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морфологическая норма

культура речи

00:00:04

good afternoon, we continue to study the norms of the

00:00:07

Russian literary language

00:00:09

and the topic of today's video lesson is the

00:00:12

morphological

00:00:13

norm, morphological errors arise

00:00:16

when literary

00:00:19

norms are violated, the form of formation of words of different

00:00:21

parts of speech,

00:00:23

today we will look at those errors that

00:00:26

you are likely to encounter in

00:00:28

exam tasks, we will begin in

00:00:31

nouns, determining the gender of

00:00:33

nouns causes difficulties for

00:00:35

many applicants so that you do not make

00:00:38

mistakes like in the exam of such life, I

00:00:41

will give you an example and words that you need to

00:00:44

remember

00:00:45

and also teach you how to use one very

00:00:48

useful algorithm, remember that the words of

00:00:51

banknotes jackboot hall curtain myrtle shoulder strap

00:00:56

salpe

00:00:57

rail sanatorium tulle shampoo belongs to the

00:01:01

masculine gender,

00:01:02

for example the old

00:01:07

hymnal expensive shampoo transparent tulle

00:01:20

but the nouns sideburns

00:01:22

banderole

00:01:23

vermicelli veil bunch cataract callus reserved seat

00:01:27

overcoat is feminine

00:01:31

remember an example in combination with one

00:01:37

of these nouns for example

00:01:39

sore callus let's give another example

00:01:44

soiled overcoat light veil

00:01:51

to accurately determine the gender of

00:01:54

indeclinable nouns

00:01:56

use Using the following algorithm,

00:01:59

look at what the given word means:

