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1:35

Increasing the Mesh Resolution

3:14

The Mesh Resolution

3:28

Find this Mesh Resolution

11:26

Initial Guessing

11:46

Coarse Mesh Flow Profile

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00:00:00

hello everyone it's meet you again today

00:00:03

we just want to talk about you want to

00:00:05

continue the discussion on boundary

00:00:08

layer flows so in the last video we

00:00:11

found that our velocity profile was

00:00:14

looking a little bit strange so foundry

00:00:17

layer flow we should expect that that

00:00:24

velocity outside the boundary layer is

00:00:27

pretty much uniform except in this case

00:00:30

it is not so we want to find out what's

00:00:34

wrong with our simulations whether we

00:00:36

did our boundary the boundary conditions

00:00:39

correctly or was it the case that you

00:00:43

know the mesh was not fine enough now

00:00:46

what do I mean by the mesh is not fine

00:00:48

enough I can see that in open form

00:00:51

simulation they basically solve the

00:00:54

partial differential equations by

00:00:57

discretizing the whole problem in two

00:01:01

different boxes so you can see in this

00:01:05

wireframe diagram that's being shown

00:01:08

here one of the problems that can arise

00:01:13

in simulations that these boxes are not

00:01:16

small enough so if these boxes are not

00:01:19

small enough that can result in some

00:01:23

kind of error in the calculation and

00:01:27

we'll to test if that is the problem you

00:01:31

want to see if we can make these boxes

00:01:33

smaller so that is called increasing the

00:01:37

mesh resolution it's making the

00:01:40

resolution higher and you'll see what

00:01:44

the effect is and we'll try and find out

00:01:47

if that is really the problem that we

00:01:50

have so anyway yeah we're going to

00:01:54

continue with increasing the mesh

00:01:57

resolution making the mesh slightly more

00:02:00

fine so I'm going to navigate

00:02:04

- my open phone file directory I'm going

00:02:08

to copy a flat plate case into a flat

00:02:16

tape find case okay so I'm just gonna

00:02:21

copy that over

00:02:23

so let's navigate there okay

00:02:30

so let's clean it up okay and let's

00:02:37

change the run foul okay so that when we

00:02:43

finish our flat pick simulation we will

00:02:48

have a flat plate fine dot phone output

00:02:54

file so that will be it okay now what

00:03:06

can we do let's say to increase the mesh

00:03:09

size or increase the mesh so I'm going

00:03:12

to now increase the mesh resolution so

00:03:16

I'm going to go to the system found and

00:03:18

the mesh resolution is controlled mostly

00:03:21

by the blockmeshdict file okay so where

00:03:28

can we find this mesh resolution if you

00:03:31

scroll from the top you will see this

00:03:33

thing called skill vertices and then you

00:03:36

see this blocks entry when you see this

00:03:40

blocks entry you'll see some the

00:03:43

definition of many blocks in open phone

00:03:46

in this case is just one it says hex 0 1

00:03:50

2 3 4 5 6 7 and he says 20 20 and 1 and

00:03:56

then it's a simple grading 1 1 1 now

00:04:01

what does this 2021 means it says it

00:04:05

means 20 boxes in the x-direction

00:04:08

20 boxes in the y-direction one box in

00:04:11

the Z direction and in the Z direction

00:04:14

we don't really care so it doesn't

00:04:15

really matter anyway

00:04:17

okay so first thing first I'm gonna try

00:04:23

increasing from 20 by 20 to 40 by 40 now

00:04:28

this should increase our mess mesh

00:04:31

resolution so I'm gonna save this escape

00:04:36

: WQ and I'm going to execute execute

00:04:42

the run command and we see that we have

00:04:48

some kind of error that is happening and

00:04:52

what is the error here let's let's go

00:04:58

and find out by looking at the output

00:05:03

okay button this form fatal error

00:05:08

continuity error cannot be removed by

00:05:12

adjusting the outflow please check

00:05:15

velocity boundary conditions and/or run

00:05:17

potential form to initialize the outflow

00:05:20

what does it mean well if you can

00:05:27

imagine all these boxes here on the left

00:05:32

side it is yeah on the left side it is a

00:05:37

fixed boundary condition where the

00:05:40

velocity is fixed the X velocity is

00:05:44

fixed here at the bottom it's a no slip

00:05:46

condition now if the boxes are so small

00:05:51

and then open form is going to look at

00:05:54

each of these boxes and solve them one

00:05:57

by one sometimes you'll run into let's

00:06:04

say let's open paint

00:06:08

so let's say you have one box here at

00:06:13

the bottom you have no sleep

00:06:16

