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Video tags
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Russian
00:00:17
[music] the00:00:20
fate of this German city was00:00:23
predetermined long before the victorious 45th00:00:31
[music]00:00:38
Stalin's truck and cap, first at00:00:41
meetings in Tehran and then the Germans00:00:43
agreed enix Berk place with about00:00:46
30 rhetoric East Prussia will go to the00:00:48
USSR, the00:00:49
remaining two-thirds will go to Poland the00:00:52
Soviet soldiers who00:00:55
fought to the borders of eastern00:00:57
Georgia in 1944 knew about this decision00:01:00
very vaguely, the senior commanders knew very vaguely but00:01:04
could not even imagine what would be thrown off on00:01:07
horseback then in a year or two the 10th00:01:11
Vozdam conference of the victors was still ahead00:01:14
and no one could answer this question then00:01:17
not a soldier not a marshal of the advancing00:01:24
capital of East Prussia, Königsberg00:01:26
became the most powerful fortress in Germany already00:01:29
at the end of the nineteenth century, then the city00:01:31
was surrounded by a ring of 12 forts, such00:01:34
small fortresses were located along the00:01:37
perimeter of the ring road at a00:01:39
distance of three to four kilometers from each other00:01:40
and together with auxiliary00:01:43
with structures they formed a 43-kilometer line of defense at00:01:47
the beginning of April 1945, the soldiers and00:01:50
commanders of the advancing Soviet army00:01:52
looked with alarm through binoculars and these00:01:55
powerful walls and loopholes a few00:01:58
days later they had to storm the brothers00:02:05
[music]00:02:14
[music]00:02:17
this city was born as a fortress 1255 g for00:02:22
seven centuries it continued to be a fortress and00:02:25
was strengthened with each stolnik00:02:27
Berg on the face of East Prussia became a00:02:30
forward springboard for00:02:32
Hitler’s attack on the USSR00:02:33
and by the end of the war this territory00:02:36
was supposed to reliably cover from the00:02:38
Soviet troops00:02:39
the paths to the central region of Germany and00:02:41
Berlin from the flank of the construction of the famous parks and00:02:47
inevitably began after the Franco-Prussian00:02:48
War of 1870 roads it was believed that these00:02:53
would be independent and defensive00:02:54
structures with00:02:55
numerous garrisons powerful and,00:02:58
in sight, large reserves of ammunition and00:03:00
food, each Ford had its own00:03:02
serial number and since 1894 and its00:03:06
own name at the beginning of the twentieth00:03:10
century ford and were considered secret00:03:12
facilities and combat duty was carried out in them,00:03:14
however, already in the First World War it became00:03:17
clear that the era of individual fortresses00:03:19
isolated from the actions of field troops was00:03:21
becoming a thing of the past, the progress of military00:03:24
technology led to the fact that an army of thousands00:03:26
in an attack simply flowed around the00:03:28
parking lots to let them through, I put up brothers not the00:03:30
façade barriers,00:03:34
the fascists were preparing for the new war, they took into account all the00:03:37
weaknesses of the old fortresses,00:03:39
modernized them, turning them into powerful00:03:42
strongholds of continuous defensive00:03:44
strips or rings of Königsberg 1 detailed00:03:47
information about the city defense system00:03:49
began to flow to the Soviet00:03:51
command from intelligence officers00:03:55
several months before the start of the00:03:57
East Prussian operation, the00:03:59
Königsberg area was abandoned more than two00:04:01
dozen reconnaissance groups,00:04:03
many of them died, the fact is that the00:04:06
forests in this part of East Prussia are00:04:08
more reminiscent of well-groomed parks in00:04:11
which it is almost impossible to hide,00:04:14
but naturally one could not count on the help of the00:04:17
German population when00:04:19
landing graduates of special schools of the NKVD00:04:22
paratroopers on completely unfamiliar00:04:24
territory throughout East Prussia00:04:26
At that time, a curfew was already in effect,00:04:28
the population was notified of the possible00:04:31
appearance of scouts and saboteurs,00:04:32
better than their detection, it was necessary to immediately00:04:35
report this and, if possible,00:04:37
