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  • ruRussian
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00:00:04
hello guys, my name is
00:00:07
Tatyana Gennadievna Belousova,
00:00:09
I’m a chemistry teacher, the topic of today’s lesson is
00:00:12
very interesting, I would even say it’s
00:00:15
topical,
00:00:16
and it’s about this effect, the greenhouse
00:00:19
effect, that the topic of our lesson is
00:00:21
probably talked about more recently than
00:00:24
maybe about some other
00:00:25
consequences that we can observe
00:00:28
in environment, as you know, you have
00:00:31
probably heard many times that there are a
00:00:35
lot of conferences
00:00:37
dedicated to solving this problem, there are
00:00:41
odious speeches by some
00:00:43
political figures,
00:00:45
journalists, scientists who talk about
00:00:49
such a problem,
00:00:50
let’s try today to figure out
00:00:53
what kind of effect this is, is
00:00:57
its presence on our planet so scary when
00:01:00
it was first discovered
00:01:02
and what threats and, accordingly,
00:01:04
solutions need to be applied in order to
00:01:08
solve these problems, so the greenhouse
00:01:12
effect is an effect that is observed on our
00:01:15
planet, each of you has encountered such an effect
00:01:18
in your life, probably you have probably
00:01:20
been in greenhouses at least once
00:01:23
and paid attention to the fact that
00:01:25
inside the greenhouse is always much warmer
00:01:28
than outside, or for example, if in the
00:01:32
summer or warm time you
00:01:34
were in a car where, for example, the windows were
00:01:37
all closed, of course you noticed that
00:01:40
after some time being inside
00:01:42
this car you become unbearably
00:01:45
hot because inside the machine,
00:01:48
just the same greenhouse effect is formed. For the
00:01:51
first time, the greenhouse effect became
00:01:54
known, that is, it was noticed in 1824 by
00:02:00
Fourier scientists, then in 1896 this effect was
00:02:07
read quantitatively and,
00:02:10
accordingly, further from 1960,
00:02:15
as you can see on
00:02:16
our graph, they began to record the
00:02:19
content of one of the components of
00:02:22
greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide in
00:02:25
the atmosphere, and so initially let's
00:02:28
talk about what kind of greenhouse
00:02:31
effect this is and how it is caused. Well,
00:02:34
firstly, the greenhouse effect has
00:02:36
always been on our planet, this is due to the fact
00:02:40
that the atmosphere of our earth has always
00:02:42
contained carbon dioxide has
00:02:44
always contained methane, has always contained
00:02:47
water vapor and the ozone layer since a certain time,
00:02:51
so 4 gases are,
00:02:55
respectively, 1 gas that is included in
00:02:58
the composition of the gas that
00:03:00
explains the greenhouse effect, these are
00:03:02
water vapor, while the share of the greenhouse
00:03:06
effect from water is 36 70 percent,
00:03:10
respectively 2 gas, which is but
00:03:14
conditionally its culprit is
00:03:17
carbon dioxide,
00:03:18
its content in the cause of the greenhouse
00:03:22
effect is from 9 26 percent 3 gas is methane gas,
00:03:28
this gas makes up 49 percent of the
00:03:32
greenhouse effect, and there is also
00:03:36
ozone, which contains 37
00:03:40
percent. I will emphasize once again that the
00:03:42
earth’s atmosphere initially contained
00:03:45
carbon dioxide methane
00:03:47
and already water vapor and ozone appeared a little
00:03:50
later
00:03:51
due to the greenhouse effect on our
00:03:53
planet much warmer than if
00:03:56
it had not existed if at all these gases
00:04:00
were not in the atmosphere of the temperature on
00:04:02
our planet would be so low that
00:04:05
life on it would be impossible therefore,
00:04:07
one of the reasons for the positive reasons for the
00:04:10
presence of the greenhouse effect explains
00:04:13
that the temperature on the planet and near the
00:04:16
earth’s crust is correspondingly
00:04:19
high and sufficient for
00:04:22
living organisms to live in, but on the other hand, the
00:04:25
content of these gases changes,
00:04:28
in particular carbon dioxide, and this is what we
00:04:30
will talk about today To a large
00:04:32
extent, this is due to the fact that carbon
00:04:36
dioxide in the atmosphere can periodically
00:04:39
increase its content and decrease;
00:04:42
this has already happened several times in the entire
00:04:44
history of the development of our planet; there were
00:04:47
periods when there was
00:04:49
much more carbon dioxide than it is now in
00:04:52
the atmosphere; there were periods of warming; and there were
