video to MP3 format. In some cases, MP3 can also be downloaded through the UDL Helper extension.

How can I save a frame from a video "ФОРМЫ ГОСУДАРСТВА ЗА 13 МИНУТ. ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕЖИМЫ. ФОРМЫ ПРАВЛЕНИЯ. ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО. ЕГЭ"?

This feature is available in the UDL Helper extension. Make sure that "Show the video snapshot button" is checked in the settings. A camera icon should appear in the lower right corner of the player to the left of the "Settings" icon. When you click on it, the current frame from the video will be saved to your computer in JPEG format.

What's the price of all this stuff?

It costs nothing. Our services are absolutely free for all users. There are no PRO subscriptions, no restrictions on the number or maximum length of downloaded videos.