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Russian
00:00:04
good afternoon, today we are back in00:00:06
history class, my name is Anna and we00:00:09
will talk to you about the beginning of European00:00:11
colonization in countries such as India,00:00:14
China and Japan, it is00:00:16
traditionally customary to call India and00:00:19
China and Japan agrarian states00:00:21
or, strictly speaking, traditional00:00:24
states, what are they and so00:00:26
the term traditional state or00:00:28
traditional society is a society00:00:32
that is completely subject to traditions00:00:34
and customs that are written down in certain00:00:37
social norms and social postulates,00:00:39
while the leading activity of a00:00:41
traditional society is agriculture,00:00:45
therefore it is customary to call a traditional00:00:47
society also agrarian or, as00:00:50
opposed to an industrial society, pre-00:00:53
industrial societies and so India,00:00:56
China, Japan, these are00:00:58
agricultural traditional00:01:00
societies,00:01:01
how did European00:01:03
colonization develop in these societies, did00:01:06
the Europeans manage to subjugate these00:01:09
powerful powers?00:01:21
life in this country and the00:01:24
ruler of Kabul, this territory of00:01:26
modern Afghanistan, named Babur,00:01:30
invaded the territory of India in 152600:01:32
and it was he who laid the foundation of a great00:01:37
empire which was called the00:01:40
Mughal Empire.00:01:41
Unfortunately, Babur lived on the territory of00:01:45
India, which he captured for only00:01:47
a few years in 1530 he is dying, but00:01:51
nevertheless, he managed to do a lot, he will00:01:54
reveal himself as an emperor in India,00:01:57
the emperors were called by such a title, a00:02:00
term like the padishah, he00:02:02
patronized the development of the craft00:02:04
of trade and his successors, fortunately,00:02:08
continued the development of the Mughal Empire,00:02:10
who are the Mughals, the term Mughal00:02:15
can very simply translates from the00:02:18
Persian language this is a Mongol, that is,00:02:21
everyone in India was called this way,00:02:25
they called all the Muslims who came to this00:02:28
country called Maguls, so the empire of the00:02:31
great Mughals00:02:32
can rightfully also be called00:02:35
the empire of the great Mongols, but there00:02:37
will be no such mistake, it’s just00:02:39
the sound from the Persian language, it’s googol00:02:42
and so how The further00:02:47
development of the Mughal Empire took shape00:02:48
from this, as Babur had already ceased to rule,00:02:52
firstly, as you understand, Babor came00:02:56
from Afghanistan before he was a Muslim,00:02:59
so it was very important for the00:03:02
Muslim ruler to build relations with the00:03:04
Indians with the indigenous population who00:03:07
were not Muslims at all in their00:03:10
religious00:03:11
faith, so what? for the religion00:03:14
such Islam is preached by00:03:16
Muslims Islam is the youngest of the00:03:19
three existing world religions00:03:22
which arose in the seventh century AD00:03:25
on the territory of the Arabian Peninsula and00:03:27
this religion is monotheistic, that is, it00:03:30
implies a belief in one god00:03:32
Allah and that this blog has a00:03:36
prophet an envoy named Muhammad, so00:03:39
the fact that the non-Muslim rulers of the00:03:43
Mughal Empire did not oppress the00:03:47
Indians allowed, on religious00:03:49
grounds, allowed the Indians to preserve00:03:52
all the diversity of their00:03:54
national religion, and00:03:58
Hinduism is still widespread in India, then this00:04:00
national religion of India00:04:04
implies Hinduism, in contrast to00:04:07
Islam, for example from Christianity, belief00:04:10
in many gods, but especially00:04:13
this trinity that you see on the slide is revered;00:04:16
these are the gods Brahma Vishnu and Shiva, but they are not particularly00:04:19
revered in India; there is such a00:04:22
diversity of religious and cultural before00:04:24
in India there was a neighborhood of Muslims00:04:27
and the religion Hinduism was00:04:31
another remarkable moment in the era00:04:35
the existence of the Mughal Empire00:04:37
was the reign of Akbar, who spent from00:04:41
1556 to 1605, he guided00:04:46
the country on the principle of peace for all and00:04:49
carried out a whole series of very successful reforms, he00:04:52
increased the territory of the state many times over the throat00:04:53
form of management,00:04:56
tax reform, while he was such a00:05:00
strong00:05:01
ruler and believed that the00:05:04
monarch had absolutely no need for idleness and laziness,00:05:06
therefore he interfered in all matters00:05:08
happening in the state, but at the same time,00:05:11
of course, he relied on his officials,00:05:13
and also as a patron of the craft00:05:16
of trade, he issued a decree that prohibited00:05:19