00:04:55
periods cold snaps, well, for example, 18
00:04:57
million years ago the temperature on our
00:05:00
planet was 18 about 20 degrees
00:05:03
less than the
00:05:06
average on our planet,
00:05:08
now the
00:05:09
carbon dioxide content at that time
00:05:12
was zero point zero two hundredths, which means
00:05:16
carbon dioxide is the main gas
00:05:18
that, unfortunately, in greenhouses gases are
00:05:21
now increasing, which means this is due to the fact
00:05:24
that carbon dioxide is heavy,
00:05:27
we can prove that carbon dioxide acts in exactly this way with
00:05:30
the help of a simple experiment, if you
00:05:33
take a plastic bottle and place in
00:05:35
it, for example, soda and vinegar, then a
00:05:42
chemical reaction occurs between them, if you
00:05:46
close this bottle with a cork, but
00:05:49
put a straw out of it, for example, maybe an
00:05:52
ordinary plastic straw and we
00:05:56
put a still lit candle in this outer glass,
00:05:59
then we will find that
00:06:03
after a while the
00:06:05
names of the candle that has the smallest height will go out first
00:06:08
and then the candles will
00:06:11
go out as the height in the
00:06:14
candle itself increases
00:06:15
this is due to the fact that in the face sogas has a
00:06:17
higher density relative to air and
00:06:21
therefore it goes down and,
00:06:23
accordingly, without supporting the combustion, the
00:06:25
candles will
00:06:27
go out accordingly, and this is a simple
00:06:29
experiment you can conduct at home, which
00:06:31
proves that carbon dioxide enters the
00:06:34
lower part of the atmosphere and its
00:06:37
greatest concentration is found contain it
00:06:39
near the earth's shell, but now
00:06:41
let's return to our graph. Is it so scary
00:06:44
and maybe these changes in co2 are not so
00:06:47
significant? Let's see, since
00:06:51
1960, we have been measuring carbon dioxide in
00:06:54
the atmosphere,
00:06:55
as you can see from the graph, the meaning of these
00:06:59
numbers, here they are control
00:07:01
points, you can see which is
00:07:04
growing significantly and I am telling you the data for
00:07:09
2010, also for 2017, you can look at
00:07:13
the data for 2020, perhaps
00:07:16
you can find such data on your own, but
00:07:19
it is expected that this figure will be even higher, that
00:07:22
is, it turns out even for 60 years
00:07:25
that have passed since the start of
00:07:27
carbon dioxide measurements its
00:07:30
content is almost one hundredth and I’m
00:07:34
afraid even a little more what this
00:07:37
leads to, this leads to the fact that
00:07:39
the temperature on our planet begins
00:07:42
to rise and so once again I turn to
00:07:45
this figure, I want to explain to you
00:07:47
that due to the fact that solar radiation
00:07:49
penetrates our planet it is
00:07:52
accordingly absorbed, but
00:07:55
reflected back at the earth’s shell, it
00:07:57
accordingly does not all go
00:08:00
outside and remains lingering on the
00:08:03
inner layer of our atmosphere, which
00:08:06
causes such artificial
00:08:07
heating, but let’s return to the
00:08:10
greenhouse effect, so what threats does the
00:08:13
greenhouse effect pose, that is, what does an
00:08:16
increase in the content of that lead to? same
00:08:19
co2 in the atmosphere, firstly,
00:08:23
the temperature on our planet is increasing, you know, it
00:08:26
has been calculated that there is and the temperature on
00:08:28
our planet will increase by an average of at least
00:08:32
1 2 degrees, this will lead to the
00:08:35
level of the world ocean rising by
00:08:38
several meters, that is, if this is a
00:08:41
temperature of 1 degree then one meter with
00:08:45
the summer and, accordingly, there are those
00:08:48
coastal states in which this
00:08:51
level can
00:08:52
cause flooding if it is
00:08:55
at 68 degrees then this can lead to
00:08:58
flooding of an even larger area and this will
00:09:02
lead to the fact that people will have to
00:09:04
move to higher areas of
00:09:06
land with responsible animals
00:09:08
you will also have to do this, otherwise the territory
00:09:11
will be flooded. The second point is
00:09:14
that the water level, as
00:09:19
I already said, will rise, part of
00:09:24
the land will be flooded, accordingly,
00:09:27
arable land, including they will
00:09:30
decrease, accordingly, this will lead
00:09:33
to the fact that less
00:09:36
crops will be grown, and this may lead to
00:09:38
more serious consequences, including famine,
00:09:41
but maybe not in such
00:09:43
significant quantities, but such a threat
00:09:45
is, accordingly, those lands that are
00:09:49
needed for life for people to live in