a net aside you will have a fixed

00:06:21

velocity now what happens is that we

00:06:29

have many many muxes ok let's draw a

00:06:37

second one and then a right third one on

00:06:49

top and then another one here okay now

00:06:54

if you make these boxes smaller like say

00:06:58

the 40 by 40 it'll be something like

00:07:01

that and it's a very crude drawing what

00:07:07

should do the case of illustrating no if

00:07:13

let's say you have this box here the

00:07:16

open phones gonna say okay here I will

00:07:18

have a some velocity that's come in and

00:07:23

then here there's a no slip condition

00:07:27

which means it has to be exiting either

00:07:29

here or here okay and then open from

00:07:35

says here okay here I'm gonna have

00:07:38

another one in and it's going to exit by

00:07:40

here here or here if we increase the

00:07:45

mass raj mesh resolution sometimes when

00:07:49

the when you start the problem initially

00:07:55

your velocity here is going to be zero

00:07:59

this is your starting velocity based on

00:08:03

the you up put you in put files so let's

00:08:07

take it a new input file first CD zero

00:08:12

and viu you see that the internal field

00:08:17

here is a uniform zero zero zero which

00:08:20

means at the start of the simulation

00:08:25

open foam will assume all the velocity

00:08:28

in every single box is zero okay now so

00:08:42

one open forum does is it's going to try

00:08:45

and adjust the zero values okay of this

00:08:51

box here and maybe this box and then

00:08:56

it's going to move up one square then

00:08:58

it's gonna try to change the values of

00:09:01

the velocity in this box and in the

00:09:04

adjacent boxes now what happens if you

00:09:08

make the mesh so fine that you encounter

00:09:10

lots of these small little zeros open

00:09:13

forms going to be a little bit confused

00:09:16

yes okay if the velocity here is zero

00:09:20

and then the velocity here is zero one

00:09:24

of these must change because if there's

00:09:26

flow coming in here flows got to be

00:09:28

going out here somewhere but if this

00:09:31

this is a no slip then maybe the

00:09:35

velocity here you cannot you can't quite

00:09:40

change this velocity because the the

00:09:44

condition over here is a no slip

00:09:46

condition which means at the bottom is

00:09:48

like a stationary kind of beam so yeah

00:09:52

open form is stuck and says okay

00:09:54

maybe this this speed cannot be that

00:09:56

high so I need to increase my velocity

00:09:59

here and here but when open form looks

00:10:03

at this one and then it says okay I'm

00:10:05

looking at more zeros then is is the

00:10:10

flow supposed to go here supposed to go

00:10:11

here or supposed to go here now if the

00:10:15

the mesh isn't so fine open phone can

00:10:18

you know fudge fudge it by

00:10:21

changing some of these zero values and

00:10:23

increasing the velocity to make the flow

00:10:26

go elsewhere so that the solution king

00:10:29

of which can be solved but if you have

00:10:34

such small boxes open foam has to do

00:10:37

this again and again and you'll get

00:10:38

really confused you have to do it like

00:10:40

almost twice to four times as much if

00:10:43

you just increase the mesh resolution so

00:10:47

to prevent this confusion from happening

00:10:50

and to prevent open foam from you know

00:10:54

trying to guess what all these values

00:10:56

are instead of zeros you need some kind

00:10:59

of initial guess let's say let's give

00:11:03

open forum a little bit of a helping

00:11:05

hand in that sense maybe here the

00:11:08

velocity we expect it to be 1 here the

00:11:11

velocity is a bit faster we expect it to

00:11:13

be 3 so we could actually you know

00:11:17

manually input all of these but that

00:11:20

would be very troublesome so instead of

00:11:23

that what we want to do is to do some

00:11:27

initial guessing first so what we gonna

00:11:31

do we are going to we're going to use

00:11:38

the what you call that we're going to

00:11:41

use the costs horse mesh coarse mesh

00:11:49

flow profile that means our initial gas

00:11:53

is going to look something like this and

00:11:56

then we will you know use this to try

00:12:00

and calculate what the fine mesh flow

00:12:05

profile looks like ok so if you would

00:12:10

actually look at open form

00:12:18

tutorial guy it actually shows you how

00:12:21

to make how to do this so in fact this

00:12:28

is over here you want to map the cache

00:12:31

mass cosh coarse mesh results on to the

00:12:36

fine mesh so this is something we're

00:12:38

going to try and learn in this tutorial

00:12:40

video ok so first thing first let's make

00:12:44