00:02:03

if it denotes an inanimate

00:02:06

object,

00:02:07

then as a rule such a word unmistakably

00:02:10

belongs to the neuter gender,

00:02:14

for example, a minibus and another example, a

00:02:19

summer cafe,

00:02:22

if indeclinable nouns

00:02:25

denote a male or female person,

00:02:30

then, accordingly, it belongs to the

00:02:32

masculine or feminine gender,

00:02:35

that is According to Attaché Rentier

00:02:40

Messi, the gender is masculine because they call

00:02:44

male persons, but the words of Lady Madame

00:02:50

Frau will be feminine, if your

00:02:56

word denotes an animate object, but

00:03:00

in addition to persons, that is, it denotes animal

00:03:03

birds,

00:03:04

then it refers to the masculine gender,

00:03:09

for example,

00:03:12

kangaroo chimpanzee cockatoo

00:03:17

flamingo but a number of words falling under this

00:03:21

category, let's say it will refer to the

00:03:24

feminine gender, I mean

00:03:27

the words cc this us a fly, but this word

00:03:32

refers to the feminine gender,

00:03:33

and in the

00:03:36

axis

00:03:37

fish, remember this algorithm and determining the

00:03:41

gender of indeclinable

00:03:42

nouns will not be difficult for you

00:03:45

often applicants make mistakes

00:03:47

in the use of endings of

00:03:49

nouns in the genitive

00:03:51

plural form will remember the

00:03:54

zero ending

00:03:56

has the following nouns which

00:03:59

denotes a separate nationality whose

00:04:03

stem in most cases ends

00:04:06

in Nrk example Armenians Turks Gypsies heads

00:04:11

circles

00:04:12

Ossetians also the name of military groups and

00:04:16

troops hussars dragoons bulan partisans

00:04:21

midshipman another name some units

00:04:25

of measurement in from ampere volts we continue

00:04:30

the list of some nouns that

00:04:32

have only a plural form

00:04:35

for example splash vacation to such twilight

00:04:40

chess sprat the name of paired objects

00:04:44

here is a boot moccasin boot cat stocking

00:04:49

golf but socks a feminine noun for the

00:04:54

day

00:04:56

writes towers read put bell towers

00:05:01

neuter noun on a

00:05:04

platter hooves towels Adia persons

00:05:08

mirrors but the Germans swamps okontsev here

00:05:14

the end of

00:05:15

ye've the end of has the name of many

00:05:20

over analties Kalmyks Kirghiz Mongols Teutons

00:05:24

Yakuts Croats the name of

00:05:27

some military

00:05:29

groups and troops of recruits escorts sappers

00:05:33

miners some names of units of

00:05:37

measurement centners kilograms grams

00:05:41

pounds some names of vegetables and

00:05:45

fruits bananas oranges tomatoes

00:05:48

lemons tangerines nuts but pomegranate

00:05:53

apples some and nouns

00:05:55

that have only the

00:05:57

plural form debates frosts

00:06:02

chimes clearings ending and it has

00:06:06

words whose stem ends with

00:06:08

two or three

00:06:10

consonants for example delirious nostrils

00:06:13

strife Chukchi and also the words mezzanine

00:06:17

list dumbbells gusli

00:06:20

wilds trap churn chukar extra

00:06:26

palms targets beds fathoms and hypocrites

00:06:30

and also remember what ending a

00:06:34

for and has a number of nouns in the nominative plural form

00:06:39

with the ending a

00:06:44

the addresses of the shore sides of the fan bills of the city of the

00:06:50

director of the doctor's chute pearl

00:06:55

boats fatty feed camps are used, that is,

00:06:59

children's numbers of

00:07:01

the district islands vacations sails passports

00:07:06

chefs professors

00:07:08

varieties haystacks watchmen accounts poplars

00:07:13

farms workshops anchors

00:07:16

ending and and

00:07:18

have the following nouns

00:07:21

pharmacists

00:07:23

architects airports accountants watchmen

00:07:27

winds age and coat of arms and jumpers

00:07:32

contracts

00:07:33

engineers camp that is, groups

00:07:36

lecturers proofreaders

00:07:38

officers port and editors auditors

00:07:42

rectors sector and carpenters

00:07:45

cakes trainers quintals drivers hawks I

00:07:50

draw your attention to the fact that

00:07:53

actually nouns that

00:07:56

denote surnames

00:07:58

na and mvf in the form of the instrumental case

00:08:02

have endings

00:08:04

they for example meet with Rostov but in

00:08:11

the names of settlements with off and as

00:08:15

well as in foreign surnames na and

00:08:19

about the form of the instrumental case the

00:08:21

ending is used for example, he is near

00:08:26

the city, once the top example with foreign

00:08:31

Amelia, agree with Darwin and another

00:08:36

example, a film with Chaplin, quite often

00:08:41

you can find

00:08:42

errors in the use of verbs, they are

00:08:45

associated with the presence of options that are

00:08:48

acceptable in colloquial speech and are in no way

00:08:53

acceptable in his literary language, now

00:08:56

a sign will appear that will help you

00:08:58

remember only the correct forms of

00:09:01

using verbs remember the contents

00:09:04

in the left column correctly speak like this you take care you

00:09:09

bake you guard you are carried away you are forbidden you cut you push you cut your hair is frozen

00:09:14

dried up

00:09:19

against your health you will

00:09:24

recover you will recover sickened and the posts only get

00:09:29

cold disgusted and you will stretch out disgusted

00:09:34

to catch a fish put your hands on the table

00:09:38

put your notebooks in the folder lie down lie

00:09:42

down, lie down

00:09:44

and no ones sitting there waiting dragging leak out

00:09:49

bake style let's go freeze dry squeezed

00:09:53

get well you'll

00:09:56

get well but in style and posts only

00:09:59

an apostille from and against whether a wipe and

00:10:02

go through the view with catch a fish put your

00:10:06

hands on the table

00:10:07

lie down notebooks in a folder just lie down when

00:10:11

lie down never so don’t say so, let’s turn to

00:10:14

errors in the formation of the form of degrees of

00:10:18

comparison of adjectives and adverbs, as well

00:10:20

as in the formation of short forms of

00:10:22

adjectives, the

00:10:24

first error is not more common,

00:10:28

it is a confusion of elements of simple and

00:10:31

compound forms of comparative and

00:10:34

superlative degrees comparison of what I’m

00:10:37

talking about is about such examples to speak

00:10:41

more decisively most more responsible the

00:10:45

kindest to speak more confidently

00:10:49

incorrectly but correctly this is how more

00:10:52

decisive the most responsible the

00:10:58

kindest and to speak more confidently the

00:11:02

formation of forms of degrees of comparison from

00:11:05

relative adjectives is a

00:11:07

gross mistake it is incorrect to say

00:11:11

more north wind more spring day it

00:11:14

is appropriate to use so north wind

00:11:19

spring day and remember the following nuance

00:11:24

relatively the formation of short forms of

00:11:26

adjectives

00:11:27

if in the full form the stress falls on

00:11:31

geniy for example the word perfect then

00:11:37

in the short form we will write genin

00:11:41

perfect this is our

00:11:44

tail but if in the full form

00:11:48

the stress does not fall on foamy for example

00:11:52

numerous then in the short form we

00:11:58

use

00:11:59

yen numerous, but in this point there is no

00:12:06

exception of the word

00:12:09

timely and does not obey this

00:12:14

rule and in a short form

00:12:15

is used with the ending and

00:12:18

ends with we are going our time,

00:12:23

remember this word, applicants often

00:12:27

make mistakes in the use of

00:12:29

numerals,

00:12:30

so let’s start with the main points of

00:12:34

using

00:12:35

collective numerals, the first nuance Let's

00:12:40

remember this formula:

