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Command

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Command Manager

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command is a powerful pattern to know

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because essentially you're wrapping a

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method into an object this is perfect

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for strategy or turn-based games or in

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the example today allowing our player to

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organize combos for their character now

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once your method is wrapped up in an

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object it can have properties you can

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store it in a variable and you can

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execute it right away or in 5 minutes

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you can pass it around to other objects

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or you can serialize it and even send it

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over the network shout out to anas whose

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comment inspired today's example let's

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get into

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[Music]

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it let's start by defining a class for

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our hero I want all of my commands to

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execute animations so I've written a

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small animation manager class already

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I'm going to make it lazy load using the

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null coalescing assignment operator here

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if the assignment manager is not null

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use it otherwise assign the animation

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manager to the variable and use that

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next we need some public methods that we

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can wrap in our commands I'm going to

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expose three methods attack Spin and

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jump and I really want to execute all of

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these skills for all of the creatures in

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my game using commands so I'm going to

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extract an interface here called I

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entity that we can use to enforce that

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contract I'll move that interface into

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its own file and then we can get to the

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command now all commands will require

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one method which is execute classes that

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use a command object don't need to know

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anything about the method or methods

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being called inside the execute method

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they only need to know that they have a

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command and it can be executed I'm going

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to make it return a task as well this

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isn't a requirement of the command

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pattern but I know that I want each

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command to run for a minimum amount of

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time because they all have animations if

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I had a command that didn't have an

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animation in this scenario I could just

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make it wait for zero I'm going to make

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a base abstract class for all of the

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commands related to my hero so the hero

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is going to have to store a reference to

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the I entity which is my hero in this

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case and we can take that in through the

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Constructor here we'll make it protected

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so that it can be called by the classes

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that are going to extend this now here

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I'll just have an abstract task execute

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the concrete versions of this class can

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fill that out I also want to have a

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static Factory method here to create

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commands so anytime I want to create a

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hero command I can call the static

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create method here and passing the type

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of command I want as type t for those of

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you who haven't seen this before

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activator create instance is a static

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method of the system activator class and

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has numerous overloads one common use

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for it is to dynamically create an

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instance of a type it's especially

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useful when the type of the object is

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not known at compile time let's make our

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first concrete command the attack

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command will take in a reference to our

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hero in the Constructor now the execute

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method for this command is going to run

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the attack method on the hero then call

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the animations. attack method which

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returns its duration Now using the new

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awaitable class in unity 2023 we can

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wait for that duration before running

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the final method which is to switch back

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to our idle animation now if you aren't

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using Unity 2023 you could use task

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delay or enforce a weight with other

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methods maybe a CO routine now before we

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go too much further I just want to take

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a quick peek at the animation manager

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that I wrote now some of you that have

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been watching the channel for a while

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know that I don't really like dealing

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with the mechany system and so what I

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prefer to do is write a little

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management class if there's not a lot of

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Animation so here you can see I've got

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public methods for attack spin jump and

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idle all of those methods called the

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private method play animation which just

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does a cross fade and then Returns the

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duration now if we look into the data

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I've got here stashed away in this

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region I've got all my attack hashes

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being calculated using the animator

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string to Hash method I've defined my

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Crossfade duration and then I've set up

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a a little dictionary based on those

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hashes and how long I want all of these

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animations to run now this works really

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well if you just have a small amount of

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animations it's easy to set this up no

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problem but let's go back into unity and

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have a look at how many animations there

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actually are for this character you can

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see there's about 20 of them let's blow

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this up a little bit with shift space so

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you can see by the time you add all your

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Transitions and all your parameters this

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little window here is going to start to

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look like animation hell and I'm just

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going to superimpose an image on here

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that you know trying to deal with

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something like this is just almost

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impossible and it drives me crazy uh so

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uh before we move on I just want to

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point out one tool that I like to use

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when it when I get a lot of animations

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or I have to start dealing with

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animation layers and blend trees and

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that's animancer Pro So animancer Pro

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does basically a souped up version of

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what I just did in code it lets you

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programmatically control all of your

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animations highly recommended let's get

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back into code here and write up our

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last two commands so we'll have a spin

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command and we need a jump command as

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well just before I add the last command

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I'm going to move all of these hero

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commands into their own file so yeah

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let's add one jump command here co-pilot

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will fill it out cuz it's basically the

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same as all the others so the final

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thing we need is a class that can run

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our commands and manage them all so I'm

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going to call that the command manager

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now it can live on our player in this

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case because I only have one character

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in my game at the moment or you can have

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this component be sitting on a game

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manager for example and you might allow

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your player to select units in your game

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and then issue commands for each of them

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I want to point out here that I'm going

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to use a serialized mono behavior for

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this class because for the demo I want

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to be able to show all of these

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interfaces in unity now the ability to

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serialize interfaces is built into the

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Odin inspector and this came up in a

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comment on a video last week now I tend

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to take it for granted because I've used

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Odin in every single project for years

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now Black Friday is coming up in a

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couple weeks and this tool is always on

