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Russian
00:00:08
Good afternoon dear friends these are lessons00:00:10
stories with Tamara Delman Today we00:00:13
let's talk about the final years00:00:15
World War II Thanks everyone00:00:17
thanks to Whom we are recording this lecture00:00:20
to our patrons on our patreon00:00:22
sponsors on YouTube to those who support us00:00:23
supports boost and00:00:26
of course, as always, please ask for likes and00:00:29
reposts00:00:30
you will support us very much and so00:00:33
way00:00:37
also at the beginning of '4400:00:40
Stalin met with the Yugoslav00:00:42
communists and the memory of this00:00:44
a very interesting person left the meeting00:00:46
milovan djilas who was one of00:00:48
leaders of the Yugoslav Communist Party00:00:51
then he will become one of the dissidents right00:00:53
famous defender and here he is00:00:56
writes down what Stalin told them to his00:01:00
like people you can joke with00:01:03
you might think that we if we00:01:06
the allies of the British forgot who they are and who00:01:10
Churchill they have no greater joy than00:01:13
[ __ ] on your allies in the First00:01:15
they constantly let down the world and00:01:18
Russians and French and Churchill Churchill He00:01:21
such that if not the coast you have it00:01:24
a penny from the duck's pocket no yes a penny from00:01:27
by God, a penny from my pocket00:01:31
Roosevelt Roosevelt is not what he puts it in00:01:34
hand Only for larger pieces00:01:37
Churchill and Churchill for a penny00:01:41
imagine how they laughed00:01:43
Yugoslav communists00:01:45
wonderful jokes of the leader but understandable00:01:47
what was hidden behind them00:01:49
a certain attitude can be said like this00:01:51
what was hidden Very sharp and important00:01:54
a problem that has always existed but00:01:58
she really comes to the surface00:02:00
only broke out somewhere at the end00:02:01
forty-third early forty-four00:02:03
the Soviet Union on the one hand and00:02:05
England and the USA, on the other hand, were absolutely00:02:09
these were two different countries00:02:11
democratic countries and dictatorship of none00:02:14
I didn’t forget, although naturally we tried not to00:02:17
remember that since the thirty-ninth00:02:20
year and until June forty-first Soviet00:02:22
The Union was an ally of Germany lecture about00:02:26
thirty-ninth forty-first years in00:02:28
this cycle we called the Union of Cannibals and00:02:31
it really is two cannibals Stalin00:02:33
and Hitler conspired with each other00:02:36
divided Europe and decided who had which lands00:02:39
who will conquer which countries and00:02:42
acted in accordance with these00:02:48
agreements, they believe that Stalin too00:02:51
I was going to break it, I just didn’t have time, but00:02:54
it's not even a matter of whether it's true or not00:02:57
we won't go into this now00:02:59
The point is that of course between00:03:01
Hitler's Germany and Stalin's00:03:04
the Soviet Union had a lot in common00:03:07
political structure of relations00:03:09
state and society politics a lot00:03:11
why and why don’t I hate it00:03:15
saying it's not hard for me to say it00:03:17
but of course the rapprochement of the USSR and Germany00:03:20
which occurred after the signing of the pact00:03:22
Molotov re Bent it was logical this00:03:26
the agreement was a shock, of course it was00:03:29
great surprise and surprise for00:03:31
The Soviet Union has always represented everyone00:03:34
itself as the main anti-fascist country and00:03:36
suddenly conspired with the fascist country But00:03:39
on the other hand Today we will say This00:03:41
hardly surprising Today we have already seen00:03:43
so many00:03:45
unions coalitions associations joint00:03:48
actions of communists and fascists in Russia00:03:52
Well, there’s nothing particularly surprising here00:03:55
rather, one should be surprised that in00:03:57
first year after Hitler's attack on00:03:59
Soviet Union00:04:00
and Great Britain and the United States00:04:04
supported the Soviet Union helped00:04:07
provided enormous economic support00:04:09
technical diplomatic and so on00:04:12
and so on, they could rub their hands and00:04:16
say That serves you right and numerous00:04:18
Soviet textbooks wrote that00:04:20
the policy of appeasing the aggressor which00:04:22
carried out by England and France in the thirties00:04:24
years was caused primarily by desire00:04:27
English and French politicians00:04:29
Hitler's rule over the Soviet Union already00:04:32
the fact of how Churchill reacted00:04:35
the French were already reacting in a new way00:04:38
because they were captured as00:04:39
reacted Roosevelt is already saying that00:04:41
it's not that simple no love for00:04:44
They do not support communism in the Soviet Union00:04:46
experienced and it is no coincidence that Stalin00:04:48
Yugoslavs will explain Oh, have we forgotten Who00:04:50
such Churchill Churchill all his00:04:54
conscious life all my life in00:04:56
policy was consistent00:04:59
communist during the revolution in00:05:02
seventeenth year during the Civil00:05:04
he always opposed the war00:05:07
Communists are not by chance What we also talk about00:05:09
discussed in previous lectures by many00:05:12
I was surprised that Churchill Churchill is an enemy00:05:16
communists and he supports00:05:19
Stalin in support of Soviet Russia00:05:21
what Churchill explained to his secretary00:05:23
what if tomorrow Hitler goes to hell then00:05:25
Churchill will speak well about Satan in00:05:27
parliament and this is a clear position here00:05:30
we can discuss how moral she is00:05:33
we can discuss how effective it is00:05:36
but she quite logically let’s say the Enemy00:05:39
my enemy my friend if Hitler who00:05:42
Clearly was Britain's main enemy00:05:45
Well, Roosevelt Although America has not yet00:05:47
entered the war but understood that he00:05:50
Hitler is the enemy and the USA If Hitler attacks00:05:52
the Soviet Union must unite with00:05:54
the Soviet Union it happened like we did00:05:57
we know different agreements were signed00:06:01
very quickly the Soviet Union established00:06:03
diplomatic relations say with00:06:05
by the Polish government in exile00:06:07
by the Czechoslovak government in exile00:06:09
Well, let's say the Polish government00:06:11
ended up in exile largely thanks to00:06:13
support of the Soviet Union In the sense00:06:15
support provided to Germany now with00:06:17
they conclude an agreement in the spring00:06:20
forty-second year is concluded00:06:29
We talked about this in the lecture about00:06:32
Perm soro last year what a huge role00:06:34
played everything in the victory over the Nazis00:06:38
it seems clear and understandable but in reality00:06:40
not clear and incomprehensible because here in00:06:43
this Union in the anti-Hitler coalition00:06:46
where they met to shake each other00:06:49
hands made toasts at banquets00:06:52
exchanged messages but there was no love there00:06:55
was well, we can say that Roosevelt with00:06:58
than also relationships, we are also talking about this00:07:01
Let's talk But it's clear that it wasn't warm00:07:04
relations with Stalin and warm00:07:06
relations to the communist Soviet00:07:08
Union but we need to fight together what they and00:07:12
do But then disagreements begin00:07:15
disagreements in the early years of the war00:07:18
just revolved around the second front00:07:21
this is what is commonly called the second00:07:24
front what is wrong and what00:07:27
creates some kind of fake00:07:30
a little bit of a picture of the war because00:07:33
It’s correct, of course, to say the Second Front in00:07:35
Europe, Stalin sought from his00:07:37
allies immediately from the first days00:07:40
conclusion of all these agreements he00:07:43
tried to ensure that Great Britain00:07:45
then America too when they enter00:07:47
war so they can strike Hitler00:07:51
so that they land in Europe and so00:07:54
way they took over part of the huge00:07:58
The oud of force that Hitler threw at00:08:01
Eastern Front Quite logical approximately00:08:05
This is how relations with the allies developed00:08:07
During the First World War when00:08:11
Germany was forced to fight00:08:13
two fronts and this greatly weakened her00:08:15
position is quite clear and quite logical00:08:18
Why does Stalin want this further?00:08:20
Molotov's problems begin, People's Commissar00:08:23
Foreign Affairs comes to London00:08:25
in the spring of forty-two and spends there00:08:27
negotiations he tries with all his might00:08:30
and his foreign minister in that00:08:33
that it is necessary not only to conclude an English00:08:36
They concluded the Soviet Union for 20 years00:08:39
Naturally, he ordered to live long after00:08:41
war, but we need to agree on the opening00:08:44
second front in Europe Churchill is very00:08:47
understands well the limitations of his powers00:08:50
he understands perfectly well that Great Britain00:08:52
no Lude sko vtm00:08:58
bringing more and more people into this meat grinder00:09:01
for Stalin there were no problems here at all00:09:03
for Cherche there was a moral problem in addition to00:09:06
It was simply unrealistic00:09:08
Great Britain has a huge army, here they are00:09:12
rescued her, took her out of Dunkirk so that she00:09:15
again throw across the English Channel to France00:09:18
Molotov went to America and talked to00:09:21
Roosevelt Roosevelt who so much00:09:23
time sought entry into the war for00:09:26
which was very important Confrontation00:09:29
He's ready for Hitler Well, he has an army00:09:32
more Or maybe he is further away00:09:35
but he is ready to take part in this and he00:09:37
I agree that in forty-two00:09:39
The Second Molotov Front was opened00:09:41
returns with these considerations to00:09:44
England But there’s nothing more to object to here00:09:46
and the contract was signed but in our past00:09:48
lectures we talked about how tragic00:09:52
the situation developed at the end of the soro00:09:54
first at the beginning of the second year when00:09:57
to everyone, or almost everyone thought that00:10:01
The anti-Hitler coalition is just around the corner00:10:03
will lose the war, the Germans will win00:10:05
Eastern Front In the south where they smash00:10:10
the red army in Crimea where they are huge00:10:13
number of troops are surrounded near Kharkov00:10:15
and destroy and capture Sevastopol already00:10:18
then they go to Stalingrad Rommel00:10:20
occurs in Egypt among the Americans00:10:22
huge problems and gigantic battles00:10:26
in the Pacific in this situation00:10:28
It is absolutely clear that the Second Front is in00:10:30
Impossible for Europe Well, that is, it is possible00:10:32
just how suicidal00:10:34
which will lead to little or nothing00:10:37
if the British army collapses, who will00:10:41
will prevent Hitler from carrying out00:10:43
invasion of Great Britain and Churchill This00:10:46
understands very well the army is not ready00:10:48
By the way, it turned out later that’s when00:10:50
The American army entered the war00:10:53
it turned out that actually, well, the army00:10:55
a lot of money, a lot of money, but they don’t fight00:10:58
very good at somehow completely00:11:00
ready for some such grandiose00:11:02
operations Roosevelt Well and first of all00:11:04
Churchill begins to drag out to explain that00:11:06
this is impossible, this is all terribly infuriating00:11:09
both the authorities and simply the Soviet people00:11:12
which of course is waiting for some kind of support00:11:14
and don’t think about the fact that there is support00:11:16
Linley for saying that there is war in others00:11:19
places Well, of course they hope for this in the summer00:11:22
'42 Churchill flew to00:11:24
Moscow for talks on various issues00:11:27
but in particular to explain00:11:29
Stalin that this year the Second Front will not00:11:31
will be opened Stalin was furious00:11:33
most perfect00:11:34
and they communicated poorly with Cherche and Stalin00:11:38
Churchill spoke in every possible way and00:11:40
so you gave up your hands there Well, in general, not00:11:42
it all worked out too well but00:11:44
Stalin was put in general before00:11:46
fact, of course there is talk about a second front00:11:48
are going on going on going on00:11:51
next Battle of Stalingrad next00:11:55
victorious offensive of the British in00:11:57
Egypt Allied landings in North00:12:00
Africa by May forty-three as we00:12:03
last time they said Northern00:12:05
Africa is all in the hands of the allies, that's all00:12:07
this theater of war is over00:12:11
the allies won here, which means they have00:12:14
their hands are free they have some00:12:17
Churchill and Roosevelt possibilities00:12:19
specially met in Casablanca00:12:21
