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животные

планета земля

земля

про животных

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природа

климат

энциклопедия

выхухоль

русская выхухоль

хохуля

Desmana moschata

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русская выхухоль красная книга

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интересныефакты

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география

море

горы

океан

00:00:15

Hello everyone, you are on the planet Earth channel.

00:00:17

And today we will talk about Muskrat.

00:00:20

Whatooo.

00:00:21

Oh comm.

00:00:22

Did the author get sick and began to speak incantations.

00:00:26

No dear friends.

00:00:27

It is Desman or hokhulya that is a funny long-nosed

00:00:30

animal that loves water procedures.

00:00:32

And how not to talk about such a beast with such an interesting

00:00:37

name.

00:00:38

Go.

00:00:39

Currently, there are 2 types of desman: Russian

00:00:42

and Pyrenean.

00:00:44

The Russian desman is in many ways a unique animal that has been doing well

00:00:47

on Earth for over 30 million years.

00:00:51

Our desman is much larger than the Pyrenean.

00:00:54

In this case, it will be about her.

00:00:57

As before, and in our time, the appearance of this secretive

00:01:01

animal, similar to a nosed rat and belonging

00:01:04

to the mole family , has not changed significantly

00:01:07

for its amazing ability to build deep holes.

00:01:10

The main distinguishing feature of the desman is a

00:01:13

long nose resembling a trunk, paws with membranes

00:01:17

between the toes, a powerful tail, covered with hard

00:01:20

coarse scales, which the animal uses as a

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rudder.

00:01:25

The body of the Russian desman is streamlined and seems to have been created

00:01:28

for an active life both on land and in water, the abdomen of

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the animal is silvery-white, the back is dark.

00:01:36

This color of the animal makes it unobtrusive

00:01:39

in the aquatic environment.

00:01:40

The coat is very thick and does not get wet, as the animal

00:01:43

constantly lubricates it with musk, which is produced

00:01:46

with the help of special glands.

00:01:48

If the color of the desman allows it to be masked, then a strong

00:01:52

smell often gives it away.

00:01:54

By the way, here's the answer to you why Muskrat.

00:01:56

They say that Desman smells like desman, and nothing more than

00:02:00

others!

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The name of this amphibious animal is derived from the word

00:02:04

"huhat", which in Old Russian meant "to stink".

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The fact is that on the tail of the desman there is a special organ,

00:02:11

or rather gland, which secretes a rather odorous

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substance.

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With the help of this "stinking" musky smell, the animal

00:02:19

discourages the appetite of most predators, that is, the

00:02:21

desire to use them as food.

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Well, for most people, this smell is rather pleasant

00:02:27

than disgusting, in the old days, the tails of these animals were used to

00:02:31

rearrange linen and clothes, thereby giving it a musky

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aroma, and was also widely used in perfumery

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.

00:02:40

So the desman smells more pleasant than

00:02:42

"stinks" as they put it!

00:02:44

The desman's eyesight is very weak, but it does not play a

00:02:47

key role in their lifestyle, moreover, this deficiency

00:02:50

almost completely compensates for a very acute

00:02:53

sense of smell.

00:02:54

Hearing in this animal is also highly developed, but it

00:02:57

still has certain features.

00:02:59

She may not hear quite loud sounds, such as

00:03:03

people talking, but responds instantly to small

00:03:06

rustles, crunching branches or a splash of water.

00:03:08

Scientists explain this feature by living conditions.

00:03:12

This is a fairly small animal, the body length of an adult

00:03:16

Russian desman is about 20 cm without a

00:03:20

tail, it is about the same length and who knows such a

00:03:24

science as mathematics understands that the total length reaches

00:03:27

about 40 cm.The mass of the animal is about 500 grams.

00:03:32

The desman has a large, movable nose, on which a

00:03:35

very sensitive mustache is located - this is a very important

00:03:38

instrument in an animal.

00:03:39

The eyes are small, like black beads, which

00:03:42

are surrounded by an area of light skin that is not overgrown with hair.

00:03:45

The hind and front legs are very short, with the

00:03:48

hind legs clubfoot and the toes connected by webbing,

00:03:52

making them an excellent tool for getting around

00:03:55

underwater.

00:03:56

Very sharp claws make it easy to dig deep holes

00:03:59

in which these animals live.

00:04:01

These animals lead an amphibian lifestyle.

00:04:04

Khokhula chooses places for life along the quiet course of

00:04:07

rivers, backwaters and lakes.

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They dig holes - and these are real engineering structures

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10 m or more long, with many passages and branches.

00:04:17

This allows the desman to store food supplies that

00:04:20

they eat during times of famine, hide from enemies,

00:04:23

and move around in search of food.

00:04:26

These tunnels are especially good in winter: they are quite

00:04:29

warm and there is an opportunity to find prey.

00:04:32

On the shores of reservoirs, you can find whole networks of underground

00:04:35

tunnels, the entrances to which are hidden under the water column.

00:04:37

In the hot season, when the water level drops noticeably, the animal

00:04:41

deepens underground burrows, again taking them under the water

00:04:44

surface.

00:04:45

It is very difficult to find such dwellings, since they are

00:04:48

very cautious animals.

00:04:50

Many dangers, hunters and predators have taught these

00:04:54

animals to lead a secretive lifestyle.

00:04:56

Over the course of 30 million years, desman has learned

00:04:59

to hide well from the outside world.

00:05:01

But still, their habitats often give out the remains of food

00:05:05

that they leave near their burrows.

00:05:07

This is what predators take advantage of.