destroy them on the spot,00:04:40
even the children of the00:04:41
group of radio operator Ekaterina Yusa Novaya,00:04:44
which was called cross, were ready for this, they were thrown into the00:04:46
territory of East Prussia on00:04:48
the eleventh account, all the previous ones00:04:50
died, so they said at the last00:04:53
briefing,00:04:55
the most important thing was not said by Orlov,00:04:58
he said so, all groups die,00:05:04
work for ten days, 20 days, but00:05:09
still accept battles, die, and we came to the00:05:12
conclusions not to accept planes, not to steal00:05:16
from the Germans, but the most basic ones are that we are very00:05:20
good they were treated and did not bother00:05:24
them; the group had maps of the area from 1913,00:05:28
so the scouts found themselves in very00:05:30
difficult situations, for example, they counted00:05:32
on these on the map; there was no forest on the map and there was no00:05:35
road and a sown field instead;00:05:38
I also had 200:05:41
repairs in Odessa; I was suddenly afraid of this It’s going to00:05:44
hit me like that and I mean 2 checks00:05:50
when you pull it out, I had 2 lemons all the time throughout00:05:57
my war when I went to the rear,00:06:04
mapping the terrain, plotting00:06:06
all the firing points and fortifications on the map,00:06:08
tracking any movements of equipment00:06:11
and cargo was the main task of the scouts about00:06:14
everything it was necessary to report daily by00:06:16
radio to the center in the morning, we caught these00:06:21
Germans, he was going somewhere to see his friends, and00:06:24
he was a vacationer, he was on vacation and00:06:28
was about to return to his unit,00:06:31
we mean it’s a warm struggle, did00:06:35
he tell and then we didn’t want him00:06:39
we didn’t want to kill him, you didn’t00:06:43
want to kill him, but we couldn’t00:06:46
leave him alive, the muscles reported00:06:49
this to the commander,00:06:50
the commander said that no, we couldn’t00:06:54
live because he would sell to us,00:06:59
well, at least he swore and swore that they wouldn’t00:07:02
do this, but anyway, we didn’t00:07:05
believe him, which means, in00:07:09
general, the guys shot him00:07:14
[music]00:07:16
according to the report in the00:07:18
enix socket, the Birsk fortress region covers an00:07:20
area of about two hundred square00:07:21
kilometers, it looks like concentric00:07:24
circles, the00:07:25
first line of defense or the outer bypass of00:07:27
the city lies six seven kilometers00:07:29
from its center the basis is 1500:07:32
forts dota anti-tank ditches and minefields00:07:38
2 but runs along the outskirts of the city 300:07:43
encircles the center including00:07:46
ravelin bastions and powerful towers a garrison of about00:07:51
130 thousand people the command post of the 43rd00:07:57
army and the control post of the third00:07:58
Belarusian front were located in this00:08:01
large mansion standing on00:08:02
hills on the outskirts of Koenigsberg,00:08:04
from here the00:08:07
first line of German defense was very clearly visible,00:08:19
looking up from the eyepieces, Army General00:08:21
Bagramyan drew the attention of his colleagues00:08:24
to a large number of smooth, neat00:08:26
hills covered with bushes and trees, this00:08:29
landscape was commented with annoyance by the00:08:31
head of the engineering troops,00:08:32
Lieutenant General Kosarev, under such00:08:34
cute faces there are powerful00:08:37
three-story Ford and we are still suffering with them00:08:41
under one of these mounds, almost in the00:08:43
direct line of sight of the commanders,00:08:45
Ford number five three was located, it was called King00:08:48
Friedrich Wilhelm 3d00:08:49
on military maps it was designated as00:08:52
Charlotte, its central part measuring00:08:55
360 by 200 meters00:08:57
is surrounded by a moat with water the width of the ditch is 2500:09:01
meters, the depth is up to 5, the00:09:03
ditch not only acted as an obstacle for00:09:06
the enemy, but also worked as drainage and00:09:08
drainage; the foundations were00:09:10
symmetrically located; the central00:09:12
structure included a barracks for00:09:15
soldiers and officers;00:09:24
ammunition and00:09:26
food equipment fuel00:09:29
boiler00:09:31
workshops and various other support00:09:33
services for the life support of the garrison00:09:36
heating systems with00:09:38