00:09:55
will decrease and, accordingly, you need to
00:09:59
think about the fact that the animal world,
00:10:02
accordingly, will also be possible to
00:10:05
decrease over due to the fact that there will be
00:10:08
less oil for food,
00:10:09
these animals will have to move,
00:10:12
perhaps not all animals can
00:10:14
overcome this moment, and since you see
00:10:17
the threat is not easy, it really is a serious
00:10:20
problem
00:10:21
about this, so every year
00:10:23
scientists and politicians try to talk and decide what
00:10:27
needs to be done and so what to do what what to do
00:10:31
in this regard, so the first thing you need to think
00:10:36
about is how to reduce
00:10:39
carbon dioxide emissions. Here, I would like to
00:10:41
say that 77 percent of
00:10:45
its increase in carbon dioxide occurs due to the fact
00:10:48
that the transport industry operates,
00:10:50
so the first point is to
00:10:53
reduce the use of hydrocarbon
00:10:59
fuels,
00:11:02
accordingly, use less,
00:11:04
for example, oil and oil products, the
00:11:07
same coal, it is possible to switch by some
00:11:10
type of transport to gas, which
00:11:14
still produces less
00:11:15
soot, the same that pollutes
00:11:17
the atmosphere and causes
00:11:20
additional
00:11:21
stress on the atmosphere. The second point
00:11:23
is to increase the amount of land
00:11:28
between the lands of arable
00:11:30
arable land.
00:11:35
you need to plant plants
00:11:39
why plants are needed because as you
00:11:42
know there is a process of photosynthesis
00:11:44
due to which plants absorb
00:11:47
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere,
00:11:49
they convert it into glucose and oxygen,
00:11:52
so this is why forest fires are dangerous,
00:11:55
which cause the destruction of a
00:11:58
forest belt, for example, there are
00:12:01
fewer forests, so instead of a dead plant It is
00:12:04
imperative to grow new ones; in
00:12:07
addition, you need to think about how to reduce
00:12:10
pollution, which also negatively
00:12:14
affects the atmosphere and causes
00:12:18
additional stress on our
00:12:20
atmosphere. As you can see, the problem that
00:12:23
we talked about today really
00:12:24
exists;
00:12:25
if the greenhouse effect goes beyond the
00:12:29
controllability stage, this can lead to
00:12:31
irreversible consequences, an example of such a
00:12:34
striking example of such a negative
00:12:36
effect is the glider planet Venus
00:12:38
on which an uncontrollable
00:12:41
greenhouse effect occurs due to which
00:12:44
the temperature on this planet
00:12:46
has increased to 4,175 degrees Celsius,
00:12:50
if there was once water on this planet, it
00:12:52
must
00:12:53
have evaporated long ago due to such a high
00:12:55
temperature, molten the surface of the
00:12:58
earth is located plus there is also
00:13:00
the fact that on this planet there are clouds and
00:13:03
rain and sulfuric acid the planet is
00:13:06
absolutely unsuitable for habitation,
00:13:09
so it is on Venus that an
00:13:13
uncontrollable greenhouse effect occurs, but what
00:13:16
can you personally do, I
00:13:19
everyone will agree that the solution to this problem Some of us
00:13:21
can think and do in this regard,
00:13:24
I think that it is possible how to do it, how to
00:13:28
work with fuel, your
00:13:30
task may not be so easy to solve, but
00:13:33
maybe you will have some kind of
00:13:35
fantastic or real idea how to
00:13:37
use this moment here
00:13:40
maybe it will be some other modes of
00:13:41
transport that run on other
00:13:44
alternative types of fuel, then
00:13:47
each of you is able to plant
00:13:49
several trees,
00:13:51
this is within our power, you will agree, plus
00:13:54
we can make some efforts
00:13:56
to reduce air pollution,
00:13:59
so each of us can really do
00:14:01
that something to do to solve this
00:14:03
problem and you can’t
00:14:04
get away from this problem, it must be
00:14:07
solved, we don’t want to live
00:14:10
on Venus then, that is, you will absolutely not be able to live on
00:14:12
such a planet,
00:14:14
and so I hope that today’s
00:14:17
lesson will help you
00:14:18
solve such problems that are not worth it
00:14:21
only in front of chemistry as a science
00:14:23
but also in other branches of science and
00:14:26
our ordinary life, I hope that you were
00:14:29
interested in reading please
00:14:31
take an interest in
00:14:32
this problem and I would like maybe
00:14:36
you will send some of your comments on
00:14:38
how you would solve these problems, but for
00:14:42
today Goodbye to me guys
00:14:45
[music]

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