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инфоурок

школа

видеоуроки

география

9 класс

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[music]

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European north stages of economic development

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areas of the Russian north since the time of

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Veliky Novgorod

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were the place of its colonial expansion

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harsh climatic conditions made the

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lands of the European north

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practically unsuitable for agriculture,

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but this territory attracted

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attention with fur-bearing fish and sea animals

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brave people settled along the coast of the

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White Sea

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they were engaged in hunting and fishing, so the

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soup ethnicity of the Russian people Pomors was formed

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back in the time of Peter the

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Great, goods from the

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central regions of Russia and

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from abroad brought by ships to the

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city of Arkhangelsk,

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the first Slavic settlements appeared in the

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north a very long time ago, the ancient city of

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Belozero is

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now Belozersk in Vologda region was

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first mentioned in the Tale of Bygone Years in the

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year eight hundred and sixty-two, from 1238

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Belozero became the center of an

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independent principality of

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trade and crafts.

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Over the next few centuries,

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the territory was quickly populated as the

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north attracted people primarily with its rich

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fur production of salt and, to a lesser

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extent, fish

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at the end of the 16th century. century, there were significant

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changes in the life of the north by

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Western European countries during this

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period, regular trade

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connections were established through the northern ports, first

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Kholmogory

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and then Arkhangelsk, by decree of Peter the

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Great in 1693, the

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first postal road in Russia was established through Vologda,

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Moscow Arkhangelsk,

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as a result, the cities of the

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north of Vologda developed rapidly then we of

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Veliky Ustyug, immigrants from the north actively

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participated in the development of the eastern regions of

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Russia

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Semyon Dezhnev and Fedot Popov famous

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explorers who were the first to pass the Bering

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Strait were natives of Veliky Ustyug

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Erofei Khabarov the founder of Russian

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settlements at sea and Vladimir Atlasov

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is the discoverer of Kamchatka

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later a saying appeared without Ustyug

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guys in Siberia It never happened that

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periods of economic growth in the European

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north were followed by periods of decline in

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economic importance in the life of the country; the

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routes in Siberia from the center of the state

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shifted to the south

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after the capture of Kazan in 1552, it was no longer

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necessary to follow the Urals through

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Vologda.

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Velikiy Ustyug and Solvychegodsk by order of

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Peter 1 in 1722, foreign trade from the

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White Sea from Arkhangelsk was

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transferred to the Baltic Sea in St. Petersburg,

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this was a disastrous blow for the

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development of the region's economy, there was a

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reduction in the number of cities, as a result the

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founding of a new capital and the laying of

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new trade routes was

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organized by Peter the Great crosses into

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St. Petersburg and its environs, the

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archangel's craftsmen, city shipbuilders

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and sailors, as a result the north loses not

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only the trade and craft activities

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of its population, but also active people,

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professionals in their field, the

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economic impoverishment of the north began,

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which lasted for many

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decades, even booms in the thirties and

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fifties of the 19th century. th century associated with the

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industrial revolution slightly affected the

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north, some changes occurred only

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at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in 1898 the Vologda Arkhangelsk

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railway was launched

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in 1899 the construction of the Perm railway was completed

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what as an atlas they began to export

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Siberian grain through Arkhangelsk for

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reliable transport connections of the Urals and the

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north-west of Russia in 1903 the

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latitude railway was built in

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Perm Vyatka Kirov Vologda

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St. Petersburg in Vologda

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cheese jam is developing becoming famous

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Vologda butter in fact pulp and

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paper and

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sawmill enterprises arise despite the fact

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that in 1899 on the banks of the Kola

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Bay, the city of Aleksandrovsk was founded; the

00:05:10

north again finds itself in economic

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decline, from which it is only recovered in

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the thirties, when the development of

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mineral deposits begins; the

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European north turns into the

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foreign exchange workshop of Russia; increasing the export of

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timber to foreign markets;

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the main sources of wealth in the region are forests and

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minerals, which have created the basis for the

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emergence of new

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hundreds of

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thousands of repressed

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former kulaks and other enemies of the people arrived in cities during this period,

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new sawmills and

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pulp and paper concerns were built, the most powerful

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pulp and paper mills appeared

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in Arkhangelsk itself

00:05:59

and after the war in its suburb

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Novodvinsk Koryazhma near Kotlas and in

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Syktyvkar

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from the northern region apatite began to be exported;

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large deposits of apatite;

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nepheline harut were discovered on the

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Kola Peninsula in the Khibiny mountain range;

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apatite is used in Russia to

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obtain fertilizers, but mainly

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outside the European north,

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the European north became fuel

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industry areas since the pre-war years;

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coal and oil deposits were discovered

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later gas in the eastern part of the region, the

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Pechora coal basin

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contains two types of coal, coking and

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anthracite, mining conditions are complicated by

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harsh climatic conditions and the

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peculiarity of the occurrence of layers that

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bend and break

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in the southern part of the region in the city of Cherepovets

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in the 1950s, a

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powerful

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full-cycle metallurgical plant was created initial

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the tasks of its construction

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were to supply metal to

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machine-building plants in Leningrad;

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iron ores were brought from the Kola

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Peninsula and

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from Karelia; non-ferrous metallurgy became

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another direction of industrial

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development of the European north;

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aluminum plants were built in

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Kandalaksha and Nadvoe; copper and nickel

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began to be smelted in the areas of Monchegorsk and

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Zapolyarny

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in 30s, at the mouth of the Northern Dvina, a

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shipbuilding plant was built in the

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fifties, and the same plant began

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to produce nuclear submarines that were among the

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largest,

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fastest and deepest - the

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remoteness of the European north from the

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main main settlement zone was

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one of the reasons for the creation on the new on the ground of the

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nuclear weapons test site,

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tests were first carried out in

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the atmosphere and under water, and after the conclusion of an

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international agreement banning

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such tests underground

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