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ржд
подстанция
энергетика
110кв
электромонтер
электроподстанция
поезда
тп
электричество
железная дорога
эксплуатации электроустановок
методы контроля качества электромонтажных работ
наладка и эксплуатация
реконструкция трансформаторной подстанции
ржд тв
тяговая подстанция
рждтв
технология
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  • ruRussian
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00:00:00
[music]
00:00:07
traction substation is the main driving force
00:00:10
on the railway,
00:00:11
it is from here that the main source of energy comes on the track,
00:00:15
electric current, the task of each
00:00:18
substation is to provide the contact network with
00:00:20
voltage in any emergency
00:00:23
situation, each substation is
00:00:26
individual, not individual
00:00:28
number of consumers, the main
00:00:30
purpose is traction for the movement of
00:00:32
trains, that is power supply of the
00:00:33
contact network and plus the main thing, again
00:00:37
equated to the power supply of the
00:00:39
contact network and the tariff for supplying
00:00:41
the signaling device, this is what
00:00:42
the main work of
00:00:44
such a substation is aimed at so that without
00:00:47
interruptions the railways need
00:00:50
electric current in huge quantities, a
00:00:52
10-car train needs 4 thousand
00:00:56
kilowatts per hour
00:00:57
this energy would be enough to illuminate 20
00:01:00
high-rise buildings; traction substations are responsible for the timely supply of
00:01:02
electricity to the railway
00:01:04
contact network,
00:01:05
and the more
00:01:08
intense the traffic on the site, the
00:01:10
more energy sources are required; the
00:01:12
distance between neighboring traction
00:01:15
substations is generally up
00:01:17
to 20 kilometers on direct current,
00:01:20
since we are in the center In Moscow, the
00:01:22
intensity of train traffic here is
00:01:24
very high and the distance between
00:01:26
traction substations in ours is
00:01:28
up to about eight kilometers, just
00:01:31
a few years ago this traction
00:01:33
substation occupied a large building,
00:01:35
its premises housed huge
00:01:38
cabinets with complex equipment that
00:01:40
required constant monitoring by the staff on duty,
00:01:43
today such substations
00:01:46
are being replaced by new ones module
00:01:48
and in a modular design means that
00:01:51
the equipment was manufactured at the factory,
00:01:54
equipped in a module, configured
00:01:56
here, simply transported,
00:01:58
put in place, carried out commissioning
00:02:01
and you can practically turn on the work; if
00:02:03
compared with the old ones, the
00:02:05
new equipment is almost twice as compact as
00:02:09
all distribution buses and models
00:02:12
is already in a closed design, which
00:02:14
eliminates the possibility of a person getting
00:02:16
under voltage due to erroneous actions and
00:02:18
work; a modern traction substation
00:02:21
resembles a mini-factory; it produces
00:02:24
unique products; high-quality
00:02:26
electric current for locomotives; and like
00:02:29
any plant, its raw materials are supplied here;
00:02:32
they are served by electrical energy from a
00:02:35
city source; the
00:02:36
traction substation has two inputs at once,
00:02:40
if one fails, it will immediately
00:02:42
switch to the second backup; everything is
00:02:45
arranged so that there should be an
00:02:49
uninterrupted power supply
00:02:51
to the railway device, and in the event of a
00:02:54
disruption in the normal operation of
00:02:57
power supply devices at the substation, that is, the
00:03:00
so-called alternative emergency
00:03:03
power supply circuits for the same devices
00:03:06
received from the city
00:03:08
electrical substation current cannot be immediately supplied
00:03:11
to the track; it is not suitable for locomotives;
00:03:13
before it gets to the contact network,
00:03:15
it has to go through several operations; the
00:03:18
first of them is reducing the voltage; for
00:03:22
this, there are powerful transformers at the substation;
00:03:25
they reduce the voltage from 20 to the required
00:03:29
3 kilovolts; the transformer converts
00:03:33
class 1 voltage to another voltage class
00:03:35
the transformer consists of a
00:03:38
high voltage winding on that side and a
00:03:40
low voltage winding on this
00:03:42
side by selecting the number of turns and the
00:03:45
distance between them we can create
00:03:47
any voltage class that we can
00:03:49
lower the voltage only half the battle
00:03:52
at the Moscow node the contact network
00:03:54
runs on direct current
00:03:56
outflow from an external source of a variable,
00:03:59
so it is sent to the rectifier, the
00:04:02
alternating current is drawn as a sinusoid from 0,
