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Russian
00:00:05
they were helped along the way by a very simple logic.
A problem is an opportunity in disguise.00:00:12
Take, for example, a shortage of freshwater,
which has provided Israel with an opportunity00:00:17
to advertise worldwide their innovative
capillary irrigation system.00:00:22
In the 21st century, Vladimir Putin
has offered Russians the reverse logic.00:00:26
If I see an opportunity, I’m going
to create a problem out of it.00:00:30
Take, for example, unfathomable natural riches.00:00:33
That is a clear path to turning Russia
into a land as cozy and livable as Norway.00:00:37
Just bigger, better, and, in some areas, a lot warmer.00:00:41
However, in 23 years of Putin’s grip on power,00:00:44
a country with enormous resources
has turned into a figure of the resource curse.00:00:50
Russia’s inhabitants are a paragon of angelic patience, especially
after all the revolutions and turmoil they had to go through.00:00:58
People like that would have given any reasonable
government a blank check to run aggressive reforms00:01:03
and undertake countrywide changes.00:01:05
However, Putin’s government has for many years been
turning Russian patience against Russians themselves,00:01:11
making a total mockery out of people.00:01:15
Yet another fundamental advantage
of Russia is its victory in World War II.00:01:19
There were more than a dozen Soviet
countries fighting against the Axis forces.00:01:24
However, after the collapse of the USSR,
it was Russia that inherited all the victor’s spoils.00:01:31
It gained clout, a special place in the global relations system, and
a permanent seat on the UN Security Council with the veto power.00:01:39
Thanks to the heroism and sacrifice of millions of Russian
citizens, even a predatory state like Stalin’s USSR ended up00:01:48
on the right side of history.00:01:50
The fact that a state that was
oppressing and exterminating its people,00:01:55
took the side of Good and was victorious
isn’t something to be taken for granted.00:02:00
It’s a result of the superhuman acts of our grandparents.00:02:05
But even that historical advantage of our state was somehow
turned by a retired intelligence officer into a large-scale problem.00:02:13
Putin’s government decided that might makes right,
and they can attack a neighboring country, destroy its cities,00:02:20
wage a savage, aggressive, and,
by the looks of it, losing fight.00:02:27
Let’s talk about how Putin has managed to turn the
Great Victory into our such a profound disgrace.00:02:33
JANUARY 2700:02:38
The topic of today’s video is no accident.00:02:40
Just a couple of days ago, January 27 marked
both International Holocaust Remembrance Day00:02:46
and the date of the complete liberation
of Leningrad from Nazi Germany’s siege.00:02:50
Just ahead of this memorable date, we released a large
documentary about the Siege of Leningrad on our channel.00:02:56
I highly recommend watching it if you haven’t already.00:02:58
Out of 10,000 commenters,
about half ask the same question.00:03:04
My viewers are asking how it is possible for a country
that braved the Siege of Leningrad to have done something00:03:09
very similar to Mariupol.00:03:11
How is it possible for the army of this country to strive to leave
millions of civilians without heat, light, water, or sewage?00:03:21
Almost every other reply to our
documentary echoes this baffling rumination.00:03:27
Here’s an interesting take from one
of the commenters. Let me read it to you.00:03:34
“Everyone’s asking, How could we
get to this point given such social memory?00:03:39
The problem is that there’s no memory.00:03:41
There is an attempt to cash in on that victory, propaganda,
and militaristic sentiment. It’s anything but memory.00:03:46
We have no idea how to talk about the war.00:03:48
Human misery isn’t discussed during history lessons at school —
only statistics, key maps with dates of important battles on them.00:03:55
It’s no different on TV when it
comes to the Great Patriotic War;00:03:58
the government is distorting the
perception of this chapter of our history.00:04:02
Tanks, jets, weapons, constant heroism – war appears
to be a bling of medals, and not blood and suffering.00:04:11
It’s uncommon to value people in Russia, so they are
not capable of seeing actual people, with actual drama,00:04:17
they were never taught to do that.00:04:19
That’s where the shameful
“we can do it again” attitude comes from.00:04:23
That’s where all the ugliness and dirt