smoke heating ducts00:09:40
inside the walls there was an independent00:09:42
water supply from a local well00:09:44
provided natural ventilation and00:09:46
cesspool sewerage two00:09:48
courtyards served as transport interchanges00:09:50
and shelters for port guns all00:09:52
underground vaulted casemates made00:09:55
of repeatedly fired brick00:09:57
central and side corridors made it possible to00:09:59
move military cargo onto a cart and were00:10:03
even connected by external and internal00:10:05
spiral staircases on top of the earthen00:10:10
embankment there were00:10:12
artillery positions covered with parapet walls00:10:14
[music]00:10:21
ammunition was delivered here with elevators and00:10:23
special equipment lifts, the00:10:26
covering of the photo was a00:10:28
layer cake made of brick concrete and a disk00:10:31
from the inside, they made additional00:10:33
metal ceilings, all this00:10:36
was covered with a thick layer of earth with trees00:10:38
and bushes for five days I sit down to00:10:42
work with a Vyatka collie sitting next to me00:10:47
and at this time00:10:50
a branch rises, we have this again00:10:54
Yelny Chik and that means the00:10:57
German is rising with a mark, he looks at me and when he00:11:00
saw me the company opened and and when he00:11:06
immediately shot and hit the rod of a there00:11:10
were two Germans there, one ran away and I gave such a00:11:16
radio that it was dangerous here and a farewell of some sort that is00:11:20
such00:11:21
that We kiss everyone and so on, I00:11:25
thought that I was already saying goodbye since we were00:11:29
discovered,00:11:30
now we won’t leave all the information00:11:35
that Katya Usmanova’s group sent00:11:37
was compared with aerial reconnaissance data00:11:40
from him again constructing a unique00:11:42
huge model of the entire defensive00:11:44
system, throw an expert about which they were00:11:46
practicing their future00:11:47
offensive actions commanders of all00:11:49
units, the start of the offensive was scheduled00:11:53
for April 5, but the weather was terrible, the sky was00:11:57
overcast with clouds, it was raining on the ground,00:11:59
there was fog, this excluded the participation of00:12:02
bombers in the assault, it was00:12:04
decided to postpone the start of the offensive for a00:12:06
day. Under these conditions, the main00:12:09
destructive work was to be00:12:11
carried out by artillerymen by order00:12:13
Commander of the 3rd Belarusian Front,00:12:14
Marshal Vasilevsky, artillery preparation00:12:17
was supposed to last four days; the00:12:19
decision of the headquarters of the Supreme00:12:20
Commander-in-Chief of the operation was to00:12:23
involve artillery of special00:12:25
power00:12:26
since it was inactive,00:12:28
it was almost not used throughout the war,00:12:30
and now its time had come to00:12:33
transport powerful mortars to the positions00:12:35
and howitzers with a caliber of 305,280,21000:12:39
millimeters, special railway tracks were erected in a short time,00:12:43
these giants had to break through the powerful00:12:47
walls of German fortifications, in total, in the00:12:49
direction of the main attacks, for every00:12:52
four meters of the front there were00:12:54
guns and mortars,00:12:56
why was it necessary to conduct00:12:58
artillery preparation for four days,00:13:00
for example To destroy the fifth fort,00:13:02
it was necessary to fire 250,300 heavy00:13:05
shells,00:13:06
but a gun of special power could fire00:13:08
only 8 shots per hour, so count00:13:11
and now the time has come. On April 6 at 9 am, a00:13:18
growing roar was heard from the southern side of the city and the first to begin the00:13:21
assault were units of the 11th Guards Army, General00:13:24
bare in an hour the attack was00:13:27
joined by artillery north on 40 3 1000:13:30
and 39 armies in total 5 thousand guns were working at the same time00:13:40
we saw books zbird which means another00:13:43
twenty kilometers before approaching it00:13:48
when it was burning dim and the firebrands00:13:51
that were burning carried like airplane carpets the00:13:55
light plates would fly in we didn’t let's understand what a knight00:13:57
is during the day, what a flat thing00:14:01
is burning, everything turned out that00:14:03
this factory was burning in the Moscow region, then the Lego00:14:06
roofing material that these00:14:08