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sale sometimes for 70% off so if you

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don't have this yet I highly encourage

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you to pick it up when you can now

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Beyond just serializing interfaces it

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has plenty of helpful attributes you can

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set up awesome enums in the inspector

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you've got the required attribute uh you

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should pick up the validator too if

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that's on sale because it fixes so many

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problems in your project it's

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unbelievable using Odin I'm going to

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expose I entity so we can see it in the

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inspector a single command so we can

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just try running a command with one and

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then we're going to make combos so for

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that I'm going to use a list of I

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command next I'm going to separate out

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the execution of tasks in particular

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because I want them to be awaitable so

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I'm going to put that into a command

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invoker class that will just take in a

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list of I command iterate over them and

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execute them all waiting for each one to

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complete each time so with that out of

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the way let's come back to the command

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manager and get a reference to that we

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can just create a new one here now at

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the start I know that I'm going to put

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the command manager on my hero so we can

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just get the I entity component from

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this game object next let's define our

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single command and our list of commands

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just by calling our hero command create

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generic method and now just as I'm

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writing this I'm realizing that I can go

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back up to the definition of my list of

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commands I don't need to declare this as

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new because the start method is always

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going to create some initial commands

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for me here finally let's have a private

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method here execute command that accepts

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the list of commands and awaits the

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command invoker to run them all right

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last piece of the puzzle we need some

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way to test this thing so in the update

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method let's check to see if the user

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has pressed the one key so when the user

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presses one let's execute command and

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we'll just create a new list here and

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send in the single command and then if

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the user presses the two key we'll

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execute our list of commands as a combo

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okay nothing left to do but go test it

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out so if I select my hero in the

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hierarchy here you can see I've already

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got the animation manager and the hero

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components on here I just need to add

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the new component our Command manager so

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let's get that on there now the first

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thing you're going to notice is that all

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of the interfaces are exposed here and

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you can drag and drop things into this

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field if you like but in this case

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they're all already being created in the

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start method by making calls to our hero

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commands static create method so if we

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just press play here you see all the

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magic at work so it's populated our hero

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into the entity field we've got our

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single command which is an attack and

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then we've got a list of commands that

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we can order any way that we want so

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let's press number one here you can see

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I've got an attack so that's no problem

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attacks goes right back into idle now

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the combo there we go attacking spinning

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and jumping just executes them all in

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order and now we can just rearrange them

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however we want so let's flip them

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around here so that the jump is first

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then spin then attack now I'm sure you

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can picture where you go from here you

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just build a little gooey element where

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your player can rearrange their combo

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any way they want and now you can just

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send this list around to anything you

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want you could pass this list of

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commands into a state of your state

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machine for example if you're going into

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an attack state or if you have multiple

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units and you're just trying to set up

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actions for each one of their units

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before you run your play say you're uh

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in your big

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RTS then you just cue up all these

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commands one by one keep selecting a

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different entity set up the commands

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that you want to execute for them set up

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combos if necessary all those things get

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handled by your command manager and when

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it's time to run them all just send them

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all into the command invoker one by one

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they're all going to fire off now I'm

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just going to jump into code here

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quickly because in this case I'm just

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creating the commands and executing them

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as soon as the buttons get pressed so I

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don't really want them to continually

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being sent into the invoker if

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something's already running let's just

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create a little guard Clause that'll

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prevent that so we can have a Boolean is

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command executing and so if it is we'll

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turn the flag on if it's not we turn it

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off and then in the update method if

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there's a command already running let's

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just bail out

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okay that's as far as we're going to go

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with the command pattern today there's

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so many uses for command and to be

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honest it's probably the third most

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often used pattern in my daily work

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after Factory and Builder remember the

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easiest way to think about a command is

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that it's a method or several methods

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wrapped in an object and once it's

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wrapped you can treat it like data store

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it organize it and pass it around hit

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that like button if that helped you out

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Description:

Unity C# Architecture: Learn the powerful Command programming pattern by example, building a Skill Combo system for our Hero! 🔔 Subscribe for more Unity Tutorials https://www.youtube.com/@git-amend ▬ Contents of this video ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 0:00 Command 5:30 Command Manager Check out: https://www.artstation.com/katgrabowska *Assets Shown In This Video* (Affiliate Links) Odin: https://assetstore.unity.com/publishers/3727?aid=1101lw3sv Animancer PRO: https://assetstore.unity.com/packages/tools/animation/animancer-pro-116514?aid=1101lw3sv Animancer Lite (FREE): https://assetstore.unity.com/packages/tools/animation/animancer-lite-116516?aid=1101lw3sv Dungeon Mason: https://assetstore.unity.com/publishers/23554?aid=1101lw3sv Chromisu: Handpainted Forest MEGA Pack https://assetstore.unity.com/packages/3d/vegetation/handpainted-forest-mega-pack-248421?aid=1101lw3sv SineVFX: Better Crystals https://assetstore.unity.com/packages/vfx/shaders/better-crystals-235002?aid=1101lw3sv *Follow me!* https://linktr.ee/gitamend

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