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Russian
00:00:00
[Music]00:00:01
on this difficult subject that I am going to00:00:04
drag in front of you and it is very00:00:05
difficult for the French that I am to00:00:08
remain I do not say objective but00:00:10
impassive in a story as00:00:12
awful as the one that I am going to present to you I00:00:15
would call it if you would like a00:00:16
working hypothesis I believe that00:00:18
official history in a few00:00:20
years will gratify my working hypothesis00:00:23
could start from April 17, 1934 and a00:00:28
date that you do not know is00:00:29
generally ignored and which nevertheless in00:00:31
French foreign policy has very00:00:33
great importance what00:00:34
happened this April 17 30 case of louise00:00:37
foreign affairs was louis00:00:38
barthou whom I knew you know00:00:40
he is a collector I was00:00:42
worked with him for papers on00:00:43
the part he was but he had a00:00:46
time manage in this note that he sends00:00:48
all the chancelleries that is to say to00:00:49
all the French diplomatic posts00:00:50
this April 17, 3400:00:52
he indicates in the more covered terms00:00:54
that what I am going to tell you my00:00:55
affairs has clearly been this since00:00:57
wilson has been hungry for two hundred years nineteen00:00:59
we had tried or pretended00:01:01
to try to establish a new00:01:03
policy in00:01:04
international relations to know that you want to00:01:07
talk about collective security00:01:08
of arbitration is obligatory finally the00:01:09
famous jdd of the whiston plan which00:01:12
practically had hardly had a00:01:13
reality even the society nations00:01:16
had covered themselves with shame in 113100:01:18
because there was an aggression between00:01:20
two members Japan which threw itself00:01:22
against China is the associated nations and00:01:24
remained perfectly still then00:01:26
gentleman everywhere took text to00:01:28
say well it's over what we ca00:01:29
n't continue to try or00:01:31
pretend to try to remake a00:01:32
new international policy based00:01:34
on the principles we must return to00:01:37
the old international policy00:01:39
that of before 1914 that is to say the00:01:40
policy of bilateral pacts which00:01:42
everyone will manage as best they can00:01:44
you undoubtedly know that since00:01:45
September 3300:01:46
Hitler had withdrawn he was recalled to00:01:49
power in January 33 70 33 Hitler00:01:51
had withdrawn finally had withdrawn00:01:53
Germany has 6 nations it was00:01:55
obvious that they had a big00:01:56
armament effort we did not have00:01:58
endless allies the former allies did00:01:59
not seem to have the means to prevent Hitler00:02:01
from rearming their barton drew the00:02:03
conclusion that here is good since we00:02:05
cannot prevent the armed hand that00:02:07
each of00:02:08
these business shots as they can00:02:09
each will ensure their national defense00:02:12
as they see fit it is therefore a great00:02:14
turning point in French policy00:02:15
it was recognition that a00:02:17
certain attempt was failed and that we00:02:19
had to return to the00:02:20
pre-war policy, what was this00:02:23
pre-war policy, but as you00:02:24
know well,00:02:25
we tried to dissuade it, it's a00:02:27
word that was not yet the hand of00:02:29
dissuading Germany from William II00:02:30
from being attacked by taking it in a shade00:02:32
there was on one side since 1903 koala00:02:35
the Franco Entente so when times00:02:37
cordial what the Franco-English bloc that00:02:40
was the German threat of side of00:02:43
the west and then in Vail Russian Empire the other side00:02:45
then with the Arquois the alliance which00:02:48
had been made completely 1907 when00:02:50
207 that's it when must recipe00:02:52
went to see the djia we therefore in00:02:55
principle had a powerful block needed two00:02:58
pincers of the thonaille the western pincer at00:03:00
the paces which was to keep in respect00:03:02
the germany of yules I do not have the00:03:04
time it is not my subject to indicate00:03:06
how the war of 1914 took place00:03:07
where we can say that this pincer00:03:11
was not limited to being defensive but00:03:14
that the Russian side in particular had00:03:15
been offensive, was it always00:03:17
the way that we considered it necessary to00:03:19
keep Germany in check, so00:03:22
now with a dangerous germany00:03:24
with hitler but everywhere conclude00:03:26
but we must return this policy and00:03:28
that is why louis barthou goes himself no matter00:03:29
how little communist he was he was00:03:32
passionately conservative00:03:34
brings the ussr into the stylization which00:03:36
displeases a a certain number of00:03:37
French but in order to rely on the USSR00:03:39
since we must return to the00:03:41
political life of a Franco-English blog on one00:03:43
side of Russia on the other00:03:44
I know well that this Russia is its00:03:45
playmate no the more the Russia of the Tsars00:03:47
mixes stories from the Soviets and as you00:03:48
will see many people in France did00:03:50
not want to admit that we could00:03:52
shake hands with the Russians even00:03:53
militarily so we will see00:03:56
how the French nationalists00:03:58
responsible for French foreign policy00:04:00
we behave in00:04:02
the application of this policy which00:04:03
was recommended by the bar tout and which00:04:05
indeed seems the only00:04:06
reasonable policy if we wanted to come to this so00:04:09
this is where I must explain to you00:04:12
a little what is happening goes into00:04:13
French domestic politics00:04:14
because I believe that in my very00:04:15
first course in 2d mode I indicated to you00:04:18
how the relationships are very00:04:20
often and 3 while we consider them00:04:22
invisible between the internal politics00:04:24
and the foreign policies of states00:04:27
but s something quite00:04:29
brave had happened in France, that is to say00:04:31
the appearance of anti-parliamentarism,00:04:33
going back far enough to understand what00:04:35
had happened I don't remember telling you00:04:38
the theory that Mr.00:04:39
Thiers had developed in 1871 third party who was a00:04:42
royalist in a room of royalists00:04:44
composed of royal it seemed from00:04:46
February 8 health who had 700 members00:04:48
its 150 members there were six years00:04:50
which was sent list but00:04:51
royalists of various obediences there00:04:53
was a on the side the legitimists who00:04:55
supported the bourbons on our side the00:04:57
Orleanists who wanted the arts00:04:58
some nevertheless cdd royal and yesterday00:05:02
told them yesterday was not so much desire00:05:03
they were no longer risks what to00:05:05
go out said you are all convinced00:05:07
as I was all convinced that the00:05:10
monarchical system is the best for00:05:12
production the protection of what00:05:14
matters to us to say the acquired fortune00:05:16
you are wrong said Mr. Earth00:05:18
I have thought00:05:19
carefully tell yourself that in a monarchy00:05:20
at least in principle it is a alone, at00:05:22
least in principle,00:05:23
it is a single man, the will of a single man,00:05:24
the king who governs with an00:05:26
extremely vulnerable will because the00:05:28
subjects can revolt in the name of00:05:30
freedom and it will be the king's argument00:05:32
otherwise an argument of violence00:05:35
when it while if we have the00:05:37
republic what is the republic00:05:39
the republic is apparently the regime00:05:41
of the national will00:05:42
so it is freedom which governs00:05:44
but practically what is it is00:05:46
that national sovereignty is the00:05:47
majority of universal suffrage,00:05:49
half plus one is enough for00:05:51
it to be called the national will.00:05:52
Still, in a republic00:05:54
power is in principle vulnerable00:05:56
since it is the expression of the00:05:58
national will at will the majority of00:06:00
citizens it is therefore much less vulnerable00:06:02
that it is a monarchical regime and if00:06:04
we arrive said to Mr. Thiers has00:06:05
well directed follow it to come00:06:07
in such a way that they are00:06:08
conservative you see at to what extent00:06:11
power is reinforced in what is00:06:12
essential for us, that is to say the00:06:14
protection of the acquired fortune and yesterday00:06:16
said but look at what happened00:06:17
you have two admirable proofs of the00:06:19
veracity of what I tell you the two00:06:21
times that we have or speeches of the00:06:23
nineteenth century consult universal suffrage April 23, 1000:06:26
148 and February 8 of the financing of the00:06:28
waves both times the00:06:30
universal suffrage well directed by the notables00:06:32
and in a rural France and others because00:06:35
illiterate both times00:06:36
universal suffrage gave us a00:06:38
conservative majority, a remarkable00:06:41
conservative majority which will overthrow00:06:42
Lamartine in a few weeks00:06:44
in 1848 and a magnificent conservative majority meeting00:06:48
which you are00:06:49
observing before your eyes since there00:06:50
are six of us sent to vie for 25000:06:52
republic00:06:53
see then the admirable effectiveness of00:06:55
universal suffrage00:06:56
it worked well as long as00:06:58
universal and docile suffrage but a first time00:07:01
it had been cruelly indocile in May00:07:04
10 214 in melee years 14 for the first00:07:07
time we saw socialist blood 3 at the00:07:09
French chamber which seemed an00:07:10
incredible thing and the socialists and00:07:13
radicals had the majority00:07:14
so it is the first time that it is no00:07:16
longer the old center left created by00:07:18
Monsieur Thiers which was called00:07:19
Republican was above all00:07:21
conservative the first time that this center left00:07:23
that Mr. Poincaré then represented00:07:25
no longer had the majority is the problem00:07:28
that arose at that time was a00:07:29
fiscal problem especially00:07:30
income tax problems no you do00:07:33
not imagine that the terror was00:07:35
spreading among the propertied class,00:07:39
the tax on the avenue had been systematically and skillfully dismissed for00:07:41
ten years champion I still remember the00:07:43
February 20 sung oh I read that in an00:07:45
official newspaper on February 20 health 1100:07:47
France having been condemned as you00:07:49
know to pay a large compensation to00:07:50
Germany 5 billion which was00:07:52
considerable at the time a00:07:54
left-wing deputy had said well to face00:07:56
this debt it is necessary to establish00:07:58
the income tax then sir00:08:00
third head of power had jumped from00:08:02
his bench and had 1000:08:03
never never as long as they were there there00:08:05
will never be taxes on income00:08:07
it is the rape of the secret of the00:08:10
rape of the secrets of the fortunes in 1195 a00:08:13
very conservative bourgeois government00:08:15
of00:08:16
a radical movement but chaired by00:08:18
Mr. Léon Bourgeois who was in00:08:19
fact a bourgeois had announced00:08:21
again an income tax project00:08:24
so this time it was this young00:08:25
deputy who is called Poincaré and that they00:08:28
created a great notoriety00:08:29
which will make it a speech not00:08:31
only one but five00:08:32
torrential speeches when the posture came00:08:34
taking up the formulas of Mr.00:08:36
Thierry by improving Thierry spoke of the00:08:38
rape of fortunes the secret of00:08:40
private fortunes and tell him to an odious00:08:42
inadmissible penetration of the state into00:08:44
private fortunes00:08:45
still it is that in 1914 the00:08:47
very serious problem a room a docile00:08:49
people who are going to vote the00:08:50
income tax it is voted on July 2, 191400:08:53
but between the vote of a law00:08:55
the application of a law events can happen00:08:59
the war will happen months ago and the00:09:01
income tax which was voted on will not be00:09:02
applied in 2014 will not be applied00:09:04
either in 1915 we have all the same gained00:09:06
two years it is because the war will00:09:07
drag on until the 10th only 16 that it00:09:09
will be very very very modestly applied00:09:12
for the first time in this regard I must point00:09:14
out to you a letter one00:09:15
in a very sentence imprudent of a00:09:18
talkative general who was called will interfere with00:09:19
their bio and who on December 13, 1914 from a00:09:23
far-right newspaper called00:09:24
Free Speech will risk the assertion00:09:27
that here which was, I repeat, very00:09:28
imprudent00:09:29
in the spring situation was lost00:09:32
one gives no explanations and00:09:33
everyone was lost because of the00:09:34
socialists luckily he wrote providence00:09:37
the first a spiral finally guillaume of00:09:40
the idea to attack us so well the war00:09:41
had all saved that it was for 191400:09:44
that universal suffrage which00:09:45
had been very nice in 1919 thanks to the00:09:47
national national bloc that indicate that00:09:50
it became true patriot who00:09:51
ruled France unfortunately this suffrage00:09:53
became inappropriate again in 192400:09:56
that in ten years in ncaa for the00:09:57
second phase universal suffrage brings00:09:59
a left-wing majority00:10:00
to the purchase the Bank of France will00:10:03
itself organize an insurrection00:10:04
in care, that is to say we will flee00:10:06
capital and poor Mr. Herriot00:10:07
who, moreover, was a rubber test00:10:11
painted in iron gray you know this state00:10:13
a rock but a rock in plaster so00:10:15
Mr. Herriot will quickly be00:10:17
disembarked and it is for a square of00:10:19
new ones who arrive00:10:20
in power but it was the second time00:10:21
that the public universal suffrage was00:10:24
conducted badly and showed00:10:26
himself he indicates that in 1932 for the00:10:30
third time the following generation00:10:31
still sees a majority of the left00:10:33
then the same people who from00:10:35
seventy-one had said but it was00:10:38
not so much universal suffrage that we00:10:39
gives all power because it is the00:10:41
national will itself which00:10:43
pronounces in our direction, these same people00:10:45
who had extolled the virtues of universal suffrage,00:10:47
these same people who had00:10:48
twice opposed a military putsch in 188900:10:52
with General baker having 299 with00:10:55
the general rejection we had come close to00:10:57
France having come close to a military putsch at00:10:58
that time on February 23, 99 at least00:11:01
a national funeral of course of the00:11:03
president the republic because of the00:11:04
concentration of troops in Paris for00:11:06
a national funeral00:11:07
three generals had said good will march00:11:09
on the elysée they took fear they did00:11:10
not do and the center left the00:11:13
conservative center with waldeck rousseau had00:11:15
organized the republican defense00:11:17
why because she sees00:11:19
servant said they are doing much00:11:21
better a republic which is in you making00:11:23
an oligarchy00:11:24
in the case where the government of00:11:27
money the domination of money and for00:11:28
worship00:11:29
it is much better than a00:11:31
naked regime a dictatorial regime where the00:11:35
domination of money will be00:11:36
obviously visible then we had therefore00:11:38
we had therefore on the side of the center left00:11:40
of the consumers we had therefore preferred00:11:42
the showrunner from 132 it sings00:11:45
because here three times flat three00:11:47
times that the universal suffrage in00:11:48
major veil says gorges00:11:49