roofing material was preparing at 12:00 they went on the attack that a small00:14:13
group, the fifth fort, one of the most powerful, occupied the00:14:16
front line of defense,00:14:18
it was almost surrounded but the Germans fought00:14:20
to the last; however, thanks to intelligence,00:14:23
the commanders already knew the weak points of the defense of00:14:25
this port;00:14:26
its garrison could only conduct close00:14:28
combat behind low-lying embrasures and00:14:30
curtains; it was important that its back side and the00:14:33
barracks were located were too weakly00:14:35
protected;00:14:36
out of 73 hits from heavy shells, the port00:14:39
received only two through holes,00:14:40
however, the Ford still remained00:14:43
impregnable, an00:14:44
assault was needed, but how to get to these00:14:49
walls under dagger fire through the ditch00:14:51
only at night, desperate sapper guys were needed00:14:54
and they were found00:14:58
[music] it was possible to00:15:03
storm such a powerful defensive00:15:06
structure only at night and00:15:08
aviation in this matter there was no assistant00:15:11
because the Ford was covered with bushes and00:15:14
trees from the air, it was simply not readable by the pilots, the00:15:16
fighters of the assault troops, under the00:15:19
cover of a smoke screen, sat on00:15:21
a raft00:15:22
and swam across the defensive ditch, after00:15:25
that they pierced the walls of Charlottenburg with overhead charges of 200 minutes00:15:28
each,00:15:32
having overcome the ditch, the breach was attempted by the00:15:35
assault groups, but this too it would not have brought success much closer if,00:15:38
from the rear side of the fort, under fire, a 16-ton mortar with a caliber of 280 millimeters had not been00:15:41
brought up on tractor trailers for00:15:42
direct and aimed shooting00:15:46
and the volleys smashed the00:15:50
rear god for the00:15:51
and stunned the Germans00:16:00
when the assault troops broke into the00:16:03
interior of the fort they were met by a00:16:05
murderous darkness and heavy fire at00:16:08
point-blank range, Soviet soldiers had no idea00:16:11
about the internal structure of Charlottenburg00:16:13
at every step, here you could fall00:16:15
into a trap at the00:16:23
mysterious intersection of vaulted00:16:25
corridors,00:16:26
either death or death at every step, the00:16:28
pursued could easily go behind the00:16:31
attackers through secret passages and open00:16:34
fire in the back like this it was only after00:16:37
16 hours of continuous00:16:39
bloody hand-to-hand combat that the garrison of00:16:42
the fort surrendered to complete darkness,00:16:47
about 200 people were taken prisoner here00:16:50
a little later to bazaar and discovered forty-00:16:53
eight corpses of German soldiers00:16:58
for the Germans I, as they say, Russian for00:17:01
doing for the Russians I don’t fart00:17:03
communication GTU April 6 1945 or00:17:09
Elvira zero to a 14 year old girl00:17:11
found herself in a flaming koenig of energy in the00:17:14
hospital or looked at the advancing00:17:17
Russian soldiers and the juice of the basement received00:17:22
the order to fight until the last sight and00:17:27
dust and so where is the least part of the city00:17:32
now there was a bunker nearby00:17:35
and in this bunker the machine gun is childish to me, the00:17:41
German soldiers were tied on a chain00:17:45
that they could not escape and they shot for00:17:50
so long then the last cartridge, but then00:17:54
I don’t know how one broke in there and00:17:59
it was like how you didn’t say his00:18:03
relative was very young and he wanted00:18:07
it to liberate from then the Russians came and00:18:10
I was shot in battle, the soldiers were chained00:18:14
with a machine gun, often at their own00:18:15
request, this was the effect of the death of tsarist00:18:18
propaganda,00:18:19
and the Germans themselves understood that they were00:18:21
no longer retreating there alone in the cauldron, but in captivity, as they were00:18:24
taught, it was better not to fall into the hands of the Russians; the00:18:26
basements were shelters people were hiding,00:18:28
the most natural outcome was that00:18:30
they had nowhere else to go, and at every00:18:32
entrance to the basement there was a drawing, which meant00:18:35
the identity of a Soviet soldier, overgrown with00:18:40
a beard and holding a dagger in our teeth, which00:18:44