00:04:06
it goes to the maximum and then passes
00:04:08
through 0, it goes to the minimum and again comes out
00:04:10
through the night, we get a sinusoid like
00:04:12
this, a line of such lines
00:04:15
passes 50 times in one second, that is, 50 Hertz,
00:04:17
but the direct current goes in a straight line
00:04:22
if it is displayed on a graph,
00:04:24
well, if we compare the example to make it
00:04:27
more clear, let’s say the battery in
00:04:30
the phone is constant, then read
00:04:32
in it, you charge it from a 220 volt AC outlet, the
00:04:36
unit that charges your phone
00:04:38
is some kind of degree of rectification,
00:04:40
the reduced and rectified current is supplied
00:04:43
to the feeder and this is the name of the devices
00:04:46
that power the contact network;
00:04:48
their operation is monitored around the clock by
00:04:50
energy dispatchers; they
00:04:53
control the operation of all traction
00:04:55
substations in their circle and, if
00:04:58
necessary, can turn off the power to
00:05:00
any section of the contact network; we have
00:05:03
almost all substations have
00:05:07
telecontrols and tele-alarms,
00:05:09
the energy dispatcher sees how
00:05:12
the equipment at the substation works, for
00:05:14
this he has signals for the on and
00:05:16
off position of the equipment and
00:05:18
signals for the activation of protection at the substation,
00:05:21
that is, if the equipment is turned on, everything
00:05:24
is turned off, everything is fine, he sees the sides of
00:05:26
the substation, everything in general is smooth
00:05:29
except for the contact network and the traction
00:05:31
substation has an even more important
00:05:33
consumer of signaling traffic
00:05:35
lights, turnouts and
00:05:37
automatic locking mechanisms are responsible for
00:05:40
safety on the road and belong to the
00:05:42
first category of power supply
00:05:45
as well as hospitals, so turning them off is
00:05:48
unacceptable even for a few minutes if
00:05:51
we turn off the hospital, such
00:05:53
or very important devices will turn off, which can
00:05:55
lead to death of people and huge
00:05:57
casualties, just like the railway
00:06:01
is a consumer of the first category,
00:06:03
if disconnected, it can cause
00:06:04
disasters, it is possible that traffic
00:06:07
lights will be switched off,
00:06:09
skoda trains will collide, and so on and so forth,
00:06:10
for the uninterrupted operation of the signaling system,
00:06:13
two power supply lines run along the tracks,
00:06:15
if the
00:06:18
main one fails, all traffic lights and
00:06:20
Auto-blocking devices instantly switch
00:06:23
to backup
00:06:24
when difficult
00:06:26
weather conditions begin,
00:06:28
as a rule, the lines that are
00:06:31
involved in the power supply of
00:06:33
auto-blocking signals, power supply of posts c,
00:06:35
and then, in general, you have to
00:06:38
resort to such measures, that is, you
00:06:41
should probably leave an equal sign for
00:06:44
damage to weather conditions of the signaling system,
00:06:47
there is also a third power source
00:06:50
diesel generator if suddenly the traction
00:06:53
substations stop receiving only from the
00:06:55
city source,
00:06:56
its power is enough for all
00:06:59
the signaling devices to continue to work, but the
00:07:02
generator may also fail
00:07:04
if the fuel runs out or due to a
00:07:07
breakdown, in this case
00:07:11
another source of energy is activated - batteries
00:07:13
batteries at each substation are stored
00:07:16
several dozen always charged
00:07:18
batteries; their power is enough for the
00:07:21
most important systems
00:07:23
to function for two
00:07:25
days; in this battery,
00:07:27
emergency lighting of the traction
00:07:31
substation is connected, as well as power supply for all protections in order
00:07:34
to protect equipment from
00:07:36
short circuits,
00:07:38
also using electrical energy
00:07:42
from the battery we can
00:07:44
control all sleepy devices of the
00:07:45
traction substation
00:07:47
only on the Moscow railway
00:07:49
165 traction substations operate simultaneously
00:07:52
every day they provide
00:07:55
electricity to
00:07:56
several thousand trains
00:08:00
[music]

Description:

Тяговая подстанция – главная движущая сила железных дорог. Она перерабатывает электрическую энергию и передаёт её через контактную сеть на локомотивы. Прямой эфир РЖД ТВ http://www.rzdtv.ru/onair/ Сайт телеканала http://www.rzdtv.ru/ Больше новостей на РЖД ТВ http://www.rzdtv.ru/category/hnovosti/ Подпишись на канал РЖД ТВ на YouTube https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGL_BY5L8og1qLbdQTVPbrg Группа в VK https://vk.com/rzdtv Канал в Telegram t.me/rzdtvru

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