then we see developing in my00:11:51
country a very vigorous00:11:53
anti-parliamentarism we see the leagues00:11:55
which this decree in the past but which is00:11:58
with laly of French actions 908 but00:12:00
which had very little effectiveness in the00:12:02
crowd here is the life of French action which00:12:03
becomes considerable here are the patriotic youths00:12:05
created in 1924 which bite on00:12:08
intellectual youth00:12:09
here is the French solidarity of00:12:11
Monsieur Coty who was the perfumer who00:12:14
owned the Figaro here is the00:12:15
French recovery of the electrician00:12:17
finally I mean of the CEO of the industry00:12:19
who was called mercier here are the00:12:21
fiery crosses of Morocco in order to help leaders00:12:24
organize themselves against the00:12:26
republican system supported by three00:12:28
weeklies whose circulation was00:12:29
considered00:12:30
the ecc had had at least two million00:12:32
readers per week00:12:33
these three weeklies calling themselves00:12:35
candid gringoire I am everywhere and00:12:38
all three anti-parliamentary we00:12:40
even arrive or to the point that on February 6,00:12:43
1934 we bring our date closer00:12:46
since I left from April 1700:12:47
on February 6, 924 a huge riot00:12:51
the first big riot distinguish a00:12:53
riot of good company which occurs00:12:55
in Paris we had already seen00:12:57
worker riots but never saw00:12:58
honest people who defined themselves00:13:01
like that is not we are00:13:02
years jean monsieur henry bordeaux00:13:03
talking about the revolution years of00:13:05
people in the echo of paris00:13:06
we are people equal00:13:07
good people and I in Lyon who must have done well00:13:09
honest people equal propertied people and well00:13:11
it was the revolution of the zones and00:13:12
people of February 6, 1934 who00:13:14
almost overthrew the republic during00:13:16
the whole month of January 3400:13:18
French actions announced day by day00:13:19
at the bottom of the republic before the00:13:22
pascal republic thieves and complications00:13:24
with stavisky that this opinion which had in00:13:26
fact four radical accomplices00:13:28
while in my strict redhead daughter00:13:29
established 231 many more00:13:30
parliamentarians vti compromised but it00:13:32
is right-wing parliamentarians to remove it00:13:34
nothing said then on February 6, 934 riots00:13:37
approximately forty thousand men on the00:13:39
Place de la Concorde and at 6:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m.00:13:42
if the fire crosses which arrived from00:13:44
behind that is to say by the Place de00:13:46
Bourgogne had continued to advance the00:13:48
room was invaded and the republic00:13:49
was on the ground level with 135 laroque00:13:53
gave the order to these quads fire of euros00:13:55
beauce-etchemin not to enter the00:13:56
field why because mister00:13:58
laroque did not want to work for00:13:59
profit of Monsieur Morale because00:14:00
Monsieur Mouras did not want to00:14:01
work for the benefit of Monsieur Laroque00:14:02
because there had been a lack00:14:04
of understanding between the conspirators00:14:07
Maurice Pujo who was the right arm of00:14:10
Maurras's action wrote in the00:14:13
street universal review in 1938 the truth00:14:16
mechri said even if we had triumphed00:14:18
even it comes to occupy the room00:14:19
reverse the republic00:14:20
the ten training sessions between us00:14:22
would not have taken long to appear because we were00:14:24
not all of the same opinion and00:14:26
above all do not 'we had no man, no one was00:14:28
there at the head who would create00:14:30
unanimity around finally the unity of the00:14:32
right around him there was indeed on00:14:34
February 7 in the morning the old lyautey who00:14:37
had offered but the others live to00:14:40
die this year 1934 he was00:14:41
shaky and we thought that it was not if00:14:43
I had floods and that it was not00:14:45
satisfactory to make the man00:14:48
loose ballom finally the man who would overthrow the00:14:49
republic and around whom we could00:14:51
this group is still is it that you00:14:53
see the state of mind of a part of00:14:55
France in 1934 this violent fire00:14:57
parliamentarism something else but which00:15:00
will be picketing directly to what I00:15:01
am going to tell you when I was 20 years old in00:15:04
192300:15:05
I I believed with great naivety00:15:08
that a French conservative was00:15:10
fundamentally a00:15:13
nationalist, a chauvinist, a super Patrick.00:15:15
I saw that because what I saw00:15:17
around me and I knew that for00:15:20
years it had been like that and00:15:21
French consumers passed for00:15:22
true patriots while the00:15:24
left were people who were not00:15:25
sufficiently patriotic example Jaurès and00:15:28
well it was my studies on 1870 which00:15:31
showed me that I was the victim of an00:15:32
illusion like many of my00:15:34
port friends because if the nationalists if the00:15:37
French conservatives if the00:15:38
French right was in fact super tricolor00:15:41
around the years cheek speaks 1923 it was00:15:43
only an avatar among the00:15:46
French conservatives an avatar I00:15:48
mean it was a costume it's an00:15:50
cross-dressing00:15:51
he had adopted for a certain number00:15:53
of years I tell you when but which00:15:55
absolutely did not correspond to what they00:15:56
had been originally that is to say at the00:15:58
beginning of the republic I wanted to say the00:16:00
last time to about the commune00:16:01
when the republic reappears for the00:16:04
first time finally there it was the00:16:05
third time I mean with00:16:07
September 4, 1870 and that the empire replaced00:16:10
by the republic all the notables00:16:12
putting at 99% all the French notables00:16:15
who until 'then had supported the idea of00:16:17
war turn away from seducing00:16:19
since it is no longer empire which brings it00:16:20
it will be the republic00:16:21
we know very well what the wishes00:16:24
of the Germans are I remind you the00:16:25
halls told me we want two00:16:27
French provinces the room honored00:16:28
the French conservatives00:16:30
had said openly and yesterday said it00:16:32
clearly obviously it is very sad to lose00:16:34
two provinces but it would be infinitely00:16:36
more dangerous to have a republic00:16:38
which would be a victorious response in00:16:40
republic fashion leaflet we find the00:16:41
socialist and it is the acquired fortune00:16:43
which will find itself threatened00:16:45
so let us capitulate you must know00:16:47
that the French right is the word00:16:49
used bismarck was a capitulator from00:16:52
187000:16:53
ten years peace peace all of after00:16:54
the Germans take what they00:16:55
want to take from us but above all not the00:16:57
republic it will last much00:16:59
longer than I thought there was00:17:00
a traditional word it is the extreme00:17:02
right which was the republic it is the00:17:03
war in 1885 again Cassagnac who00:17:08
was the Bonapartist leader of00:17:10
the extreme right is at that time00:17:11
extranet and above all Bonapartist more00:17:12
than royalists Cassignac in July00:17:15
188500:17:16
while Jules Ferry is on the platform00:17:18
and speaks of the military conquests that00:17:20
France must make at the risk of being00:17:22
baptized with China in the north of00:17:24
Tonkin Cassagnac utters the usual cry00:17:26
the republic is war it is00:17:29
precisely a turning point now we00:17:30
are 86-87 its sum there that the right00:17:33
will discover the virtue of chauvinism00:17:34
that they had until then ignored the00:17:36
people leaving the monopoly to the betis glove00:17:38
finally to the people who represented the00:17:39
republican resistance of 70 why00:17:41
it is the sphere of baker or I think I00:17:44
spoke to you general baker which00:17:46
is issued the war in 86 who at the beginning00:17:48
had become the extreme00:17:50
left republican who had a slogan that pleased00:17:51
the crowd, the backpack priests what did that00:17:53
mean until then the normaliens and00:17:56
the seminarians did not do00:17:57
military service which was unfair00:17:59
then boulanger had said00:18:00
everyone must do that of the land00:18:01
the priests like the others it liked00:18:03
this slogan of the priests backpack00:18:05
on the other hand he was very familiar with00:18:07
the troop did he agree to go00:18:08
eat soup sometimes in the00:18:10
barracks at make a big reputation00:18:11
for giving as what only had00:18:14
realized quite quickly that he had links00:18:16
with the 16 a nothing who were preparing to00:18:18
overthrow the republic then the Caesars00:18:20
have straight legs the people of an00:18:21
authoritarian republic or even of no00:18:23
republic at all said the00:18:25
enormous popularity of baker proves00:18:28
that there is something to do with00:18:29
the masses with the populo as they00:18:31
say to email on the side of00:18:33
saran nationalism chauvinism we see your00:18:35
go for it bite00:18:36
we have been we on the right the famous00:18:38
defenders of the religion of the defenders00:18:40
they did not believe themselves besides my daughter00:18:41
zelda famous clericalism a believer who00:18:43
had so much success with Mr. as a00:18:45
race for example and well at that time00:18:47
the defense of religion you know that00:18:48
makes it less so that there is already a00:18:49
serious dechristianization in France00:18:51
their defense of religion is not00:18:52
very profitable while defending00:18:54
both religion and the homeland is serious00:18:56
then from 1988 8900:18:59
the French conservatives become00:19:01
the analyst says he was not at all00:19:03
previously and it will last 50 years and00:19:06
now we are in 1934 35 at the00:19:08
time when new nationalists00:19:10
will change their skin is they who were00:19:12
so bellicose and who had00:19:15
trampled and Weimar Germany he00:19:17
had spat in the face saying that00:19:18
it is to help abominable people was00:19:19
vengeful00:19:20
at that time we national this00:19:22
French will be the most conciliatory00:19:24
that they are the most00:19:26
declared enemies of any war because a00:19:28
war they would fight who tells us00:19:29
who does not intend to lead France to00:19:31
fight against fascism in Italy00:19:33
since 10 222 or against Hitlerism in00:19:36
Germany since 133 would be a00:19:38
suicidal war for the good cause00:19:39
he looked at the French nationalists00:19:42
the French conservatives who00:19:43
was entitled the same had to remain national00:19:45
now as if everything that was00:19:47
not I was not national00:19:48
these French conservatives did not want00:19:50
any price that France was engaged in00:19:52
a military affair against Italy and00:19:54
against Germany00:19:55
since 'they Italy and Germany00:19:56
represented serious regimes full00:19:59
of hope end giving great hope to the00:20:01
French conservatives who hoped to00:20:02
establish a regime roughly similar00:20:03
if not Salazar nothing perhaps in France00:20:06
so we will look together at00:20:08
how the French right for the00:20:11
French conservatives who imagined themselves00:20:13
to be called nationals, I have just00:20:14
told you, you behave in front of the00:20:16
program that a00:20:17
better conservative, loyal00:20:20
to the patriots, who is called Monsieur00:20:21
Louis Barthou and who tells them if you00:20:23
want to protect France when the00:20:24
threat of Hitler's ility we need a00:20:27
powerful and well-closed, very00:20:28
solid junction between France and England00:20:30
and we must, whatever the00:20:32
Russian regime, get the Russians to00:20:34
join us to fight against00:20:36
Hitler, it must be easy Mr. Louis00:20:38
Barthou because the Russians read mein kampf00:20:40
Stalin look at it closely and he saw00:20:42
that mein kampf first announced00:20:43
concrete criteria of force by all00:20:46
means but reconquer is Alsace00:20:47
Lorraine00:20:48
because France is our mortal enemy00:20:50
wrote hitler in 1924 and as for to Russia00:20:53
he clearly announced in this same00:20:55
cable lebensraum she lied the00:20:57
living space Germany and on the side of00:20:58
Russia so we were lucky to have a00:21:01
gentleman who in Germany had announced00:21:02
the color with whom I would throw myself on00:21:04
the French I will kill myself on the Russians00:21:06
it therefore seemed indicated that the French00:21:08
English on the one hand and the Russians on the other00:21:09
hand this test listens to try to00:21:12
hitler records of attack so what are00:21:14
we going to see at the lake in 193500:21:17
untouchable Italy what the fascists00:21:19
Italy threw itself on Ethiopia it was00:21:22
two members of the association who were00:21:24
fighting I honestly reminded you00:21:25
earlier that the association had00:21:27
shown itself to be worthless in 1931 in00:21:30
the aggression at the time of the aggression of00:21:32
Japan including China00:21:33
this is not a reason because we00:21:34
made a mistake once and we failed00:21:36
once in our duty to start again00:21:38
the trick of nations to the intention this00:21:40
time to move and apply the pact00:21:42
this pact includes00:21:44
economic sanctions against all the members of00:21:46
the Canadian association and in actions has00:21:48
created another to fight because it must be00:21:51
said everything I challenge you England according to the00:21:53
is extremely late so for the00:21:54
defense of steel denunciation it is because00:21:56
the sources of the Nile are threatened as long as00:21:58
the swimming pool was there between the tubes which00:21:59
was in the hands of an unimportant treble00:22:01
it is not serious but it it is00:22:03
a European nation Italy which00:22:05
takes care of occupying the foot pipes00:22:07
therefore the sources of the Nile this00:22:09
time it was not going so the English00:22:10
brought a great passion to defend00:22:12
the ideas the stylization he said it was necessary to00:22:14
apply sanctions to italy00:22:17
france splits itself in two if the left says00:22:19
yes we must apply sanctions to00:22:20
italy the adroit say no no question00:22:21
will not touch mr mussolini and we00:22:24
will see at that moment a manifesto00:22:25
is called demo is intellectuals00:22:27
manifested such and such for the defense00:22:29
of the West00:22:30
you find in this manifesto 10 or 1500:22:32
reminds me more of an academician you00:22:36
see Henri Bourdon of course you00:22:37
have Abel Bonnard you see young00:22:39
writers who were called pulling wet00:22:40
the x called brasillach you even see00:22:42
a philosopher who has just died00:22:44
a fortnight ago and who is called00:22:45
gabriel marcel to everything that mattered00:22:47
in conservative French intelligence00:22:49
the crises are manifesting and what is he00:22:51
he manifests says he plans00:22:53
sanctions returning from Italy is an00:22:54
abomination while it is the00:22:56
very work of civilization that00:22:58
Mr. Mussolini with mustard gas is00:23:00
carrying out in Ethiopia that they00:23:02
were not even confused with superior and00:23:05
inferior races than what00:23:06
these negroes of Ethiopia are while00:23:08
Mr. Mussolini represents the hope00:23:10
of humanity that is what it said so at no00:23:13
cost do not apply sanctions said00:23:15
design who governed that moment00:23:18
France from the foreign policy point of view00:23:19