means we came out of course, this is holding a00:18:47
child in the form, it’s important that she’s00:18:49
stabbed, maybe you’ve ever seen00:18:52
rats are so small cats, I don’t know,00:18:58
we were in these basements, well, you couldn’t sleep, they00:19:03
hung their coats on their shoulders, they furukawa00:19:07
crawled in00:19:08
and everyone wanted to eat these, this is their00:19:12
favorite place, we burned fires,00:19:18
caught one rat and there it was00:19:22
terrible and we thought that they would get away from00:19:27
this, nothing of the sort was advancing from the south, the00:19:31
11th Guards Army, Colonel General00:19:33
Galician, was advancing00:19:34
after capturing the first line of defense, the00:19:35
artillerymen were on the cornice, I was on the second00:19:38
line, the infantry had to storm every00:19:40
building, the fighters were knocking out the doors of houses with grenades, they were00:19:43
breaking into the room where they were fighting with the00:19:45
German soldiers. let's go to a00:19:48
fortified area, a very strong line00:19:51
of defense for and what does there have to do with a house a house00:19:54
a brick house imagine on a brick house00:19:57
this thing is placed on the ground floor and the00:20:00
brother strengthens the embrasure with00:20:02
additional concrete00:20:04
slabs this is good almost dot there are00:20:08
points somewhere00:20:10
seen fortified this position is00:20:14
very good for datsun shelling we can00:20:18
determine its length then the troops did not go to these places00:20:23
when the advancing troops of the 11th army of00:20:26
Colonel General Galician blocked00:20:28
all the southern and southwestern roads leading00:20:31
to Königsberg, the defense commander Otto00:20:34
Lyash gave the order to blow up this most important00:20:37
strategic bridge spanning00:20:39
two branches of the Pregel River then this bridge00:20:42
was called the Polish Barsky; it is curious that back00:20:45
in the thirty-fifth year, the design of the bridge00:20:48
provided for the explosion of 5 of its spans with the00:20:51
explosion of only two supports in which00:20:53
special personalized00:20:55
chambers were constructed; they can still be seen even now,00:20:59
this explosion stopped the advance of00:21:02
our troops for a long time until April 900:21:05
official capitulation of the city,00:21:11
however, other units from the south and north00:21:14
continued uncontrollably from the sharks, bypassing00:21:16
difficult areas,00:21:18
they stubbornly rushed to the center of the city,00:21:19
leaving strong strongholds of the00:21:22
German defense simply blocked, they00:21:24
did so and the most powerful fort number00:21:26
five, the00:21:27
assault on it required time of enormous00:21:29
effort while the assault groups were blocked00:21:31
Ford, the rest of the units went further,00:21:33
developing an offensive on the urban00:21:35
outskirts of Charlottenburg, which took the00:21:42
second day of the assault. The seventh of April became an00:21:45
aviation day, the weather improved and for the first time,00:21:48
in daylight conditions,00:21:50
long-range bombers were used. The first00:21:53
3 air armies in just an hour,00:21:55
516 aircraft finally dropped00:21:58
more than a thousand tons of bombs.00:22:01
[music] the00:22:05
advancing troops advanced in the00:22:08
interval between the photos, all of them, just like the00:22:10
largest fort number three,00:22:12
had to surrender sooner or later; the00:22:15
tactics of capturing fortresses had already been00:22:17
worked out00:22:18
at night with the actor making passages in the00:22:21
minefields and metal gratings00:22:23
surrounding the Ford; in the morning,00:22:25
direct fire artillery fire began and smoke from00:22:28
all the embrasures then assault groups go on the attack00:22:31
on the second day of the storm it was taken by failure in the00:22:34
140th quarter in some places our00:22:37
troops broke through the last line of defense00:22:40
[music]00:22:43
strong resistance was met by the00:22:46
advancing units here in the area of the00:22:48
railway station, every00:22:50
building00:22:51
even standing platforms trains were00:22:53
turned by the enemy into firing points00:22:55
at night, General Otto Lasch, the00:22:57
commander of the Königsberg garrison,00:22:59
contacted Hitler’s headquarters and asked for00:23:02