it easy we will go to system ok you're

00:12:49

going to clean it up first let's go to

00:12:52

system and we're going to look at

00:12:57

blockmeshdict we're going to revert this

00:13:07

back to 20 by 20 why are we doing 20 by

00:13:11

20 because we want the coarse mesh

00:13:14

results which is the initial flow feel

00:13:17

that we are having now we are going to

00:13:20

simply do a ok let's go to see what

00:13:31

we're supposed to do well do a block

00:13:33

mesh echo form to run the thing again

00:13:37

let's go block mesh echo form and that

00:13:43

will give us the initial values

00:13:47

okay so 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 and then we

00:13:55

will want to use this 0.5 seconds as our

00:13:59

initial conditions so let's go to the

00:14:02

run file and let's remove this all clean

00:14:07

because that will remove our 0.5 time

00:14:12

step ok so we want this 0.5 file to

00:14:17

start so what are we supposed to do

00:14:21

now first thing let's go to system and

00:14:27

then let's go to this file call control

00:14:32

dict okay and it says it starts from the

00:14:38

start time and the start time here is

00:14:41

zero so instead of zero we wanted to

00:14:45

start from zero point five so let's give

00:14:47

it the start time off zero point five

00:14:50

now that's just one part of the problem

00:14:52

there are many more steps to go next

00:14:56

thing of course we want to change our

00:14:59

blockmeshdict we want to change it to

00:15:06

forty forty because now we want to have

00:15:11

it calculate the fine mesh okay so that

00:15:15

is the next step and then the other

00:15:19

thing is the other thing is we want to

00:15:26

use this map fields map fields

00:15:34

and what is what is they going to do

00:15:36

this map field utility is going to look

00:15:44

at your start time which is a 0.5 it's

00:15:48

going to look at your start time and

00:15:50

then it's going to convert this into a

00:15:54

convert this from a 20 by 20 mesh into a

00:15:58

40 by 40 mesh so let's see it says map

00:16:03

fields dot dot forward slash cavity

00:16:06

consistent but cavity is they are the

00:16:11

fault that they want to change okay

00:16:23

so instead of instead of let's see

00:16:37

all right we're gonna try that yeah

00:16:41

instead of putting this cavity down

00:16:43

we're gonna use flat plate instead so

00:16:47

let's go map fields don't two dots

00:16:54

forward slash flat plate and then you

00:16:58

say it's consistent okay and here we

00:17:05

have our results and let's take a look

00:17:07

at the 0.5 file VRU and let's see

00:17:19

there's a 400 and then we'll have all

00:17:23

these all these values over here now it

00:17:31

should be 400 and not 200 let's see see

00:17:36

the 0.4 see it is 0.4 and let's see the

00:17:44

VI of you you see okay 400 yes 400

00:17:51

square sorry what I meant is you

00:17:56

probably expect something to be a 1600

00:17:58

because 1600 is a 1600 is the kind of

00:18:06

wedding color 1600 is 40 by 40 so you

00:18:10

wonder mesh starting at 40 by 40 not 4

00:18:14

not 400 so it says here source mesh size

00:18:17

400 target mesh size 400 so that's

00:18:21

that's not refining the mesh at all so

00:18:23

what you should be doing is that we've

00:18:25

got to change this target mesh size to

00:18:27

1600 now let's see how we're supposed to

00:18:30

do that

00:18:41

right let's take a look at what this is

00:18:43

about new mesh field

00:18:54

okay that's uh okay let's take a little

00:18:59

mesh view oh all right I think I made a

00:19:05

mistake okay

00:19:08

I think I know what's wrong maybe we

00:19:13

stick here okay let's do a clean up

00:19:19

first and then we're not supposed to we

00:19:27

know run the block mesh from here okay

00:19:31

so what Matt feels does explode that

00:19:40

very shortly so let's go to system VI

00:19:46

blockmeshdict is a 40 by 40 now

00:19:50

previously webby red block mesh it's

00:19:52

actually a 20 by 20 phone okay so what

00:19:59

were we doing just now we did a block

00:20:02

mesh icon phone to generate this 0 0 to

00:20:06

0.5 now when we did the now when we did

00:20:12

this the the mesh was the block mesh

00:20:16

foul that was generated had a 20 by 20

00:20:19

mesh resolution now if you want the 1600

00:20:27

mesh resolution we need to run we need

00:20:31

to run block mesh again so that we can

00:20:36

generate a 16 by 16 resolution so let's

00:20:40

do let's just carry that out

00:20:47

so we have a 40 by 40 already you see

00:20:51

here so let's run block mesh all right

00:21:02

so now block mesh is done we can start

00:21:04

using the map fields utility so map

00:21:09

fields

00:21:15

so I'm going to run