it is a named Laval and Laval00:23:22
has promised stagnation that it00:23:24
would apply sanctions but it00:23:25
obtains from the assault of nations that the00:23:27
main sanctions and you will understand00:23:30
again seen today at what point it00:23:31
was main that is to say the00:23:32
oil embargo would not apply to00:23:34
Italy if it had been decided that they00:23:36
had a general00:23:38
oil embargo Italy could no longer continue00:23:40
at the dock and well it's Laval which will obtain00:23:41
at least no embargo on Petra but it00:23:44
will do much better quietly and without00:23:46
warning the English that they will of00:23:47
course very quickly00:23:48
Laval will put its own on the00:23:50
French railway of djibouti in addis00:23:53
ababa where services of italy00:23:55
consequently almost00:23:56
military collaboration of france to the aggression of00:23:59
italy against the tubes england00:24:01
is furious she is even more when00:24:03
she reads the famous article00:24:04
repercussions you even tell yourself in00:24:06
having heard about in ribeiro in00:24:07
gringoire should we reduce england00:24:10
into slavery00:24:11
this is therefore the result of the first00:24:13
foreign policy that our00:24:15
conservatives made which was to00:24:16
confuse us with the omelette alongside00:24:19
russia ms tuque and russia at the00:24:21
beginning this is done everywhere it had been00:24:23
very poorly accepted in the conservative party00:24:25
Laval had succeeded everywhere under00:24:27
conditions that I will tell you if I00:24:29
think about it later in the last00:24:30
part of my presentation then Laval so as00:24:33
not to demonstrate too much clearly his00:24:35
disapproval completely football are00:24:37
that politics everywhere will00:24:39
nevertheless go to Moscow00:24:41
he will sign a mutual assistance pact00:24:43
between France and00:24:45
solid regime howls well awaited on the right00:24:48
but Laval say his friends do00:24:50
n't worry it's a matter of00:24:51
private politics in fact he is mayor00:24:53
of Aubervilliers over there or Verviers it is00:24:55
the red suburb of Paris Laval was00:24:57
once an extreme left socialist00:24:59
to the point that during the 1915 war he00:25:01
was there kinta know in your country and00:25:04
which native where he had met the00:25:05
German socialists knew is00:25:06
considered a betrayal end that a00:25:08
French socialist is in the middle of war00:25:10
shaking hands with the socialists in 191900:25:13
he was still presented as an00:25:14
extreme left candidate he retained00:25:16
aubervilliers a kind of tints00:25:19
again finally a smell of women left00:25:21
on his clothes00:25:22
so he proved to his voters00:25:24
of Aubervilliers see me I am not afraid00:25:25
of going to shake Stalin's hand and00:25:27
electorally it is studied for him but00:25:30
barely the treaty and he signs and it is necessary00:25:32
have it ratified00:25:33
we know today that Laval, returning00:25:35
from Moscow, will give the00:25:37
necessary envelopes to the docile press at the00:25:40
Ministry of the Interior so that a00:25:41
press campaign takes place in the00:25:43
conservative French press against00:25:45
the ratification of the pact with Moscow00:25:47
because the argument is very alone00:25:49
we do not approach these people there is a need for00:25:51
a sanitary cordon to touch Stalin's hand00:25:54
even for reasons of00:25:55
foreign policy it is all the same00:25:57
the contagion which will come to France00:25:59
jamet of liaison between the00:26:01
French politics and Soviet politics00:26:03
these gratifications Laval manages00:26:06
not to obtain it he will have to be00:26:08
overthrown so that at the beginning of 1936 he is00:26:11
overthrown in January in the government his00:26:13
wheel face against all the00:26:16
French nationalists against the three that of00:26:17
Madeira of which I am speaking to you against00:26:18
the French action that we all the00:26:20
right-wing press this ratification still needs that the00:26:23
ratification be followed by00:26:25
military agreement between the00:26:27
Franco-English majors Russian staff00:26:28
is this what the stomach as for00:26:31
Germany it is very interesting what is00:26:33
happening a moment ago I00:26:35
told you that at the time when Germany was00:26:37
that of Weimar that it was exhausted00:26:39
that it is English the chickens boy00:26:41
I have to the revenge we nationalists00:26:43
had been odious the germany of weimar00:26:46
your covered with crash00:26:47
at jacques bainville of the00:26:50
french action had written a book called00:26:51
history of two peoples where he explained00:26:53
to the french public that germany is00:26:55
not only dangerous when she and00:26:56
militaristic when she is represented00:26:58
by an emperor but that every German woman00:27:01
every German child and are00:27:04
born enemies of France and therefore that00:27:06
extermination is necessary cannot do00:27:08
better another gentleman French actions00:27:09
had him said millet had written that the00:27:12
sections of the snake snaked through00:27:14
Germany there were more sections but the00:27:16
trans ans are as dangerous as the00:27:17
snake finally a policy of contempt and00:27:20
permanent insult towards00:27:22
Germany and when briand for reasons for the00:27:24
rest especially banking had a threshold and00:27:26
an agreement with stressman or stressman00:27:28
and brilliant thinking of a species00:27:30
two dresses of bankers it is all the00:27:31
same better than a torn Europe we00:27:33
had seen the whole right throwing itself against00:27:35
Locarno saying brilliant gentleman00:27:37
betrayed French interests,00:27:38
but now that Germany has00:27:41
become very dangerous with Hitler,00:27:42
we know what he wants, this same right,00:27:45
formerly chauvinistic, prostrates itself judging00:27:48
by the wreath, multiplies the smiles, the00:27:51
attentions towards Hitler00:27:52
a proof the first proof here it is00:27:54
in 33 einstein runs away from dalmat because he00:27:56
is jew part of the00:27:58
french left proposes to offer einstein a00:28:01
position at the college of france uprising00:28:03
of all the right-wing press saying00:28:05
if you accept einstein in college of00:28:06
France it is a provocation to approve00:28:08
a provocation that you make with00:28:10
regard to the keys when on March 7, 193500:28:13
in defiance of his word Hitler re-00:28:15
militarized the Rhineland parentheses you00:28:18
perhaps remember that Germany had00:28:20
solemnly promised in Locarno00:28:22
which permanently demilitarized00:28:23
the Rhineland so no00:28:26
German troops on this00:28:27
Vosges bank hitler also said I want to00:28:32
remit the ban on my country because00:28:34
I asked the French to achieve00:28:36
equality it is to say of this retreat is00:28:37
also back and their troop of 5000:28:39
kilometers inside France if00:28:41
the French demilitarized a 50 km zone00:28:43
we will not come back as the00:28:46
French naturally did not want00:28:47
to move hitler 10 matches he of storm00:28:49
defend my country I am obliged to00:28:50
postpone realized what could we do00:28:52
I believe that we could not I do00:28:54
not believe that France had at that00:28:55
time the means to force it to00:28:57
retreat00:28:58
it could very easily have00:28:59
sent a division to push back its00:29:01
battalions but we also knew that00:29:03
if we had sent troops to the00:29:05
Rhineland it was a huge asset that00:29:07
we were giving German nationalism00:29:08
that's not what interests me what00:29:10
interests me is the behavior of the00:29:11
right00:29:12
aided firstly on March 15, 1936, that is00:29:17
to say a few days after being00:29:18
militarized as some spoke00:29:20
in France of a policy of violence with00:29:23
regard to the land and constraints00:29:24
among Maurras had been created in00:29:26
the French action an article thus00:29:27
shares of Jewish crusade because fighting00:29:30
with Germany ptt fighting for the benefit00:29:32
of the Jews but it is nothing or almost00:29:33
I will tell you now00:29:35
is immediately formed in Paris in00:29:37
March 1936 a vigilance committee00:29:40
of young French people who can be mobilized you00:29:43
repeat Selmouni curious00:29:46
vigilance committee of young French people who00:29:47
can be mobilized any young France00:29:49
who takes responsibility 3 300:29:52
gentlemen named Jean Maxence who00:29:53
today publishes another witness00:29:55
forget that they are called Tir Wet00:29:56
and the third is called Dartier de00:29:58
pellepoix who will be commissioner for00:29:59
Jewish affairs under vichy00:30:00
these three gentlemen organize a meeting00:30:02
in magic city around 3000 people and00:30:05
this meeting ends with shouts 2 if they00:30:08
want to throw us against germany it is00:30:10
a war that we we will not do because00:30:12
it is the war of the Jews00:30:14
do you want to think a little about what00:30:16
would have happened in France 6 in 1914 or00:30:18
vhu spring 14 for example young00:30:20
people from the extreme left had said to the00:30:22
Poincaré government if you do the00:30:24
war some guys whatever we do00:30:25
not work the notion all are00:30:27
deserters refractory rebels00:30:29
we are not in the war of France00:30:31
siltea then 2.7 and put in prison00:30:33
immediately but you have three thousand00:30:35
young people and probably a lot00:30:36
of others who openly announced if we00:30:38
fight with Germany we are not working00:30:40
unfortunately this family building00:30:42
then will do nothing against these00:30:44
people will still00:30:46
discreetly make the organizers understand that this00:30:48
imprudence that they say and the committee00:30:50
will end up disband00:30:51
but the committee perfectly00:30:53
announced the more open way that a00:30:55
part of the French population who00:30:57
wanted to redeem against Germany would00:30:58
not work that it is in 36 Marchan 600:31:02
and now in May 36 of the00:31:05
worst selections that France had ever known00:31:07
that of 14 that of 24 to that of 3200:31:10
had been quickly annihilated by the00:31:11
means place the 10 and at 30 if it was the00:31:14
popular front the communists passed from 11 to00:31:18
72 the socialists who had been00:31:21
reduced by the split of the neo00:31:24
socialists who said00:31:26
Mussolini's personal informant are00:31:28
potential fascists that's what00:31:29
Jobs and Mussolini said in lawton 3300:31:32
the socialists who had fallen to 9600:31:34
passed to 147 the radicals are losing00:31:37
ground it was 159 do00:31:39
you are 112 but nevertheless the conjunction00:31:42
radical socialist communist united00:31:45
in the popular front since00:31:47
July 14 is 125 had an enormous00:31:49
majority00:31:50
I am not here to make the history00:31:52
of the funds burning since we are looking at00:31:53
the disaster because but that I tell you00:31:54
quickly that I remind you at least00:31:56
what happened the Blum government was00:31:58
not yet constituted and00:31:59
will constitute on June 600:32:01
the elections are on May 8 after the00:32:04
government is not yet constituted00:32:05
that is happening across France a00:32:07
wave of strikes such as we had00:32:08
never seen before: two million strikers at00:32:10
the end of May 1936 and for the00:32:13
first time strikers who carried out00:32:15
sit-down strikes, strikes on the00:32:17
cac, that is to say that they occupy the00:32:18
factories salute the work or the department00:32:20
stores tokens that there will never be a00:32:23
single looting in the department stores00:32:24
and not a single sabotage in the eight00:32:26
it is not an atmosphere of violence is00:32:28
a splendor of joy like00:32:30
Simone Veil will write a very beautiful article,00:32:32
he will say it was a voice yes it was a00:32:34
party for so many years we had all00:32:38
endured everything, now playing to00:32:41
be able to stand up00:32:42
is to stand up and feel like men00:32:45
well then the employers are00:32:48
really panicking, that's it the day before the00:32:50
day when and where blum is going to form his00:32:53
government so on the 5th in the night lambert ribot00:32:56
president of the forges and00:32:58
road committee president of the00:33:00
general confederation of french employers come and00:33:02
find sir bhl or at his place and00:33:04
begs him to conjure him to put them the00:33:07
next day in the presence of a valid interlocutor00:33:09
tyson ritter valid being sir on the00:33:11
day of the cgt until then the employers00:33:13
ignored the cgt said we do not00:33:15
know the workers did not have them00:33:16
of employers' union of such a state of00:33:18
panic which says to double which says to Blum00:33:20
we are going to discuss with days because it00:33:22
will be heard the00:33:23
working class agreements of matignon00:33:24
on the night of June 7, 17, 1936 and in its00:33:31
stride Blum obtains on June 11 and 1200:33:33
during 26 the vote of two major00:33:35
measures which will persist the00:33:38
40-hour week on the one hand and paid leave00:33:39
on the other hand the few gp existed there for00:33:41
a year00:33:42
Celinian Italy for about 10 years but00:33:45
obviously the French employers00:33:46
took a hard blow and that's00:33:48
when they believed it was an attack on00:33:50
property when in fact you know00:33:51
nine-tenths of these strikers only00:33:53
thought halo or to be immediate00:33:56
they wanted a salary increase00:33:57
they wanted paid leave00:33:59
structural reforms on their past00:34:00
above their heads00:34:01
he had a little name with Marceau00:34:03
Pivert and a few Trotskyists who00:34:05
wanted management committees in00:34:06
the factories humanity itself got involved is00:34:08
opposed by speaking of the00:34:10
hysteria gesticulation of some Trotskyists 10 of00:34:12
humanity finally no story00:34:14
simply we are going to give these brave00:34:16
people what they ask for that is to say 1200:34:17
% in increase in salary paid00:34:19
consider 12% in average 1 while the00:34:22
employers do not want to see the00:34:23
profit margins reduced so the only00:34:25
way to recover what they are going to do00:34:27
by the salary increase and by00:34:28
paid holidays is the larousse of the00:34:30
posters the increase in sales prices00:34:32
so that these unfortunate people who00:34:33
were for the first time00:34:34
going to the sea or the00:34:36
countryside had never seen that the00:34:38
Parisian workers who left so happy00:34:40
when they return they will00:34:41
realize that the prices are starting to00:34:42
increase it will increase and increase00:34:43
and the salary advantage that they killed00:34:47
in June will be quickly00:34:48
swallowed up therefore the popular front will00:34:50
lead to this abortion that00:34:52
millions of people two and a half million00:34:54
choice had entered the subject in 193600:34:56
and when 10,137 the above-mentioned cards00:34:58
were torn in large numbers and in00:35:00
November 3800:35:01
the cgt will attempt a general strike which00:35:04
will result in a terrible abortion00:35:06
nevertheless the propertied class saw00:35:08
terribly fear in 1936 and the noise00:35:12
required the sentence that I I heard it myself and00:35:14
which is now repeated in all the00:35:15
books and it is a banal phrase00:35:17
on the right all rather of blum everything rather00:35:21
than the and I assure you that this everything00:35:23
