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Десктоп приложения

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Python (Programming Language)

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десктопные приложения

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python gui

python gui tkinter

00:00:01

Hello everyone, and this is the it hobes project with you, and in

00:00:04

this video I’ll tell you how to use

00:00:06

standard Python 3 tools, namely

00:00:08

using the library for developing the

00:00:10

tkinter graphical interface,

00:00:12

create icon applications, build

00:00:13

graphs of functions in them, for example,

00:00:16

let’s look at the construction of a graph of the

00:00:17

sine function in detail, but not only the software

00:00:19

part But also a little theory To

00:00:21

understand the logic of the

00:00:22

program, of course, there are a number of

00:00:25

libraries that solve the problem more

00:00:26

efficiently and much simpler, but it is

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equally important for us to understand How to create and

00:00:30

work with a graphical interface in

00:00:32

Python Well, let's get started

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as D we will use py

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Community Edition free liquidation

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from

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jetbrains let's launch dde and create a

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project, give it the name

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lineart, press the Create button,

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then with the right key in the project tree,

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create a Python

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file called

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Main

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ok, and now we're ready to write code, let's

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create a simple window application

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using the integrated

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tkinter library. To do this, we need to

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import The module ITSELF

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From tein

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import and

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asterisk the following command will

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create the root window of the

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program and finally To display the

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main window you need to call the

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Main loop method, be sure to use the last line of

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code to run the resulting Code and

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make sure it is

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correct As you can see, Three lines of

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code are enough to create a horse application

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which So far, nothing doesn’t do it But

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the main thing is already

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working Now let’s set the title and

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set the size of the window (

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brackets) and

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now

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write the name of our program in quotes

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Let’s say it will be plotting a

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function y as a function of

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x Next let’s set its

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size to Root

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Geometry

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120 by

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620 Let’s launch

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the application and As

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you can see, the size of the window has changed on

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the corresponding one the name has also changed,

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looking ahead, I want to say why the

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window size is not equal to 000. Our

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juice is made for ease of construction

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so that there are indent boundaries of 10

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pixels on each side, then the

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coordinate grid in the window will be exactly

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1 in 600 under the coordinate grid

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Of course that coordinate grid of our

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chart for drawing graphic

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primitives. And in our case, the grid lines

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need to call a module object

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called canvas can or allows you

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to place other objects on itself such as

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image primitives, buttons, text

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fields, etc. Let’s create our object

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you you

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you and in parentheses we’ll give it parameters the

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first parameter will be

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Root then the

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20th is

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equal to

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620 and

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BG actually these four parameters

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indicate the following the first indicates the

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parent window the second the third is the

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width and height of the canvas and the last is the

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background color

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to display our canvas object

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we need to apply the method to it let's

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see what we have we

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got it, as you can see, the background color has changed

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and the size of the canvas is now equal to

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the size of the parent

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window. The next step is to build a

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coordinate grid of the graph, but before that

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we should talk about the markings or the

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origin of the object is in the

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upper left corner in the figure, what you

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see on the screen shows the coordinates of the

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points first the number is the value in X,

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respectively, the second value in and both of

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these values give us an understanding of where in

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space the beginning of the object is located on the

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canvas; the coordinate grid consists of

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intersecting perpendicular

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horizontal and vertical lines; what

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lines we need will vary depending on the size of the window,

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that is, the number of vertical lines

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equal to the width of the object can divided by the

00:06:05

distance between the lines, take this

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distance equal to 50 pixels,

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respectively 1020 / 50 = 24 About round,

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this value is

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21, let's calculate the number of horizontal

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grid lines, dividing the

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height by the distance between the lines,

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we get the number 20 12.4, again rounded

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to 13 So we will get a grid of 21 by 13 50

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pixels, now let's start writing

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the code. Draw the grid lines vertically.

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To do this, we need to create a loop with the

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number of iterations equal to

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21 or Y in

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Range in the body of the loop, create a variable K

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which will be equal to the product of the

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distance between the lines and the

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loop counter or 50 Smart on

00:07:07

Y, now you need to call the Create

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L method, give it the following

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parameters 10 n,

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next parameter

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610, next 10 +

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K and 10, set

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wids equal to one ifl the

00:08:03

first pair of numbers or the first pair of

00:08:06

parameters specifies the coordinates of the beginning of the

00:08:09

line itself, and the second pair is the end of this

00:08:12

line and the first In the second pair,

00:08:15

we add a variable to the X value so that

00:08:17

each subsequent line is drawn at a

00:08:18

distance of 50 pixels from the previous one. The

00:08:22

parameter sets the thickness of the line and its color

00:08:29

so that they understand which line is being built,

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or rather which cycle is responsible for constructing