00:21:27

so the block mesh is there let's let's

00:21:33

do the run map fields flat plate because

00:21:42

we have a flat plate foul just kind of

00:21:46

in the same folder and then you're gonna

00:21:50

write consistent so I'm just gonna exit

00:21:54

it like that but for demonstration sync

00:21:57

I'm going to run it manually first

00:21:59

before doing it in the script so let's

00:22:02

do map fields consistent let's go

00:22:14

and now look at what we have have a

00:22:18

source mesh size of 400 target mesh

00:22:21

science 1600 perfect that's exactly what

00:22:25

we want so just to recap we don't we are still

00:22:31

using V okay we are still using the 0.5

00:22:38

output file and what Matt feels does

00:22:42

instead it goes to look at TSU it goes

00:22:46

to the flat plate what Mayfield does is

00:22:51

it looks for this file this 0.5 found it

00:22:54

copies it over to our flat plate 5

00:22:58

folder look see see D flat goes over to

00:23:07

our flat fine folder and it copies it

00:23:10

here and not only does it copy it there

00:23:12

it increases the image resolution and

00:23:18

you see 1600 it will convert the 420 by

00:23:24

20 into a 40 by 40 and how does it know

00:23:27

to convert into a 40 by 40 it will have

00:23:31

to check the block mesh dipped file in

00:23:33

the local directory which you have just

00:23:36

run ok so that's why we need to run

00:23:40

block mesh dict cuz pop mash ticked tells the map

00:23:43

fields utility to move into a 40 by 40

00:23:49

measure size so we are almost ready to

00:23:53

run we have a suitable initial condition

00:24:00

we have we have a correct blockmeshdict

00:24:06

and we go to the control dings you start

00:24:10

from 0.5 now one more thing we need to

00:24:13

note now look at this party says control

00:24:20

adjustments control adjustments this is

00:24:24

that delta T should be set to zero point

00:24:26

zero zero to five seconds in the control

00:24:29

dictionary directory so is this your

00:24:32

delta T that's the time step is 0.005

00:24:36

now because we have increased our mesh

00:24:39

size increase our mesh mesh resolution

00:24:42

we need to make the time steps shorter

00:24:46

why is that the case now let's go back

00:24:49

to our paint

00:24:56

alright then we'll have let's see this

00:25:01

box here to indicate the mesh here and

00:25:10

here ok so let's say we have a box here

00:25:19

0 let's give you a random number 0.5 cm

00:25:23

no no and let's see

00:25:27

time step equals to 0.1 seconds for

00:25:34

example but the flow velocity equals to

00:25:44

1 meter per second or 100 cm per second

00:25:52

what's gonna happen here if you look at

00:25:55

each time step every time step we move

00:26:03

our fluid by 0.1 times 100 cm per second

00:26:12

that's 10 cm so basically in one time

00:26:18

step yes move the fluid has moved from

00:26:20

this box and then it moves like 10 20

00:26:24

boxes down the row and that's gonna be a

00:26:28

problem it's going to make our

00:26:30

calculations very weird so in any in any

00:26:38

in any like say time within the time

00:26:42

step preferably speaking you should not

00:26:45

move more than one the fluid should not

00:26:47

move more than the space of one box and

00:26:50

that's that's kind of the general idea

00:26:53

behind know making the solutions stable

00:27:00

if not the gun will give you very funny

00:27:01

results and then you're gonna have error

00:27:04

so we need to reduce our time step

00:27:08

so the actual terminology is called

00:27:12

making sure the current current numbers

00:27:16

cou are int the current number I just

00:27:22

typed it there is small enough but I'm

00:27:26

just explaining it in the more know

00:27:31

casual kind of way so that it's not so

00:27:34

abstract I'll try not to abstract it too

00:27:37

much so if we want to make sure that

00:27:41

this 100 cm per second flow doesn't move

00:27:44

more than this 0.5 cm what should all

00:27:49

times step be so our time step should be

00:27:52

0.5 divided by hundred and that will

00:27:56

give you 0.005 seconds so your time step

00:28:01

should be 0.005 seconds or less now what

00:28:07

happens when we increase increase the

00:28:10

mesh resolution so let's say our new

00:28:13

boxes are half the size okay now in verb

00:28:19

boxes are half the size you see again

00:28:22

that we have the same problem if you use

00:28:24

a time step of 0.005 the fluid is going

00:28:28

to traverse more than the length of one

00:28:31

box so in order to mitigate this we kind

00:28:35

of have to half the box half the time

00:28:39

step

00:28:45

from 0.005 to 0.0025

00:28:50

now that's the basic idea that when we

00:28:54

