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EpicHistoryTV

Эпичная история

декабристы

россия

русская история

документальное кино

история России

история Крыма

крепостное право

крепостные

Османская империя

Александр II

царь

романов

великая игра

восстание декабристов

Кавказская война

Пушкин

Толстой

продажа Аляски

Герцен

Севастополь

эмансипация

польское восстание

отмена крепостного права 1861

отмена крепостного права

Николай

Александр 2

Лев Толстой

Война и Мир

Достоевский

крым

социализм

пушкин

самодержавие

эпичнаяистория

историяроссии

00:00:07

1825.

00:00:11

Victory over Napoleon had confirmed Russia's status as a world power.

00:00:17

But there was discontent within Russia amongst intellectuals and army officers, some of whom

00:00:22

had formed secret societies, to plot the overthrow of Russia's autocratic system.

00:00:30

When Emperor Alexander was succeeded not, as expected, by his brother Constantine, but

00:00:36

by a younger brother, Nicholas, one of these secret societies used the confusion to launch

00:00:43

a military coup.

00:00:44

But the Decembrist Revolt, as it became known, was defeated by loyalist troops, and the ringleaders

00:00:52

were hanged.

00:00:53

Others were sent into 'internal exile' in Siberia.

00:00:58

This was to become a common sentence for criminals and political prisoners in Tsarist Russia.

00:01:07

Nicholas went on to adopt an official doctrine of 'Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality'

00:01:13

– the state was to rest on the pillars of church, Tsar, and the Russian national spirit

00:01:21

- a clear rejection of the values of European liberalism.

00:01:28

In the Caucasus, border clashes with Persia led to a war which ended in complete Russian

00:01:34

victory.

00:01:35

The Treaty of Turkmenchay forced Persia to cede all its territories in the region to

00:01:41

Russia, and pay a large indemnity.

00:01:47

Russian support for Greece in its War of Independence against the Ottomans, led to war between Russia

00:01:54

and the Ottoman Empire.

00:01:56

Russian victory brought further gains in the Black Sea region.

00:02:01

A Polish revolt, led by young army officers, was crushed by Russian troops.

00:02:10

Alexander Pushkin, Russia's greatest poet, was shot in a duel, and two days later died

00:02:17

from his wounds.

00:02:19

Nicholas sent troops to help put down a Hungarian revolt against Austrian rule.

00:02:25

The Emperor's willingness to help suppress liberal revolts won him the nickname, 'the

00:02:30

Gendarme', or policeman, of Europe.

00:02:35

Russia's first major railway was opened, connecting St.Petersburg and Moscow.

00:02:44

Alexander Herzen, a leading intellectual critic of Russia's autocracy, emigrated to London,

00:02:50

where he continued to call for reform in his homeland.

00:02:54

He'd later be described as 'the father of Russian socialism'.

00:02:59

The Ottoman Empire, now known as 'the sick man of Europe', reacted to further Russian

00:03:05

provocations by declaring war.

00:03:08

The Russian Black Sea Fleet inflicted a crushing defeat on the Turks at the Battle of Sinope.

00:03:15

But Britain and France - alarmed at Russia's southern expansion, and potential control

00:03:22

of Constantinople – declared war on Russia.

00:03:26

The Allies landed troops in Crimea and besieged the naval base of Sevastopol, which fell after

00:03:34

a gruelling, year-long siege.

00:03:38

In the Baltic, British and French warships blockaded the Russian capital, St.Petersburg.

00:03:48

Russia was forced to sign a humiliating peace, withdraw its forces from the Black Sea, and

00:03:54

put on hold plans for further southern expansion.

00:04:05

Nicholas I was succeeded by his son, Alexander II.

00:04:12

The Crimean War had exposed Russia's weakness – the country lagged far behind its European

00:04:18

rivals in industry, infrastructure and military power.

00:04:24

So Alexander, unlike his father, decided to embrace reform.

00:04:31

The most obvious sign of Russia's backwardness was serfdom.

00:04:37

According to the 1857 census, more than a third of Russians were serfs, forced to work

00:04:44

their masters' land, with few rights, restrictions on movement, and their status passed down

00:04:50

to their children.

00:04:51

They were slaves in all but name.

00:04:57

In 1861, Alexander II abolished serfdom in Russia.

00:05:02

He was hailed as 'The Liberator'.

00:05:05

But in reality, most former-serfs remained trapped in servitude and poverty.

00:05:12

Alexander's reforms would continue, with the creation of the zemstva - provincial assemblies

00:05:18

with authority over local affairs, including education and social welfare.

00:05:25

In the Far East, Russia forced territorial concessions from a weakened China, leading

00:05:30

to the founding of Vladivostok, Russia's major Pacific port.

00:05:37

Another uprising by Poles and Lithuanians against Russian rule was once more crushed

00:05:44

by the Russian army.

