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java

multithreading

synchronize

синхронизация

многопоточность

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изучение java

00:00:02

main problems in multi-threaded

00:00:05

java applications

00:00:06

related to precision and how to

00:00:11

solve the problem using synchronization.

00:00:13

Look, imagine we have a

00:00:16

class May rules which is an extender, so you

00:00:29

and I have already studied how to create

00:00:31

here we will reward method of wounds and here we

00:00:41

will write something now, yes here we

00:00:45

will have several threads my said

00:00:49

fred

00:00:51

and exactly the same second thread the problem

00:00:57

in terms of accuracy is that this is how we will

00:01:03

start it all start multithreading

00:01:09

the problem is that sometimes

00:01:11

we have hit resources that, well, let's

00:01:14

say

00:01:19

resources that

00:01:25

can use several threads

00:01:27

at the same time, that is, imagine two

00:01:28

threads at the same time trying to access some

00:01:31

resources with a file or a network,

00:01:34

write something there, and in general,

00:01:37

sometimes we can have problems, that is,

00:01:39

the standard one is usually an example with an account on

00:01:44

which there is money, that is, two

00:01:46

threads can access it and

00:01:48

somehow get to write off money from it,

00:01:51

and so on, in general, let’s

00:01:53

abstract from all accounts, we will

00:01:55

imagine we have some kind of

00:01:58

resource class, it has a variable and to

00:02:04

which we will gain access and

00:02:06

some kind of public two method we have

00:02:12

that will fix

00:02:13

the food that will change it change

00:02:17

how it will simply increase the area

00:02:20

exactly by one, that is, we take int and

00:02:23

equals here and then we will have and + + and

00:02:29

then we with and equal

00:02:32

and climb everything would be simple, yes, that is, we

00:02:35

simply increase one and by one

00:02:38

now we can our environment we want to work with it,

00:02:42

we want to take

00:02:45

some resource here for a set of these and let’s say

00:02:52

light per resource we do

00:02:55

here we can hand over to create a sauce,

00:03:06

let's although yes we have some kind of

00:03:10

resource in this resource, we and our hands will

00:03:14

say the amount is 5, let it be up to what next

00:03:18

next we this resource in our rap, that

00:03:21

is, we make one resource from red 2,

00:03:28

we do the same thing as we do should

00:03:32

happen in our program, well, let's

00:03:34

also drive these sites, make mais red 2

00:03:51

and then we take we see our resource

00:03:56

before the resource and what does it mean what happens in what

00:04:02

program we create a resource object,

00:04:04

set the head of the traffic police, then

00:04:07

let's say the values are 5, then we create two from the ride, two threads in

00:04:11

we put this resource in them, that is, we have it

00:04:13

here, this will be our

00:04:15

internal resource and then we launch and that’s

00:04:20

all we all we need to do is

00:04:23

in these threads increase the value of our

00:04:25

resource by one here, let’s say like this, we’ll

00:04:29

write it like this,

00:04:30

we’ll take the resource and than and

00:04:34

that is, we have two threads, both of them

00:04:37

will launch this ran method

00:04:39

when we press start and this run method

00:04:42

will go to the than method and increase it by

00:04:45

one, that is, we have this one

00:04:47

and will run twice, the first time we

00:04:49

will increase by one the second time we

00:04:52

let's increase by one more, we also wo

00:04:54

n't have 5 7 then here when we get it out we

00:04:56

will have a seven, it seems everything is very

00:04:59

simple, yes, that is, here we are for johnny,

00:05:01

we said let's wait until it's all over

00:05:03

and then we'll see what

00:05:08

assignment we run about seven times seven

00:05:15

and then yes, that is, we will most likely

00:05:17

have 7, but in fact everything is not so

00:05:19

simple, in fact the point is that there are

00:05:22

several threads waiting for us and they may make

00:05:26

a little mistake, see how everything can happen

00:05:29

here somewhere

00:05:31

the code can stop and do so to speak, I have a

00:05:35

variable and but let's say, let's say this goes

00:05:38

from 1,

00:05:43

he comes here and writes int and equals

00:05:46

here and yes, that is, he wrote it down at this

00:05:50

moment and we have equals like this, but then

00:05:56

our flow breaks off, she comes here for the

00:05:58

second term and he does the same thing, he

00:06:01

writes and i is equal to here and and

00:06:07

medium let's write 2 for him and it

00:06:13

will be equal to the same peaks and now we

00:06:16

increase

00:06:18

i + + that is, with red 2 and is already equal to 6

00:06:29

somehow and now we just with

00:06:33

and equals and a and we have equals 6 until

00:06:39

everything starts up like a layer but now

00:06:41

we return to Wednesday one from Wednesday

00:06:45

one we have and the same and we already have equals 5

00:06:52

and we write and it will give a plus at this moment

00:06:56

we have 1 environment and will be equal to 6 and we take

00:07:00

write here and equal to

