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Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:02
[music]00:00:12
hello the topic of our lesson is the00:00:15
political organization of early00:00:17
states on the territory of Kazakhstan.00:00:20
Today in the lesson we will define the signs of00:00:24
statehood of early nomads on the00:00:26
territory of Kazakhstan using the concept of00:00:29
state power political00:00:32
organization we00:00:33
will explain the historical stages of the formation of00:00:35
statehood on the territory00:00:38
of Kazakhstan00:00:39
we will characterize the political structure of00:00:42
early states using the example of an earlier00:00:45
nomadic empire guna00:00:47
let's remember what a state is,00:00:56
check yourself, the concept of a state00:00:59
refers to a special organization, a society00:01:03
united by common social00:01:05
cultural interests,00:01:06
occupying a certain territory, the00:01:10
next task is to select the correct00:01:13
signs of a state, at least five,00:01:27
check yourself and so the signs of a00:01:32
state, a single territory, sovereignty, a00:01:36
tax system, a system of laws and the presence of00:01:39
public authority, let's let's remember the types of00:01:44
nomadic states on the territory of00:01:46
Kazakhstan,00:01:58
so the00:01:59
types of nomadic states chiefdom earlier00:02:03
nomadic empire developed nomadic00:02:06
empire the history of ancient Kazakhstan in00:02:09
Europe and Asia is filled with turbulent00:02:12
events associated with the hill tribes and which00:02:16
have come down to us under the name of the great00:02:19
migration of peoples00:02:21
information about the Xiongnu is found in Chinese00:02:24
sources of the00:02:25
third century BC AD these were00:02:29
warlike tribes occupying00:02:31
the territory from the Pacific Ocean and northern00:02:35
China to Altai and Semirechye00:02:38
the state policy of the Xiongnu was00:02:41
aimed at victorious wars the Xiongnu00:02:44
fought in the west with00:02:47
the Usu they in the north subjugated for themselves the00:02:50
Altai tribes in the south successfully00:02:53
fought with the boorish China constant00:02:57
the attack of nomadic tribes forced the00:02:59
Chinese to build the Great00:03:01
Wall of China to protect their territories; as00:03:04
a result, a00:03:07
huge territory from Transbaikalia in00:03:09
the north to Tibet in the south from eastern00:03:12
Turkestan in the west to the middle reaches of the00:03:15
Huang He River was under the rule of the Huns; it was a centralized00:03:19
empire based on military00:03:21
administrative principles, head of00:03:23
state00:03:24
bore the title of Shanyu he was called the son of heaven00:03:29
Shanyu ensured the protection of the lands00:03:32
declared war personally led the army00:03:35
was the supreme judge and controlled the00:03:38
lives of his subjects the next level00:03:44
in the hierarchy was occupied by technicians and advisers00:03:47
these were the sons of Shanyu or close00:03:51
relatives they led the00:03:53
eastern and western territories00:03:56
they controlled the left and right wings armies00:04:00
other relatives led00:04:02
certain territories in society there00:04:06
were also slaves00:04:08
these were prisoners of war or00:04:11
fellow tribesmen who committed00:04:12
any crimes00:04:17
chanyu fashion00:04:19
carried out political and military reforms in the00:04:23
west he made campaigns against00:04:25
her g and usuns in the north repaired the say tribes00:04:29
in the altai 2006 to AD00:04:34
Shanyu model conquered China concluded a00:04:38
treaty of peace and kinship with the Chinese emperor00:04:40
married a Chinese princess00:04:44
the Chinese paid tribute to the Huns the influence of00:04:48
civil strife and neighboring states00:04:50
led to the fact that in 55 BC the00:04:54
Huns split into southern and northern00:04:57
southern Huns eventually fell under00:05:01
the rule of China and the Northern Huns under the00:05:04
leadership of Jijik united with00:05:06
the Congue thus maintaining their00:05:09
independence this was the first wave of the00:05:12
Xiongnu resettlement into the territory of00:05:15
Kazakhstan and Central Asia, the00:05:17
second wave began in the first century00:05:20
AD when the Northern Huns, pressed by00:05:23
the Chinese, again moved west in the00:05:27
second fourth centuries AD the Huns00:05:30
reached the southern Russian steppes reached the00:05:33
Danube and settled in Hungary under the name00:05:36
Huns with the penetration of the Huns led by00:05:40
Attila into Europe, the great00:05:43
migration of peoples begins00:05:45
[music] the00:05:52
Huns were the first to come from the east to Europe00:05:54
in the very center of the old world Attila00:05:57
founded his headquarters, therefore it was he is00:05:59
the culprit of the fact that the great kurultai of the00:06:02
Turks passes through Hungary. One of the main00:06:04
topics of the meeting is the00:06:05
life path and heritage of the great00:06:07
ancestor; however, when exactly in what year00:06:10
he was born00:06:11
is unknown, there are different assumptions in00:06:14
one source this is the end of the 300s, in00:06:17
another the beginning of the fourth century there is00:06:19
evidence that the commander died in the00:06:21
year four hundred and fifty-three, it turns out that00:06:24
Attila lived for about 50 years during this time he00:06:26
managed to do a lot in the year four hundred and thirty-00:06:28
four he began to rule the great00:06:30
empire of the Huns on the throne the Kogan was until his00:06:33
last breath he conquered a vast00:06:35
territory from the Rhine to the Black Sea his00:06:38
powerful army did not Even Rome was able to withstand the00:06:40
Huns; they skillfully used military00:06:42