00:05:46

In the Caucasus, Russia's long and brutal war against local tribes came to an end, with

00:05:53

their leaders swearing oaths of loyalty to the Tsar.

00:05:59

In Central Asia, the Russian Empire was gradually expanding southwards.

00:06:05

Russian armies defeated the Emirate of Bukhara, and the Khanate of Khiva, and by the 1880s,

00:06:12

Russia had conquered most of what was then called Turkestan – today, the countries

00:06:17

of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan.

00:06:25

Imperial rivalry in Central Asia between Russia and Britain led to 'the Great Game' – a

00:06:32

19th century version of the Cold War.

00:06:36

Centred on Afghanistan, diplomats and spies on both sides tried to win local support,

00:06:42

extend their own influence, and limit the expansion of their rival - while avoiding

00:06:47

direct military confrontation.

00:06:52

Russia decided to sell Alaska to America for 7.2 million dollars.

00:06:58

Many Americans thought it was a waste of money – gold and oil were only discovered there

00:07:04

much later.

00:07:06

Leo Tolstoy's 'War & Peace' was published, still regarded as one of the world's greatest

00:07:12

works of literature.

00:07:14

The late 19th century was a cultural golden age for Russia: a period of literary greats,

00:07:21

and outstanding composers.

00:07:23

Russia, in support of nationalist revolts in the Balkans against Ottoman rule, went

00:07:30

to war with the Ottoman Empire once more.

00:07:34

Russian troops crossed the Danube... then, with Bulgarian help, fought to secure the

00:07:41

vital Shipka Pass.

00:07:44

Then they launched a bloody, five-month siege of Plevna, in Bulgaria.

00:07:50

Russia and her allies finally won victory, with their troops threatening Constantinople

00:07:56

itself.

00:07:59

But at the Congress of Berlin, Russia bowed to international pressure, and accepted limited

00:08:05

gains, in a settlement that also led to independence for Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, and later,

00:08:13

Bulgaria.

00:08:14

Meanwhile, within Russia, radical political groups were increasingly frustrated by Alexander

00:08:21

II's limited reforms.

00:08:24

There were several failed attempts to assassinate the Emperor.

00:08:28

But as he prepared to approve new constitutional reforms, he was killed in St.Petersburg by

00:08:35

a bomb thrown by members of the People's Will – one of the world's first modern terrorist

00:08:41

groups.

00:08:43

This act of violence would lead only to a new era of repression.

00:08:53

00:08:59

00:09:02

00:09:07

00:09:08

Description:

История России продолжается с коронации императора Николая I в 1825 году, при котором происходит восстание декабристов и продолжается укрепление самодержавия в России. Александр II наследует трон своего отца и решает, что России необходимы срочные реформы. В 1861 году он отменяет крепостное право. Это деяние дало ему титул «Освободитель», но крепостные по-прежнему борются с бедностью и долгами. Но радикалы в России, поддверженные жестоким преследованиям, возмущены отсутствием реформ со стороны Александра II. Террористическая группировка «Народная воля» после нескольких неудачных попыток наконец-то успешно убила Императора в 1881 году... Телеграм: https://t.me/epichistorytv Задонатить через бота: https://t.me/ehdonatebot Наши видео в ВК: https://vk.com/epichistorytv Дзен: https://dzen.ru/epichistorytv Поддержка в валюте: Boosty: https://boosty.to/epichistory Юmoney: https://yoomoney.ru/to/41001935501948 DonationAlerts: https://www.donationalerts.com/r/epichistoryru Тинькофф: https://www.tinkoff.ru/collectmoney/crowd/pokasov.ivan1/dBnGI90298/?short_link=68ulbWYu68U&httpMethod=HEAD или 2200700144219879 Сбербанк: https://pay.mysbertips.ru/07746918 или 4276380029506883 Альфа-банк: 5559493715924438 В криптовалюте: BTC: 1Aa5n6CqN4M48dx1o5dr7tTNwm91HoSpD9 TON: UQB_JuL5FRt0eRAed0JGv84FrAMOY5jI1NLcvjFkOckaDkdi USDT (TRC20): TBCj4uhmZCVd5RfUBxeK5oRhkE15gRv27D USDT (TON): UQCmyI6lPMH1uKOtV7zZNxuXCmx-YFoTz2J7KtJBh4jd67T1 Эпичная История познакомит вас с самыми драматичными и удивительными событиями в истории, от гигантских конфликтов, таких как Первая мировая война, до эпичной истории таких стран, как Россия. Я использую анимированные карты, изображения и тщательно изученные источники, собираю как можно больше фактов и все для того, чтобы вы могли погрузится в эти впечатляющие события из нашего прошлого. Станьте спонсором канала, и вы получите доступ к эксклюзивным бонусам. Подробнее: https://boosty.to/epichistory Для сотрудничества: [email protected] Музыка: Filmstro

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