00:07:03

and and thus we have and will be equal to 6

00:07:08

that is, we basically have the

00:07:10

possibility that at this moment here is

00:07:12

when we will delete at this

00:07:15

moment we have the termination of the

00:07:17

first thread will terminate and the execution of the second will begin

00:07:20

and then we can have a print to then

00:07:23

we can output here not 76,

00:07:28

of course we can run it many times,

00:07:30

nothing is guaranteed, this is very bad, we

00:07:33

cannot control this process, you

00:07:35

see 6 it was output, yes it was the case 7 types of

00:07:39

you power 6 finally, here I usually do it

00:07:42

in order to demonstrate so

00:07:44

that the probability is an order of magnitude greater,

00:07:46

look, I have such a trick, I

00:07:50

take it, I can do it this way, I take it

00:07:52

Wednesday oh my light my neighbor name for you

00:08:01

here I can write it like this

00:08:09

he shits them get names on

00:08:15

then I'll do such a funny thing I'll

00:08:22

write

00:08:24

Fred ate what happens when I click

00:08:28

when I click ate here the

00:08:31

execution of this thread stops and this thread

00:08:33

returns to the pool then java begins to

00:08:38

select from the pins some next

00:08:40

thread it can choose how this one is like the

00:08:42

first thread, then some other one, that

00:08:44

is, we have a probability there, roughly speaking,

00:08:46

fifty-fifty that we will have 1 or

00:08:48

2 executed, so when we run

00:08:50

this program multidimensionally, you see

00:08:59

76,667, that is, we have like a blast furnace ram

00:09:01

more or less values will be obtained,

00:09:04

and this is a very big problem for us

00:09:07

because several threads do not work

00:09:08

with the resource, that is, imagine that this is a

00:09:10

cash account

00:09:11

and money is debited on this cheek, that

00:09:15

is, you have 100 dollars lying there and then

00:09:18

some left-handed programmer writes with a crooked hand

00:09:19

Here’s the code that just

00:09:22

starts writing off something there or

00:09:24

adding until you came, you got it twice, your

00:09:27

salary came, for example,

00:09:29

they threw in 100 dollars, but the first time

00:09:32

the dollar increased, the second time there was no sign up and

00:09:35

you have a place of 200 dollars left, 100

00:09:37

will you be offended of course they will be

00:09:39

therefore how such problems are solved

00:09:41

such a problem is solved very simply with the

00:09:43

help of synchronization you won’t believe

00:09:46

how simple it is all we need to

00:09:48

do is write the

00:09:50

keyword sims here we have that’s all the problem is

00:09:55

solved now we will have it all the time all the

00:09:59

time it will be 7 how much no matter how many times

00:10:01

we run it,

00:10:02

we will have 777 I can run 50 at least a hundred times,

00:10:10

yes it will be

00:10:11

why synchronization is such a cool

00:10:15

thing that how can I explain this to you, it

00:10:19

says that I have a

00:10:22

method here that is being executed, it must

00:10:24

be synchronized, that is, it

00:10:27

must not be interrupted and somewhere here

00:10:29

inside if I suddenly cut off all the food I will

00:10:34

leave with a rand floor

00:10:37

but in the pool of threads and no other thread

00:10:40

will be able to come here that is, if it is

00:10:42

somewhere here in the middle there on the thirty-

00:10:44

eighth line it is cut off now

00:10:47

it comes to us 2 Harry's flow of sushi I

00:10:49

want to perform an

00:10:50

outfit for him no, this method is not

00:10:53

synchronized until the previous flow

00:10:56

reaches the very end, then you

00:10:58

will not be able to

00:10:59

execute it, it works using log off,

00:11:02

that is, we have each class with

00:11:04

such an invisible varnish and

00:11:06

well, imagine this is not some kind of analogue

00:11:09

let’s say a key, you come to

00:11:11

work on a bicycle and

00:11:14

many more programmers come to your work, you

00:11:16

have one key to the shower, you go and take it and

00:11:21

wash yourself and maybe get out of the shower there,

00:11:24

go, I don’t know, drink coffee, then

00:11:28

go back to the shower, let’s say with oil

00:11:30

that -what do you need or you forgot something, a

00:11:32

towel, go to work,

00:11:34

come back, but the essence remains the same, that

00:11:36

this key is like a log while he is

00:11:40

no other programmer or an

00:11:41

employee who arrives on a

00:11:43

bicycle wants to take a shower, he

00:11:45

will not be able to take a shower until you release it,

00:11:48

put the key in its place, it will

00:11:50

stand and wait, that is, we will have

00:11:52

a queue there, perhaps, and so on, but

00:11:54

nevertheless, that is, in this way, we

00:11:56

can block threads and wait until

00:11:59

this log is free, also

00:12:02

called

00:12:03

monitor, in fact,

00:12:04

there is a certain difference between lessons and monitors, but

00:12:07

some, as it were, in many literature

00:12:11

and many programmers call them, do not

00:12:14

distinguish them much because there the difference is not

00:12:18

particularly fundamental, just a monitor, well,

00:12:20

as if it could have this broader concept of a

00:12:24

monitor, and so it would be like this