In general, Stalin’s name was also not Stalin00:12:25
I really wanted to fly there to them, but Stalin00:12:27
I didn’t like flying at all, I was afraid00:12:29
but he just didn’t want to fly there00:12:31
because he understood00:12:33
that they will again explain to him that the Second00:12:35
the front is impossible and it is completely impossible for him00:12:37
I wanted to listen to this one more time00:12:39
Roosevelt and Churchill discuss different00:12:41
options and in general it doesn't add up00:12:43
only to these two people because00:12:45
British and American command00:12:50
there were very different00:12:52
let's say Americans have many tendencies00:12:56
They really believed that it was necessary first of all00:12:59
focus on the Pacific and00:13:01
deal with Japan but there was a tendency00:13:03
the opposite of what is not allowed00:13:05
refuse the war in Europe and they do not00:13:08
refused as we know in the UK00:13:12
Well, in general, it was clear to everyone that00:13:14
it is impossible to land again for now00:13:17
Europe and therefore also last time00:13:20
we were talking about them instead00:13:22
are developing a huge program of night00:13:25
bombing of German cities Well00:13:28
which caused horror then and difficult00:13:30
the attitude of historians today but00:13:34
getting north africa naturally00:13:37
the allies begin to act further in00:13:39
Europe and landed in Sicily and00:13:42
Italy where is the Truth After a few00:13:45
military operations are stuck for months and00:13:48
it turns out that the north of Italy is busy00:13:50
The south is occupied by the Germans and the Americans00:13:53
by the British and further in general combat00:13:55
actions are going rather sluggishly But still00:13:57
so they also pulled back some of their divisions00:14:01
They opened a new front and this is of course00:14:05
in many ways it was Churchill's idea that He00:14:11
pushing carried out the thought that00:14:14
allies need to open the Second00:14:16
front When there is strength but this Second00:14:19
the front should be in the Balkans00:14:21
caused Stalin's terrible indignation and00:14:24
this caused, in general, some00:14:27
dissatisfaction in general and surprise in00:14:30
What's the logic here? Well, it's absolutely00:14:32
it is understandable naturally at that moment00:14:34
openly No doubts were spoken now00:14:37
Churchill understood this very well00:14:41
that the Red Army will win, but already00:14:44
there by the beginning of forty-three I see00:14:47
no one can predict how much longer00:14:48
there will be battles, how much blood will be shed, but then00:14:51
that the Red Army is defeating the Germans00:14:54
clear and that means that she will be released in00:14:56
Europe And this00:14:58
means it will take some00:15:00
territory is actually what starting00:15:03
from the age of seventeen everyone was very afraid00:15:06
back in the days when the Bolsheviks00:15:08
preached world revolution00:15:10
The Red Army will come and commit00:15:12
revolution and the Red Army tried it00:15:15
she tried to do it in00:15:16
in the twentieth year when she fought with Poland and00:15:18
they marched with slogans to Warsaw to Berlin00:15:21
She basically tried to do it00:15:24
having conspired with Hitler So now00:15:27
soviet allied troops00:15:30
and America will go to Europe and what’s there00:15:33
won't they take up the world again?00:15:35
revolution or at least00:15:37
establishing one's power therefore00:15:40
proceeded from the assumption that if they land00:15:42
in the Balkans the British Americans and00:15:45
then they will go from the Balkans to the north like this00:15:48
how they will limit the influence of the Soviet00:15:52
authorities They are territory00:15:57
Amiya in many of which Roosevelt sun00:16:01
terribly annoying what is this00:16:03
politician Roosevelt was far away Despite00:16:07
to the fact that Roosevelt changed a lot in00:16:10
American life But this is the idea00:16:12
what about your European affairs? This is this00:16:15
your affairs, she even lived in it despite00:16:18
on how he wanted to fight fascism00:16:21
but the Church doesn’t want the union of communism00:16:27
there seems to be an incomprehensible discrepancy between them and00:16:33
at first Well, roughly speaking, not before00:16:36
Churchill managed to convince everyone what was needed00:16:40
disembark in Italy And from Italy already before00:16:42
Balkanton maybe So go and00:16:45
implement this plan But a lot of things00:16:48
takes place in forty-three00:16:50
Kurdish battle here they are fighting in Italy00:16:53
bombings in Germany battles in00:16:56
There's a lot to be resolved in the Pacific, but00:16:59
by the end of the forty-third year very good00:17:03
you can see what huge gigantic changes00:17:06
occurred on the territory of the Soviet Union00:17:08
The Red Army won Stalingrad00:17:10
many dozens fell into the cauldron during the battle00:17:14
thousands of German soldiers on Red00:17:17
Army00:17:18
moves from Stalingrad west along00:17:21
Sea of Azov in the Don region Germans00:17:24
fleeing the Caucasus before they are blocked00:17:27
the blockade of Leningrad in the north is broken00:17:29
a lot of things going on Hitler is trying00:17:32
let's say so the battle begins00:17:35
on the Kursk Bulge which ends00:17:37
also a victory of the Red Army by defeat00:17:40
fascists again the Red Army goes into00:17:42
offensive the Germans are retreating from the south00:17:46
Russia's Soviet troops move to00:17:49
territory of Ukraine with incredible00:17:52
with losses, crosses the Dnieper, occupy Kyiv 600:17:56
November then there is a stop00:17:58
because indeed the troops were already00:18:00
completely unable to do anything00:18:02
after the terrible Battle of Kursk after these00:18:05
battles for the Dnieper then at the very end00:18:07
December there will be attempts to move to00:18:09
offensive in Ukraine but again for now00:18:12
pause but it is absolutely clear that00:18:15
further there will be a powerful offensive and the Germans00:18:18
In general, they are about to be thrown out of the territory of the USSR00:18:21
Well, we need to decide what needs to happen next.00:18:24
agree on what to do next And here in00:18:27
tehran in neutral tehran whose00:18:30
however, neutrality is ensured00:18:32
introduced there back in the forty-first year00:18:35
Soviet British troops in00:18:36
in neutral Tehran a large gathering is gathering00:18:38
troika Stalin Churchill Roosevelt they00:18:41
must develop a common strategy00:18:43
quite understandable They make speeches toasts00:18:48
Churchill gives a very beautiful sword from00:18:52
in the name of the king to the defenders of Stalingrad all00:18:55
thank you everything is wonderful and wonderful but00:18:59
in fact, everything is not so wonderful Roosevelt00:19:01
disabled person he moves on a wheelchair00:19:03
Stalin offers him a stroller00:19:06
stay at the Soviet embassy what00:19:08
he does what he thought00:19:10
Churchill is interesting, but British00:19:13
the embassy is located opposite00:19:16
still not here and of course mostly00:19:19
Churchill comes to Roosevelt in a wheelchair00:19:22
to discuss some issues with him00:19:24
Stalin was completely amazed how00:19:26
they talked calmly and frankly00:19:28
naturally there were bugs in the rooms00:19:30
Roosevelt but I think they understood it00:19:33
the fact that Roosevelt00:19:35
stops as a guest of Stalin too already00:19:38
talks a lot about the balance of power in Tehran00:19:41
the conference is fierce00:19:44
Stalin's evil aggressive opposition00:19:48
and the devil is behind all these smiles00:19:51
with gifts and toasts the struggle is already going on00:19:55
which will happen after the war00:19:57
form00:19:59
This is a question of where the Second will be opened00:20:02
front and Churchill is trying with all his might00:20:05
again, here’s to lobbying for this idea of yours00:20:08
Balkan soft underbelly00:20:11
Europe Stalin does not agree with this00:20:14
naturally no one says but we want00:20:17
land in the Balkans so you don't00:20:18
captured half of Europe Come on, we're all00:20:21
we'll capture half of Europe anyway00:20:23
this is not said about military details00:20:26
operations and life00:20:29
Stalin, he explained to his son that his00:20:31
bosses00:20:33
headquarters They told him it was less00:20:35
American soldiers will die if there is00:20:37
Landing in Normandy I do not presume to judge00:20:40
of course it would be in the Balkans too00:20:43
a huge number of victims in Normandy00:20:45
there were a huge number of victims00:20:47
Is this really as true as it was?00:20:49
Are these assessments objective or is Roosevelt00:20:51
some ideas, vague calculations00:20:54
just used it to00:20:55
defend your idea or maybe even in00:20:57
picu black00:20:59
I don't know the role anyway00:21:01
supports Stalin and00:21:03
Accordingly, they agree that00:21:06
The second front will be opened in May00:21:08
Normandy understands why in May because00:21:10
that any operations to cross La00:21:12
Mansha military, well there weren’t that many of them00:21:15
how we know England after William00:21:17
no one succeeded in conquering00:21:19
conquer the British several times00:21:21
were transported for military purposes but in00:21:24
in any case, from May to September about00:21:26
you can also say that the weather is so00:21:29
it's spoiling that it's impossible It's00:21:31
a very characteristic thing is planned00:21:33
in addition to this, it is already emerging in Tehran00:21:36
conversation about the future of Poland and this is very00:21:40
painful point is one of the most00:21:42
painful is exactly what they are talking about00:21:45
they preferred not to remember this Although00:21:48
of course everyone remembered the boundaries that00:21:51
were in Poland in '3900:21:54
disappeared because the western part of Poland00:21:56
Hitler captured and Eastern captured00:21:59
Stalin called these territories Western00:22:01
Ukraine Western Belarus00:22:03
included accordingly00:22:04
Ukrainian Belarusian SSR And everything And00:22:09
when they talk about00:22:12
restoration of post-war borders00:22:15
naturally Churchill and Roosevelt have in00:22:17
the appearance of the border when it still existed00:22:19
independent Poland and Stalin means00:22:21
those boundaries that arose after the beginning00:22:26
Second World War00:22:29
that is, at the moment when Eastern00:22:32
Poland's border has shifted sharply to the west00:22:35
because Stalin took away her land, he00:22:37
I’m even ready to compensate for these00:22:40
seized lands but not returning them00:22:43
compensate them in the west with lands00:22:46
Germany who will have her otty but so00:22:49
not to return what he then received and00:22:51
Here00:22:52
Of course it's scrapped00:22:57
provisions00:22:59
they help him they can't break00:23:01
their contacts with the Soviet Union issue00:23:04
is what to do with Poland to intercede00:23:07
actually they are always for her00:23:10
takes over a leaflet in Tehran which00:23:14
distributed in Poland by the Krava army00:23:16
main guerrilla force of Aks and Go00:23:18
look at this with them I have to00:23:20
you see on their flyer00:23:23
a portrait of Hitler and my portrait next to it00:23:26
they want to show that these are people00:23:28
enemies equally harmful to Poland00:23:30
Poland Well, it’s clear what they think00:23:33
Churchill said that this is how it is, but00:23:37
Of course they can't do that00:23:38
say and As usual with politicians it means00:23:42
Well, for now the question of Poland is postponed00:23:44
The second front is more important for us. Agreed.00:23:46
Agreed, the grandiose begins00:23:49
the most complex preparations for the invasion of00:23:52
Normandy during all the first months00:23:55
forty-four for this00:23:57
a lot of things were required00:23:58
it was necessary to transfer American00:24:00
troops were actually needed in England00:24:03
prepare a huge fleet that00:24:06
transported these troops required00:24:07
training of soldiers who were supposed to00:24:10
being able to land on the shore is very00:24:13
complicated matter Well, by May we had achieved a lot00:24:15
of course the famous one begins on June 6th00:24:19
Operation Overlord begins Dide00:24:23
Normandy landing in Europe must be understood00:24:25
that France was invaded by Germany00:24:28
in the fortieth year accordingly to this00:24:31
at the moment the Germans already have power here00:24:33
4 years during this time they created00:24:38
fantastic defense system They00:24:40
generally assumed that they could attack them00:24:42
this side to attack today00:24:44
Normandy you can see traces of these00:24:45
incredible fortifications built00:24:47
the Germans, moreover, they had a system00:24:51