permission to surrender the city to Soviet troops,00:23:04
but received a categorical refusal; the00:23:12
third day of the assault, the00:23:14
gifts of aviation reached their maximum strength00:23:16
from dawn during the day, sailors and00:23:20
bombers attacked the00:23:21
fortress against tank units and The enemy infantry00:23:24
was covered by our actions, the00:23:27
German pilots were unable to00:23:29
resist, they lost 21 planes and00:23:32
as a result, the vile garrison was00:23:34
completely deprived of aviation,00:23:39
absolute hell reigned on the city streets,00:23:40
even the commander of the German units, getting out00:23:43
on the surface of their shelters in the series,00:23:45
they did not know where to go,00:23:47
the city changed so much his general,00:23:51
Otto Lyash, recalled it was incredibly00:23:54
ultra-light, we went deaf from your fire, we00:23:57
almost went crazy,00:23:58
no one could stand this00:24:10
on the fourth day of fighting, the00:24:12
German00:24:14
garrison no longer offered organized resistance,00:24:15
but in many places in the city, such00:24:18
destroyed houses hid fanatics who00:24:20
continued to fire during the assault,00:24:23
two more of our machine gunners accompanied the00:24:25
group of prisoners of war00:24:26
suddenly from this destroyed house to the00:24:28
emerging Germans, hitting the machine gun and giving00:24:31
the command to lie down, our soldiers entered the battle00:24:33
defending captivity, the machine gunner was destroyed, but00:24:36
10 soldiers also died; he was carried in the arms of00:24:41
captured German soldiers00:24:43
[music]00:24:49
[music] On00:24:52
April 9, by the middle of the day, the commandant of the00:24:55
Königsberg fortress, General of00:24:57
the Infantry, Otto Lyash,00:24:58
gathered all the senior officers here underground at a00:25:00
depth of 7 meters in the main command00:25:02
post;00:25:05
he wanted, contrary to Hitler’s order,00:25:07
to discuss the issue of the surrender of the garrison;00:25:10
however, representatives of the local00:25:13
Nazi command and00:25:15
unit commanders with They said that they needed to fight to the00:25:17
last soldier and wait for reinforcements;00:25:20
nevertheless, after 4 hours, Colonel Gefter00:25:22
appeared at the location of the Soviet troops,00:25:24
accompanied by an00:25:26
interpreter, he stated that he was only ready to00:25:29
surrender and instructed him to conduct all the00:25:32
negotiations,00:25:37
but only a native of Upper Silesia, a00:25:40
participant in the First World War in peace00:25:42
served in the police for a while, then joined the00:25:44
army in '39,00:25:47
commander of an infantry regiment, colonel, on00:25:50
January 28, 1945, appointed by Hitler as00:25:53
commander of the Königsberg fortified00:25:55
area and the Königsberg fortress, general of00:25:57
the infantry, colonel, actor and translator, with a00:26:02
white flag, appeared at the00:26:05
27th Rifle Guards station at about 18:0000:26:07
The regiment colonel claimed that he was00:26:10
authorized by General Leshi to00:26:11
negotiate surrender, but00:26:13
he did not have the general’s signature in the documents,00:26:15
therefore, on the instructions of Marshal00:26:18
Vasilevsky, General Yasha was sent00:26:20
our envoys, Lieutenant Colonel00:26:22
Yanovsky and captains Fedorka and is sleeping and00:26:25
not to00:26:27
[music]00:26:33
but00:26:40
here in this underground office is ours00:26:42
parliamentarian Colonel Yanovsky, at00:26:45
gunpoint,00:26:46
handed the German commander the text of a00:26:48
statement about complete surrender, the general00:26:51
only tried to argue, bargain00:26:54
and talk about a temporary truce, not about complete00:26:58
surrender, but he did00:27:00
n’t succeed, the00:27:01
force was not on his side, General00:27:05
Lesh was demanded to sign a written00:27:07
order about a complete cessation armed00:27:10
resistance and immediately send it00:27:13
to all units later, during interrogation at00:27:17
front headquarters, the general only said that the Russians00:27:19
were able to secretly concentrate so00:27:21
much artillery aircraft, the00:27:23
massive use of which00:27:25
destroyed the fortifications of the fortress and00:27:27
demoralized the soldiers and officers, it00:27:30
was impossible to assume that such a00:27:32