tactics; they mastered various00:06:45
types of weapons of that time;00:06:46
in addition, they used advanced technologies in battles;00:06:50
special machines for storming a fortress;00:06:52
stones; copper guns; archers; special mobile podiums00:06:55
were used for mass shooting;00:06:57
such00:07:00
groups of warriors produced up to 50 thousand in 1 hour of battle00:07:02
shots,00:07:04
such pressure was difficult to withstand,00:07:07
not a single army in Europe could withstand it; the00:07:10
main army consisted of well-00:07:13
trained horsemen; the Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus left a lot of information about them;00:07:17
he wrote very early in the00:07:21
morning they are on horseback; they are always on horseback; even when00:07:24
discussing important state affairs, the00:07:27
young people treat with respect elders,00:07:30
the instruction of old people is the law for them to00:07:33
fulfill them wars will stop at nothing00:07:36
[music] in00:07:42
the year four hundred and forty-five00:07:44
Attila is known in Kazakh legends as00:07:47
Edel united the scattered tribes of the00:07:50
Huns in Romania and Hungary in00:07:53
451 on the territory of modern00:07:56
France in the Battle of Catalonia for the first time00:07:59
Attila’s army suffered defeat in00:08:02
four hundred and fifty-two from the body00:08:05
invaded Italy and approached Rome, the00:08:09
state of the Huns at the hotel reached00:08:12
their power, the Huns liberated00:08:15
Europe from the rule of the Roman Empire, but00:08:19
after the death of Attila in00:08:21
four hundred and fifty-three, the horse00:08:24
clan unions disintegrated, giving aksakals to the00:08:28
sages, shepherds, a tradition that dates back to00:08:30
Since the time of the Huns, this is the00:08:33
answer to those who consider our ancestors to be00:08:35
savages. In four hundred and forty-eight, the00:08:37
Byzantine ambassador to Spain00:08:39
negotiated with Attila before the arrival of the Gon. He00:08:42
also believed that these were tribes whose people00:08:44
were almost at a primitive00:08:45
stage of development, but what he00:08:48
actually saw he was surprised firstly,00:08:51
despite the enmity with the foreigner’s country,00:08:53
the ruler greeted him as a dear00:08:55
guest, the mine left his impressions in00:08:58
manuscripts and in the guns, he wrote that after the wars00:09:01
they lead a peaceful and carefree life,00:09:03
everyone is content with what they have and with00:09:05
this the Byzantine00:09:08
ambassador left his review and a battery00:09:10
When you see the ruler, you immediately understand that this is00:09:12
Asia; he is of average height, broad-shouldered, with00:09:15
small eyes and a beard that has already00:09:18
begun to turn gray, but is slightly00:09:20
flattened, of course, not the ideal of beauty,00:09:23
but judging by the proud gait and heavy00:09:25
gaze, it immediately becomes clear that in front of00:09:27
you is a powerful, strong and significant00:09:30
person who undoubtedly arouses00:09:32
respect despite the fact that he is a00:09:34
professional warrior, he is not angry,00:09:37
not hot-tempered, but on the contrary, a very smart and00:09:39
kind person wrote about the famous00:09:42
commanders of the Huns diploma,00:09:43
there are also Frankish manuscripts describing00:09:46
one day in the life of the great Hagan, for00:09:48
example, an ambassador named Friske recalled00:09:50
in the morning leave from at home I listened to the aspirations of the00:09:53
people throughout the day, the ruler00:09:55
received ambassadors from various states, and00:09:57
in the evening he dined with us; everyone ate from00:10:00
silver dishes, with the exception of Attila,00:10:02
who ate from wooden ones, which speaks about the00:10:05
modesty of the ruler; one of the00:10:11
results of ruling by force was00:10:14
the fall of the slave system,00:10:17
and now let’s move on to practical part of00:10:21
our lesson first task insert the00:10:25
missing words in the text let's00:10:39
test ourselves00:10:40
the head of state bore the title Shanyu he00:10:44
was called the00:10:45
son of heaven the next level of the hierarchy00:10:48
was occupied by advisers and military commanders00:10:51
his sons or closest relatives00:10:54
they ruled the western and eastern00:10:57
territories and commanded the left and00:11:00
right wings of the army below stood other00:11:03
relatives who controlled certain00:11:05
territories honda had slavery slaves00:11:09
became mostly prisoners00:11:11
and also fellow tribesmen who committed00:11:13
any crimes the next00:11:16
task is to find the correspondence of the tribes with00:11:19
the titles their rulers00:11:31
check yourself00:11:32
with the Sakah the title of the ruler the00:11:35
leader the king the queen at the Kongrev khan usuni gui mu ugu00:11:41
us shanyu summing up the result of our lesson,00:11:45
we can conclude the emergence of ugu na00:11:48
in private ownership of livestock and land, the00:11:51
emergence of a primitive bureaucratic00:11:54
apparatus, the appearance of written00:11:57
taxes for the purpose of exploiting the population00:12:00
led to the fact that there was a transition to00:12:03
class society and the state, the00:12:06
horse empire became the first nomadic00:12:09
empire of type 2 on the territory of the great00:12:12
steppe That's the end of our lesson,00:12:16
goodbye00:12:21
[music]Description:
Тема урока: Политическая организация ранних государств на территории Казахстана /15.01.2021/ С понедельника по пятницу с 09:00-18:00 телевизионные уроки в эфире EL ARNA Запись телеуроков: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDIwNJYcIQ77fZ7Tqrb5myYpNtQbhnA4p https://edu.elarna.kz/ru/tv-lessons
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