amazing fortifications on sushi they are still00:24:53
they fortified the sea they covered the sea00:24:55
coast of France not only in Normandy00:24:58
because no one knew where it would be00:24:59
landing in huge numbers00:25:02
fantastic also mines of some networks00:25:06
the traps were magnetic mines which00:25:09
actually lay Well, almost at the bottom and00:25:11
they were very difficult to detect when00:25:13
they felt high above them00:25:15
is the metal bottom of the ship, then they00:25:18
rose and seemed to be glued to00:25:20
the ship and there were many, many explosions00:25:23
the English are talking about something else00:25:25
Americans knew about something no to00:25:29
in the spring of '44 no one00:25:31
knew where the British would land00:25:34
tried to plant fake ones on Hitler00:25:36
information that there may be a landing00:25:38
there will be a landing in the Calais area00:25:40
there were double agents further south00:25:43
who allegedly worked for the Germans on00:25:46
in fact there is a lot about the British00:25:49
was done but in Normandy they were also waiting00:25:53
were waiting for the attack Hitler didn't want it00:25:57
of course he had to believe00:25:59
like this00:26:01
self-defense despite the fact that different people acted00:26:03
also intelligence data00:26:06
he didn’t react to all this, he was like that00:26:09
famous spy story when a certain00:26:12
man contacted German diplomat00:26:16
said that he was the valet of the German ambassador00:26:18
he can take secret photos00:26:20
documents and began to transfer these00:26:22
documents to the Germans explaining this by saying that he00:26:25
hates the British and he really does00:26:27
handed over a huge amount of very valuable00:26:30
very interesting book00:26:33
Cicero's operation in all this and then00:26:35
he wrote the book himself I was Cicero00:26:37
this spy there were absolutely priceless00:26:39
information for the Germans on which they are in00:26:42
in general they didn’t react very well to him00:26:44
They believed it's true they paid him00:26:46
counterfeit money, that is, as it were00:26:48
it turned out that so well it happened00:26:52
he gave them information that they did not00:26:53
they believed him and gave him a lot of money but00:26:55
fake But this is the department we were waiting for anyway00:26:59
Hitler who had a lot00:27:02
problems on the Eastern Front in the spring forty00:27:05
fourth year, well, literally00:27:06
rejected all talk about the possibility00:27:09
the landing in Normandy is impossible00:27:12
will not happen meanwhile on the Eastern Front00:27:15
very turbulent events unfolded in00:27:18
the beginning of forty-four begins00:27:20
a powerful attack by several00:27:23
Ukrainian fronts of the Soviet00:27:25
territory of Ukraine German army00:27:28
rolls back with hard fights but00:27:30
rolls back from Hitler Again here and there00:27:33
such an ostrich policy is impossible00:27:35
retreat and he chose everything quite00:27:37
a large number of cities and towns00:27:39
which, as he believed, could not be handed over00:27:41
by any means what can he do for this00:27:43
do he, as always, believes in the power of spirit00:27:45
primarily predominant over weapons00:27:49
technology and other considerations therefore00:27:52
he calls these points fortresses00:27:57
If this is a fortress, you can’t surrender it. So what?00:28:00
do die but the advantage of the Soviet00:28:03
there were already so many troops00:28:05
great in many situations00:28:08
when the Germans start some city00:28:11
it’s easy to defend the Soviet troops00:28:13
bypassed and left some of the troops00:28:17
continue the siege continue fighting and walked00:28:19
then in the end the Germans don't care00:28:21
naturally gave up the most00:28:23
a place where for some time they were able00:28:27
slow down the offensive in the area00:28:30
city of Korsun Shevchenkovsky famous00:28:32
Korsun Shevchenko operation which00:28:34
then they were often called little Stalingrad00:28:36
because similar things happened there No00:28:39
retreat fight it was still winter00:28:42
January-February everything is covered in snow there00:28:44
troops bypassed and part of the Soviet troops00:28:47
took them into the cauldron, but this is different from00:28:49
Stalingrad was that they00:28:51
tried to break out of the cauldron and were00:28:55
completely destroyed crushed00:28:58
tanks there was a lot of interesting things there00:29:00
but Kors Shevchenko cauldron was00:29:02
liquidated and they move on quickly00:29:06
Soviet troops in Ukraine are here00:29:10
By the way, this thing also turns out00:29:14
which, well, was probably clear before00:29:18
this to the authorities but which again00:29:20
nothing was ever said it turns out00:29:22
the fact that not everyone is waiting for them here, that00:29:25
there is a huge Partisan here00:29:27
movement00:29:28
which they fight against the Nazis but00:29:31
we don’t fight against communists either00:29:33
Let's talk about this in detail now00:29:34
stop because it will of course00:29:35
separate lecture about Ukraine during00:29:38
World War II but just this one00:29:43
ambiguity00:29:44
situation it is visible in the example of Poland it00:29:47
visible in the example of Ukraine and the example00:29:49
many other countries regarding Ukraine00:29:52
it became clearly visible on February 29 forty00:29:55
fourth year when the car was general00:29:58
Tuna was ambushed by this ambush00:30:00
organized by the UPA fighters these same00:30:03
then really existed00:30:05
hips unlike today and00:30:08
Vatutin was mortally wounded very much00:30:10
a characteristic thing that is in a movie epic00:30:14
liberations issued at the end00:30:16
sixties early seventies and00:30:19
representing such00:30:22
ironed out Soviet version of war history00:30:26
at the same time Stalin's shooting galleries There batutin00:30:30
killed by the Germans because there were no others00:30:32
I had no strength and there was nothing to discuss00:30:34
despite all this, Soviet troops00:30:36
moving on the Germans have already been forced out of00:30:38
Ukraine is also so iconic00:30:41
moment that was always mentioned in00:30:44
textbooks in all of them00:30:46
historical texts00:30:48
And this is for many years still at school there. Let me say00:30:52
swallowed it without hesitation then in00:30:54
at some point I thought always everywhere00:30:55
said that March 26th is the year00:30:58
Soviet troops came out for the first time00:31:00
state border and this00:31:02
It was natural to make a big deal00:31:06
of our Motherland I remember that when I was studying00:31:09
at school there was a photo in the textbook00:31:12
Soviet soldier who installs00:31:15
Border post here on the border here00:31:18
as if restoring the borders of the Soviet00:31:20
Union Excellent very good Everything is correct00:31:22
The Soviet army is coming into trouble00:31:24
is that this pillar is this00:31:28
this exit to the border This was the exit to00:31:30
river pond along which the border passed00:31:33
between the Soviet Union and Romania but she00:31:36
took place after the thirty-ninth year00:31:38
after the Soviet Union forced00:31:41
Romania to give him Bessarabia and it was00:31:45
the first step is to show that of course Stalin00:31:48
is going to restore the borders00:31:50
the way he and Hitler made them00:31:54
and not the same as they were before the war00:31:56
these successes00:31:58
Soviet troops in the winter in the spring of forty something00:32:01
year they attract attention00:32:04
Hitler mainly and for some00:32:07
appeals even from generals00:32:10
commander00:32:11
he doesn't react too much, and if he does react00:32:15
then there will definitely be an Allied landing A00:32:18
you don't allow it and then comes 600:32:21
June co4 and allies Indeed00:32:24
landing it was certainly the most difficult00:32:26
completely operation00:32:28
I have been telling my students for many years00:32:31
and explained how difficult it is00:32:33
ships came and brought soldiers00:32:35
they brought equipment tanks guns this is necessary00:32:39
there was no way to unload the big ship00:32:41
maybe come to shore that was a problem00:32:42
in the forties with the evacuation in Dunkirk00:32:45
now the ship can’t just either00:32:47
to approach the shore means they are standing on00:32:50
some distance from the coast if they00:32:52
went through all these minefields at sea00:32:55
withstood the attacks of German aircraft00:32:58
soldiers unload onto small boats00:33:02
barges and they are transported to the shore00:33:05
takes place under constant fire00:33:08
even just such a huge unloading00:33:11
It’s not easy to do, but it’s all happening00:33:13
under fire I was recently in00:33:17
Normandy and saw these places where00:33:20
Allied landings took place and00:33:23
I felt one thing very clearly00:33:25
which I knew mentally before Well, here it is00:33:28
you won't really understand until you see it00:33:30
it is very difficult to land from the sea at all00:33:33
it is very difficult to land from the sea when00:33:35
you are still being shelled and watered00:33:38
endless artillery fire00:33:40
true, but these beaches are Normandy00:33:42
famous where everyone liked it so much00:33:44
it's very relaxing for secular society00:33:48
large very spacious flat00:33:51
absolutely beaches where there is absolutely nowhere00:33:53
take cover And above them is high, high00:33:56
shore00:33:59
cliffs and these cliffs are occupied by the Germans00:34:03
that is, first you just need to come from the sea00:34:13
got to the top, that is, it was00:34:16
incredibly complex operation preserved00:34:19
thank God for these amazing photos00:34:20
Roberta Cap of the Great Genius00:34:22
photographer who photographed events00:34:24
on this day, but he himself described his00:34:27
memories of how he fell into the water, held00:34:29
The camera was already filming everything above me00:34:32
This is the next famous story about what00:34:36
happened in London in a laboratory when00:34:39
These photographs were developed by a laboratory assistant somehow00:34:42
ruined most of them00:34:45
I would be very interested to know what00:34:46
what happened next with the laboratory assistant I don’t know thank you00:34:48
God has preserved several photographs00:34:51
Although they are out of focus maybe it is00:34:53
this gives it some kind of authenticity00:34:55
I can still feel this horror00:34:58
throughout the summer American00:35:01
British and French troops because00:35:04
that of course free France with de00:35:05
A golem whose authority is already very strong00:35:08
grown up also naturally takes part00:35:11
in disembarkation00:35:12
they move very slowly painfully00:35:17
forward too there were a lot of different ones00:35:20
complaints but Until today in00:35:23
the city of Le Havre is one of the centers where00:35:25
the landing took place in so many different ways00:35:28
relates to this because it’s natural00:35:31
Artillery support was needed00:35:34
who disembarked and moved on and00:35:36
Air support and Le Havre was00:35:39
bombed00:35:53
[music]00:35:57
then the lands in Normandy are divided into small00:36:02
plots each plot is fenced00:36:04
the fence is incredibly difficult for tanks to navigate00:36:07
literally had to take this path00:36:11
cut through here every one had to00:36:14
take the area by storm because it’s easy00:36:16
it was natural for the enemy to hide00:36:18
behind these bushes and the offensive is stalled00:36:22
it's slow, it's hard and we know that00:36:25
June 6 landed in Normandy Paris00:36:28
We only got there in mid-August00:36:30
there is something very happening here too00:36:32
not an easy operation at the same time in these00:36:36
or Summer days of '4400:36:39
The Soviet command is planning00:36:42
large-scale offensive in Belarus if00:36:45
in the first half of '4400:36:46
the main blow was dealt in Ukraine then00:36:49
the second half is planned to be the most powerful00:36:51
hit00:36:52
Belarus and this begins00:36:55
the famous Operation Bagration begins00:36:58
attacks on which Of course already00:37:00
The Germans have absolutely no strength and absolutely00:37:03
they are not able to defend themselves again00:37:06
the same thing Hitler appoints fortresses00:37:08
these fortresses are impossible to defend00:37:11
only increases the number of victims and00:37:13
Soviet troops are moving forward in this00:37:16
situations when Allied troops march along00:37:19
Soviet troops march across France00:37:21
Belarus00:37:23
There is an attempt on Hitler's life00:37:27
generally a little bit00:37:29
the accident did not end with his death and00:37:33
of course then all subsequent events00:37:37
could have gone very differently altogether00:37:39