00:08:33

which

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line of the grid line

00:08:45

vertically. We will write similar code for

00:08:48

horizontal lines. grid only

00:08:50

the number of iterations of the loop will be equal to 13

00:08:52

and the variable K will be added to the

00:08:54

value of the coordinate along the river, we will

00:09:08

immediately write a

00:09:12

comment on the horizontal grid line

00:09:19

now we will implement the

00:09:26

loop itself Range

00:09:34

K =

00:09:37

50 multiplied by

00:09:41

X Well, now let’s call the same Create

00:09:52

line method and give it the following parameters

00:10:06

How you remember the first pair of numbers

00:10:09

is responsible for

00:10:11

the beginning, for the origin of the coordinates for constructing the

00:10:14

line, and the second pair for the end of

00:10:17

the coordinates for constructing this

00:10:23

line, we will set the

00:10:25

wids parameter to one and F, that is,

00:10:31

we will set the color of our line the same as in

00:10:43

the previous one, we will run our

00:10:49

code. As you can see, we have a pretty

00:10:53

nice grid, we will implement it now the

00:10:56

coordinate axes are the same as before Using the

00:10:58

Create line method we will

00:11:14

also immediately write

00:11:23

a comment on the

00:11:26

X and

00:11:34

Y coordinate line, call the

00:11:39

can Create line method and set the following

00:11:44

parameters

00:12:00

W will still be equal to

00:12:06

one, the

00:12:10

parameter will be responsible for

00:12:13

drawing an arrow at the end of the line

00:12:17

and will take the

00:12:24

First color of the line let's make it white

00:12:42

in this case, we had the Y axis and

00:12:44

now draw the

00:12:57

X axis, it will divide our

00:13:01

coordinate Svetka in half.

00:13:32

Let's also add a comment so that

00:13:34

you understand where to build which axis,

00:13:41

this will be our

00:13:45

Y axis, this will be our

00:13:55

X axis. Well, Let's see what we

00:13:58

got,

00:14:02

we got the coordinate axes and the coordinate

00:14:04

grid, thereby approaching the main

00:14:06

functionality of our program, namely

00:14:08

the construction of a

00:14:11

sine graph, for this we must implement

00:14:13

the formula that is now on

00:14:17

the screen where A is the amplitude of the graph

00:14:21

Omega cyclic

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frequency A is the initial oscillation phase, in

00:14:27

more detail, the meaning of the definition of

00:14:29

this formula can be found on Wikipedia,

00:14:30

the link is in the

00:14:33

description Well, let's

00:14:37

initialize another one that will

00:14:39

respond to the next shift of the graph

00:14:41

along the

00:14:53

Y axis, so

00:15:05

I have already selected the W value of these variables.

00:15:09

In principle, after playing with them,

00:15:11

you

00:15:12

can set it yourself parameters What do you

00:15:15

want

00:15:17

to get, but let’s start with

00:15:25

this and now set the graph offset

00:15:28

to be

00:15:31

equal to 310 Let’s immediately write

00:15:35

a comment on all this To understand

00:15:38

what is

00:15:42

responsible for in this case, it will be the

00:15:44

cyclic

00:15:56

frequency, this is our graph offset along

00:16:10

X, this will be our amplitude

00:16:19

and shift of the graph along the river

00:16:29

Oh what is

00:16:38

it now we need to

00:16:41

initialize the list in which

00:16:43

our function value

00:16:52

x XY will be stored yes what is it

00:16:59

we will write a loop in which the

00:17:00

value of our

00:17:09

function will be calculated we will count 1,000

00:17:16

points now we need to import the module M to work with

00:17:20

mathematical expressions

00:17:21

we import

00:17:24

accordingly at the beginning of the

00:17:34

iporma so the module we

00:17:44

imported coordinates along the Y axis and

00:17:47

will change According to the

00:17:50

sine function Y

00:17:55

=

00:17:57

sine in brackets

00:17:59

X multiplied by our W or

00:18:06

Omega itself in brackets we will

00:18:11

do this part of

00:18:14

the formula, add the calculated value of the

00:18:16

X coordinate to the list using the method

00:18:19

append

00:18:38

in parentheses we will add phi the initial

00:18:41

phase of the oscillations. Or in other words,

00:18:45

shift the graph along the X axis, add the

00:18:48

calculated value of the Y coordinate to the list

00:19:01

plus

00:19:05

ours in

00:19:07

brackets, multiply the y value by the amplitude

00:19:10

According to the form and also add

00:19:12

D to shift the graph along the

00:19:16

Y axis and finally call the L method and display

00:19:20

Our sine graph in the window

00:19:31

equals

00:19:33

you Create

00:19:38

line indicate our list with our

00:19:42

values and set the color of the line Let

00:19:45

it be

00:19:50

blue o

00:19:59

Well, let's Now try to run it and

00:20:00

see what we

00:20:02

got So somewhere we got an error

00:20:16

Yeah, let's look at line

00:20:21

34 but we need to get out of the

00:20:25

loop like this Well,

00:20:30

as you can see, we succeeded. I

00:20:33

recommend that you play with these

00:20:34

variables, familiarize yourself with

00:20:36

harmonic oscillations on Wikipedia,

00:20:38

the link will be in the description and ask

00:20:40

questions, I hope it was

00:20:42

clear to you. Well, in the next video we will

00:20:44

upgrade our project add a lot of

00:20:46

interesting features so subscribe

00:20:48

to the channel and like

00:20:50

See you soon

Description:

Первое видео по созданию оконного приложения на Python с помощью Tkinter. Реализация элементов GUI. Инструменты создания десктоп приложений. Группа в VK - https://vk.com/ithobbies Телеграмм канал - https://t.me/ithobbies

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