00:05:09

In natural conditions, these are very vulnerable animals,

00:05:12

their life is influenced by too many aggressive factors:

00:05:16

fluctuations in the water level in reservoirs, predators and humans.

00:05:19

Therefore, as a rule, they do not live in their natural environment for

00:05:22

more than 3-4 years .

00:05:23

In ideal conditions for wildlife sanctuaries or zoos, when the desman

00:05:27

does not interfere and does not threaten, it can live up to 5-6

00:05:30

years.

00:05:31

It is the short life expectancy, vulnerability to

00:05:34

natural factors and low fertility

00:05:38

in many ways that made this species endangered.

00:05:40

The Russian desman is common in the basins of the Don rivers, the Dnieper

00:05:44

is found in the upper Volga. Previously, these animals were

00:05:47

often found in the forests of Eastern and part of Western

00:05:51

Europe, now they are on the verge of

00:05:54

extinction and are taken under the protection of international organizations.

00:05:59

Their main habitats are located along rivers

00:06:02

with weak currents or near stagnant bodies of water.

00:06:05

It is very good if the banks of such reservoirs are covered with

00:06:08

dense vegetation, and the soil consists mainly

00:06:11

of sandstones and loams.

00:06:13

These are the most suitable conditions for Khokhuli.

00:06:15

They often coexist with beavers and peacefully share

00:06:19

habitats with them, since they are not competitive

00:06:22

species, and they are not interested in beavers as a food resource.

00:06:26

And what do Desmanders themselves eat.

00:06:27

In the warm season from May to October, the main diet of the

00:06:31

desman is small insects, larvae and crustaceans,

00:06:35

less often leeches and marsh plants.

00:06:38

Since these animals do not hibernate in winter,

00:06:40

they do not accumulate fat stores.

00:06:42

In winter, the situation with food for the hohuli is much

00:06:46

more difficult.

00:06:47

As food, they can catch a hibernating frog,

00:06:50

small fish, which also becomes easy prey

00:06:53

at this time , as well as river mollusks.

00:06:56

The appetite of these animals is excellent, sometimes the weight of the

00:06:59

food eaten is equal to the weight of the animal itself.

00:07:01

This is because they are very mobile and have a

00:07:05

fast metabolism.

00:07:06

And how are Khokhuli doing on the love front?

00:07:09

Mating games of seemingly quiet animals are accompanied by

00:07:12

loud sounds made by males and melodious

00:07:15

tunes of females.

00:07:16

There are very fierce fights between males for the female,

00:07:20

which is difficult to expect from these noses.

00:07:23

Desman offspring are usually brought in in spring and late

00:07:25

autumn.

00:07:26

Pregnancy lasts about one and a half months, then

00:07:28

up to 5 cubs are born, which are completely

00:07:31

independent and weigh only 2-3 grams, and this

00:07:35

is 250 times less than an adult.

00:07:38

At the first stage, both parents take part

00:07:41

in their upbringing and feeding .

00:07:43

After about 6 months, the cubs become independent

00:07:46

and leave their parents.

00:07:48

Upon reaching 11-12 months, individuals become reproductive.

00:07:51

Not all survive to this stage, part of the offspring

00:07:54

inevitably perishes.

00:07:56

And what happened in the 19th century is just horror.

00:07:59

Desman was killed en masse for their skins and musky

00:08:02

fluid, such actions led to a sharp decline in

00:08:05

their population.

00:08:06

At present, the exact number of these animals is

00:08:09

unknown, since the Little Russian leads a secretive lifestyle

00:08:12

and it is extremely rare to meet it on land.

00:08:15

According to rough estimates of experts, the

00:08:17

desman population today is about

00:08:19

30 thousand individuals.

00:08:21

The population of animals is negatively affected by pollution and drainage of

00:08:25

water bodies, deforestation of rivers growing in floodplains, construction of

00:08:28

dams and dams, development of water protection zones and distributed

00:08:32

fishing nets, which are often caught by the khokhula.

00:08:35

Now there are 4 reserves and about 80 reserves

00:08:39

where this animal is under observation.

00:08:42

Active measures are being taken to protect and protect these

00:08:44

animals and restore their numbers.

00:08:46

Also, a special project called "Save the

00:08:49

Russian desman" was created, which is assessing the number of

00:08:53

desman and develops measures for its conservation.

00:08:57

After all, where are we without khokhuli without this smelly nosed

00:09:00

animal.

00:09:01

We watch, listen, record, subscribe.

00:09:03

Do not forget to like and share this video with your

00:09:06

friends, it helps a lot to promote.

00:09:09

With you was the planet earth channel.

Description:

Приветствую, Вы на канале "Планета Земля". Здесь мы будем изучать интересные факты о нашей Земле. Животный мир, растения, природные явления, география и многое другое. Подписывайтесь, Вы не пожалеете! Сегодня мы поговорим о Выхухоли! О ком? Неужели автор заболел и начал говорить заклинания? Нет, дорогие друзья. Именно выхухоль или хохуля - это смешной длинноносый зверёк, любящий водные процедуры. И как не поговорить о такой животине с таким интересным названием. Поехали. Наш сайт: https://my-pet.store/ Telegram: https://t.me/Zoolands Группа в ВК: https://vk.com/zoochanel Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Boosty (для РФ): https://boosty.to/planetazemlya1984 Patreon (НЕ для РФ): https://www.patreon.com/PlanetEarth1984 СПАСИБО за помощь в развитии канала (для РФ): https://yoomoney.ru/to/410018466597151

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