is stemming from in today’s Russia.00:04:31
MILKING VICTORY00:04:36
The problem of creating political capital based
on WW2 victory is nothing new for our country.00:04:41
The first to try to monopolize the memory
of the Great Patriotic War was Joseph Stalin.00:04:47
According to the official version, victory over Nazi Germany was
achieved solely thanks to the prowess of the great leader.00:04:55
The “Marshal of Victory” Georgy Zhukov during the
Victory Day parade in 1945 had to read off the script:00:05:01
“We have won because we were led to victory by our great leader
and maverick commander, Marshal of the USSR, Stalin!”00:05:13
Stalin’s regime found its own
way to handle the memory of the war.00:05:18
In 1949, the Museum of the Siege in Leningrad
was shut down and then destroyed. It had 26 halls.00:05:27
Survivors of the siege were bringing
original objects and documents there.00:05:31
Artists created full-scale dioramas immersing
visitors into the atmosphere of the siege.00:05:38
In 1945, the museum was visited by the American four-star
general and future president of the U.S. Dwight Eisenhower.00:05:45
He left his comments in the review book, calling the exposition
“the most remarkable military exhibition I’ve ever seen.”00:05:55
The Museum of the Siege was open for five years only.
The exposition was destroyed, and employees were repressed.00:06:04
Why, you’d ask?00:06:05
First, it was the early stage in the
investigation of the so-called Leningrad Case,00:06:09
and purges started in Leningrad’s party leadership.00:06:12
Second, Kremlin decided that Leningraders
were “flaunting their part in the war way too much.”00:06:20
And that went against the official narrative that the victory was
achieved thanks to the great leader’s military genius.00:06:28
As a result, there was no siege museum in Leningrad for 40 years.
There was no institution to preserve the memory of that tragedy.00:06:39
After Stalin’s death, two writers,
Daniil Granin and Ales Adamovich,00:06:43
were recording memories of siege survivors without any
support from the government, fueled by pure enthusiasm.00:06:50
And their Book of the Siege was
banned for publication for several years.00:06:55
Israel has the Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum,
opened in 1953, which is painstakingly studying the history00:07:03
of the thousands of places of mass extermination of Jews.00:07:07
Astonishingly, it seeks to find each victim’s name.00:07:11
We, on the other hand, don’t know even a rough estimate
of the Siege death toll. It ranges from 700,000 to 1.5 million.00:07:19
There was even less awareness of the Holocaust in our country,
which was the most gruesome on the occupied territory00:07:26
of the USSR.00:07:28
After the Great Patriotic War, Stalin launched
his own antisemitism campaign in the USSR.00:07:34
A seminal collection of witness accounts and
articles about the Holocaust titled The Black Book,00:07:40
which was put together by Ilya Erenburg
and Vasili Grossman, wasn’t allowed to be published.00:07:45
The original version was destroyed.00:07:47
The memory of victims and heroes was gone with it.00:07:51
It wasn’t common to talk about people who
were saving and hiding Jews during the war.00:08:04
These deficits in Soviet memory culture were
partially balanced out by millions of participants00:08:10
and contemporaries of the war who were alive.00:08:13
Early into Putin’s rule, many veterans and eyewtinesses
were still an active and plentiful part of society.00:08:21
However, as wartime generation numbers dwindled, Vladimir Putin
was appropriating more and more of the history of war and victory.00:08:29
Unlike the Soviet-time leaders, he was no longer bridled
by limitations posed by live keepers of the memory.00:08:36
There’s only a handful of them left today, and being very senior
they are way less socially active compared to yesteryear.00:08:42
That has removed all the limitations,
allowing Putin to juggle the past as he sees fit.00:08:48
An obvious conversion of Victory Day into
a country fair, turning it into a show of militarism00:08:56
and banality and into a valid reason to show off
ICBMs on Red Square is just the tip of the iceberg.00:09:04
Worse still, in Putin’s Russia, the ability
to mourn was targeted for elimination.00:09:12
The history of the war was
swapped for the history of Victory. 00:09:17
In 2019, on January 27, despite all the protests from
St. Petersburg residents, instead of a day of mourning,00:09:25
