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00:00:04

hello guys my name is Belousova

00:00:07

Tatyana Gennadiya chemistry teacher today I

00:00:10

would like to introduce you to a friend with

00:00:13

another additional classification of

00:00:15

chemical reactions up to this point we have

00:00:18

already said that reactions are a

00:00:21

compound of decomposition of substitution exchange, the

00:00:24

combustion reaction has also already been mentioned,

00:00:27

but today we will talk about exo and

00:00:30

endothermic reactions, what are

00:00:33

these reactions? in

00:00:54

which heat

00:00:56

is released is called exothermic

00:01:00

exothermic comes from this name

00:01:04

from exo

00:01:06

this means heat outwards outwards

00:01:14

respectively and there is a reverse reaction in

00:01:17

which heat will be absorbed if the

00:01:20

reaction is exothermic in it

00:01:23

respectively in general it is customary to

00:01:25

write down

00:01:26

heat in a video and put a plus sign there is a

00:01:31

reaction in which heat is absorbed on the contrary

00:01:33

for example, such a reaction

00:01:36

is the decomposition of water and not only

00:01:40

water, there are other examples of such reactions,

00:01:43

such reactions are called

00:01:45

endothermic, respectively, this

00:01:48

prefix in this word

00:01:51

enda means inside into inside such

00:01:58

reactions, respectively, they put a

00:02:01

minus sign q and heat is then shown

00:02:04

if it is numerical the value is shown

00:02:07

with a minus sign, heat is usually

00:02:11

expressed in kilojoules, but sometimes this is

00:02:14

done, for example, in kilocalories, let’s say,

00:02:16

as is customary for a

00:02:18

food product, to the value of such

00:02:20

products, then the value of

00:02:22

calorie kilocalories is used, let’s give an example of an

00:02:25

exothermic reaction, an

00:02:28

example of such a reaction is the already

00:02:31

familiar interaction of hydrogen with

00:02:33

oxygen as a result which

00:02:35

water is formed, but remember that

00:02:38

any equation must be equated with us,

00:02:40

respectively, we put the coefficients

00:02:42

of oxygen 2 here one before the formula of

00:02:45

water we put 2 and for hydrogen,

00:02:47

respectively, 2 this is the entry

00:02:50

that we made with you all the time before

00:02:52

this lesson is called a chemical

00:02:55

equation but on the right side I can

00:02:58

add the number 572 kilojoules and then

00:03:04

my equation that we

00:03:06

can see now

00:03:07

is this form of writing

00:03:10

is called a thermochemical equation

00:03:15

so thermochemical equations

00:03:18

are an equation in which heat is shown

00:03:21

as we can see now this heat

00:03:24

is plus 572 kilojoules value

00:03:28

which is indicated by a number in the

00:03:31

reaction equation on the right side is ordinary and

00:03:33

is written down is called the thermal effect of a

00:03:36

reaction such an unusual term thermal

00:03:41

effect the advantage of this reaction means

00:03:44

if we take hydrogen and oxygen in

00:03:46

appropriate quantities, then we

00:03:49

will get this amount of heat 572

00:03:52

kilojoules, good, but if we carry out the

00:03:55

reaction in decomposition water, respectively, the

00:03:58

coefficients in this equation will be the

00:04:01

same, I will move this equation to the

00:04:05

right side by changing places, then I draw

00:04:09

your attention, heat will also change

00:04:11

its sign but will not change numerically

00:04:14

because there is a particular manifestation of the

00:04:17

law of conservation of mass and energy, the law of

00:04:22

Laplace and Lavoisier, which means

00:04:25

says the following that if during a

00:04:27

reaction heat is released on the right side

00:04:30

and its numerical value

00:04:32

is available and it is measured and shown, then

00:04:36

accordingly the reverse reaction will

00:04:37

occur with the same numerical

00:04:40

value but the sign of the thermal effect will change to the

00:04:43

opposite one, so these

00:04:46

minus 572 kilojoules is also a thermal

00:04:50

effect but this chemical reaction, if the

00:04:54

reactions are reversible, then the

00:04:56

corresponding thermal effects in

00:04:58

numerical value will be absolutely the

00:05:00

same but with different signs, what is the

00:05:04

significance of

00:05:05

measuring such reactions, the heat

00:05:08

released by the absorbed by the absorbed

00:05:11

plays a very important role because it is

00:05:12

with the help of such reactions that we

00:05:15

cook food, let’s say on fire

00:05:17

for This means they must be

00:05:19

isothermal reactions, or for example,

00:05:21

we use heat to cook food

00:05:23

because cooking

00:05:26

is an endothermic process,

00:05:29

so we expend energy. In addition,

00:05:32

the question arises, you probably have a question:

00:05:35

how does one measure the amount of

00:05:37

heat released or absorbed heat?

00:05:40

This is done with a special device

00:05:42

called a calorimeter. With

00:05:44

this device you can measure both

00:05:47

the heat of a given chemical reaction and

00:05:50

some possibly several

00:05:52

interactions, so a

00:05:54

special technical

00:05:56

tool is used for this, but already in high school we

00:05:59

will learn to calculate such a

00:06:02

thermal effect using a law that

00:06:05

allows us to do this, this is Hess’s law, but the

00:06:08

importance of

00:06:09

knowledge about reactions whether they are exo or

00:06:12

endothermic in chemistry plays a very

00:06:14

important role because with the help of

00:06:16

exothermic reactions the heat from which

00:06:19

they release is carried out, respectively,

00:06:21

endothermic reactions must be taken into account by

00:06:24

technologists or, for example,

00:06:27

developers of new

00:06:29

engines in which they calculate

00:06:31

whether, for example, there is enough heat from the burned

00:06:34

fuel in order for a car

00:06:36

to move at one speed or another,

00:06:38

therefore the importance of the

00:06:40

idea of these reactions is

00:06:43

very important in chemistry and it works in

00:06:46

other sections of other subjects of other

00:06:50

sciences, this is very important, and in the next

00:06:53

lesson we will learn to work with

00:06:55

such thermo chemical equations and

00:06:57

we’ll be able to calculate the heats of

00:07:00

release or absorption in reactions, please don’t

00:07:03

miss our next lesson,

00:07:06

but that’s all for today, goodbye

00:07:07

guys

00:07:12

[music]

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