I must say that the assassination attempt on Hitler00:37:41
there were assassination attempts on Hitler00:37:43
quite a lot we like to talk about00:37:46
the topic is that almost all of them were Germans00:37:49
happy00:37:51
They did not act as Hitler and did not resist00:37:55
but the majority of course were quite Yes00:37:58
but it is very characteristic that they were the most00:38:00
there are various speeches against Hitler00:38:03
I received an old lecture about resistance00:38:05
fascism where I talk about this in detail00:38:07
people from all walks of life00:38:09
intellectuals to completely simple ones00:38:11
people from the military to representatives00:38:13
churches tried to do something00:38:16
change something and that's what concerns00:38:19
military Well, of course Hitler didn’t00:38:21
I liked the military in Germany mostly00:38:24
aristocrats Well, if we are talking about high00:38:28
ranks this is an honorable profession00:38:30
hereditary profession passed down from00:38:33
father to son related to huge00:38:35
self-respect appears here, this is a corporal00:38:38
maybe even some things that00:38:39
he said they liked it there differently00:38:41
someone didn't like anything someone didn't like it00:38:44
something to someone, everything, but that's the guy himself00:38:47
Hitler, of course, was not very pleasant to them00:38:49
and on the one hand the military but actually00:38:51
military they chose a profession to00:38:53
fight But this does not mean at all that00:38:55
they want to really start a war always00:38:58
especially if she's crazy and00:39:00
unprepared and for example when Hitler00:39:03
in three years he demanded from Czechoslovakia00:39:06
give him the judgment of the region and threaten with war00:39:11
and of course all this was intended for this purpose00:39:14
to attack Czechoslovakia and start00:39:16
war then there was already a military conspiracy00:39:18
who believed that if Hitler started00:39:20
this crazy war must be overthrown and00:39:23
By the way, they tried to catch fire with00:39:25
British intelligence, isn't there something for them?00:39:27
I didn’t believe them, I didn’t really support them, of course00:39:30
for a military man who took the oath00:39:33
oppose the head of state00:39:35
whatever it is, it's a very complicated thing. It's00:39:38
it is morally difficult from a legal point of view00:39:41
it's hard to see, but there were military men who00:39:45
already in the following years they discussed that00:39:48
do even00:39:50
tried to plant a bomb somewhere00:39:52
We discussed maybe poisoning him again00:39:55
something one of those focused on00:39:58
this organizer was such a general von00:40:00
who has done a lot for, well, for00:40:04
creating a group of some kind Although this is already00:40:07
it was deadly but he was with someone00:40:09
discussed attracting someone He tried00:40:12
agitate00:40:13
major commanders there generals field00:40:17
marshals at the same time with this cod and00:40:19
his people came into contact with such00:40:21
German aristocratic intellectuals00:40:23
which00:40:27
Count von Moltke about his grandson00:40:29
nephew of the famous Phil Marshall00:40:31
Moltke and gathered on his estate00:40:34
people lawyers intellectuals military people here00:40:39
discussed what to do and of course00:40:41
the idea has been repeatedly expressed that00:40:42
that we need to kill Hitler Although here is the background00:40:45
Moltke believed that, first of all, there was nothing00:40:48
we won't get out of this, it will only lead to00:40:49
chaos and secondly it is immoral and he00:40:52
said that if the Nazis did00:40:56
legal00:40:58
this doesn't mean we have to repeat them00:40:59
we will be the same as them but military00:41:03
Gradually the sun is still bigger and bigger00:41:05
strengthens the idea that Hitler is necessary00:41:07
remove and this idea becomes especially00:41:09
pronounced when to this circle00:41:11
a young officer joins the conspirators00:41:15
Klaus Grafon Staufen Berg the man00:41:17
a man who fought and was crippled in war00:41:20
making a career with great merit00:41:22
also an Aristocrat, a religious man, and00:41:26
for him at the thought of killing Hitler00:41:29
it was very difficult but in the end00:41:32
and he and Treskov come to the idea of00:41:34
what but that's the only way to do it00:41:37
there is nothing else they spend a huge amount of time00:41:40
his wife helped him out in his job there00:41:42
Erica and her best friend who was00:41:46
Treskov's secretary and they typed00:41:49
plans with gloves to make prints00:41:51
no one saw the fingers, they were there connections00:41:56
organized a lot of things00:41:58
you behaved very courageously indeed00:42:00
It is very difficult for us today to understand how much00:42:02
the person actually participated in the conspiracy00:42:05
because Later will be arrested about00:42:07
7,000 people and about 5,000 executed and00:42:10
since almost all managers00:42:13
conspiracy were executed then it is very difficult00:42:16
understand what really happened and what is there00:42:19
said under torture during interrogations This00:42:21
The question is also how much you can believe this00:42:24
we understand that they00:42:28
We have already agreed with some people about00:42:31
specific actions with some00:42:33
they spoke in hints here is fil Marshal von00:42:35
Klug who first commanded00:42:37
Eastern Front was later transferred to00:42:39
France He was very unhappy that00:42:42
is happening and it seems like I was ready00:42:46
participate in the conspiracy and then he immediately00:42:48
took a step back because I was afraid because00:42:51
that oath because I didn’t think it was00:42:54
right then it seems like he is again00:42:55
listened to who00:42:57
then I probably took a step back again00:43:00
Many did this, but then00:43:04
As events develop, the more losses and00:43:09
Germany's losses on the topic front00:43:10
the desire to remove the conspirators is stronger00:43:12
Hitler is often blamed for this00:43:16
around a conspiracy Well, that's it00:43:17
is now called the Staufen conspiracy00:43:19
Berg was codly transferred to some00:43:22
moment on the Eastern Front and therefore00:43:24
Stauffenberg segments became the leader00:43:26
commits suicide after suppressing the conspiracy00:43:28
he hit himself with a grenade in neutral00:43:31
strip they are accused of being rude00:43:34
saying that they weren't convinced00:43:36
most of these military are anti-fascists00:43:39
participants in the conspiracy they were like this00:43:41
enough conservative views Well00:43:44
by the way, not necessarily fascist But00:43:46
they are not conservative at all00:43:48
liked the communists Although even they00:43:53
palpable and They just wanted00:43:55
take Germany out of the war00:43:57
that is, in general, Hitler’s regime did not00:44:00
so shocked They just wanted00:44:03
get Germany out of the war so that she doesn't00:44:06
was destroyed Well, actually it’s already00:44:09
it was a good idea to get Germany out of the war00:44:11
secondly, they were very different people there00:44:15
someone just wanted something completely different00:44:17
I thought that everything should remain00:44:18
in the old way Someone needs to remove Hitler00:44:20
I thought it was necessary to completely change00:44:22
system but for now they wanted00:44:24
get rid of Hitler then they came00:44:27
that if Hitler is killed then his place will be taken00:44:29
MLE or Goering And this won’t work either00:44:31
So we need to remove them too, here they are all00:44:34
gave out some kind of opportunity00:44:37
in general there was little guarding of Hitler00:44:39
naturally he had a decent00:44:41
By the age of forty-four he was very paranoid00:44:43
rarely appeared in public that's why they are there00:44:46
they were preparing bombs, so they thought what was his name00:44:48
poison all his food00:44:51
checked and finally it’s time for summer00:44:56
years old receives a message that it seems00:44:58
if only someone would report them sooner00:45:00
in total they will soon be arrested today by historians00:45:03
They believe that they were most likely unknown00:45:05
names of the conspirators That is, it was00:45:07
false alarm but with such a quantity00:45:10
those who knew it were generally clear that00:45:12
You can’t pull any further, they made it00:45:15
several Bombs There were attempts up to 2000:45:18
July, which for various reasons they do not have00:45:22
it worked We decided not to do it because00:45:24
there00:45:25
Gimlet together with Himmler never again00:45:29
They won’t find Hitler, they decided to concentrate00:45:31
only on Hitler a few days before00:45:33
it was already Staufen Berg who came to headquarters00:45:37
Hitler with a bomb But then nothing00:45:40
it turned out on July 20 Stauffenberg who00:45:43
was an officer of the General Staff comes to00:45:46
Hitler's meeting was inserted into his00:45:48
briefcase bomb meeting starts00:45:50
further Stauffenberg as it was with them00:45:52
very interesting idea, so clean00:45:55
German detail he asks permission00:45:58
go out and change your shirt because00:46:00
he's very hot00:46:02
a German officer can't sweat00:46:05
wearing a sweaty shirt at a meeting00:46:07
He goes out and goes to the toilet with his00:46:10
the briefcase there he breaks into00:46:12
bomb tip triggers action00:46:14
clockwork00:46:17
returns to the office Where he passes00:46:20
the meeting places the briefcase next to00:46:23
Hitler's table and then how it all happened00:46:27
very good00:46:29
thoughtfully report that Stauffenberg00:46:31
received a call regarding some important matter00:46:35
he needs to talk so he goes out00:46:38
He goes out and goes to the car and drives out.00:46:43
the limits of the bet are even seen there by the guards00:46:46
Well, everything happens, the officer is on his way to business A00:46:50
in the office of the colonel NBN simple00:46:53
interfered with this briefcase, he rearranged it00:46:57
table legs The table was powerful oak00:46:59
very strong And when after a few00:47:03
minutes the bomb exploded then this colonel00:47:06
Kras died because he stood next to00:47:09
briefcase and quite a lot of people00:47:11
died, suffered and Hitler Well there00:47:15
he had some scratches on his eyes00:47:17
it was bad for a while but he stayed00:47:20
alive and in general there are no even major wounds00:47:23
he was not there Then he will say that00:47:25
it was fate that saved him, and Stauffenberg has already00:47:29
leaves with other conspirators and they00:47:32
they see an explosion and smoke and of course they think00:47:35
that Hitler died. Then they go to00:47:37
forest00:47:38
they throw it away, they had a spare one00:47:40
bomb they arrive very quickly Na00:47:43
airfield they need to get there before00:47:45
How will information about what happened come?00:47:47
at headquarters board a plane fly to00:47:50
Berlin And there the conspirators are waiting for them in the center00:47:53
such00:47:54
the secret headquarters of the conspirator was00:47:57
government military building in00:47:59
center of Berlin which was called Böhler00:48:01
block there were offices of different00:48:04
Many Wehrmacht units were there00:48:06
their offices of conspirators00:48:08
and Staufen Berg arrives there and they are already00:48:12
completely confused because before them00:48:14
I'm hearing conflicting rumors00:48:16
says Hitler was killed So afen00:48:19
Berg as soon as he arrived he was right there00:48:21
called and said Hitler was killed, and they already00:48:24
reported that there was an assassination attempt but Hitler00:48:26
survived and they don’t understand how they can00:48:28
continue to act That's it, of course00:48:30
they were going to ruin everything very much00:48:32
the military had a well-thought-out plan for how00:48:35
quickly seize power in Berlin background00:48:37
Kluge is supposed to have them00:48:40
support in France and should have00:48:42
there was supposed to be an uprising in Paris00:48:44
many commanders will join00:48:47
they start calling many people saying that00:48:49
Hitler is dead, come to our side00:48:53
we will now create a new government Judging by00:48:56
All00:48:57
supported them or at least00:48:59
somehow sit out00:49:06
in the event that the allies00:49:11
bombed00:49:16
there are many workers in Germany, this one00:49:18
so the army was supposed to control00:49:20
security and General Frome, he's kind of like00:49:24
I wish he liked them. Or maybe he doesn’t00:49:26
someone is waiting because of this confusion00:49:28
acting according to plan someone is waiting00:49:30
it turns out to be such an incomprehensible thing00:49:32
Hitler survivor immediately reports to Berlin00:49:36