goes very far00:35:24
this is what we are going to see now00:35:25
and I would like to quote you before00:35:27
starting the second part of my00:35:28
development00:35:29
a sentence that François Mauriac wrote00:35:31
in an open letter to00:35:32
Aquiris in November 1938 when the time00:35:36
comes to describe the history of00:35:38
French nationalism and I think that the00:35:40
time has come00:35:41
it will be curious to study this strange00:35:43
evolution which creates among our00:35:46
nationalists today a n100:35:48
conscious of their own country00:35:51
how does it manifest this queen00:35:53
all or rather that blues the esma gold here is00:35:56
heart 1934 hitler had increased by 43 %00:36:00
of 43% its military budget00:36:03
however neither in 34 nor in 3500:36:07
the French governments that of00:36:09
doumayrou on the one hand and then that of00:36:10
flandin de lava naldo flandin but had00:36:13
done nothing for the increase g00:36:16
of laval I am not the deceived guy half00:36:17
including a Laval did nothing to00:36:19
increase French military budgets00:36:20
it was in October 1936 that Blum,00:36:24
that is to say the man of the popular front,00:36:25
for the first time took care to00:36:28
return to the on the lookout to give France00:36:29
something to defend itself with it votes 1400:36:31
billion huge figure 14 billion00:36:34
military credits for the repair of00:36:37
our insufficient weapons and for the00:36:38
construction of tanks and planes00:36:39
what is the reception that the00:36:41
chauvinistic press the press conservative the00:36:44
national press as said made to the00:36:46
project of blum warmongers00:36:48
blum orders 14 billion the expenditure00:36:51
tazi the credits of the national defense00:36:53
that is a man who wants and it is important00:36:57
that I quote you now by going00:36:59
slowly unheard sentences which00:37:02
was revealed to us at the beginning of 1939 by00:37:06
the former president of the senate asks if00:37:08
it will please or finished in Geneva had sucked00:37:11
Nazis had left the Nazi party and00:37:14
reveal in the spring of 2009 a book is00:37:16
published a book which was called Hitler00:37:18
told me there were astonishing sentences in this book,00:37:20
that's why I00:37:22
'm going to read them to you,00:37:23
articulating the sentences well, where Hitler was00:37:26
boasting of a discovery that was00:37:28
personal to him, they had left for00:37:30
this reason. discovery it was the00:37:32
psychological dislocation of the adversary the00:37:34
military the psychological dislocation of00:37:36
the adversary here are the sentences never00:37:39
declared hitler never I will start00:37:41
a war without first having the00:37:44
absolute certainty that the00:37:46
demoralized enemy will succumb under my first00:37:49
shock I continue00:37:52
everywhere in enemy countries we will have00:37:53
friends who will help us they will not even00:37:56
need to buy they will come and find us on their own00:37:58
I will enter France as a champion of00:38:01
social order and I will find00:38:03
collaborators so I apologize for what00:38:05
I'm going to read to you is not me00:38:06
talking about spaced out TV and I found it00:38:08
to be an innovative school, particularly in00:38:10
business circles for whom only a00:38:12
word from the dictionary written in00:38:14
capital letters is the profit mode we will have00:38:16
with us the ruling and00:38:18
propertied classes and their00:38:20
spontaneous collaborators in the00:38:21
capitulating bourgeoisie it is still Hitler who will have00:38:24
no difficulty in finding the00:38:26
patriotic phrases serving as dressing00:38:28
for their game I will show you to what00:38:31
extent Hitler was fulfilled on the side of the00:38:35
nationalists on favier the00:38:36
French nationals where he had invented the00:38:38
national mode especially from blum00:38:39
because bloom is a Jew was a00:38:41
metic naturally he was not a00:38:42
Frenchman then the demonstration that we00:38:45
were a real French national society00:38:47
the leagues no longer moved were very00:38:49
afraid the beds that it had been00:38:50
extremely alive until 1934 the00:38:53
popular background party it was no00:38:54
longer moving but in 1936 in June 200 at the end00:38:58
of June 10 26 le figaro had announced00:39:00
a national day00:39:02
l the Figaro building that you know00:39:04
at the roundabout of the Champs Elysées00:39:05
disappeared to you oh yes00:39:07
tricolor flame and the whole 16th00:39:08
arrondissement which is an00:39:09
honest neighborhood rivulet of flags it was the00:39:11
national protest as to the00:39:13
presence of a meta quai d 'a foreigner in00:39:15
power then the nationals will00:39:17
behave as you will see on the 17th00:39:20
yes that's it on July 17th 36 17g 3600:39:23
news arrives in the telexes is00:39:26
considerable including a change00:39:30
of regime00:39:31
in Spain we learned that day that 'a00:39:34
general who was called franco supported00:39:36
by certain banking groups made00:39:38
an offensive against the00:39:39
legal government some republican members00:39:41
the elections took place in February00:39:43
36 he was formed in Germany in00:39:46
Spain in fact it was not Poulard that00:39:48
the general from castelnau guests00:39:49
building called the frente cra poulard and00:39:51
it was this popular front which ruled00:39:54
spain I do not deny certainly there was00:39:57
particular decor on the anti-00:39:59
religious side or say00:40:00
the churches of the burn victims where there was00:40:02
violence in fact I find that this00:40:04
republican government was the00:40:06
legal government on the other hand this00:40:07
republican government was very good00:40:09
with seeing tomorrow French republican00:40:10
the government of blow or suddenly00:40:13
we learned that this00:40:14
republican government was threatened by a00:40:16
military insurrection00:40:18
let's go back quite a long way back00:40:21
soma in spring 19 1870 pretend 87900:40:27
high leon iii learns that germany00:40:30
prudence seems to intend to00:40:32
put a cone of lerna on the00:40:33
vacant throne of spain napoleon iii is a00:40:36
friend of the pev know when he will make00:40:37
war he will do it unwillingly and00:40:39
he lets00:40:41
ihome know first and france will consider it00:40:44
a casus belli that there are00:40:46
alert bruins on the throne of spain00:40:47
it is already enough said napoleon iii00:40:49
that he is there in the north -east of France a00:40:51
more dangerous one we had seen quite00:40:53
dangerous against Austria and00:40:54
Denmark we expected them to attack00:40:56
France Napoleon III said I00:40:58
cannot allow my country to be in a00:40:59
circle and which is one side a hold and00:41:01
the other side behind the Pyrenees00:41:03
another hold well you know what is00:41:05
happening at that time William the First00:41:06
who was fearful and despite the00:41:08
exhortations of Bismarck who wanted00:41:10
war William the First withdrew the00:41:11
candidacy in mourning and00:41:13
now in January 1900 in July00:41:16
1936 France finds itself once again00:41:18
threatened by another Prussia finally by a00:41:21
dangerous country00:41:22
on the other side of the gates what00:41:24
should we do there I was telling you a00:41:26
detail which is very little known and which00:41:28
appears only in its nine00:41:29
illegible volumes but you have to read them from the00:41:31
French parliamentary investigation into the00:41:33
events on the roof of a 133 194500:41:35
that's nine volumes there are lots of00:41:37
dreams the droppings there has one which is00:41:39
well understood tempted that here is00:41:40
blum after contacts on the right and on the00:41:42
left what should we do the00:41:43
brown said not moving in rio said not00:41:45
moving the english we say not moving00:41:46
but blum brings our00:41:49
French military attaché colonel morel social00:41:51
French misery in madrid at the pace of the00:41:53
republican government blues knew00:41:55
perfectly well that colonel morel was00:41:56
a monarchist by temperament 100:42:00
the loyalists had who served the00:42:01
republic which was not at all00:42:02
of French action but who openly00:42:04
said I find that the republic is00:42:06
a bad regime for France finally00:42:07
as this loyal and00:42:09
very competent military state had it now too00:42:11
then Blum receives in his cabinet this00:42:14
colonel Morel whose political life he sealed00:42:16
and told him between four eyes00:42:18
that 'do you advise with is00:42:20
what you think and we have in this book00:42:22
of the anc is the courageous answer I00:42:24
assure you courageous of what00:42:25
Lorraine who looking the president of the00:42:27
Jewish council in the eyes I said00:42:29
mr president of the council you00:42:30
know perfectly well what i think i00:42:33
even think so much what i think that00:42:35
if there was a king in france he00:42:37
would not hesitate to interview00:42:39
immediately in spain to avoid the enormous00:42:41
danger of a government which00:42:42
will hate us else from the Pyrenees00:42:44
this is what had said that it seems to00:42:45
make an intervention Spain of a00:42:49
possible the program of the popular front00:42:52
they know it oath of the Baudelaire fund00:42:53
of July 14 235 carry these three words00:42:56
the freedom bread peace and even00:42:59
Mr. Guaino who was a friend of00:43:00
emphatic formulas had ilha grande00:43:02
more human the voters of the00:43:05
popular front would not understand a00:43:07
leader of the popular front launches00:43:09
France into military operations00:43:10
blum it is very although if they00:43:12
let a military intervention in00:43:13
Spain will not be followed by its own00:43:14
party00:43:15
but at least we can authorize at least00:43:17
authorized at least00:43:19
Spanish republican government00:43:21
regular Spanish government to its sheep in arms at00:43:23
home in France00:43:24
that's what blue moon declares to these00:43:26
Spanish republicans who come to00:43:27
find him saying we need we00:43:29
need time that we need00:43:30
ammunition our purchases in order to plane00:43:32
can we buy some from you I00:43:34
say to myself but it it's obvious that it's July 2100:43:39
July 23 a certain Mr.00:43:42
Raymond Cartier for Koné I00:43:44
still believe today in Paris match Mr. Raymond Cartier publishes an00:43:46
article Royan you hear me with00:43:47
lightning in the echo of Paris to00:43:49
denounce the betrayal of the00:43:51
Blum government Blum government is preparing to00:43:53
give weapons to this scoundrel front on00:43:55
which other side of the Pyrenees we see that00:43:57
the popular front is war there00:43:59
what Mr. neighborhood says bloom will00:44:00
retreat to retreat he will say no no00:44:02
then00:44:03
only does not allow you to buy00:44:05
anything and in a rather00:44:06
miserable way it will be clandestinely that it00:44:09
will allow Malraux to buy some00:44:10
old cuckoo clocks and that00:44:12
some coins will transit through France well hidden00:44:14
that will arrive from Russia to00:44:16
support the Spanish Republicans nothing00:44:19
compared to what the military effort that00:44:21
the Italians and the Germans are going to make00:44:23
the Italians your desires00:44:25
immediately sent planes there are even two00:44:27
which will fall on French positions00:44:28
Havas falls Morocco the other fell in00:44:30
Algeria so we know that these00:44:31
Italian bomber planes are going to help00:44:34
Franco we are afraid Darlan himself is afraid00:44:36
that the Balearic Islands will become a00:44:39
military base against us cutting our00:44:40
communications with North Africa we00:44:43
know the Condor Legion we know the00:44:45
Göring aviation we know the massive support that the00:44:48
fascists and Hitler will give to00:44:49
Spain the right-wing press is00:44:51
extremely silent on this so we00:44:53
must not say that these people are our00:44:55
enemies and when we do what in the00:44:58
spring I get used to date this00:44:59
spring 37 guernica offers us the00:45:02
first example of a total war00:45:04
when goering to unleash if bomber00:45:05
on the small Basque town of guernica00:45:07
is that the town is in fact razed do00:45:09
you know what we can read in three00:45:10
issues in a row of the French action00:45:12
something awful happened00:45:13
is garnished with the Villette in ashes00:45:15
because obviously these are people who00:45:17
are republicans they are at the same time00:45:18
Catholic they are Basques00:45:20
so the members of the popular front00:45:22
that is to say the anarchists and the00:45:23
communists threw themselves on guernica00:45:25
and reduced it together godfather of00:45:27
Catholicism so as not to say that00:45:29
it was nothing see that the soul00:45:31
clear strategy yen found a effect00:45:33
of the precious collaborators hitler will00:45:37
proceed with a lot of skill you00:45:39
saw as they had done it00:45:40
guards the street militarization say I am only00:45:42
doing it because France00:45:43
itself does not want demilitarized on the other00:45:45
hand hitler will demand the 'anschluss with00:45:49
Austria that we translated00:45:50
exactly ten years annexation no that00:45:52
means meeting when you should know that in00:45:55
November of the 118 men discussed the00:45:57
thick trade which will be the peace of00:45:58
Versailles00:45:59
Austria which was at that time -there00:46:01
reduced to nothing you know Austria00:46:03
Hungary was divided into very small00:46:04
pieces there was that a small Austria00:46:05
Austria had asked and asked again00:46:07
to the Franco-English fa you were going to00:46:10
do that to authorize it to meet at00:46:13
the Germany absolute refusal00:46:15
in 1931 Austria had at least00:46:17
requested the customs union with00:46:18
Germany is brilliant and praying00:46:20
had refused it then it is in the name of the00:46:23
right of peoples to self-determination00:46:24
kittler will say but I will make this00:46:26
annexation the majority of Austrians only00:46:28
ask that00:46:29
this had been true during the years it00:46:31
was less true since Nazism and a00:46:33
part of the Austrians who wanted the00:46:35
reunion of Germany until 33 no00:46:37
longer wanted it from Nazism00:46:38
established in ahl I believe nevertheless it is necessary to00:46:41
tell the truth I believe nevertheless00:46:42
I had that a plebiscite there would be an00:46:44
immense majority of Austrians square said00:46:45
yes to the meeting the meeting which seemed00:46:48
I will tell you something which will00:46:49
perhaps you offend but which00:46:51
seems to me as natural as the reunion of00:46:53
Savoy with France in 1860 Savoy00:46:56
by the French it was at that00:46:57
time Italian Napoleon III had00:46:59
asked as a price the intervention he00:47:01
had made in Italy that the savoy is00:47:02
reunited with france00:47:03
well I believe and the reunion of00:47:05
austria with germany and is also00:47:06
natural see that hitler shelters in00:47:08
the shadow of the peoples and it is still00:47:10
behind the rights of the peoples which00:47:12
will 'shelter and he who doesn't care00:47:14
much when he is going to question Czechoslovakia00:47:16
especially that which worries them a lot00:47:18
1 because the French have made it a00:47:19
powerful military bastion on the ch and00:47:22