a gaudy military parade was held.00:09:28
With modern tanks, armored personnel
carriers, and multiple-launch rocket systems.00:09:33
All those weapons of war are now
active battlefield hardware in Ukraine.00:09:37
Back then, in 2019, Boris Vishnevsky, a municipal
deputy from the Yabloko political party, aptly noted:00:09:44
“Our government policy does not aim
to maintain historical memory of the siege.00:09:51
There is a very formal approach to it when city officials
are standing at Piskaryovskoye Memorial Cemetery00:09:56
in St. Petersburg with solemn faces and
talking about staying true to the memory of survivors.00:10:01
But when it comes to putting their money where
their mouth is, they begin to rank the survivors.00:10:05
Like, some were there for four months, and others were there
for three months and 20 days and are therefore disqualified00:10:12
as survivors of the Siege of Leningrad.00:10:14
They continue to turn a blind eye to property development in place
of graveyards, the way they do it on Farforovskoye Cemetery.00:10:21
They still consider survivors to
be some sort of propaganda instrument.”00:10:27
Upholders of militarizing memorial days and turning them
into a country fair come up with the following argument.00:10:33
Don’t get in the way of people’s lofty festive
mood — we’ve got a special day for mourning,00:10:41
June 22, the Day of Remembrance and Mourning.00:10:44
However, even June 22, the anniversary of the beginning
of the Great Patriotic War, has been turned into some sort00:10:51
of a miniature Victory Day by Putin’s government.00:10:53
Popular Russian historian Konstantin Pakhalyuk wrote:00:10:57
“There has been no public discussion
about the tragedy of the war.00:11:01
Instead, it is only brought
up by the opposition media.”00:11:05
When it comes to exploiting the memory, Putin’s system has
gone further than any Communist party leader ever before.00:11:10
For it, the war isn’t about tragedy
and sorrow — rather, it’s a nonstop party.00:11:15
It’s a good reason to stage
militarized shows and parades:00:11:18
on May 9, June 22, and on November
7 in Moscow, and on January 27 in St. Petersburg.00:11:25
The war itself is portrayed not as an inhumane
thing, but as a parade from Moscow to Berlin.00:11:32
Not surprisingly, a couple of years ago, Patriarch Kyrill,
either deliberately or through a slip of tongue, congratulated00:11:38
Russian people on the beginning
of the Great Patriotic War.00:11:43
Let the Lord Almighty shine His Mercy
on our Land, and People, and our Armed Forces!00:11:53
Allow me to wholeheartedly honor you
on such a solemn and yet triumphant day.00:12:01
Neglecting people's tragedies and marginalization of tragic
narratives to prioritize the fervor of victory is just half-bad.00:12:08
The picture of shamelessly using common pain and common
memory has been completed when the president born00:12:15
in 1952 decided that the
victory of 1945 is his indulgence from sin.00:12:23
Vladimir Putin is demanding gratitude and immunity
from judgment from leaders and people of other countries.00:12:30
And he puts that as if it was him together with
Soviet war heroes mounting the flag on Reichstag:00:12:38
a Three Men on Reichstag
(To Say Nothing of Putin) type of situation.00:12:42
In the year 2000, Putin headed the state, which had the privilege
to create its policy on memory from the victor’s standpoint.00:12:50
It was a great headstart compared to countries whose memory
of the war was that of the defeated or even of perpetrators.00:12:57
For Russians, the lessons of World War II were
supposed to be easier than for a Dutch or a German.00:13:04
The Netherlands was a victim in that war, whilst Germany
was an aggressor responsible for horrendous crimes.00:13:12
And instead of fitting the status, which Russia
was destined for as a rightful heir to the USSR,00:13:19
instead of being worthy of the place we took after
World War II, Vladimir Putin used all of that to fuel his00:13:28
“special military operation” with all of the moral
and political capital our country had amassed since 1945.00:13:35
Different people ran the country, but to burn
all the national dignity and the nation’s historical pride –00:13:42
he was the only one who managed to do that.00:13:45
When Putin’s war is over, all of Russia would have
to walk in the shoes of post-World War II Germans.00:13:51
We will have to learn all the necessary historical
lessons from the perpetrator standpoint this time. It hurts.00:13:57
But it will be necessary.