that he is alive to capture the conspirators from00:49:39
He immediately realizes that he miscalculated00:49:41
put it on the wrong ones He needs it urgently00:49:44
he quickly saves his own reputation00:49:46
Stauffenberg arrests several more00:49:49
the man immediately creates a military tribunal00:49:53
on the same day although Hitler said no one00:49:55
don't execute00:49:57
He wanted to figure it all out and from00:49:59
obviously wanted to tie up loose ends00:50:02
hide your cooperation with them or00:50:05
at least he is so passive00:50:07
immediately conducts a tribunal00:50:09
sentences them to death already at night00:50:11
the first of July in the yard of this bandler00:50:15
block they were shot there today00:50:18
a memorial that produces the strongest00:50:20
impression but the street is now00:50:22
called Staufenberg street and there00:50:24
so very spacious but very gloomy00:50:28
a yard surrounded on all sides by this00:50:30
such a building made of dark stone What00:50:35
completely faceless windows Here is an institution00:50:38
military dark00:50:40
institution and when you imagine00:50:43
standing there there is a line on which00:50:45
obviously they were standing when00:50:46
They shot you, you stand there and imagine00:50:49
imagine how these people are taken out at night00:50:52
execution and such a feeling there00:50:54
The cold and loneliness are completely terrifying00:50:57
to some extent it doesn’t sound terrible00:50:59
what am I going to tell these few now?00:51:01
shot and Staufen Berg very00:51:04
lucky because Hitler is still furious00:51:07
repeats the order to no one00:51:09
By the way, I couldn’t shoot myself00:51:11
to save him was also tried and also00:51:13
shot, well, they really accused00:51:16
official negligence there, but it’s clear why00:51:19
he was shot and then they begin00:51:21
What does the arrests have to do with it? Well, there’s some small00:51:24
number arrested And they all00:51:26
letters they all have Diaries from these00:51:28
diaries, something else becomes clear in00:51:30
in general next week where did they come from00:51:33
these 7.000 arrested arrested Yes00:51:36
almost everyone who was at least somehow00:51:40
associated with Staufenberg Treskovo since00:51:44
other leaders may even be00:51:46
by chance it was already clearly connected00:51:49
a policy of blood guilt was pursued00:51:52
there are relatives who are also arrested00:51:54
horror begins00:51:58
The sun is growing more and more I'm already00:52:00
said it is very difficult to determine the real00:52:02
participation of people like, say, Admiral00:52:05
Canaris Le Marshall von Kluge Marshall00:52:08
Rommel who all went through this00:52:10
they knew the matter but did nothing00:52:13
everyone participated very much00:52:16
difficult but Hitler is almost furious00:52:20
5000 estimated sentences at00:52:23
This00:52:25
of course they are deliberately depriving them of honorary00:52:28
military execution by shooting they all hang00:52:32
shameful, much more painful execution Well00:52:34
some just committed suicide00:52:36
background of cods and some were allowed00:52:38
commit suicide fiel Marshall von Kluge00:52:41
one of the greatest military leaders00:52:43
Hitler's if it turns out that he00:52:46
participated in such a conspiracy it will be00:52:49
certainly a terrible blow to morale00:52:52
the whole army so Klug is allowed to him00:52:55
they bring poison and they allow you to commit suicide00:52:58
he commits suicide00:53:00
they are organizing a military funeral, everything seems to be00:53:03
sewn and covered with kluge, but everything is unclear00:53:06
through quite a large number00:53:08
time after the war a book was published00:53:12
a very interesting person00:53:13
his name was Kazimir Shmocharsky00:53:16
Head of the Regional Army Propaganda Bureau00:53:19
Polish Partisans and after the war, of course00:53:23
in Soviet Poland he was imprisoned00:53:25
and He was imprisoned with the Nazis00:53:28
criminals and then he himself wrote what00:53:30
Here's the irony of fate: among them were those on00:53:32
whom the Aks were preparing to assassinate and they00:53:34
sat together among them was the GNF RSS00:53:37
boss00:53:39
German police in Poland Jurgen Stroh and00:53:42
they were talking, well then00:53:44
they shot and the mochar came out and he wrote00:53:48
a book of conversations with the executioner, I wrote down these00:53:51
conversations are so strange in prison and in prison00:53:54
claimed that there was nothing at all00:53:56
there was no suicide, he just arrived00:53:59
Kluge suggested that he commit suicide00:54:03
he refused And then he killed him Well00:54:06
Naturally it’s impossible to check00:54:08
may have been involved in the case00:54:11
Rommel Although it is completely unclear what00:54:13
was the level of his participation historians were very00:54:15
there is a lot of debate about this because Romel00:54:18
generally loved Hitler, he liked him Well00:54:20
everything could change especially after00:54:22
shameful departure of the Germans from Africa but in00:54:25
anyway00:54:26
also found guilty And with those who00:54:30
was under investigation after all these tortures00:54:33
and their confessions were sent to court But this00:54:36
there was an absolutely caricature of the people's court00:54:39
and it was absolutely clear what he would endure00:54:41
the verdict is that it will be a death sentence00:54:44
the judge shouted in the sawdust, humiliated the convicted and now00:54:47
Rommel was offered that either he would end the00:54:50
by yourself and then everything will be closed too00:54:53
there will be an honorable funeral for his family00:54:55
touched they will retain all privileges00:54:59
Or is he going trying to prove his00:55:03
innocence in court but the result is the outcome00:55:06
the court is already clear Rommel chose00:55:09
suicide then they announced that He00:55:12
called to Berlin on business, he came under00:55:14
bombing and death, these events showed00:55:16
how large is the number of people in the elite00:55:19
political spiritual military00:55:22
dissatisfied with Hitler in the spring00:55:25
e la canari dietrich bonhei theologian a s00:55:31
the other side of course can imagine00:55:32
imagine what a blow this dealt to00:55:34
morale on the situation in the army in00:55:38
in the country in general, of course, most00:55:40
demanded execution for these scoundrels Well then00:55:43
there they really thought and what00:55:45
thought Those who did not speak out and did not00:55:47
shouted We also don’t know clearly what00:55:50
strengthening the stabilization of forces there00:55:53
All this did not contribute to the Third Reich00:55:55
the ally continues to march across France in00:55:57
side of Paris and Soviet troops00:56:00
They are already passing through the whole of Belarus and reaching00:56:03
territory of Poland Wherever there is00:56:06
the border of Poland passed as it was00:56:09
was it before the capture or after in any case00:56:11
by the end of July, Soviet troops were already in00:56:14
Poland continues to unfold00:56:17
tragedy of the Warsaw Uprising army00:56:19
edges was a powerful army from the point of view00:56:23
size and combat effectiveness Well, perhaps00:56:25
only the Yugoslav Partisan Army00:56:28
surpassed Well, that’s typical of course00:56:31
that in the spring of forty-third When in00:56:33
Warsaw was the Warsaw Ghetto uprising00:56:35
then Akov and just ordinary Poles saved00:56:39
someone who tried to escape from the ghetto But to00:56:42
the Krava army did not join the uprising00:56:44
A year has passed since then, Soviet troops00:56:48
who don't inspire sympathy at all00:56:50
but they are enemies of the fascists, they are following00:56:55
Poland Soviet radio00:56:58
broadcaster00:57:00
Well, it's not like they needed direction from00:57:03
Soviet radio They of course decide00:57:05
take advantage of this situation right now00:57:07
The Red Army will come on August 1 in Warsaw00:57:10
a powerful uprising begins and00:57:12
the first days the Germans are in panic and they are already00:57:15
are going to run away from Warsaw And then00:57:18
something completely unexpected happens00:57:22
when Soviet troops approach the Vistula00:57:25
and stop00:57:26
American troops marched towards Paris in00:57:28
The American Uprising began in Paris00:57:31
keep moving Well the Parisians are scared00:57:33
were proud that they seemed like themselves00:57:35
kicked out the Germans Well, of course they kicked out00:57:37
the Germans because they were approaching00:57:39
Americans and here it’s the same but not at all00:57:41
Soviet troops stand differently and this00:57:45
explained both domestically later and before00:57:48
today and at that moment for00:57:51
foreigners due to the fact that the troops00:57:54
very tired after the hostilities in00:57:58
Belarus and now they need00:58:00
rest sounds very logical if00:58:03
I can’t remember just from forty-one00:58:05
years never never no one at all00:58:08
took into account the fatigue of the troops00:58:11
the German offensive near Moscow was00:58:13
stopped on December 4-5, forty-first00:58:16
years immediately the troops moved00:58:19
Soviet offensive after the most difficult00:58:22
the terrible Battle of Kursk immediately00:58:24
The Battle of the Dnieper begins and no one00:58:26
said that the troops were tired, we needed Kyiv00:58:29
take it for the November holidays means00:58:31
let's take it And now we're tired and standing00:58:34
the British Americans are trying somehow00:58:36
affect your ally nothing00:58:38
it doesn’t work Well, they’re all tired00:58:42
then they ask for another very simple thing00:58:45
that means American planes from France00:58:47
flew to Warsaw and dropped weapons00:58:51
ammunition but the plane at that moment was not00:58:53
could fly so far they needed00:58:55
admission required00:58:57
Can we use yours?00:58:59
airfield for refueling No it is not possible00:59:03
it’s impossible and why and therefore Why do we need to be here?00:59:06
foreign plane after all00:59:08
Roosevelt and Churchill write a letter to Stalin00:59:12
with a request to help Warsaw anti-fascists00:59:15
letter published book correspondence00:59:17
Roosevelt Stalin and, damn it, she’s still in00:59:20
Soviet times was published by Stalin00:59:22
answers them with a terrible host00:59:26
always when I read him I think that he00:59:27
I was probably very pleased that00:59:30
he wrote the following early or00:59:33
late but the truth about a bunch of criminals00:59:36
started the Warsaw war to seize power00:59:39
the adventure will become known to everyone These people00:59:43
used Warsaw00:59:56
The Warsaw Uprising turns out to be more complicated00:59:58
the situation at the front and now there is no strength and01:00:02
then it ends, it can't be01:00:04
doubt that the Red Army will not regret01:00:08
efforts to defeat the Germans near Warsaw01:00:11
and liberate Warsaw for the Poles01:00:15
there will be the best and real help01:00:18
Antina to the Poles himself, that is, these01:00:21
now they’re just getting in the way, and we ourselves are when01:00:23
we will have the strength, well, when we catfish, well, we01:00:26
we will liberate Warsaw for the Poles around01:00:29
at the same time the famous British01:00:32
journalist Alexander Vert who later01:00:34
will write a very interesting book about the war01:00:36
he's an interviewee01:00:49
shock but he says everything that needs to be said01:00:52
so he says why am I here01:00:54
We have our own American planes01:00:56
enough We don't have the strength to go now and01:00:59
then he says the following01:01:01
Komarovsky And this is the commanding general01:01:04
rebellion along with his minions01:01:07
burst in here like a redhead at a circus like that one01:01:11
the clown that appears in the arena at the most01:01:14
inopportune moment and it turns out01:01:17
wrapped in a carpet like this01:01:20
mockingly about a military general, it seems01:01:23
how should you understand him which01:01:26
now fighting there will be an uprising01:01:28
will continue beginning of October01:01:29
associated with a huge number of victims01:01:31
the last days the defenders will go to01:01:34
sewer canals under the city01:01:37
remember the movie weide channel at the end01:01:39
after all they01:01:46
capitulant01:01:54
Slagelse with a small tail of the month01:01:57
The Soviet army is very easy in a few01:02:00
days will take Warsaw And all these 3 months01:02:02
Hitler will systematically destroy the city01:02:05
When entire neighborhoods will be destroyed01:02:08
all residents will be taken to concentration camps01:02:10
The Soviet army will enter Warsaw01:02:13
with you the so-called Lublinsky01:02:16