Germany 2 because the benech government00:47:24
brackish water and well with the00:47:26
Russian government households has friendly ties with00:47:28
the Russians it manages decided to return to the00:47:30
end of the cegos at the make gold in contempt of the00:47:33
right of peoples to self-determination00:47:34
perfectly it must be said the treaty00:47:36
of versailles had annexed to00:47:38
czechoslovakia so that it would have00:47:40
borders which extend from the mountains00:47:41
had annexed to czechoslovakia the00:47:43
worlds studies and we will end up no longer00:47:46
saying that the sudetenland was an00:47:47
accuracy the mountains south is populated00:47:50
by Germans three and a half million00:47:52
ethnic Germans mentally and00:47:54
speaking German had both forces00:47:56
united in studios with it was00:47:59
obviously a violation of the right of00:48:00
peoples to self-determination and it00:48:01
clearly does not appear for the young people00:48:02
ask that they very normal things I00:48:04
ask that the Germans return to00:48:05
the German homeland the ulterior motive you00:48:07
know it is to destroy the00:48:09
military force of Czechoslovakia it00:48:10
came from the rest taking a blow if I00:48:12
may say since india schultz because00:48:14
czechoslovakia had no00:48:15
fortification on the austria side00:48:17
considered not dangerous therefore a00:48:19
union between austria and became again00:48:21
germans had come from asia it was00:48:23
already a way of turning psychology00:48:25
the south and to take its00:48:26
military defenses of the00:48:27
Sudeten region from behind what are we going to do to its death00:48:31
knell we are going to make Munich you know00:48:32
Munich well that is to say that Chamberlain00:48:35
informed France that in in no case00:48:37
would he intervene militarily to00:48:39
protect the tiger bone of mac this moment00:48:40
it is more serious for France00:48:41
england has no connection00:48:43
of honor with the crèche slovakia00:48:46
while we French for ten years00:48:47
2500:48:48
we have a park of mutual assistance00:48:50
we promised sworn on the honor of00:48:52
France latics of va which would be defended in any00:48:55
event00:48:56
well France will be obliged to00:48:58
renounce its word and perhaps I00:49:01
am not a strategist can - perhaps00:49:02
we French did not have the means in 193800:49:04
to oppose ourselves militarily to00:49:05
the Allmend I know that little official that00:49:08
General Huille Main supreme head of00:49:11
French management had said if we00:49:13
are in trouble in two weeks he will00:49:14
not there will be more French aviation00:49:15
because we are still poorly armed00:49:17
1,238 possible but that's not what interests00:49:20
me in the left-wing demonstration00:49:21
continuing in front of you and which is there the00:49:24
behavior of the French nationals is00:49:26
helped by the French conservatives it is00:49:28
to see the fia launches with which all00:49:29
the right-wing newspapers and three00:49:31
weeklies of which I am speaking to you and00:49:32
the French action said in no case00:49:34
we must fight against Germany the00:49:37
word of France has there are cases of00:49:38
force majeure we we cannot wage00:49:40
war in Germany00:49:41
we must not wage war00:49:42
in Germany and when Daladier on September 23 or 2400:49:45
had made a pre-00:49:49
mobilization you may remember00:49:50
that a million reservists had been00:49:52
recalled Mr. Gaxotte today Today00:49:54
the French Academy in Candid had00:49:56
published an article for those00:49:58
recalled telling them you only have one00:50:00
duty and that is to make your mark or you will00:50:01
not wage this war which would be a00:50:03
suicide for France on the order of the00:50:05
Russians the sq written towards the great00:50:07
candid newspaper and a future academician therefore00:50:10
cheers in the French action00:50:12
it is we who won it is we00:50:13
who made the war party retreat00:50:15
when we learned of the sad00:50:17
decision from munich is what you need00:50:19
to know is that in this meeting in00:50:21
munich you remember givingr france00:50:22
italy england and alps and germany00:50:25
france italy england two nations00:50:28
which should have been present is absent00:50:30
czechoslovakia on the one hand since in00:50:32
fact on his back that we were discussing Hitler00:50:34
is not going to accept the pressure from00:50:35
Benin and Soviet Russia on the other hand which00:50:38
also like France had a00:50:39
mutual assistance pact in Tiko00:50:41
Slovakia but Hitler had said in no00:50:43
case I I would admit that a representative of00:50:45
Soviet Russia was in Munich,00:50:46
France and England had accepted and00:50:48
Churchill wrote in his memoirs that00:50:49
it was a slap on Stalin's cheeks00:50:52
that they were not ready00:50:53
to forget.00:50:54
what will happen following munich00:50:57
is indeed the nine no on december 6,00:51:00
1938 georges bonnet who heads00:51:03
foreign affairs in france and who is a00:51:05
good man finally who is a man 1300:51:07
to love at all paris addresses a00:51:09
invitation ribbentrop00:51:11
I like German diplomacy inviting him00:51:14
to Paris organizing a reception for00:51:17
him from which any Jew is excluded00:51:19
but not these official attributions00:51:20
because we cannot inflict the00:51:22
presence of a Jew on gentleman and benefactor00:51:24
and the set the day after a terrible00:51:26
program which will occur in stems and00:51:28
who fly to tell berlin but it doesn't00:51:30
matter we shake ribbentrop's hand00:51:31
and we whisper to him because monsieur bonnet00:51:33
usually takes care to leave me no00:51:34
diplomatic documents but we know that00:51:36
today today the murmurs that France would00:51:38
see no problem, it is00:51:39
now losing interest in central Europe,00:51:41
no problem for00:51:42
Hitler's power to turn towards00:51:44
the east,00:51:45
you will tell me, good00:51:47
policy, that's what it is. that you want00:51:48
to do French monsieur bonnet distant00:51:50
Alsace Lorraine is threatened so he00:51:52
directed the monster in the other side he00:51:54
will say listen leave us alone00:51:55
name is not dangerous and while00:51:56
you have on Stalin's side someone00:51:58
in dangerous regulation Stalin will know00:52:00
immediately because of the informants00:52:02
that they are well placed it was00:52:03
France through the voice of Mr. George00:52:05
Bonnet said to Germany00:52:07
it is going to Miami between us and between00:52:09
France and Germany and00:52:10
therefore turn to the side of the Russians on March 900:52:14
although on March 14 month doing00:52:15
business in March 1939 Hitler for the00:52:18
first time throws off his mask00:52:19
he was masked by the right of peoples to00:52:21
self-determination but here is who is going to00:52:23
throw himself on Czechoslovakia which is00:52:25
already reduced practically to nothing he00:52:27
himself will enter Prague I believe00:52:28
it is on March 14 or 15, 1939 and00:52:31
this time imposing himself by force on a country00:52:33
which does not want him that is - what00:52:35
France is doing mail00:52:37
it is in April it is in April that00:52:39
England will make it known00:52:40
because unfortunately my country followed was00:52:42
alarming England will make it known00:52:44
that is enough this time we will try to00:52:46
put a brake we will try to say00:52:48
no we will try to prevent it this00:52:50
formidable expansion is more and more00:52:54
violent in Germany00:52:56
but then if it is understood if we are going to00:52:59
oppose the bad market but we must00:53:01
all the same to make arrangements with the Russians00:53:03
effectively in the aftermath of Munich in the00:53:06
aftermath of March 1939, that is to say00:53:08
the Hitlerian occupation in Prague00:53:10
Hitler and Voroshilov I believe that00:53:12
it was Big Shilov who was Russian Chief of Staff00:53:13
request with the greater00:53:16
insistence on the French staffs00:53:18
the English tinning than the00:53:19
staff conversations and place for a hundred years on00:53:22
the military way of resisting Hitler00:53:24
Tom Verlaine wants the one posed to00:53:27
Germany but he is very reluctant00:53:29
towards of a military alliance with00:53:30
the soviets00:53:32
when the french government will00:53:33
pretend to send a00:53:34
military delegation but with instructions which00:53:37
are to do nothing without the agreement of00:53:39
poland be00:53:40
careful russia does not have a00:53:44
direct border with the germany russia and00:53:46
separate from germany through poland00:53:47
to come to the aid of poland00:53:50
it will be able to intervene if france n00:53:52
angulation to attack it is therefore necessary that00:53:54
the russian armies cross the beach nothing00:53:56
contentious slag heap00:53:57
we forget too much and of which many Gaulle did not00:53:59
speak in his memoirs and I00:54:02
blame him a little that they have a dispute00:54:03
Thierry from between Poland is there and00:54:05
Russia in fact it is in 1919 and the00:54:10
young Poland reconstitute finally00:54:11
independent had taken the the initiative00:54:13
of an attack against Russia we must00:54:15
know it was Poland which00:54:17
attacked Russia we say no00:54:19
it is very weak and time has made00:54:20
its revolution and for the moment to go beyond00:54:22
the Trotsky fact too much that he managed00:54:23
to set up an army of 600 thousand00:54:25
men and who wanted to be there in azure so00:54:27
that the Polish aggressors had00:54:28
been driven back to the point even that Warsaw00:54:31
had been threatened by the Red Army at00:54:33
that time France had intervened00:54:34
seeing 2400 men know nothing but be00:54:37
careful 2400 in hand00:54:40
saw vi who were executives of people00:54:41
led by general weygand who had00:54:44
danced in his company captain de00:54:47
gaulle his 2400 executives will reform00:54:50
the polish army madness allows to00:54:52
resume the offensive that is to say to00:54:53
become aggressors again against Russia00:54:55
is this time well directed the Poles00:54:57
will win and you will obtain on March 18,00:55:00
192100:55:01
the abominable treaty of Riga was treated00:55:04
of Riga grants to this Poland00:55:06
of aggression of strictly00:55:09
Russian territories perhaps you know that at the beginning we00:55:11
had made the line choir of men00:55:12
it was Mr. Carbon who had fixed the00:55:14
line, that is to say the border between00:55:17
Poland and Russia00:55:18
according to the technical principles of 'one00:55:20
side on the west side the linker jones00:55:22
were the poles the treaty it was00:55:24
people who were of rugby race by00:55:26
the russians well the00:55:29
victorious aggressor poles and supported by france00:55:31
obtain at the dryats train that00:55:33
belarus inhabited by russians00:55:35
become Polish just as a large00:55:37
piece of Ukraine naturally00:55:39
Stalin had not swallowed that now00:55:42
in 1938 39 when he said I00:55:45
ask nothing better than to fight with00:55:46
against Germany with you but00:55:49
when I crossed Poland00:55:51
would take back the territories that were00:55:52
mine to carry out your questions00:55:54
the Poles had the choice between being00:55:56
crushed pulverized annihilated by the00:55:59
Germans returning to the Russians00:56:01
what it is Russian asked them that he00:56:02
had stolen from them Monsieur Georges Bonnet00:56:04
who absolutely did not want not your two00:56:06
internal political reasons for this00:56:07
military alliance with Russia00:56:09
spending your time hiding00:56:11
behind Poland is reduced to00:56:12
nothing it is the Poles themselves who do00:56:14
not want Russian support00:56:16
we French knew well weigh on the00:56:19
will of the Slovak Seaco when it was00:56:21
necessary to please Germany we00:56:23
had all the means to influence the00:56:25
Polish will because it was00:56:26
French subsidies 10 million00:56:28
French billions which allowed00:56:29
the Polish economy to turn even if00:56:31
georges bonnet will not use these00:56:33
means of pressure that he has on00:56:34
poland because he does not want a00:56:36
military alliance with russia00:56:38
so what is she going to tell the00:56:39
story she is going to do this which scandalized me so much00:56:41
when I had not realized00:56:43
the blow when I did not understand00:56:44
the operation that is to say the00:56:46
German-Soviet pact of August 193900:56:48
on the quantity of France side is filled for00:56:50
a terrible amount of betrayal and who00:56:52
even allowed it to provoke and00:56:53
split in the communist party00:56:55
my comrade put on a quest with me at00:56:57
the normal school enrolled in the00:56:58
communist party will leave the00:56:59
communist party out of indignation saying it is00:57:02
unimaginable that Stalin's hand is shaken00:57:04
said that she did not finally he00:57:06
shook ribbentrop's hand and that he00:57:07
was allied with Germany by the00:57:10
pack of 23 years died this pact00:57:13
first Monsieur Raynaud will say it was00:57:16
Pierre who us fell from the sky a00:57:19
prodigious shock not at all stalin00:57:21
had announced it at the 21st congress I00:57:24
forgot the name of the congress the number of the00:57:25
congress of the congress of the communist party00:57:27
it is the 14th choice00:57:28
finally at the congress of March 10 of the party00:57:30
communist March 10, 39 from the00:57:33
communist party to the Russians Stalin had been00:57:35
very clear00:57:36
he had made an allusion to these you00:57:37
go to what Georges Bonnet had said00:57:39
pushing Germany on the side of00:57:41
Russia he had said we are not ready to play00:57:43
those who pull the00:57:45
chestnuts out of the fire for others00:57:46
on the other hand hoping that it would be00:57:48
passed on Stalin had00:57:50
the American ambassador in Moscow say his00:57:52
name is Davis he had said if00:57:54
the Franco-English continue to not00:57:55
want our alliance we are going to be00:57:57
obliged to do something else so the00:57:59
French were in Franco English00:58:00
had been warned for several months00:58:01
made Stalin try something else to00:58:03
protect himself and it is something else it will be00:58:06
the incredible proposition for him00:58:08
unimaginable that Hitler made him and read00:58:11
told him I'm going to attack Poland00:58:13
I want to put an end to this Poland I00:58:16
'm sure it's French English let's00:58:17
march we won't move seeing what they00:58:18
did in Munich I've got them they00:58:20
're not earthworms he said00:58:22
speaking of daladier and 2 and tihange00:58:23
berlin they won't move man00:58:25
let's get it together you two00:58:27
Russian you won't have fired a shot00:58:29
we're going to invade we're going to00:58:31
win we're three years old the colonies00:58:33
like nothing and when Poland is the00:58:35
land will have no more00:58:36
Polish government well you will enter the00:58:38
Russian lands that you have lost since00:58:40
192100:58:41
understand that nationally Mr.00:58:44
Stalin cannot do otherwise than00:58:45
to throw himself on such a proposal00:58:47
and as it happened on the other hand that hitler00:58:49
will end up throwing himself against him00:58:50
since that also gives in mein kampf00:58:52
he will see there a considerable strategic advantage00:58:53
1 the border of russia00:58:56
moves 250 kilometers towards00:58:58