increase our mesh resolution we have to

00:28:58

decrease our time step so that the fluid

00:29:04

so-called doesn't Travis doesn't flow

00:29:07

across one box doesn't flow across the

00:29:11

modern length of one box within one time

00:29:14

step and thus you know screw up our

00:29:16

calculations so it should be zero point

00:29:18

zero zero five in this example or less

00:29:23

now previously when we have zero point

00:29:29

zero zero five our output was stable so

00:29:33

instead of 0.005 we want to change it to

00:29:36

zero point zero zero to five because we

00:29:40

change from a twenty by twenty mesh size

00:29:43

to a 40 by 40 mesh size so we have half

00:29:49

the size half the length of the square

00:29:51

and thus we need to have the time step

00:29:54

that is the rational so let's W Q and

00:30:00

now we want to run microphone as per

00:30:04

normal we're going to ignore the rest of

00:30:06

the steps here because this is a this is

00:30:09

an interesting thing you can do but it's

00:30:11

not necessary so let's just write

00:30:13

microphone now what does it say

00:30:23

create time create mesh time okay why

00:30:30

does it say yeah create time create mesh

00:30:32

time for time equals 0.5 peers or more

00:30:36

reading transport properties reading

00:30:38

feel pirating feel you that means is

00:30:40

looking at the initial conditions and

00:30:42

then it says reading calculating face

00:30:45

flux field and five say starting time

00:30:49

loop and in this end what does it mean

00:30:51

here let's take a look at our system

00:30:54

German system and let's look at control

00:30:57

dict and then it looks ah what is it

00:31:03

here we have a start time zero point

00:31:05

five end time also zero point five which

00:31:07

means that it's not gonna run anything

00:31:09

so that's a bit of a mystic there bad

00:31:13

but that's pretty easy to rectify that's

00:31:17

ginger and time to zero point seven and

00:31:19

then it should solve the problem so

00:31:23

let's write ICO form again and now it

00:31:26

should run as per what we expect so

00:31:32

we're gonna touch flat plate fine dot

00:31:37

phone and now we're going to try and run

00:31:41

it and visualize it inside inside our

00:31:55

now you're gonna try and visualize it

00:31:57

inside the wine is that Parafield so

00:32:04

let's go here and you look at our open

00:32:06

forum file roll one open font file open

00:32:12

flat plate fine

00:32:13

so let's copy this over here flat plate

00:32:21

fine open flat plate fine so let's go

00:32:29

for slap to it fine we'll just copy and

00:32:32

paste there and then we'll apply so

00:32:38

looking at this this is the same

00:32:41

pressure spike at the bottom left hand

00:32:43

corner and let's take a look at the new

00:32:46

velocity profile it's still the same

00:32:49

okay we gotta obese and make sure you

00:32:52

see the time here is zero point two you

00:32:55

need to change it to zero point five and

00:32:57

above and then we can see the mesh

00:33:01

resolution is increased

00:33:03

let's okay the Maya frame see we have

00:33:07

increased the mesh resolution

00:33:09

successfully but if velocity profile

00:33:13

still looks kind of funny so from this

00:33:17

we can conclude that the that the what

00:33:24

your comment that the problem of this

00:33:27

kind of velocity profile is not caused

00:33:29

really by the mesh size mainly but it

00:33:35

could be something else but in this

00:33:38

video we have already covered the basics

00:33:40

of creating a final mesh and how to do

00:33:43

it in open form and we have started you

00:33:45

know you have found that okay the mesh

00:33:49

size isn't the problem in this case so

00:33:52

let's take a look at other potential

00:33:55

issues and let's see whether we can find

00:33:57

the root cause of this problem elsewhere

00:34:00

thanks for watching guys I'll see you

00:34:03

guys next time bye bye

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OpenFOAM for Windows 10 Beginner Playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhPfNw4V4_YRhBU4IqSaToQ8_X543YQsZ My Engineering Thermodynamics Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhPfNw4V4_YTpRlyFkzyOkxVg0sEbrdhV Petroleum Downstream Crash Course Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhPfNw4V4_YQ13CnhacUqEVk-tZlU4ISE OpenFOAM Intermediate Playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhPfNw4V4_YSpWX6mSOlwWEOKVa6i_iuE OpenFOAM Heat Transfer Playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhPfNw4V4_YR2Qa3Q9-AzNSF2J9Dc4_qT OpenFOAM Intermediate Playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhPfNw4V4_YSpWX6mSOlwWEOKVa6i_iuE

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