committee that is already created01:02:17
communist government and01:02:19
will install it in Warsaw that's what01:02:22
called liberate Warsaw for01:02:25
Polyakov Well, really Polyakov01:02:27
brought and now they will rule01:02:28
but this is not the same government at all01:02:30
which was elected before the war01:02:32
parallel to this horror, combat01:02:34
actions continue and Soviet troops01:02:36
already of course have a huge advantage01:02:39
on the one hand this part begins01:02:43
these troops that were coming from Belarus to01:02:46
Poland she goes aside and they leave01:02:51
to Latvia Lithuania Estonia and already autumn01:02:56
the forty-fourth year begins01:02:57
territory of East Prussia is the first01:03:01
German Land which they entered I01:03:04
I already talked about this in my lecture on Stalin01:03:06
during the war But of course skip it01:03:09
it's impossible to remember this for sure01:03:11
what was done here is necessary01:03:15
I have soviet troops here01:03:17
dual feelings Well, that is, with one01:03:19
there is an understandable feeling of horror01:03:21
disgust because they robbed01:03:23
they killed they raped01:03:26
Well, it’s clear that these are people who want01:03:29
take revenge on the Germans for their dead01:03:32
relatives for the horrors that they themselves01:03:35
experienced which they saw they went through01:03:37
in the devastated Belarus they saw these01:03:39
burned villages they know what they have01:03:42
happening at home these feelings are understandable although01:03:45
again, not everyone behaved like that, we know01:03:48
that Lev Kopelev who was a military man01:03:50
translator stood up for German01:03:53
civilian population for which he was sent01:03:55
Gulak and his colleagues also told him01:03:58
You're a Jew. How can you protect them?01:04:00
women children old men old women at Svetlana's01:04:03
Alekseevich in the book, war is not feminine01:04:05
face She quotes those passages at the beginning01:04:08
books that either she didn’t allow01:04:11
censorship in Soviet times publish01:04:14
or She herself, for reasons of self-censorship01:04:17
refused this and although the book01:04:19
built entirely on women's stories01:04:21
who fought there, she has a man's story01:04:24
who says Tom as he entered01:04:27
they entered German soil in groups of 10-1501:04:32
man raped german women01:04:34
Moreover, there were not so many adult women01:04:36
many many fled and so he says well01:04:39
they grabbed a girl01:04:41
12-1 shut her mouth if she cried we01:04:44
they beat her and it was funny to us. And then there01:04:48
very interesting phrase we are the only one01:04:49
We were afraid that our nurses wouldn’t find out01:04:53
They're like us01:04:54
sisters, that is, their nurses01:04:56
they were shy Well at least this one01:04:59
people were not all shy about nurses but01:05:03
what was happening there was absolutely01:05:04
terrifying in its cruelty and01:05:07
licentiousness and of course towards these people01:05:09
There is01:05:10
claims but more claims to the authorities01:05:14
who didn't try to stop it all01:05:17
on the contrary, when Zhukov tried to01:05:19
Germany to restore order, not that he01:05:22
there was such a humanist and he understood what it was01:05:25
everything la mi then Stalin said What’s wrong01:05:28
if a Soviet soldier has sex with a girl and01:05:31
did not allow the introduction of stricter01:05:33
punishment of course it was necessary as01:05:35
policy01:05:36
intimidation and no one held back little01:05:39
before entering the territory01:05:42
East Prussia were allowed01:05:44
soldiers' parcels home thereby01:05:46
as if pushed to01:05:48
I rob to further humiliate and01:05:54
scare the Germans when I talked about01:05:56
this to your students then Well practically01:05:59
every year someone was in the class01:06:02
Who said and what the Germans did of course and01:06:06
they did even more terrible things Well, that's it01:06:09
I always said why do you want01:06:10
so that our army is like the German one01:06:13
fascist for some reason01:06:16
reasoning does not come to everyone's mind01:06:19
head most of East Prussia01:06:21
I was busy in the fall, so what's around?01:06:24
Königsberg until spring from PGO but the main thing01:06:28
the direction was of course to the west and so01:06:31
having occupied Warsaw having already occupied most of01:06:34
Poland and Soviet troops receive01:06:36
the ability to simply move01:06:38
getting to Berlin is actually not easy01:06:40
of course, but it’s just very flat here01:06:42
territory is easy to move with a tank01:06:45
natural barriers are an ordeal01:06:49
several rivers are not dangerously impassable01:06:51
Although the Germans, of course, with every step01:06:53
fighting more and more fiercely in01:06:56
During the winter, Soviet troops march along01:06:58
Poland then through the territory of Germany01:07:01
approaching Berlin at the same time01:07:03
American British troops01:07:05
French troops move from the West01:07:08
Germany crossed the Rhine in March01:07:12
they have already entered from the West01:07:14
German territory in this way in winter01:07:17
in the spring of '45 the Allies move towards01:07:20
Soviet troops to Berlin from the West through01:07:24
Poland from the east and of course it’s coming01:07:28
competition I wanted to say unspoken but01:07:31
I'm not sure that's the right word01:07:33
because in general everything is clear to everyone01:07:35
competition the essence of which is who01:07:37
it will naturally reach Berlin earlier and01:07:41
both want to come earlier but01:07:43
only Zhukov and Konev by order01:07:45
Stalin And to please him they throw him in01:07:48
these last months a huge amount01:07:52
extra people into the furnace of war so that soon01:07:55
take to Berlin And at this moment01:07:57
of course endless games are played01:08:00
political games that are very good01:08:04
visible in February at the Yalta conference01:08:07
when is the last time a big one meets01:08:09
three Roosevelt is already very ill Churchill01:08:12
In general, he understands how much he has already01:08:15
lost from the summer forty four to February01:08:17
forty-fifth the Soviet army achieved01:08:19
already a lot and she controls01:08:21
Romania Bulgaria Yugoslavia Hungary01:08:25
Poland, naturally, those territories that01:08:29
The Soviet Union considers its own, namely01:08:31
Latvia01:08:32
Lithuania Estonia those parts of Poland which01:08:36
were captured, a truce had already been concluded with01:08:38
Finland is part of Germany, that is, that’s it01:08:41
exactly what Churchill was afraid of, that the Soviets01:08:44
troops will control these01:08:45
territory this happens in01:08:48
I haven’t named Czechoslovakia yet and01:08:52
it says very big again01:08:56
the complexity of the confusion the tragedy of these01:08:59
events because the Soviet army01:09:02
Certainly01:09:06
released my power here but I01:09:09
I think it will take many more years01:09:12
so that historians can, if not01:09:14
completely then at least somehow move away01:09:16
from political painful political01:09:20
questions and write about this time Well01:09:22
somehow more or less impartially01:09:25
While this is impossible for you in Yalta, well01:09:29
usually written in textbooks there was talk about01:09:32
destinies after war Europe Well, actually01:09:35
in fact there was a conversation about what it would be like01:09:37
influence in Europe Who will be in charge where and01:09:42
again there was a conversation about Poland about what01:09:45
there will be its borders and again there was a conversation about01:09:47
what kind of governments will there be in all01:09:50
European countries those that were before the war01:09:53
or some new ones that supports01:09:56
The Red Army and again I’m generally silent01:09:59
decided well, I spoke in detail about01:10:01
Yalta conference in a lecture on Churchill01:10:04
So let's not talk about that now either.01:10:07
the last 2 months there, of course, Germany01:10:11
is already complete chaos01:10:13
someone is trying to move west01:10:16
to end up with the Americans01:10:18
be in the zone they will occupy01:10:20
Soviet troops, someone is trying to escape01:10:22
we know that even in the last days01:10:25
when the ring around Berlin was washed away01:10:28
people who are big Nazis01:10:31
managed to disappear further fate01:10:34
Hitler is incomprehensible at the same time01:10:37
last days I kept the crazy Faith01:10:40
I believe in my destiny, I spoke about01:10:43
there were several in the lecture about Hitler01:10:45
moments when it seemed to him or he01:10:48
I just convinced myself that now01:10:52
Sun Power01:10:54
This is the Soche of the year, the famous Ardennes01:10:58
operation by the end of December the allies were01:11:00
We are sure that they will celebrate Christmas already in01:11:03
Berlin and suddenly the Germans moved to01:11:06
the offensive there also contributed to this01:11:08
that it was very cloudy and01:11:11
Allied aviation could not fly01:11:13
until this happened for several days the Germans01:11:16
Hitler also launched a powerful offensive01:11:18
immediately went on the radio and said that01:11:21
he Turn We will defeat them now01:11:24
All will be01:11:25
of course none of this happened01:11:27
As soon as the clouds were parted by the wind, aviation began01:11:30
work and the Germans rolled back further And01:11:33
exactly the same way in April when I called him01:11:36
Goebbels said your worst enemy is dead01:11:38
it was a message about Roosevelt's death01:11:42
Hitler kept waiting for a miracle to happen01:11:45
with Frederick the Great in the 10th century when01:11:47
Empress Elizabeth died Russians01:11:50
troops were already in Germany, even for some01:11:52
time occupied by Berlin adj to power T01:11:55
who admired Friedrich and immediately01:11:58
made peace Well, as we know, this is not01:12:00
happened and how we know no matter how much01:12:04
talked about what allies mean01:12:08
wanted to make a separate peace01:12:12
Stirlitz keeps fighting these attempts01:12:14
no separate peace01:12:16
there was no peace and they fought until01:12:20
end Although again the story with01:12:23
several surrender shows how01:12:26
already shared power when from the beginning of May 701:12:31
sign the surrender in the presence of01:12:33
Soviet representative but not enough01:12:35
large and the Soviet Union refuses01:12:38
recognize it and sign the surrender01:12:40
again on the night of May 8-9, then war01:12:44
it's amazing what else continues01:12:46
resist for some time01:12:49
different Nazi groups though01:12:51
It would seem that Hitler had already committed suicide01:12:54
Berlin is taken, surrender is signed, everything is signed01:12:57
There is no end to everything yet there were those who stubbornly01:13:00
continued Well, based on this01:13:02
Nazi idea at the ascension of death we01:13:05
everything is better01:13:07
We are unlikely to die. Of course, all the soldiers in01:13:09
these groups shared this idea, but01:13:13
Of course no one asked them But between01:13:15
the war with Japan is still ongoing01:13:17
in the Pacific Ocean Japan is already completely01:13:19
she is always deprived of any resources01:13:22
there were few of them now they are gone01:13:25
no weapons at all, no shells, no01:13:29
fuel there is a samurai spirit which01:13:32
continues to lead them And by the way I01:13:33
I pronounce it completely without irony because01:13:35
that this is really so Well, probably01:13:37
I must add, unfortunately for me,01:13:40
at least unfortunately Japan Well already01:13:42
same as with Germany, it’s clear that it’s broken, but01:13:45
she continues to fight thanks to01:13:48
historian Sey Bondarenko, who01:13:52
society01:13:54
published01:13:55
list of those sources for which with his01:13:59
point of view can be good and somehow01:14:01
Take a fresh look at World War II01:14:03
war I learned about the existence01:14:05
absolutely amazing documentary01:14:07
a movie called the naked army01:14:11
the emperor marches forward but he01:14:13
strange, it was filmed very much And although he received01:14:16
many different awards This is history01:14:18
a man whose name was Nzo Oku Zaki he01:14:22
was drafted into the Japanese army and was01:14:25
sent to New Guinea, that's where01:14:28
there was a battle for01:14:31
Kokotkin construction troops Judging by01:14:34
everything and there they were building an airfield but everyone there01:14:38
it was absolutely terrifying and by forty01:14:40
in the fourth year the remnants of the Japanese army01:14:43
who were still there somewhere01:14:44
New Guinea were not evacuated01:14:48
they were completely sick01:14:51
Hungry beggars skinned here naked01:14:54