the west consequently the drama lines of on the one00:59:00
hand and Moscow on the other hand are00:59:01
much better protected against00:59:02
the German invasion than it was00:59:03
until now since Russia will00:59:05
see this vast glacis and secondly00:59:07
Hitler will tolerate Stalin taking00:59:10
restrictive measures I00:59:11
admit to you with regard to the Baltic States in order to00:59:14
take new securities at sea00:59:15
bastille it is sure you are in the Baltic Sea00:59:17
are made on the part of Stalin to00:59:20
protect against the inevitable00:59:21
German aggression sacred on German00:59:23
it will be much stronger for the skin00:59:26
to attend it now that the Germans00:59:27
themselves gave him half of the00:59:29
skin that is why Stalin carried out00:59:32
these operations that neither Churchill in his00:59:33
memoirs nor de Gaulle himself in his00:59:35
memoirs condemns00:59:36
him as the one other said this guy it's00:59:38
French policy had been such00:59:40
this outstretched hand of Stalin we did00:59:42
n't want to take it00:59:43
Stalin who is both the leader of00:59:44
international communism but also the00:59:46
successor of the 10 to Stalin who is a00:59:48
nationalist for his country at the same time00:59:49
as the leader the Communist International00:59:51
Stalin acted as a man00:59:53
who had the interests of his country should act00:59:54
I would have it that on September 1, 193900:59:57
it was and Germany attacked the first00:59:58
cannon shot was thrown on France01:00:03
earlier I should have but I am going to do01:00:04
now you bring an unbelievable quote01:00:08
published in a magazine called01:00:10
combat which was a reaction with his01:00:13
right hand as a moment of November in01:00:16
November of a 138 this01:00:20
unimaginable article signed by a today01:00:22
illustrious Thierry Monnier listen carefully to what01:00:25
Mr. Thierry Mouille wrote in01:00:26
November 39 about the01:00:29
Munich crisis which your head two months earlier01:00:30
wrote a lot Mr. Thierry Monnier01:00:33
many estimated it is so01:00:35
incredible that I ask you and that in the01:00:36
drawing many estimated that a01:00:38
defeat of Germany would have meant01:00:40
the collapse of the authoritarian systems01:00:43
which constitute the main bulwark to the01:00:45
communist revolution semicolon01:00:47
in other words than a victory of01:00:50
France would have been that of principle rightly01:00:53
considered as the right01:00:54
to the ruin of civilization01:00:56
he regretted continuing I would say wet01:00:58
he regretted that the men and the parties01:01:01
who had this thought are not01:01:02
generally admitted because he01:01:04
unmentionable I even believe he writes that it01:01:06
was one of the main01:01:08
reasons is the most solid if not the01:01:10
most solid for not going to war01:01:12
last September you are clearer01:01:14
you have 1 French who told you01:01:16
publicly it was not necessary to go to war01:01:17
war because we could have won01:01:19
it is there a victory for01:01:21
France such a defeat of civilization01:01:23
weary incredible sentence you01:01:27
hear them multiply at the time of the01:01:28
declaration of you see Mr. René01:01:30
Benjamin of the French action which in01:01:32
1943 in an effect via Lausanne I was01:01:35
already then I was able to say it01:01:36
immediately and who knows to the youth and the01:01:38
palatine and who was called the man in01:01:40
search of his soul on the youngest01:01:42
of the French action will dare to write the01:01:43
following it seems that we were01:01:45
committed in honor to waging war yes01:01:47
because we were governed by the honor of the01:01:48
guards in Poland we had reneged on our word of the guards01:01:50
let go that I will go there we will not denies it and01:01:51
not with regard to Poland by a01:01:53
committed management in a certainly he wrote on01:01:56
September 3, 1939 greenness of the war I01:01:58
did not experience the slightest feeling01:02:00
of honor01:02:02
the idea of a victory made me shudder01:02:05
comma as much as a defeat01:02:07
it was prudent to say that nevertheless it is01:02:09
a Frenchman that you hear declared01:02:11
openly makes the idea of a victory01:02:12
his country did it first the first01:02:15
collaborator of general of robert01:02:16
brasillach in I am everywhere that it was01:02:18
alain lowbrow writing in his diary01:02:20
that he will publish popular in 194501:02:23
September 3, 193901:02:25
what I want for my country is01:02:28
a short war is disastrous so01:02:31
we French had 1939 a01:02:35
part of our country01:02:36
made up of notables and the01:02:38
conservative leaders who openly wanted01:02:41
the defeat of this country their country it's okay01:02:45
you see that Mauriac in 1938 had01:02:47
been good prophets01:02:49
what is happening to the Poles and01:02:51
hope to stand up to Germany by01:02:53
believing that France is attacking ray it is01:02:55
German01:02:56
you are obliged to divide their force01:02:58
since the French have decided to make01:03:00
war so if I am wrong armored on01:03:01
us Polish are obliged to keep01:03:03
a considerable part for the attack the01:03:05
French will launch the French will not01:03:07
launch no attacked01:03:09
should we throw stones at general01:03:10
gamelin I don't think so because we01:03:12
knew at that time the power of01:03:14
Siegfried's line it seems that in August 38 it was01:03:18
weak I know the report of general 6 the01:03:20
name m now generally escapes01:03:21
order online siegfried who in august01:03:23
38 had dared to put before01:03:25
hitler's eyes a note saying august 38 if01:03:28
tilly france is attacked we would01:03:29
not last three weeks01:03:31
but in august 38.7 between august 38 10 aids01:03:34
in 39 there he cites friis of the prodigiously01:03:36
fortified so general gamelin01:03:38
probably had a strong reasonable reason01:03:40
not to launch French troops into01:03:45
terrible massacres and he could01:03:47
do nothing else why because01:03:51
Belgium there was been allies of France01:03:54
military ally of France until01:03:56
1937 had in 1927 declared its rupture01:04:00
we had broken the military alliance01:04:02
Belgium France and Belgium had01:04:04
resumed its neutrality01:04:06
as if the neutrality which could01:04:09
protect it we had just the Germans and01:04:10
fact of Belgian reality in 814 Bas01:04:13
Leopold III had demanded that Belgium01:04:15
withdraw from the alliance01:04:17
if Belgium had been said still01:04:18
allies we could have turned the01:04:20
ISIC Fried Gamelin could have sent01:04:22
a large number of soldiers across the01:04:24
Belgian and Luxembourgish territory to01:04:26
take line this sheet from the north01:04:28
it was forbidden to us its truth a01:04:30
great triumph of Italian policy01:04:31
to obtain the neutrality of01:04:33
Belgium since it prohibited any01:04:35
French from entering there and even to the point01:04:37
that the Belgians had mobilized I01:04:39
came back from Belgium and I asked01:04:40
questions about it had mobilized a01:04:42
certain number at 6 fictitious in fact it01:04:43
was still there01:04:44
its form of soldiers facing the01:04:46
French border to oppose the force to the01:04:49
French if I had he wanted rape is01:04:51
ours said the Belgians for the attack01:04:52
and the German so what did we01:04:54
want nothing so we took a fact there01:04:57
was another reason why we01:04:58
didn't do anything that it's no longer01:05:00
military reasons it no longer concerned gamelin01:05:02
sarto sarsgaard and daladier d'allied he01:05:05
knew well what was happening in my01:05:07
country he knew the incredible difference01:05:09
that there was between 1914 and 193901:05:12
I was 11 years old at 14 reminds me of01:05:15
the national unanimity the unanimity01:05:18
you sang it well the international01:05:20
in the streets of Mâcon which was my country01:05:21
but said this guy01:05:23
the general staff had counted on 13 to 14%01:05:27
of insubordination there was none 3% the01:05:30
worst intimidate dried up you marched01:05:32
why because France was01:05:34
attacked and the old01:05:35
national reflex plays out 1939 France was not01:05:39
attacked France was doing what must be01:05:41
called a preventive war01:05:43
France said I am committed of honor to01:05:45
supporting Poland it didn't seem like01:05:46
many people you go these01:05:47
quantities of peasants who never said01:05:49
their newspaper and who constituted01:05:50
the French infantry soldiers01:05:52
exhausted themselves didn't understand why he01:05:54
was demobilized I spoke with several of them at01:05:56
the Bordeaux station and these guys know01:05:58
he was quiet it was obedient01:06:00
diaries fear the people in the01:06:01
mobilization posters by the two01:06:03
war councils for any refractory01:06:04
his chances did what 'we told them01:06:06
to do but by asking questions01:06:07
we are attacked in we are not01:06:09
attacked so why at the cip on01:06:11
hitler attack us without will work but01:06:12
late that they teach us to write01:06:14
on the other hand france will go that01:06:17
not so much the amount she01:06:18
had suffered it was death acted furiously one01:06:21
million two hundred thousand dead 1 million01:06:23
mutilated in addition it happened that people who01:06:25
had already fought between 17/1801:06:28
were mobilized twice the at the same01:06:31
time the same goal in the pipe-01:06:32
breaking test ah no and then there was01:06:34
it was standard doesn't take a huge program01:06:37
from the right and ten major weeklies01:06:38
that I'm talking to you about to repeat over01:06:40
and over again it's an idiotic war it01:06:42
do not do it01:06:44
that brings you narrow and means in01:06:46
December 30.901:06:48
damn for the arts Bordeaux I was01:06:50
very close with a Dominican who01:06:51
was called the reverend father but god he01:06:52
worked like me the01:06:54
intellectual life was mobilized like01:06:56
artillery captain had come on01:06:57
leave and when we were alone in my01:06:59
living room he had been very careful we01:07:00
are the one played in fact he had told me01:07:02
you know he chews is terrified of what01:07:04
I see on the Maginot line01:07:05
I am here with reserve officers01:07:09
but all or almost all tell us01:07:11
but what are we doing here is a01:07:12
suicidal war iker does not want what he01:07:15
said that he wanted to make peace01:07:16
with us hitler to give up without a01:07:18
element he had said it on October 6 no01:07:20
it is without elements and draws up Lorraine01:07:21
we think of more and then above all it01:07:23
represents the barrier against01:07:24
Sovietism that is what this of officers01:07:27
told me to hear of officer01:07:29
said if ever the war breaks out I01:07:31
wonder how they dance lead01:07:32
two of three wait on February 2, 194001:07:37
I am sent by01:07:38
foreign affairs I was in Lyon that in Bordeaux01:07:40
I sent foreign affairs waltzing to01:07:41
Switzerland under the guise of giving01:07:44
literary conferences and in fact I was01:07:46
asked to do a little01:07:47
investigation to know how to approach the01:07:49
biggest names of Swiss personalities to find out how the Swiss01:07:51
reacted to the situation in France on01:07:54
February 3, 201:07:56
I announced myself as consul general of France01:07:59
table and Mr. Perron in Geneva and he01:08:01
says to me oh listen, come on a01:08:03
story and a dinner in honor of01:08:04
Claudel who is at my house very happy I01:08:06
understand people when never Claudel01:08:07
up close I go there but there was not only01:08:09
claudel is there was a gentleman whose01:08:10
name I do not want to say who was a01:08:12
French banker01:08:13
I want very elegant silver rosette of01:08:15
the Legion of Honor and who were there01:08:16
charged with a purchasing mission01:08:18
purchasing mission for the French government in01:08:19
Switzerland I quietly said01:08:22
it is Monsieur and his Legion of Honor at01:08:24
the table of the General Council in01:08:26
front of a Claudel to suffocate like myself01:08:28
I hope that this war will01:08:29
stop without us fighting it it's an01:08:32
absurd war it's well done for the benefit01:08:34
of communism we have to find a01:08:35
way to work things out that Mr Hitler01:08:36
said this Frenchman is responsible for01:08:39
changing it finally which will interest you even01:08:41
more it's is the next day February 301:08:44
I am going to Berne I had tried to01:08:47
find contact with the head of the01:08:49
federal political department tupi01:08:51
legal there I had arrived a gentleman01:08:54
addicted to the aid who was with the head of01:08:56
starting was called waiting for the01:08:58
language conferences French01:08:59
association Romande and of France in01:09:01
French had kindly organized at01:09:03
home in his living room a conference in a01:09:05
tuxedo I hate that finally you had01:09:07
spoken in front of Mr. Py the school fifteen01:09:09
people 20 people quite01:09:10
select you know I was elegant who01:09:12
anima believe and I had to speak on01:09:14
françois mauriac subject the puy in mende01:09:16
gives a little conference on mauriac01:09:18
loved at drouot only one 8 takes me by01:09:19
the arm and produces a small salon or worse01:09:21
legal there and I am alone so01:09:24
I was going to take the speech when01:09:25
illegal improving it Mr. Guillon01:09:27
makes intelligence comes quite01:09:28
naturally because he knew what01:09:30
then I said added yes it would not01:09:32
interest me much you tell me01:09:33
what you think the international situation01:09:36
I swear to you that I 'I will never forget01:09:38
what he said to me it is you are very short01:09:39
called Gaulle was tall and taller01:09:41
than me I looked like that he told me01:09:43
I don't have a prophet the scorpions the image01:09:45
prophet01:09:46
you are at peace the French01:09:48
now because not yet the01:09:49
war if the war breaks out asked if the01:09:52
war breaks out your French army he01:09:54
did like that your friend you are she01:09:57
jumps in the air but he had said that01:09:59
your French army when I did01:10:01
me not the French army which had to01:10:04
jump in the air I don't understand very well01:10:05
it was rotten star missouri star me01:10:08
that we didn't use there drunkenness01:10:11
finally alcoholism01:10:12
it wreaked terrible havoc we01:10:14
tried to occupy as we could the01:10:15
rooms there you know we made them01:10:16
plant vegetables and roses on the01:10:18
siegfried line and who is she still01:10:20
there to say but we were mobilized in01:10:21
teams came back to the aid of the pole01:10:23
rima was missed in paris is crushed01:10:24
so happy when at home when we01:10:26
sent them on leave to multiply01:10:28
the leaves because of a01:10:29
demographic concern you understand then they01:10:31
came back from the leave a little01:10:32
exhausted and above all they came back full01:10:34
of alcohol then general ruby himself01:10:36
will say in a book yet very01:10:37
respectful after the war we01:10:39
were obliged to establish in the01:10:40
main marshalling yards rooms for01:10:42
use room 2 for use by01:10:45
the French army01:10:47
on the other hand the French were01:10:48
still amazed at what happened to them01:10:50
because almost always when a01:10:53
battalion took over from another01:10:54
battalion abroad French three01:10:57