00:12:44

the numeral both is used with

00:12:50

masculine and neuter nouns,

00:12:52

for example,

00:13:02

both friends, both windows, but the

00:13:07

collective numeral

00:13:10

both is used only with

00:13:14

feminine nouns, for example, both books, I hope

00:13:21

you remember that collective

00:13:22

numerals are not used with all

00:13:25

nouns, but only

00:13:27

with some Right now, let's

00:13:29

look at collective numerals, which are

00:13:33

used by nouns that

00:13:35

denote male persons, for example,

00:13:39

two soldiers, also with

00:13:43

nouns, children,

00:13:45

guys, people, faces, three

00:13:50

unfamiliar faces, let's go further, the collective

00:13:54

numeral is used with

00:13:56

nouns that only have a

00:13:59

plural form, for example,

00:14:02

four sleighs, and collective

00:14:06

numerals are also friends with personal

00:14:08

pronouns

00:14:09

we in they if they point to

00:14:13

males, for example, they asked the

00:14:18

two of us to say so much about themselves

00:14:21

guys

00:14:22

are filled in, but girls cannot

00:14:25

use this phrase in relation to themselves; they cannot

00:14:27

appropriately use collective

00:14:29

numerals in together with adjectives

00:14:32

and participles that have become

00:14:35

nouns, for example three passers-by

00:14:40

carefully study these points; often, in

00:14:43

exam tasks, mistakes may be made

00:14:45

in the declension of

00:14:47

numerals,

00:14:48

so let’s remember the

00:14:51

basic patterns of declension of

00:14:54

numerals; let’s

00:14:55

start with this point; in cardinal

00:14:58

numerals,

00:14:59

all roots and words are declined, for example,

00:15:05

nominative case

00:15:09

7075

00:15:12

genitive case correctly use

00:15:16

these words like this

00:15:18

70 and accordingly 75 we go further than

00:15:24

complex and compound ordinal

00:15:26

numbers only the last

00:15:29

words are declined as you see nominative support

00:15:34

2016

00:15:36

genitive support 2016

00:15:40

dative case 2016 we come with a

00:15:47

detailed numeral remember that

00:15:51

fractional numerals are declined both

00:15:54

words let's

00:15:55

look at the example of the fraction seven-eighths

00:15:59

parents are closer to it will sound like

00:16:03

seven-eighths and in the dative

00:16:08

7 8 the numerals one and a half one and a half

00:16:14

hundred

00:16:15

have only two forms of declension in the

00:16:19

suspicious and accusative cases they

00:16:22

coincide exactly one and a half one and a half

00:16:25

hundred in all other cases

00:16:27

they are one and a half and one and a half hundred

00:16:31

numerals 40 90100 also has only

00:16:35

two forms of declension in the nominative and

00:16:38

accusative cases

00:16:40

they sound like 4090 which is in all

00:16:43

other cases 40 90

00:16:46

100 sometimes you can find errors in the

00:16:50

use of pronouns

00:16:51

if you see a pronoun in the text for the assignment, be

00:16:55

sure to check the

00:16:57

first one in the correct way, for example, it is used in the right way,

00:17:02

for example, call them like this,

00:17:06

it is wrong

00:17:09

to call someone like this you need to

00:17:13

use the following pay attention to

00:17:18

whether there is an added letter n in the indirect

00:17:22

cases of pronouns he she she they after

00:17:27

non-derivative prepositions for example

00:17:30

spinning with her this is an erroneous option for

00:17:34

the use of pronouns it is correct to

00:17:37

say spinning with her say like this

00:17:43

but not like that and check

00:17:47

if such a pronoun exists at all for

00:17:51

example, they are not textbooks, you can’t

00:17:54

say no such a pronoun,

00:17:58

it’s correct to say their textbooks none of

00:18:04

them your speech, what today you received

00:18:07

a lot of information, I hope that this is

00:18:12

not the first time you have heard this, so it will be

00:18:15

easier for you to master all the material, and now, according to

00:18:18

tradition, put on a video pause,

00:18:20

complete the test and later we will check the

00:18:23

correct answers

00:18:24

just don’t peek in the first

00:18:27

example a mistake was made the

00:18:30

declension form of a compound

00:18:33

ordinal number was chosen incorrectly

00:18:36

in 2019 in the second example there is no mistake

00:18:42

because you put the literary version of

00:18:45

the verb in the third example a

00:18:49

mistake was made the

00:18:51

plural form was chosen incorrectly genitive case of

00:18:54

the noun

00:18:55

correctly a plate of cherries in the fourth

00:19:00

example an error was made the wrong

00:19:03

form of the genitive case of a

00:19:05

compound cardinal number was chosen

00:19:08

correctly from 740 subtract 10 in the fifth

00:19:15

example there is no error the pronoun him is worth the

00:19:19

form and instrumental case and there is an

00:19:21

added

00:19:22

v.n. after the non-derivative preposition

00:19:26

suspension we write down paragraphs 25 even more

00:19:30

tasks pinay holds practice

00:19:32

tests for the lesson I will

00:19:33

definitely complete them next time

00:19:37

we will talk about syntactic norms

00:19:40

thank you for your work and see you soon and

Description:

Все правила из ЦТ по русскому языку здесь. Смотри обязательно по порядку, чтобы избежать обидных ошибок на ЦТ 2019! Больше уроков ищи тут: https://adukar.com/by/courses/russkij-yazyk-bazovyj Ещё много полезного в нашей группе: https://m.vk.com/adukar Последние новости ЦТ на нашем сайте: https://adukar.com/by/

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