And not to gain favors with someone abroad.00:14:02
It needs to be done for our society to be
remedied and to continue living in normalcy.00:14:08
Does it mean that we must abandon our
memory of the Great Patriotic War and the victory?00:14:13
No, it does not. Moreover, now is the perfect
time to contemplate the actual value of that memory.00:14:19
Not as an instrument of political legitimacy,
not as an instrument of our internal or external policy,00:14:24
and not as a stand-in for a state religion.00:14:27
The memory of the war and victory
is not about parades and militarized shows —00:14:31
it’s in personal stories, which run in every family.00:14:34
We need to keep them safe and to protect them from the greasy
hands of political swashbucklers, crooks, and war criminals.00:14:42
They haven’t got exclusive rights to
our memory, both collective and familial.00:14:46
As for me, I will continue to release new episodes
of our project about World War II no matter what.00:14:52
But after this war, which is raging right
now, we will need to internalize a new role.00:14:58
We are the citizens of the country that has won the
previous big war in Europe and has started the latest one.00:15:07
We would need to remember both of those
events. We won’t need to pound our chest.00:15:13
We won’t need to beg for forgiveness.00:15:15
We will need to live on with the idea that we must do all
possible to prevent the same from happening ever again.00:15:24
See you tomorrow!Description:
В 2000 году Путин встал во главе государства, которое имело привилегию выстраивать свою политику памяти с позиции победителя в Великой Отечественной войне. Сегодня поговорим о том, как он распорядился этим преимуществом. _________________________ Поддержать канал: USDT (TRC20) TVLqmTPafduGyhBNpVhJCCJtvbqiA3ANxT USDT (ERC20) 0x0d41cc54fc089e96b3271467483d31a5e9d17940 BTC 3C4Xp9NMSsybwG1p9YENDbbuott4voPsFH ETH 0x0d41cc54fc089e96b3271467483d31a5e9d17940 Patreon (если вы не в России): https://www.patreon.com/join/maximkatz Boosty (если вы в России): https://boosty.to/max_katz Оформить спонсорство: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUGfDbfRIx51kJGGHIFo8Rw/join Paypal: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/maximkatz _________________________ Подпишись: www.youtube.com/channel/UCUGfDbfRIx51kJGGHIFo8Rw?sub_confirmation=1 Книга «История новой России | Максим Кац»: https://shop.maxkatz.ru/-p445952767 Тот самый свитер: https://shop.maxkatz.ru/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%81-%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8-p310507600 Обложки на холсте: https://shop.maxkatz.ru/ Купить книгу «100 советов мэру»: https://shop.city4people.ru/ Подкаст: https://katz.buzzsprout.com/share Подписывайтесь на мои социальные сети: Твиттер: https://twitter.com/max_katz Телеграм-канал: https://t.me/maximkatz Инстаграм: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Фейсбук: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser По вопросам рекламы пишите на [email protected] 00:00 ПРОКЛЯТИЕ ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВ 02:34 27 ЯНВАРЯ 04:32 ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИЯ ПОБЕДЫ 8:03 ПОМНИТЬ И НЕ ДАТЬ ПОВТОРИТЬ
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