four hours later maximum rose01:10:58
from the German trenches welcome to the 3rd01:11:00
battalion of the 50th region lady north the01:11:02
foundry the Germans01:11:04
immediately knew what was happening in the01:11:05
French islands better still on the line of the Rhine salehi01:11:09
of the kidneys the French and the Germans01:11:10
are separated by their breasts of01:11:12
fraternizations it is authorized by01:11:15
quite a few French files the orders to the Germans came we01:11:17
tightened the hand it gave read01:11:19
only France has01:11:20
Hitler's speeches October 6 speech where Hitler01:11:23
said but I have nothing with01:11:24
France I will never start a station01:11:25
with hunger and butterflies falling01:11:27
from a German plane which carried no01:11:28
bomb but simply butterflies on01:11:29
the French lines say in French01:11:31
we are deceiving you it is the English01:11:33
including the Jews who launched you into01:11:35
this war but we will01:11:36
never shoot the first 10 alien01:11:37
I imagined the state of mind of the French soldiers01:11:41
I add a very small detail01:11:42
another man is very interesting it01:11:44
was confirmed to me I them in the01:11:45
book of fontvieille astier the French01:11:47
in the great war and I had a01:11:48
direct witness it was the01:11:51
French soldiers were there on the edge of01:11:52
Switzerland towards Basel and soldiers were very01:11:55
surprised to see whole trains of bauxite coming from France01:11:58
and crossing the border to01:12:00
Germany. They01:12:03
were quickly told by the01:12:04
Swiss customs officers that it was01:12:05
bauxite which came from the south of France01:12:07
in the middle of the war and that they were going to01:12:09
supply German industry on01:12:11
the other side so that gave them a01:12:13
funny idea what are we doing01:12:14
there so we're going to do it because it's01:12:15
the pipe while industrialists or01:12:16
1000 people from the mines trying to01:12:18
make money by arming01:12:20
the Allmend so it's not very01:12:22
surprising what's going to happen Disney01:12:23
forgot to tell you I'm everywhere01:12:25
preaching no, not submission that01:12:28
put in prison but who passed by01:12:30
did it I am everywhere and is subscribed01:12:34
to the soldier's home by a01:12:36
considerable number of French officers the01:12:38
French objects estimated that it is the01:12:39
best newspaper for the morale of the01:12:41
soldiers so much so that the homes of the soldier01:12:43
already had 300 subscriptions and I'm everywhere01:12:45
and there were three hundred more that01:12:46
were planned for the second half of01:12:48
the year 1940 when the May 10, 1940 attack Hitler01:12:52
knew how he was going to do this01:12:55
plan was pretty awesome and he felt that01:12:57
it is hitler that he is conceived he will01:13:01
throw himself on luxembourg austria01:13:03
luxembourg or holland and belgium01:13:05
immediately belgium and in attack01:13:07
and calls for help from the franco english01:13:08
the english will disembark the french01:13:10
will make a movement01:13:11
c 'that is to say that the troops part01:13:13
of the tops which is from the Maginot lines is worth01:13:14
taking out the Hinault images and will01:13:15
go back towards the north through01:13:17
Belgian territory to try to01:13:19
resist towards Dinan towards Liège an01:13:21
old one it is not possible it' is already01:13:22
removed but on a line maybe01:13:25
you around Dinan01:13:27
therefore the French front will be01:13:29
shifted 101:13:30
there will be in the region of Sedan the01:13:32
hinge starting from Sedan on the south side01:13:35
the Maginot line the package does not move01:13:37
then on the other side from01:13:38
the hinge of the sedan it is a myth01:13:40
that they move stopped going to launch01:13:42
an offensive on this hinge of the01:13:45
sedan while pretending to01:13:47
continue to advance he leaves on the man01:13:48
he attacks from the side of the Anglo Belgian01:13:50
so the French are going to send as01:13:52
many troops as possible to01:13:53
Belgium is he who is going to break the01:13:55
system at Sedan to go and take01:13:57
part the South East is going to like it closed in01:13:59
a trap and will lead as you know to01:14:00
a third party the very fault that I01:14:02
give you a very little known detail which01:14:04
always in the famous the cliff in01:14:06
investigation so revealing and no one01:14:08
reads who was responsible for the01:14:10
sedan sector a certain general 26 war01:14:12
I had the honor of being received at his01:14:14
table when he commanded the forces of the01:14:15
Levant I had given a conference in01:14:17
Beirut in 1938 a gypsy and01:14:20
responsible Pierre Taittinger former01:14:23
head of the Patriotic Youth therefore an01:14:25
unsuspected Frenchman who was a deputy01:14:28
and who was a member of the01:14:29
defense commission national had obtained01:14:31
authorization he had asked to carry out01:14:33
an inspection on the front a deputy01:14:34
always has the right to carry out an01:14:35
inspection he had previously gone to the01:14:37
sedan region and on March 8, 1940 he01:14:40
had submitted his report to gamelin01:14:42
supreme leader of French forces to say01:14:44
what he had seen in the region of01:14:45
Sedan did not suspect that it was going to be01:14:47
the most vulnerable region and he had01:14:48
said I must point out to you my01:14:51
general that the fortifications in the01:14:53
region of those of which he is insufficient01:14:55
to say that they are rudimentary01:14:57
it must be said that they are embryonic01:14:58
said Mr. Stage Gamelin receives his01:15:02
dispatch naturally this01:15:04
serious warning this hurtful remark and seek01:15:06
mg the response of a war psychologist who is01:15:08
in the Annecy Garros file and01:15:10
politics this civilian who gets involved in this01:15:12
caviar of not there is nothing to modify01:15:14
in the French defensive system in01:15:16
the addition of those from below this is however01:15:17
where the French device in effect01:15:19
shattered adding if you want01:15:21
that the poor French soldiers did01:15:23
not know what it was that was01:15:24
shooting at the French general staff01:15:26
should have known since the games in any case01:15:28
had already worked in Spain had01:15:30
practiced and had just worked in01:15:32
September in Poland and that we could01:15:34
perhaps have accustomed the01:15:36
French recruits to hiding when01:15:38
planes came swooping from the sky in a01:15:40
terrible twist so there the01:15:42
charges were not big rocket not01:15:43
many gains you are not many people01:15:45
terrified me that's there the first01:15:47
French line will be frightened and I understand them01:15:49
by this new form of war01:15:52
panic01:15:53
what boom when explainable01:15:55
much less explainable01:15:56
is that the 55th01:15:58
71st divisions which are 10 km01:16:01
back which are not engaged will01:16:03
also dissolve and challenge each other its01:16:07
divisions melt the officers of the rest01:16:09
without wind quantities of officers01:16:11
seize cars either a car01:16:12
billion or cars of civilians01:16:13
when the soldiers and disappear01:16:15
into nature the pay at the 55th01:16:17
relationship 13th fled to Reims01:16:20
is to tell you that the French fund01:16:21
no longer exists in 48 hours there are no more01:16:23
French killed from montherlant who01:16:25
were going to tell about a soc 6 June 201:16:28
I have seen withdrawal order signed01:16:30
signature so legible and which is01:16:32
visibly you are which was certainly01:16:33
German01:16:34
I am ready to believe that there were01:16:36
Germans disguised as French soldiers01:16:37
in our beds the same01:16:39
German soldiers who informed the enemy about01:16:40
the prison of the 37th battalion and who that01:16:43
day at the time of the offensive01:16:44
launched did everything possible to create01:16:47
panic and to obtain withdrawals01:16:48
with sickles and signatures01:16:50
here still is it that in fact these01:16:52
files01:16:53
on May 15 Paul reynaud telegraphs01:16:58
telephone to churchill and tells him he01:17:01
also they are passing in mass we01:17:03
are lost on tille does not want to01:17:05
panic at this point edit we must already01:17:08
rush to paris tomorrow he arrives on01:17:10
June 16 May 16, 1947 but keep in mind at this01:17:14
moment there at the same time a new01:17:15
miramont lacroix is admirable the01:17:17
Germans who are doing it is the direction of01:17:18
the ens their tanks buttocks of market in01:17:20
Paris and gamelin have just said I no01:17:22
longer guarantee the security of Paris and01:17:24
instead of aiming by and here they are01:17:26
leaving towards the west we do not01:17:27
immediately understand the skill of their01:17:28
approaches which you have already understood I01:17:30
told him they will advance until01:17:32
the sleeve is enclosed in a large01:17:33
net what in a trap the troops01:17:35
franco-english from the north for the moment01:17:37
paris freed from an immediate threat01:17:39
so we breathe a little bit and believing we are01:17:41
doing well but i played a question mark01:17:44
believing we are doing well paul reynaud this01:17:48
may 16 addresses marshal petain01:17:50
she him request to come and take part01:17:52
in the government last part of my01:17:55
presentation01:17:56
I lived like all French people from 4001:17:59
in the idea that Marshal Pétain is the head of01:18:01
a very old man who had01:18:02
never dealt with politics and who saw01:18:04
his country threatened put his person at01:18:06
the disposal of France I donated01:18:08
my person at the end on the other hand01:18:10
if there were connections with Mr.01:18:11
Laval it was necessary he knew01:18:13
nothing about politics and this Mr. Laval01:18:15
happened to be in Bordeaux in01:18:18
June when the government will01:18:19
take refuge there that is where Marshal Pétain will01:18:21
take what is found from Mr.01:18:22
Vase who puts himself at his disposal01:18:24
all this is a false idea Marshal01:18:27
Pétain is a man who makes01:18:28
politics and the most01:18:29
precise policy since 1934 tokens marshal01:18:33
petain had been twice already alone01:18:35
the iscid between governments when the01:18:37
war was declared in september01:18:38
daladier tried to do what01:18:40
viviani had done in august 1914 recall01:18:44
france enters the war by trying 1401:18:46
it is the left which is in power to01:18:47
show that it is a national union and01:18:49
that all of France I beat Viviani01:18:51
had constituted a government where01:18:53
representatives of the01:18:55
right itself will soon enter this Catholic right01:18:57
which does not was no longer in power of 10 since01:18:58
1876 and who returns from the remainder of life in01:19:02
1914 finally national union l'aladi essay01:19:05
of the same thing at that time01:19:06
marshal petain is ambassador in madrid01:19:08
daladier sends him a telegram01:19:10
saying we very much wish the01:19:11
presence of a man of your prestige01:19:12
in the French war government01:19:14
and is a very good no second request01:19:18
to Pétain in January 240 come it is01:19:21
important you are the answer we on01:19:24
May 16 when for the third time01:19:26
been summoned he said to his son01:19:28
reminds Captain Goodman whose01:19:30
private notebook late diary was published01:19:32
in 1955 he says that the war can be01:19:34
considered lost01:19:36
I accept it is a measure to the extent to which the01:19:38
war can be considered lost01:19:40
that you are of a very serious wind to01:19:42
do what about internal politics01:19:44
this internal policy he had01:19:46
not stopped doing it from 23401:19:47
until 34 he had not taken care of01:19:49
politics and suddenly on February 7, 3401:19:52
the next day the terrible adventure that01:19:56
Doumergue responded to us just now who takes power01:19:57
I typed the Pétain it is curious to01:20:00
call to call on a01:20:02
soldier he had rejected01:20:03
internal politics and in 34 France had been01:20:06
threatened we understand well that we01:20:07
call on him01:20:08
no it's an internal affair01:20:09
why do we call on Pétain because01:20:12
12 merckx had already made the only01:20:14
presence of Pétain at the ministry01:20:15
would calm the leagues Félix anthem to 10001:20:18
that they had announced that they were going to01:20:19
have another even more violent day01:20:20
on the 7th that 601:20:22
selig will no longer do anything because they01:20:24
have a friend in the person of Marshal01:20:26
Pétain at the point01:20:27
it is therefore in their capacity as representative of01:20:29
the right in their capacity as 'man well seen in the01:20:32
leagues that Pétain took power01:20:33
what is going to be done is in progress01:20:35
what is going to be done or almost nothing01:20:37
you know because nothing he is going to do first of01:20:38
all that does not concern him by01:20:40
doing something which is not at01:20:41
all correct it seems a minister01:20:43
never has to worry about what01:20:44
another minister does who is sovereign in this01:20:46
department or Pétain will send two notes of notes01:20:49
in his hand to the Minister of National Education01:20:52
it was still called01:20:53
public education in that name to tell him that01:20:55
you remind him of his attention to what is01:20:56
happening in French education with01:20:58
what is involved and what teachers in01:21:01
particular teachers who are involved in01:21:03
know very little that they teach01:21:04
very bad ideas to young01:21:05
French people I ask you to closely monitor01:21:07
the institutes01:21:08
it was one that does that and secondly01:21:10
not play on a third was01:21:11
replaced Cheron by the town halls was01:21:14
not important but it which is very important is that later everything01:21:16
fell from the wood it did not fall the01:21:19
dead stocks did not really know everywhere was01:21:21
killed almost by mistake on October 9,01:21:24
193401:21:26
when he had received the king of01:21:28
Yugoslavia Alexander I who was coming01:21:30
on an official visit to Marseille a01:21:32
terrorist and Yugoslavs had shot01:21:34
at Alexandre the first who had been01:21:36
killed but everywhere who was next to him in01:21:37
the car had received two bullets01:21:39
he was not treated early enough and the01:21:41
unfortunate man everywhere and my was to01:21:42
replace who was going to put everything01:21:44
in foreign affairs it was today01:21:46
that Marshal Pétain who took little01:21:48
part in ministerial conversations01:21:49
stood up to say there is only one01:21:51
obvious name for foreign affairs.01:21:53
is Laval you should therefore know that01:21:56
October 14, 193401:21:59
when Laval arrives at01:22:00
foreign affairs could replace by all01:22:03
and by the express will of Pétain good01:22:06
government their turn of the refusal of the01:22:07
Doumergue government does not last01:22:08
long it falls in October01:22:10
December 3, 1934 Thursday at his 10th put back in01:22:14
his book of 1971 premier league this01:22:16
Sunday the hospital c which leaves says the01:22:17
defender01:22:18
Pétain and that he adores the season of01:22:20
himself who tells us this on December 3,01:22:22
1934 the annual banquet feast of the01:22:25
review of the two Muslim worlds this is what01:22:27
said best as a suitable review01:22:29