00:12:28

could it be on the object or something, that is, which

00:12:30

sits directly behind the object

00:12:32

on the general if you come across somewhere such a

00:12:35

name as a monitor, keep in mind that

00:12:37

this is such a varnish on the object, then

00:12:41

what else can I say about this,

00:12:47

usually everything is synchronized, but you want the

00:12:50

object itself let’s

00:12:52

say we can synchronize,

00:12:54

that is, not just a method, we can make

00:12:57

some kind of pieces of code, that is, we

00:13:00

can have a synchronized blog,

00:13:01

that is, we can write something else like this

00:13:04

synchronously is diss boyz

00:13:08

and all this will be placed in some kind of block

00:13:14

absolutely the same thing, there is no difference,

00:13:16

that is, when Sir Knight happens to us,

00:13:19

it happens to us on some object,

00:13:22

for example, if we had two

00:13:25

completely different source objects here, we

00:13:28

counted 1 here and another here, then

00:13:31

we would have problems different problems

00:13:33

different objects the problem is that we

00:13:35

use the same object in our streams,

00:13:38

we have to synchronize this object,

00:13:42

not even synchronize the vase,

00:13:45

we generally

00:13:51

usually make all fields private, but

00:13:54

here we don’t necessarily have to

00:13:57

do there, let's say

00:13:58

guitar for food, there is

00:14:04

no target here, something like this, it all should

00:14:21

be in the right way,

00:14:25

that is, in good terms, all fields

00:14:28

are made private and all methods that

00:14:32

work

00:14:34

with this or changing

00:14:37

the value, they should all be

00:14:39

synchronized, that is, in good terms according to our

00:14:41

account, we have some kind of code that

00:14:43

should have all the methods that have my

00:14:46

values should be synchronized,

00:14:48

but not necessarily all the methods should be,

00:14:51

that is, let’s say Gleb and I can leave it

00:14:53

here, it just returns some

00:14:55

value

00:14:56

that we get at a certain point in

00:14:59

time when it’s there maybe 4

00:15:02

once 5 like once 6 yes there

00:15:05

here especially I know that we have objects

00:15:08

for John and I will have the final

00:15:10

value so I

00:15:11

don’t need to synchronize here, but in

00:15:15

fact there is no need for a set here

00:15:18

but during the day, just to

00:15:20

demonstrate that several

00:15:23

objects, not several methods, can be

00:15:26

synchronized, and

00:15:28

they synchronize on an object, that is,

00:15:30

they will improve the object, there would be several

00:15:32

objects, there would be several varnishes, but on

00:15:34

each one, that’s

00:15:36

actually if, as I already

00:15:40

said, if here there was one object

00:15:42

here and another, we thought that two threads

00:15:45

were working with different objects, the problem

00:15:48

would not arise at all, each of them

00:15:49

would increase its object by one,

00:15:52

the problem is that there is one resource, as I have already

00:15:55

repeated, resource one value here is

00:15:58

one for him in two threads, but we

00:16:01

took here in this way for

00:16:06

synchronized we said for

00:16:07

synchronizing this thread, you could,

00:16:10

of course, create some kind of main

00:16:13

there on it to synchronize the date, but sometimes

00:16:16

you may need to synchronize objects on some

00:16:17

other object

00:16:19

directly here we have the

00:16:21

need to synchronize

00:16:22

exclusively on this object, well,

00:16:28

something like this, that is, what you should and show

00:16:31

let’s repeat what we should take away from

00:16:33

this object and from this lesson

00:16:36

is that we have several threads that can

00:16:39

work with one object and when they

00:16:41

change, it is advisable for us to put everything in

00:16:45

something like this changes that can be

00:16:49

interrupted, let's allow the middle of one of

00:16:52

the threads to transfer control to another and

00:16:54

we know that we have some kind of

00:16:56

problems here with the concurrency of threads,

00:17:00

we can have all these methods

00:17:02

that change the value of internal

00:17:04

states, it is best to interfere with the

00:17:07

synchronized

00:17:08

method, that is, place using its

00:17:10

synchronicity method, we can also

00:17:15

optionally mark the son format with the son format method,

00:17:17

we can place a synchronized

00:17:19

block, that is, if we have a

00:17:21

south pressure chamber here

00:17:24

and, for example, it was introduced and

00:17:27

this did not affect our code in any way,

00:17:30

then we can code

00:17:32

exclusively some kind What does

00:17:35

synchronization mean? This means that until one

00:17:38

of the threads reaches the end, no

00:17:40

other thread will be able to execute this

00:17:43

code. As you can see, everything is very simple,

00:17:45

multithreading is nothing complicated, this is

00:17:48

the main problem of multithreading, access

00:17:51

to common resources, it will be more

00:17:55

interesting later, we will also protect

00:17:58

multithreading there will be interesting topics for

00:18:00

today everyone, subscribe and

00:18:03

like everyone bye

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