fortress as Königsberg would fall so quickly00:27:39
Almost a day passed after the00:27:41
orders for surrender appeared,00:27:43
and here in the very center of the city the garrison of the00:27:45
Don Tower continued to hold the defense,00:27:47
they thought maybe the Germans had no communications, they00:27:50
knew nothing about what was happening in the00:27:52
shadow of the tsverga, so00:27:55
loudly speaking installations approached the square and00:27:57
read out Lesha’s order00:27:59
and after the surrender, after this the fire from the00:28:02
tower only intensified, then it was00:28:05
decided to roll up00:28:08
heavy mortars and artillery pieces of00:28:11
special power for direct fire work.00:28:12
After the first salvo, a00:28:15
white spot flag appeared in the image of the frames on the tower. I am00:28:36
confident of the success of the offensive00:28:38
operation, so already on the second day of the assault On00:28:40
April 7, the00:28:43
military commandant's office of the city and the fortress of00:28:44
Ginzberg was formed; I was headed by Major General00:28:47
Mikhail Smirnov; the00:28:48
management of the front commandant's office; the end of00:28:50
the berg entered the city when00:28:53
fierce battles were still going on in the central part; the00:28:55
management was subordinate to 8 district00:28:58
military commandant's offices; before it meant00:29:01
taking the city, there was already an order from the supreme00:29:05
commander-in-chief, which means there00:29:09
should be no violence against the civilian population,00:29:12
that this will be punished strictly and00:29:14
severely will be punished to those persons00:29:17
who will allow such violence00:29:19
and this order was promulgated not only to00:29:22
us but was promulgated to the German00:29:25
population, all the roads of East Prussia00:29:28
were clogged with refugees they themselves did not00:29:31
know where to go, not victors, what00:29:34
to do, defeated00:29:36
those who were richer left the00:29:38
burning land of East00:29:41
Prussia, which had become a trap, in advance, so did the Gauleiter and easily00:29:46
Erich Koch was born on June 19, 1896, a00:29:51
veteran of the Nazi party, the owner of a00:29:53
gold party badge in the twenty-00:29:55
eighth year was appointed Gauleiter00:29:57
East Prussia, later the Commissioner for00:29:59
Defense, according to intelligence data, was in00:30:02
Königsberg only until January 25, 1945. On00:30:05
January 29,00:30:06
the city was completely surrounded by rumors that the object of00:30:10
centuries sowed even greater panic among00:30:13
those who remained,00:30:15
they were forced with their last00:30:17
belongings to hopelessly iron the military00:30:20
road that led nowhere00:30:22
[ music]00:30:28
when the00:30:30
victory flag of the00:30:32
Baltic coast had already risen over Königsberg on April 9, the last ships00:30:34
crowded with people continued to leave in panic;00:30:37
hope at dawn on00:30:40
April 13, 1945, four days after the00:30:43
official surrender of the Königsberg garrison,00:30:46
this ship, which bore the name Mars, in an00:30:49
atmosphere of general panic, left for the last00:30:52
time coast of East Prussia, the00:30:59
ship housed four and a half00:31:01
thousand refugees, the crowd on these decks00:31:04
was such that not every one of them had the00:31:06
opportunity to board; they took only00:31:08
those who had special permission from the00:31:10
Gauleiter to evacuate; people00:31:13
had only what they could00:31:15
carry with them. in the hands, however, about 120 thousand00:31:19
people who did not find a place on the00:31:21
leaving courts remained in the broken00:31:24
city, they simply had nowhere to go,00:31:26
and to the higher and politicians did not determine their00:31:29
fate, they waited,00:31:31
hoped and survived,00:31:34
kicked people out of the apartments who00:31:37
were still all had to leave and when00:31:42
they cried that with the children, where should we go on00:31:44
the street, they said this is Stalin’s order and00:31:48
we are carrying it out, you also did the same to us,00:31:53
and now we will do the same to you, nothing00:31:58
could be taken, only that I was in your00:32:01
hands, everything remained in the premises and the00:32:08
Russians were settled there we were then in the basements,00:32:13
then we were kicked out of the basements00:32:16