the emperor's army, all sorts of things happened there01:14:57
absolutely terrifying things here01:14:59
It's hard to figure out what's true again01:15:01
what legends what truth what01:15:04
was hiding that rumors Apparently it's a matter01:15:06
situation So here are these leftovers01:15:08
the Japanese army were pinned down on a small01:15:11
very plot of land there was terrible01:15:14
hunger looks like it was there01:15:17
cannibalism on the one hand01:15:20
there seems to be a version that they ate01:15:23
natives01:15:25
whose lives were called black pigs and01:15:27
ate white pigs, that is, captured there01:15:31
British and Australians mainly01:15:33
on the other hand it looks like01:15:36
they also ate their comrades as much as possible01:15:39
was widespread very difficult to understand01:15:42
Naturally, all this was hidden and so01:15:43
then Azaki who was in his twenties01:15:46
birth That is, he was 2324 years old there01:15:49
His unit was there 1201:15:52
many of them survived, including him and01:15:56
obviously he survived because in some way01:15:58
moment he was wounded and captured01:16:01
otherwise it would be unclear what happened during01:16:03
this whole movie that's happening01:16:05
already in modern times it was filmed when01:16:08
Kuza is already over 60 and he is trying to find out01:16:13
who is to blame for the shooting01:16:16
his two fellow soldiers everything lies in01:16:19
that he is coming01:16:22
arrives suddenly jumps out for that01:16:25
to talk to different people01:16:26
He had a small business there01:16:29
and at first he just hangs01:16:31
blame the emperor and the command01:16:35
military in what happened to the Japanese01:16:37
the army then he has his own business01:16:39
the car there is very interesting01:16:41
shown to be going absolutely well01:16:42
it’s not clear that it’s all written off01:16:44
flags are hanging with some slogans01:16:47
generally considered the main culprit01:16:48
emperor and several times he found himself01:16:51
in prison because he's there as an emperor01:16:53
from a slingshot01:16:55
some distributed pornographic01:16:57
pictures depicting the emperor in01:16:59
Japan because he believed that01:17:01
Emperor Hirohito is guilty of01:17:03
happened And on the other hand he is looking for01:17:05
the direct culprits here he is01:17:06
comes in this crazy one of his01:17:08
car to the hospital where someone is lying01:17:11
officer and it seems like he is visiting him and he01:17:13
visits him and means it so politely01:17:16
bows in Japanese then says you01:17:18
you understand that this is God’s punishment for you01:17:21
what you did during the war and for a long time01:17:24
this is this for a seriously ill person01:17:25
explains then he comes too01:17:27
some officer says who gave it01:17:30
order to shoot these two people01:17:32
T says I don’t know I wasn’t there he01:17:35
speak up Stop filming Kazo Hara01:17:37
the director continues to film me not there01:17:39
was Then he suddenly pounces on01:17:41
this man in his house starts it01:17:42
wife comes running to beat01:17:45
some relatives are trying to calm down01:17:47
it’s unclear nothing seems to mean the wrong thing01:17:52
gave the order because they somehow behaved01:17:55
behaved very badly and robbed something like this01:17:59
official version that's why they were01:18:00
shot and another version that there was01:18:05
collective cannibalism ate some01:18:07
bodies and what They didn't want in it01:18:09
participate that's why they were killed and01:18:11
finally just a version that they were killed so that01:18:13
eat them Nothing is clear, but here it is01:18:16
a person who for many years of his life he01:18:19
Side, 12 years old, went out for some time and01:18:23
prodo and he continued to look for the guilty and01:18:27
in the end he decides that he will kill01:18:30
the officer who gave the order01:18:32
execution, he even suggested to the director01:18:34
film the murder process01:18:36
wisely refused he came this01:18:40
the man was not his son he became01:18:43
shoot at his son Well then he was detained son01:18:46
was seriously wounded. Well, that is, he was already in01:18:48
in general the sun is equal to who to take revenge on and this01:18:51
a story that can be used in very different ways01:18:55
about the vengeance of the inability to forgive the wounds of those01:18:58
military that never heals but01:19:02
he couldn't handle what happened to him there01:19:06
what he saw happened, apparently01:19:09
These are the horrors that the Japanese army did01:19:12
he wasn't very worried, maybe even01:19:14
he hadn't even heard about it, well01:19:16
there must have been something to see him01:19:18
I wondered why he died01:19:20
fellow soldiers Why were they all brought to01:19:23
so bestial of course serious01:19:25
he never received an answer when he01:19:28
shot the emperor with a slingshot and01:19:29
it’s not clear at all the emperor saw this01:19:32
or not This means not only that01:19:34
a person experienced at the end of his life01:19:37
remembering all this but also about how01:19:39
state was the Japanese army naked01:19:42
barefoot hungry absolutely not01:19:44
combat-ready but ready to fight until01:19:47
the last with peaks, spears, anything01:19:50
Stalin was offered Roosevelt and Cherche01:19:53
go to war against Japan01:19:55
which would generally help the Americans a lot01:19:57
it is clear that there was no Soviet Union01:19:59
opportunity to fight another war, but when01:20:02
the war in Germany ends in01:20:04
in accordance with the agreements reached01:20:07
in Yalta After 3 months Soviet Union01:20:12
enters the war with Japan, why at all?01:20:15
by this time the new president01:20:17
Truman didn't really want to because it was01:20:20
it’s clear how and why Soviet01:20:23
soda sphere of influence and will appear later01:20:27
North Korea and communist01:20:29
the government in China will receive01:20:32
huge support But on the other hand01:20:34
everyone is interested in quickly01:20:36
I won't end the war now01:20:38
talk in detail about the bombing of Rasim01:20:40
and Nagasaki because that too01:20:42
deserves, of course, a completely separate01:20:45
serious attentive lecture but We are all01:20:49
we know that during the war there was such01:20:52
atomic race Everyone wanted to do it01:20:55
use the atomic bomb, it's the Germans01:20:59
Americans, Soviet scientists all worked01:21:02
during the war, many were later horrified by it01:21:06
what they did but at that moment They of course01:21:08
believed that they were working to01:21:10
end the war as soon as possible01:21:12
the atomic bomb was tested by the Americans01:21:14
she of course became not only a military man but also01:21:16
political weapon the question of01:21:19
correctness Well I'm not sure the word01:21:21
morality applies here but the question01:21:24
correct use of atomic bombs in01:21:27
Japan again the question is incredible01:21:30
incredibly painful question01:21:32
politicize01:21:38
I'm definitely not an unconditional opponent01:21:41
only atomic weapons atomic01:21:42
energy workers are generally a scared person01:21:45
Chernobyl in his youth But on the other hand01:21:49
sides as a historian I understand what is needed01:21:52
judge people by what they were then01:21:54
circumstances Well, usually they say the same01:21:57
that Trun needed these explosions in order01:22:00
to show Stalin the power of the American01:22:04
the army is actually perfect for this01:22:06
there was no need to destroy so many people01:22:07
firstly, Stalin perfectly understood the power01:22:09
atomic bomb because he has one too01:22:11
did But secondly it was possible to simply01:22:14
show photos of the Lasa Alamos explosion01:22:19
the main argument of those who justify01:22:22
use of the atomic bomb01:22:25
this is because she saved many lives01:22:27
American soldiers Well, in the end01:22:30
any commander must think first01:22:32
of all his soldiers, of course, the chief01:22:34
the argument against is incredible01:22:37
variety of horrific consequences after01:22:40
atomic explosion which lasts a very long time01:22:42
long and the death of a huge number01:22:44
civilian population in ninety-five01:22:47
when was the sad anniversary of these 50 years01:22:50
bombings then at the Snovsky Institute in01:22:53
America wanted to make an exhibition01:22:55
dedicated to this central exhibit01:22:57
this exhibition should have had an airplane01:22:59
who delivered the bomb to Hiroshima and01:23:03
there were different exhibits around and they01:23:06
were made Judging by the descriptions01:23:08
so interesting enough that is there01:23:11
there were photographs of American soldiers and01:23:14
talked about terrible suffering01:23:17
the suffering of American soldiers, let's say in01:23:19
captivity and about a difficult war And at the same time01:23:22
there were photographs of bombing victims01:23:24
some very touching exhibits01:23:26
things of the dead girl Something else01:23:29
something and then it caused huge01:23:32
the indignation of the public and people01:23:36
those who fought in Japan fell asleep completely01:23:38
the institute is outraged by its01:23:41
letters and one of them wrote that I01:23:45
were already preparing for landing on Japanese01:23:47
islands the likelihood that I would die01:23:49
was very great, but I didn’t die and I01:23:53
I have children, I have grandchildren, we all have01:23:55
I owe my life to President Trun01:23:57
who dropped the atomic bomb and beyond01:24:00
the curators of the exhibition gradually conceded01:24:02
they removed one exhibit, another third01:24:05
Well, in the end it became clear that this01:24:07
the exhibition no longer makes sense at all01:24:08
canceled Well, this is a valid argument01:24:11
argument and Truman later said that01:24:14
his chiefs of staff explained to him that01:24:18
at least a million soldiers will die this way01:24:21
they will marry in Japan but they have nothing there01:24:25
there’s nothing left Well, there’s something after all01:24:27
there are two amazing books left01:24:30
one about Jeroshima the other about Nagasaki01:24:33
the book about Hiroshima was written by an American01:24:35
journalist John Hersey she is01:24:37
called Kheroshima and this book01:24:39
incredibly absolutely the whole magazine was01:24:42
given under this book This is just a description01:24:45
the fates of six people who survived during01:24:48
bombing but were in Hiroshima01:24:51
what they were worried about where they were going what they01:24:53
felt how They suffered and so on01:24:56
later Hersey will add another chapter to01:24:58
this book when he After many years01:25:00
will come to Hiroshima and find out what happened to01:25:03
with these people, how did their01:25:05
life and it's absolutely amazing01:25:08
book and no less amazing book01:25:10
he accepted the Japanese doctor Takashi Nagai01:25:13
he had Christianity even before the war01:25:16
Christian name Paul and he is recognized01:25:18
saints of the Christian church but I am so01:25:21
I understand that it’s a huge effort to enter01:25:24
he made an effort to save people in01:25:26
Nagasaki and he wrote the book of bells01:25:29
Nagasaki he experienced was also terrible01:25:32
naturally all these days when she died01:25:35
his wife then he himself suffered greatly from01:25:39
radiation sickness at the same time he worked01:25:41
in the hospital then he settled in some01:25:43
hut with his surviving children and01:25:46
refused to move anywhere01:25:48
obviously he just couldn't see01:25:50
this whole ordinary life in both books01:25:54
the same event is mentioned Well01:25:56
it is clear that this happened throughout01:25:58
Japan The fact is that negotiations with01:26:00
Japan And capitulations were already carried out before01:26:04
atomic01:26:05
Japan was generally ready for bombings01:26:10
capitulate but they set one thing01:26:12
condition that they be guaranteed01:26:14
immunity of the emperor like us01:26:16
we know for most01:26:18
Japanese, unlike the hero of the film about01:26:20
the emperor's naked army01:26:23
Emperor01:26:25
the Americans refused to comply01:26:27
condition and someone says they did it on purpose01:26:31
they were provoked in order to01:26:33
the war continued to use01:26:35
atomic weapons on the other hand we can01:26:38
remember that Germany was also demanded01:26:40
unconditional surrender of others01:26:42
there were no options And then01:26:46
bombings01:26:47
the emperor is a rare case also for01:26:50
The Emperor of Japan addressed on the radio01:26:53
Naro Usha is naked and he announced that he is ready01:26:57
to negotiations on surrender both here and there01:27:00
in both books01:27:02
describe how shocked people were01:27:05
who stood and listened and they were01:27:08