prisoners of war from being enslaved and00:05:23
proclaimed the equality of all religions,00:05:27
unfortunately in some the moment of the reign of the00:05:32
emperor, who stood at the head of the00:05:34
Great Mughal Empire, until it ceased to bear00:05:37
fruit, why did this happen because00:05:39
Indian society itself was00:05:42
very disunited by the00:05:43
caste system that existed there, you00:05:46
remember that in India there are four00:05:49
castes, yes these are Brahmins and Vaishyas and Kshatriyas00:05:52
and Shudras and the transition from one caste to00:05:55
another is completely impossible, and this00:05:57
disunity and order for it interfered with00:06:01
the centralization of the state, and the second00:06:04
reason why the Mughal empire00:06:06
came to an end was that the empire00:06:09
constantly waged countless00:06:11
wars of conquest, which00:06:13
greatly weakened it, thus the00:06:16
provinces began to separate from the capital00:06:19
alone after another, the padishah actually00:06:23
lost all the fullness of his power and00:06:25
became such a nominal ruler,00:06:27
and all this leads to the fact that in 173900:06:32
India was conquered by the Persian00:06:35
conqueror Nadir Shah who burst00:06:38
into the capital of India and destroyed a large00:06:41
number of inhabitants, unfortunately, and that’s00:06:44
it the existence of the Mughal Empire00:06:46
can be considered complete,00:06:50
how Europeans showed themselves in00:06:53
this richest country from their point of view,00:06:56
Portugal, France and England fought for India. The00:06:59
first00:07:02
representatives of Europeans who00:07:04
ended up in India were the Portuguese,00:07:06
they owned numerous bases and00:07:09
founded a number of cities, and then00:07:12
later The Dutch penetrated the territory of India00:07:14
and even they were more00:07:17
interested in Indonesia; this part of India00:07:20
began to be called Dutch India,00:07:22
so there were many Dutch there; all00:07:25
the Europeans really thought that00:07:27
India had untold riches, so they were00:07:30
very attracted to this country, but00:07:33
the most fierce rivalry00:07:34
erupted between England and France. the00:07:36
fact that England managed to found the00:07:40
East India Company and this East India00:07:43
Company, with the sting of the monopoly of that00:07:46
trading company, it owned a00:07:48
monopoly on the export of such spices00:07:52
as pepper from India, respectively, pepper was very00:07:54
popular in Europe in general, spices were00:07:57
very popular and therefore the00:08:00
pepper trade moved The East India Company00:08:02
simply made fabulous profits.00:08:05
How did the East India00:08:07
Company develop? In 1600,00:08:10
various trading posts were created in00:08:13
India; later they even built a00:08:16
special city of Calcutta on the land00:08:18
that was allocated for the British by the Great00:08:21
Mogul; the00:08:22
Indians began to00:08:24
work for the British for a certain fee and we We can00:08:27
tell you that in00:08:29
1757, after the capture of Bengal, this00:08:34
corporation created by the East India00:08:36
Company became a great00:08:38
colonial empire when England00:08:40
actually enslaved India until it00:08:43
repaired both itself and its trade00:08:46
interests, what was left for France to do00:08:48
in such a situation, France left for itself00:08:51
only several trading points, several00:08:54
fortresses and actually lost the fight00:08:56
with England for the possession of Indian00:08:59
wealth00:09:01
in China, the situation with European00:09:04
colonization developed as follows:00:09:07
at the beginning of the 17th century, the ruling00:09:10
Ming dynasty in China was in a state of decline,00:09:13
in contrast to this, in the northeast of00:09:16
China, modern China, the00:09:19
Manchu Russian00:09:21
state intensified which began to make00:09:24
numerous ruinous raids on00:09:27
China in China itself, in the capital in Beijing,00:09:30
popular uprisings began and what the00:09:32
Chinese feudal lords did, they entered into an00:09:35
agreement with the Mongol conquerors and00:09:38
simply opened the door of Beijing00:09:41
for the entrance of the Manchu cavalry,00:09:44
thus the Manchu00:09:46
conquest of China took place and was established in China a00:09:49
new dynasty that is called the00:09:51
Qing dynasty and it lasted until00:09:55
1911. According to its structure, the00:09:59
Manchu government was00:10:01
despotic, while the Manchus kept themselves00:10:04
very isolated, even00:10:06
marriages between the Manchus and the Chinese were prohibited. The00:10:10
head of the state was the emperor,00:10:13
who had unlimited power and the00:10:17
Qing dynasty waged endless00:10:19
wars of conquest00:10:21
what happened next despite the fact that00:10:24
initially China was open to00:10:26
Europeans and, again, as in the case of00:10:29