and throughout East Prussia, one village to00:32:21
another, they drove us like cattle and everywhere there was crack00:32:26
noise, people themselves had already become like beasts of war,00:32:36
cruel laws and they were the same for everyone, a00:32:39
fiery boomerang launched from here in00:32:42
June of forty-one to Russia Forty-00:32:44
fifth hit hard on those who00:32:47
least expected it.00:32:48
In the end, in accordance with the decisions of the00:32:50
Potsdam conference, Stalin recognized that00:32:53
East Prussia no longer existed,00:32:56
decided on the wholesale00:32:58
deportation of all Germans without exception from the00:33:00
new Soviet territory, despite the00:33:03
desire of many to stay,00:33:05
all local residents began to load00:33:07
your their bosom went to the west 4900:33:11
[music]00:33:26
new depopulated and unfamiliar cities and00:33:29
farms needed to be urgently restored and00:33:32
settled00:33:43
46 in the forty-seventh year,00:33:45
about00:33:46
200 thousand migrants arrived in the Kaliningrad region, according to the order00:33:49
signed by Stalin himself,00:33:52
recruiters recruited volunteers in 27 regions of the00:33:54
Russian Federation and in Belarus, well00:33:57
Of course, they came here in the hope of getting a00:33:59
job and a roof over their heads. Of course,00:34:02
not everyone got a visa because there were few entire apartments in the00:34:04
city. It00:34:06
often happened that a new family moved into a00:34:10
new apartment with their samovar00:34:11
and had absolutely no idea that the00:34:15
old house and the German owners were huddling in the basement of the same house.00:34:20
imagine housing Russians were hammered00:34:25
we had no roof on our heads just00:34:28
cups and spoons nothing then00:34:38
we climbed through the basements 5 children crawled00:34:48
mother or dead children screamed00:34:52
multi-remote children you county00:34:55
mom mom something to eat and mother00:34:58
died she chokes big belly hands on00:35:03
we collected the bird of these children and in the basement00:35:11
or the world of Azeroth missed the last ones,00:35:14
he lived to the west in which his parents left,00:35:17
she stayed forever, the cruel00:35:21
logic of war turned out to be stronger than her00:35:24
desire to be with her family, she00:35:26
stayed to restore her hometown from the ruins,00:35:29
she learned to speak a foreign language, which00:35:32
soon became languages and among the children, but we were the00:35:36
last ones left, there were a spy and I did00:35:38
n’t even know what a spy was, the place was00:35:41
asking everyone, they were praying, they said that they say00:35:44
that your God will give you,00:35:47
and I always say with us and it will be00:35:57
the same, I say justice cannot be00:36:00
crossed out or given specific00:36:05
instructions to forget the history of Königsberg in00:36:07
Kaliningrad this will not work and there00:36:10
is no need to connect it only with that00:36:14
page of the history of this land00:36:16
which is marked by fascism,00:36:20
great people lived here, worked, the Tanta infuriates this00:36:24
list can be continued for a00:36:26
very long time, these are people of world renown00:36:29
who have contributed significant and significant to the world cultural00:36:33
heritage a significant contribution and00:36:35
we respect this00:36:39
[music]00:36:45
[music]00:37:14
from the day of its foundation this ancient00:37:16
cathedral was the heart of the city in the 16th00:37:20
century, Duke Albrecht00:37:22
announced the creation of a secular00:37:24
state here in the mid-18th century, Immanuel00:37:27
Kant, together with his townspeople,00:37:29
took the oath of allegiance to the Russian00:37:31
Empress Elizabeth Petrovna in the middle of the00:37:34
twentieth century, the cathedral burned down after00:37:36
the bombing of British aircraft at the beginning of the 21st00:37:40
century, it was reborn and unites00:37:43
the past and present of this land,00:37:46
unites two peoples who for many00:37:48
years were both00:37:49
allies and opponents, and today there are00:37:53
waves of desire to build a new Europe together00:38:01
[music]Description:
Была уже весна 1945 года, советские войска всё дальше уходили на запад, но ещё оставался город Кёнигсберг (теперешний Калининград) в Восточной Пруссии.
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