shocked for various reasons because01:27:10
they heard the Voice of the Emperor for the first time01:27:12
because someone says like that means everything01:27:15
our suffering was in vain and now01:27:18
especially the hospital at NASA01:27:23
people people were in despair it seems01:27:26
why be happy about this creepy scary thing01:27:29
the war is coming to an end No they wanted01:27:32
keep fighting and that says a lot01:27:34
and about people in general and about how people can01:27:53
idiot Well, of course it would be for some time01:27:57
the question arises: Did Truman know that these01:28:00
the numbers are exaggerated, I don’t think I knew01:28:02
but of course there is always a question to answer01:28:06
impossible to answer Can the saved01:28:10
life On the one hand to atone for suffering01:28:13
those who died on the other And this is the question01:28:16
which now remains only to freeze01:28:19
after that it's been the last 2 weeks01:28:23
August01:28:24
Well, the Soviet war is almost over01:28:28
the army is still moving there through Mongolia01:28:31
Korea but in general there’s nothing to talk about 201:28:35
September on the battleship Missouri01:28:37
unconditional surrender is signed01:28:39
Japan World War II extended 601:28:43
years and one day01:28:45
ends01:28:47
but of course there were consequences01:28:52
Incredibly long and to some extent01:28:54
they continue until today01:28:57
we always come first naturally01:28:59
pay attention to visible consequences01:29:03
to those on the surface for millions01:29:05
killed people out of millions maimed01:29:07
people who died from starvation and diseases01:29:09
those who died under the bombing those who died in01:29:12
camps and so on and so forth wounded01:29:15
crippled shell-shocked people having lost01:29:18
it is clear to their loved ones that millions and01:29:20
Millions of people, even if they survived01:29:24
their life was completely upside down01:29:27
that huge material damage to everyone01:29:30
participating countries01:29:32
destroyed Soviet cities destroyed01:29:35
German cities sacked France01:29:38
or there Belgium Holland UK01:29:41
lost its economic power01:29:43
as a result of the war and many, many, many01:29:46
everything else is possible here too01:29:48
talk about it for a long time with someone else01:29:50
sides Why do I say that Consequences01:29:53
are still felt today We are, of course, despite01:29:55
for all the numerous events that01:29:58
happened after the end of the war we live in01:30:02
the world formed by this war in01:30:05
in many ways, for example, the entire structure01:30:08
United Nations created01:30:10
after the war this structure is reflective01:30:15
then so influential today01:30:18
countries like Germany and Japan are not01:30:22
permanent members of the Security Union01:30:24
Because no one would think at forty01:30:26
fifth year did not come to turn on01:30:28
representatives of these countries Well, a lot01:30:30
Is there anything else I can say other than these?01:30:33
there are such striking consequences01:30:36
other psychological01:30:39
moral, some kind of internal huge01:30:41
number of people who wrote who spoke01:30:44
think about the Holocaust spoken words01:30:48
the collapse of humanism is the death of man01:30:50
civilization and in general it is clear that01:30:54
is it possible to talk about humanism?01:30:56
civilization in general is about dignity01:30:58
person01:31:01
seeing thousands of children's shoes taken off01:31:04
murdered children teeth golden hair01:31:22
cut off those over there01:31:26
the injuries are much wider and they touch far01:31:29
not only victims of the Holocaust or victims01:31:32
other groups that were persecuted01:31:34
Nazis Gypsies homosexuals they concern01:31:37
everyone among the women I recorded01:31:41
Svetlana Alexievich01:31:43
there were those who said for example01:31:46
next In war as you say Half01:31:50
half a man01:31:52
beast01:31:54
you're another woman says right after01:31:58
attack it's better not to look at their faces01:32:01
some completely different faces are not like01:32:04
usually with people they themselves cannot make friends01:32:07
raise your eyes to your friend even to the trees01:32:10
doesn't look it seems like everything is a little bit01:32:13
abnormal and even something animalistic01:32:15
flashes it's interesting Two different01:32:17
absolutely women everyone talks about it01:32:20
that something animalistic is flashing at all01:32:22
another person Olga Mikhailovna01:32:25
Freudenberg is a wonderful philologist01:32:27
who spent the entire blockade in Leningrad01:32:30
I talked about her diaries in a lecture about01:32:32
blockade about its terrible amazing01:32:35
diaries that are so scary01:32:37
has not yet been fully published and01:32:40
she wrote incredibly merciless things01:32:44
and already in the forty-seventh year she again01:32:46
started keeping a diary Although I felt01:32:49
deceased believed that she seemed to be01:32:51
writes from the other world literally but she01:32:54
considered it my duty to describe everything that01:32:56
happened and she writes the following to Russia01:33:00
betrayed the appearance of a victorious power now01:33:03
in 1947 It is already clear that she is not01:33:06
won the war but also in 194501:33:09
it was clear these people were the winner01:33:12
terminally ill Russia left the war in01:33:15
depressed mentally ill ate01:33:22
hair01:33:24
hemorrhages and strokes became common01:33:27
a phenomenon no longer related to age01:33:31
Now if the Freudenberg Diaries are like this01:33:34
in general Desperate and hopeless even there01:33:36
they look through the light, then it’s still necessary01:33:39
probably say that this is it01:33:41
truly horrific injury01:33:43
inflicted in fact not only01:33:45
Russia in Russia She's just not at all01:33:47
worked through and caused trauma to the whole world01:33:50
she bathed in this war and didn’t01:33:54
I can say that I compensated But let's say01:33:57
so she01:33:58
such incredible opponents01:34:00
showing the generosity of caring for others01:34:03
people of love with bright feelings who01:34:07
arose in the most unexpected situations01:34:10
in the war in Auschwitz before his death where01:34:14
well, I talked a lot about this in01:34:16
lectures about Victor Frankli and now01:34:18
I won’t repeat it, but you can think about01:34:21
everyone who saved other people about everyone01:34:24
who has overcome this01:34:27
occurring naturally during war01:34:29
hatred of the same Svetlana Alekseevich01:34:32
there is another entry in the same book01:34:36
war is not a woman's face01:34:39
female medical worker01:34:41
says there were two people in my room01:34:44
lay the German and our burned man01:34:47
tanker I go to them like you are01:34:51
feel I respond well to01:34:54
and this one is bad, he’s a fascist No, I’m nothing01:34:58
and he feels bad Well, that is, he seems to her01:35:00
says you should deal with him first and then01:35:03
she comments the woman is no longer01:35:06
enemies and people are just two wounded people01:35:09
lying nearby appears between them01:35:13
I've seen this human thing more than once01:35:16
it happened quickly and that’s about it too01:35:19
we must remember very recently01:35:26
the war tears off this thin layer from Luda01:35:28
civilizations of humanism and turns them into01:35:31
animals Alas Yes it has always been like this01:35:35
unfortunately preserved until today01:35:37
day But on the other hand, this phrase of hers01:35:41
that how quickly it happens that people01:35:44
They see each other's humanity01:35:52
probably writes books to write something like this01:35:56
a book about war to make war sick and01:36:01
the very thought of her would be disgusting01:36:04
the generals themselves are insane and would be sick all over01:36:08
I join in with all my heart and really want that01:36:11
My lectures about the war also made me sick01:36:14
Thanks to everyone who was there01:36:16
this lecture is recorded Thanks to our01:36:19
patrons on patreon to our sponsors on01:36:21
yube to those who support us01:36:24
of course Thanks to those who like and01:36:26
reposts and I will be very grateful to you01:36:29
grateful if you are today too01:36:31
like or repost and that's it01:36:34
the question may be a little01:36:36
pretentious as they say today but to me01:36:39
seems very important How are you01:36:41
you think Well, since the channel is called01:36:44
history lessons Here are the lessons we can01:36:46
take away from the history of World War II01:36:50
I look forward to your comments happilyDescription:
✈️ Реклама: Короче про Алматы — на Авиасейлс: https://www.aviasales.ru/guides?group=541&id=ALA¶ms=MOWALA1&travel_map_layer=districts&ll=43.226104828137636%2C76.95226307027043&z=12.00%3Futm_content%3Dkoroche_guides%3Fgroup%3D541&id=ALA¶ms=MOWALA1&travel_map_layer=districts&ll=43.226104828137636%2C76.95226307027043&z=12.00 Новый выпуск “Уроков истории с Тамарой Эйдельман” посвящен завершающим годам Второй мировой войны, когда фашистская Германия и ее союзники все больше и больше теряли свои позиции и наконец были разгромлены. Это время великих битв и великих побед, но и время, когда зарождались новые проблемы, которые будут определять послевоенный мир. Союзники по антифашистской коалиции уже начинали соперничать за будущее влияние в Европе - позже это соперничество породит холодную войну. Красная армия освобождала одну страну за другой - и тут же устанавливала там собственное господство. Солдаты мужественно сражались с врагами и в то же время совершали ужасные преступления по отношению к мирному населению. Все перепуталось в эти годы, и распутать нелегко до сих пор. КНИГИ: 1. Олег Будницкий. Люди на войне. 2. Светлана Алексиевич. У войны не женское лицо. 3. Энтони Бивор. Вторая мировая война. *Ближайшее выступление* Лондон — 25 октября — https://fienta.com/ru/eidelman-london-25-10-2023 Поддержать канал: * ДЛЯ ИНОСТРАННЫХ КАРТ — Поддержите выходы новых уроков истории на платформе Patreon — https://www.patreon.com/eidelman * ДЛЯ РОССИЙСКИХ КАРТ — Поддержите выходы новых уроков истории на платформе Boosty — https://boosty.to/eidelman * Поддержите выходы новых уроков истории став спонсором на YouTube — https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNYejKoEJ84iGgXPwTBkCCg/join С помощью криптовалюты: * BTC: bc1qepf70kndy4ce6yxg6vxh9j98utx690w529fl9s * ETH: 0x0Ebc2cCcD4Fd705CfFC5F25B271871df71c8332B * USDT: 0x8d0B26D5f58e4a1B2Cc702C431CB7B444F9452F6 (сеть ERC20) * USDT: TC5eXDPz8TuXPiHLDLbGkmN2rnQkg3Qe5W (сеть TRC20) Подписывайтесь на нас в социальных сетях, там мы регулярно публикуем дополнительные истории: * Подписывайтесь на Тамару Натановну в Instagram — https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser * Подписывайтесь на наш телеграм канал — https://t.me/eidelman * Подписывайтесь на нашу страницу в Facebook — https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser 00:00:00 Вступление. Тема лекции. 00:00:36 Путешествие Тамары Эйдельман в Алматы. 00:03:43 Отношение Иосифа Сталина к Уинстону Черчиллю и Франклину Рузвельту. 00:05:22 Сближение СССР и Германии в 1939 г. 00:07:03 Отношения в антигитлеровской коалиции. Поддержка СССР Великобританией и США в 1941 г. 00:10:21 Споры Великобритании, США и СССР об открытии второго фронта в Европе. 00:16:19 Почему Черчилль предлагал открыть второй фронт на Балканах? 00:20:07 Победы Красной армии на территории СССР. 00:21:34 Тегеранская конференция. 00:26:55 Подготовка к высадке в Нормандии. 00:30:22 Успешное наступление Красной армии в ходе Днепровско-Карпатской операции. 00:35:28 Высадка союзных войск в Нормандии. 00:39:42 Белорусская операция. 00:40:23 Попытки покушений на Адольфа Гитлера. Кому не нравился фюрер? 00:48:00 Заговор 20 июля. Провал. 00:51:00 Растерянность немецких военных. Расстрел участников. Аресты причастных. 00:55:42 Казни приближённых к Гитлеру военных. 00:59:03 Варшавское восстание. Почему СССР не помог полякам? 01:05:40 Жестокость Красной армии в Восточной Пруссии. 01:09:28 Продвижение войск союзников по территории Германии. Соперничество США и СССР. 01:11:04 Распределение влияния в послевоенной Европе на Ялтинской конференции. 01:13:15 Хаос в Германии. Уверенность Гитлера в успехе. 01:15:09 Был ли заключён сепаратный мир? Сопротивление нацистских группировок после поражения. 01:16:22 Япония в конце войны. Фильм “Голая армия императора идёт вперёд”. 01:22:58 Вступление СССР в войну с Японией. 01:23:45 Атомная гонка во время войны. Бомбардировка Хиросимы и Нагасаки. 01:31:54 Последствия Второй мировой войны. 01:33:49 Крах гуманизма. Удалось ли пережившим войну сохранить в себе человека? 01:38:56 “Написать бы такую книгу о войне, чтобы от войны тошнило”.
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