good there is always an annual banquet01:22:31
but this year it was particularly important because01:22:33
the guest of honor was Marshal01:22:34
Pétain01:22:35
I decorated myself not exactly01:22:37
in your from what he said said the marshal01:22:38
had come curiously not in01:22:40
marshal's outfit but in head of state outfit01:22:42
in tailcoat with the impasse white tones01:22:45
crossed out with the large cord of the legion01:22:47
of honor there were the at the the elite or from01:22:49
Paris wrote to myself, I think so, there01:22:50
was Cardinal Brady, there was Mr.01:22:51
Thiam, by the way, there was a bug ball for everything01:22:53
that was needed01:22:54
and in front of this elite association,01:22:56
Rachel Pétain made a01:22:58
political speech c 'is isorni who recognizes it01:23:00
political speech entirely centered01:23:02
on national education and saying01:23:04
it is the absolute duty of the French to01:23:06
think about what is happening among the01:23:07
teachers of the buyers so many01:23:08
French are destroying the01:23:10
sap of confronting church is on the other hand01:23:12
it is necessary that the school be a preparation01:23:14
for the barracks and that the barracks be the01:23:17
crowning of the studies this is what01:23:18
Marshal Pétain announced01:23:20
he will continue to do politics01:23:23
so much that he will even intervene in01:23:25
French foreign policy then01:23:27
who never grants interviews and that01:23:29
between the two rounds of elections of the01:23:33
ballot for the popular front between01:23:35
April 27 remembers more and him you die in the01:23:38
stomach between April and May that is to say01:23:39
between the first and second round of01:23:41
elections which will give victory to the01:23:42
mobile fund01:23:43
he grants for the first time in his01:23:45
life an interview to a daily01:23:47
called the newspaper and there he says there is01:23:50
a great danger which threatens01:23:52
French foreign policy made the01:23:54
Franco-Soviet pact and that a01:23:57
French person who cares about the attractions of01:23:58
France must not allow01:23:59
France to have the slightest contact with the01:24:02
Soviet plague so Marshal Pétain01:24:03
who when he is in power will say we01:24:06
have been beaten because we did01:24:08
not have his children the right passes01:24:10
and weapons01:24:11
and not enough allies michel pépin01:24:13
refused the Russian ally who was very ready01:24:15
to help us maj alpes and 1.20 to do even better01:24:18
he is going to try a speech for I no01:24:21
longer know which commemoration of Verdun01:24:22
I believe under Blum and Bloom will be obliged01:24:25
he had naturally asked to see01:24:26
the speech that01:24:27
Marshal Pétain had given to cut a sentence because01:24:30
in what Marshal01:24:31
Pétain meant there was a trace is curious01:24:32
while fart had once been one01:24:34
of those super patriots who say pay01:24:35
attention to Germany here in01:24:38
1936 a jury of 36 1 while01:24:41
Germany is the danger that you know01:24:42
states ask why the hands01:24:45
could not be stretch beyond the Rhine01:24:47
two peoples two old civilizations01:24:48
are made to get along01:24:50
they were not made to get along01:24:51
this work has me and suddenly now01:24:53
that it is hitler petain dares to say that01:24:55
bloom is obliged to him cut this01:24:56
paragraph anger of Beijing who refuses on01:24:59
July 14 to be alongside Bloom01:25:00
in the parade official parade voice of the01:25:04
troops on July 14 on the Champs-Elysées he01:25:06
refuses in marichal time he was01:25:08
always there of course it was there ago01:25:09
nothing more in France there are no01:25:11
blues next to them but here are01:25:13
now documents no I01:25:16
forgot one more thing before01:25:17
I forgot to tell you that they know01:25:20
Hervé who is the anti militarist01:25:22
formerly he had said you know in01:25:23
1905 it was necessary to plant the flag in01:25:25
the muck he had converted to01:25:27
nationalism in 214 and runs a01:25:29
newspaper called Victory it01:25:31
was made at the beginning 10 36 a series01:25:33
of articles which would be concluded and all01:25:35
part Pétain must take power01:25:37
we want is a tale of power and01:25:40
in one of his articles01:25:41
Hervé prophetically said Sylvie who01:25:44
will agree to shake hands that 100001:25:47
miles that the gene that Chancellor01:25:49
Hitler has been trying in vain for three01:25:51
years who is Gustave Hervé July01:25:53
April 2 April 10 36 and now here are01:25:56
the two documents that Mr. Isorni01:25:58
who knew them yet01:26:00
carefully hid in his book01:26:03
first document was revealed by the01:26:06
Americans when we were able to the01:26:08
secret archives of the LGV it turns on rhinestones01:26:09
first document and of 14 of April 1401:26:14
April 14, 1937 general von fao calls01:26:20
europe apple tree official representative01:26:22
leave them sent to franck caux01:26:25
it's in burgos well here the war01:26:27
in spain is not over you have to01:26:29
find your bio go then this April 1401:26:31
the 137 the German Ambassador Phan01:26:33
Fah Opel writing by the city of Istres01:26:34
ans said important information has just been01:26:37
communicated to me by Serrano01:26:38
Soulière who was the Minister01:26:40
of the Interior Symop falls well you01:26:41
foreign affairs make one of the01:26:42
first collaborators of franco01:26:43
you hear me a stéphane pahu peace01:26:46
the writer in the vienna stasi who says01:26:47
I hold de serrano underlined that01:26:50
currently in the clandestinity is being01:26:52
prepared in France between marshal01:26:54
Pétain and Pierre Laval the national government01:26:58
is what does the word01:26:59
national governments mean idea which01:27:01
interests general franco a lot01:27:02
his first document second document01:27:05
March 18, 38 this one was always revealed01:27:08
by archives e American paper01:27:10
seized in Italy when and Americans01:27:12
entered Rome01:27:13
published by Mr. Max Gallo in his01:27:16
1970 book what is called 5th01:27:17
conference March 14, 1938 this time it's01:27:22
Guillaume B J at 2b job and I think we01:27:25
should say god crutches and the01:27:27
Italian beast in Paris01:27:29
Mussolini's personal correspondent at Park01:27:30
Diab and at a big direct threat with01:27:33
the duce who does not think part of us01:27:34
and not by the valley 6 by the rhythm not01:27:37
by foreign affairs it goes01:27:38
directly to the duce the book produced01:27:40
reproduces the photocopy of the01:27:42
typewritten document and in the upper01:27:45
left corner there is has the m2 mussolini indicates01:27:48
years was read by the duce01:27:49
what they say is therefore this job01:27:51
and the on March 18, 38 yesterday March 17 it is01:27:56
he01:27:57
I had a very secret interview with the01:28:00
president Laval who m said that the01:28:02
preparation of his government with01:28:04
Marshal Pétain is on very good track01:28:06
there so you have two documents one01:28:08
of them 37 the other 38 indicating in the01:28:11
most formal way who had01:28:12
secret connections between Laval and01:28:14
Pétain to carry out01:28:15
internal politics and to create a national government,01:28:17
that is to say01:28:18
truly anti-socialist, know on the other01:28:20
hand that you do not have that on April 18,01:28:23
37, including a few days after the dispatch01:28:25
twice Opel 10:37 a.m.01:28:27
in a private correspondence from Pétain01:28:29
to Doumergue Pétain 17 to 12 best01:28:31
will one day be able to restore order01:28:33
on April 1, 37 of the computers no disorder in01:28:36
Paris sylla the popular front government01:28:37
being itself under orders01:28:39
to never restore order without01:28:41
sinking the blood01:28:43
ellipsis that is to say that it is necessary to make01:28:44
the sales will make it flow and finally on October 10, 3801:28:47
to one of the six former mistresses mi601:28:49
part said the American prd and 2 and Pétain01:28:52
wrote the internal policy in01:28:54
France must change on pain of death01:28:56
but the French have not yet suffered enough01:29:00
you have heard the01:29:02
French internal policy either I have on01:29:04
pain of death not when he agrees01:29:06
to come to power because he knows that01:29:07
the war is lost01:29:08
this man who publicly announced I have01:29:10
never read a single newspaper in my life01:29:12
except the French action and who will decorate01:29:15
with a golden francisque gentlemen Maurras01:29:17
with the following dedication on their01:29:19
criticisms apart from speeches or more01:29:21
French of the French01:29:22
mashal peta who knew Maurras well01:29:24
and whom he had read carefully must have01:29:26
remembered what Maurras on page 55601:29:29
of his investigation into the monarchy had01:29:31
written. Should we avoid saying to ourselves that01:29:33
the internal enemy could one day be at home?01:29:35
table and 6 faults and that we will be able to01:29:37
take advantage of a moment of stupor to01:29:40
get rid of him01:29:41
he was there the lower instance the01:29:44
French were shocked by the01:29:46
defeat we were going to be able to make the01:29:47
national revolution01:29:51
I did not finish and the things much more01:29:54
serious because I have to tell you01:29:55
that they pose before me even01:29:57
today a problem I feel01:29:59
as I would like the others but it is01:30:00
so awful that I do not dare so01:30:02
I will submit the facts to you on March 1st01:30:06
I believe in the games 10 with precision01:30:09
on March 1st 10 235 in the review of the two01:30:14
worlds peta had reached 35 March 1st 3501:30:17
in the review of requests Pétain vp01:30:18
very arctic extremely important that01:30:20
the military problems01:30:21
he had confirmed his statements on April 801:30:25
35 years of history at the war school01:30:27
speech at the war school we01:30:29
have both texts his texts01:30:31
are very beautiful we can really say01:30:33
that it is very old man was not01:30:34
ossified because the great island and the01:30:36
petain in there was to say be01:30:37
careful let's not commit in the01:30:39
next inevitable war he said do01:30:42
n't make the mistake that we01:30:43
made in 1114 we were beaten at the01:30:46
beginning of 2114 because our generals attacked01:30:48
in the war of seventy we must01:30:50
not make the next war01:30:52
war in a zone 14 everything has changed01:30:54
the styles and in particular on the01:30:56
tank side on the aviation side01:30:58
there is information such that the01:31:00
faces the next war01:31:01
will not resemble nothing in the face the war01:31:03
in the sky cats are capable01:31:05
he said of deciding the fate of a01:31:07
war 30 to the aviation01:31:08
if it is joined to the infantry to01:31:10
try to break through the defenses of two01:31:12
adversaries it can give01:31:13
unpredictable developments01:31:14
you hear it was Pétain who said that in01:31:16
March and April while a bravo or the same01:31:21
Marshal Pétain01:31:22
after having refused permission to his01:31:25
friend General Chauvineau to publish in01:31:28
1935 a certain book for which Chauvineau01:31:30
had given him the project will authorize01:31:33
not only authorized Chauvinois01:31:35
to publish his book my affairs a01:31:37
preface to this book in 1935 Pétain had01:31:40
challenged this book by General Chauvineau will01:31:43
appear in spring 39 and is called01:31:45
an invasion is it still possible01:31:47
to conclude no invasion is01:31:50
possible because the failure of the tanks is01:31:53
brilliant01:31:54
as for aviation it can have no01:31:56
role it can only monitor01:31:58
the rear Pétain prefaces a01:32:01
monstrous book which he knows it is01:32:04
monstrous since it overturns the pen01:32:06
itself had said in 1935 is however01:32:08
in 1939 he blesses his own authority01:32:11
makes the French read it to tell them01:32:13
tanks don't count aviation does01:32:15
n't count harmattan tation is01:32:17
to remind me of the sentence that I just01:32:19
told you friend 6 by 10 or October 1001:32:21
38 he says the French have not yet had01:32:22
enough touffait people would therefore come to01:32:26
conclude that Marshal Pétain himself01:32:27
wanted a military disaster for01:32:29
France in order to be able to carry out his01:32:31
policy01:32:32
which does not mean in my mind01:32:34
that he was a man monstrous he is a01:32:36
man who is fascinated by01:32:37
internal politics and who convinces himself01:32:38
that France is destroyed01:32:40
by the popular front and by social01:32:42
communism a man who says the only01:32:44
salvation of France even if you01:32:45
go through it for seven days terrible which is01:32:47
a disaster salvation of France in a01:32:49
political reversal I am going to make my own policy01:32:51
what is the policy of Maurras01:32:53
applauds God Salazar I am going to make01:32:55
this national revolution which in these very01:32:57
terms had been requested twice01:32:58
in 1936 by Mr. Cac jumps so01:33:00
candid and what is the01:33:02
national revolution01:33:03
it is the application of the ideas of Maurras01:33:05
so we will see in fact who will01:33:07
quickly obtain from Germany this01:33:09
armistice which fulfills wishes01:33:11
of Hitler not what is now a01:33:12
French government on a small01:33:14
part of France which will carry out the01:33:16
policy of the occupier what01:33:18
could not obtain elsewhere was in all01:33:19
the other nations which occupied it the01:33:21
governments are gone outside01:33:22
lalande and outside lisa the Belgians01:33:25
are outside the Yugoslavs Monday01:33:27
51 are outside01:33:28
the Polish government is01:33:29
outside only French government01:33:32
thanks to Marshal Pétain will stay there01:33:33
to do it himself the policy of01:33:35
the enemy what a prodigious advantage 10 and01:33:37
Hitler himself he says but he01:33:38
spares us 15 Pétain division by putting himself01:33:40
at my disposal01:33:41
good then it is armistice effect it is01:33:44
now a question of overthrowing the01:33:45
republic we will do it thanks to Mr.01:33:46
Avap Laval arrived in Bordeaux where01:33:49
I was where I saw every day01:33:50
working from June 1501:33:52
we will obtain that the chamber itself01:33:55
accepts that full powers be given01:33:58
to Mazel Pétain full power to make01:33:59
a new constitution01:34:00
then it is the dismissal of the president this01:34:02
goal and that they unfortunate lebrun01:34:04
although they are never announced as01:34:05
resigning will practically01:34:07
resign since marshal petain01:34:09
on July 10, 1940 we decide to make a01:34:12
new constitution that I will organize01:34:14
wac he says we Philippe Pétain Marshal01:34:16
of France using a term of01:34:18
monarchy and as behind these conclusions01:34:21
last form of details that I am going to01:34:24
bring you it is a sentence that I01:34:25
find extremely enlightening that01:34:27
Mr. René Benjamin faithful disciple01:34:29
of the Marshal relates to us with01:34:31
compunction he says I I heard the01:34:32
marshal say about your memoirs of the 141st01:34:35
succession regime in France was01:34:38
much more serious than the defeat,01:34:40
there you go, sir, lady, I have finished my little01:34:42
demonstration01:34:43
[Applause]01:34:46
[Music]01:34:48
[Applause] [Music]01:34:50
[Applause]Description:
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