India, the first Europeans who00:10:31
visited China were the Portuguese in00:10:35
1537, they founded a colony, but00:10:38
nevertheless the situation did not develop very00:10:40
successfully, English and French merchants00:10:43
also visited China, but a decision was made in00:10:47
1757 to close China to Europeans,00:10:50
and foreign trade was prohibited00:10:54
in all ports except the port of00:10:56
Guangzhou, respectively, and Europeans00:10:59
were forbidden to settle outside this00:11:02
city; the Chinese, under pain of00:11:04
death, were not allowed to teach Europeans the00:11:07
Chinese language, that is, in fact,00:11:10
China the self-isolation regime left, why00:11:13
was this done because the Chinese00:11:16
heard rumors about how00:11:18
Europeans behave in neighboring countries, how00:11:21
colonialist00:11:24
policies are aggressive and the Chinese decided to00:11:26
close their country to Europeans, a00:11:28
similar situation happened and in Japan,00:11:32
initially Japan came to power00:11:35
all the time the term sega itself designates a00:11:39
military leader is a person who00:11:42
actually exercised all the00:11:45
actual power in contrast to the00:11:47
nominal power of the emperor, and now the00:11:50
famous shogun turned out to be00:11:53
Tokugawa forest, you see him in the portrait, here is00:11:56
such a00:11:58
man before the samurai, a very formidable one who00:12:01
pursued a certain policy, what he00:12:03
did before his reign wears name00:12:06
Tokugawa shogunate,00:12:08
firstly, he carried out a reform of the government of the00:12:10
country, completely made the power of the00:12:13
emperor, the nominal emperor00:12:16
could now deal only with matters of religion,00:12:18
deal with the affairs of his imperial00:12:21
court, and there was nothing more, even he00:12:25
gave the emperor his son as a00:12:28
hostage to the shogun in order to00:12:30
emphasize his submission to what00:12:33
it is the shogun who has the real power,00:12:35
not the emperor,00:12:37
this went on for quite a long time and in the00:12:41
end this leads to the fact that all00:12:43
data in Japan made the same decision00:12:46
as in China, that is, they decided to00:12:48
close Japan to Europeans, although00:12:51
look, since 1542, the Portuguese00:12:55
have been to Japan again, the Japanese they were called00:12:58
southern barbarians, they successfully traded with00:13:02
them, they bought crossbows and muskets from them, the00:13:05
Japanese needed weapons, they00:13:07
only had edged weapons, domici, so they became00:13:10
very interested in00:13:12
firearms, but with the further development00:13:15
of trade, it stopped despite the fact00:13:18
that thanks to the visit of Europeans,00:13:22
give this era great00:13:23
geographical discoveries, the Japanese learned00:13:26
in general that there are creatures in other countries,00:13:28
that the world is not limited to intimate China and00:13:31
Japan, there are other countries and there is a00:13:33
Christian faith, but all this00:13:35
came to an end, it was decided00:13:38
to close Japan and00:13:40
European ships were forbidden to00:13:42
approach the Japanese coast under the00:13:45
fear that if this what happens is that the00:13:48
crew will be completely destroyed,00:13:50
the ship will be sunk until the00:13:52
Europeans do not even come close, and00:13:54
this happened in the thirties of the 17th century,00:13:57
Japan was closed,00:13:59
that is, we can say that00:14:02
European colonization,00:14:05
having begun, ended, and only one00:14:08
country from those represented, India,00:14:10
continued to cooperate with the Europeans00:14:13
but00:14:16
I will also tell you about the future fate of the inhabitants of the east in the00:14:18
next lessons, thanks for the lessonDescription:
В этом видеоуроке по истории мы поговорим о начале европейской колонизации в Индии, Китае и Японии. 📌Содержание: 0:00 Вступление 0:24 Термин «традиционное общество» 1:15 Империя Великих Монголов в Индии 2:14 Термин «могол» 2:52 Термин «ислам» 4:03 Термин «индуизм» 4:30 Правления Акбара 5:26 Конец Империи Великих Моголов 6:50 Борьба Португалии, Франции и Англии за Индию 8:04 Индийские владения Англии 9:00 Маньчжурское завоевание Китая 9:57 Маньчжурская деспотия 10:20 «Закрытие» Китая 11:29 Правление сёгунов в Японии 12:42 «Закрытие» Японии ⏭ Все уроки по Истории 7 класс: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrpAqXzEvTywfei9c06M6op1QDTor6b-F ______________ Присоединяйтесь к нам! Онлайн-школа №1 — это образование в любой точке мира с аттестатом государственного образца. Поступить в Онлайн-школу №1: https://onlineschool-1.ru/ 👉 Следите за новостями школы в социальных сетях: Вконтакте: https://vk.com/onlineshkola_1 Instagram: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser?_rdc=1&_rdr
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