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Download "Presepe 2023 - parte 1 - LA PROSPETTIVA (secondo me)"

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  • ruRussian
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00:00:01
[Music] [Applause]
00:00:16
Hello everyone, I'm Corrado Manzoni of
00:00:20
nativity scenes and dioramas. Welcome to my
00:00:22
channel.
00:00:24
Today begins a series of tutorials on the
00:00:29
creation of an important nativity scene
00:00:32
for the 2023 Christmas exhibition,
00:00:37
therefore a fairly complex Palestinian-style nativity scene,
00:00:40
but I want to make
00:00:43
a series. of tutorials not a little different
00:00:47
from the others and therefore not too long
00:00:49
where we see the progress of the
00:00:52
work on this nativity scene, if I can,
00:00:55
weekly at most fortnightly where
00:00:59
we see the progress of the work
00:01:01
and the details of the work as
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the perspective could be rather
00:01:07
than
00:01:09
where we it will be the nativity once upon a time
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ladders In short, something a little
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particular that can be useful for the
00:01:19
creation of your nativity scenes. I
00:01:21
thank you in advance for the trust you
00:01:23
give me and I wish you a good vision.
00:01:29
Hello everyone,
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today we are talking about perspective
00:01:35
I say let's talk because it is a very
00:01:38
complex discussion and
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objectively difficult to explain
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but I will explain the perspective. From my
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point of view therefore it is a
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decidedly personal discussion which however I
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would like to tell you.
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So in theory in nativity scenes the
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perspective
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they say is to create the point of the horizon
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at the practically the height of the main figurine
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and double the depth of the nativity scene. I
00:02:13
'll give you an example. This is
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our plan now. I've made it very
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long. Then I'll explain why it's
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our plan for the nativity scene.
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In my case, I'm making a nativity scene
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that it is a depth of 80 cm
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so if we start right from 0 so
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we keep these references
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my nativity scene arrives here this
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is the base of the nativity scene
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the focus point should be 160
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at the height of the figurine so I have
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the figurine of 12 cm so the la
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horizon line should be
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approximately here
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So from here I omnipotently plant a
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hypothetical nail and take a thread that I
00:03:10
need to pull
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the line Let's say downwards and
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upwards depending on the
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constructions I make by
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doing this
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I if here for example, if I had a house on
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two floors for 12 cm figurines, the
00:03:35
height of the floor should be
00:03:37
2.70 metres, so let's say 2.50 metres,
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just to round off,
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we are talking about 5 meters
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with the Multiply of the ratio for the
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statues of 12, let's multiply for 7
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we have a 35 cm so we will have a house
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10 20 35 cm let's say
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here
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more or less
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pulling the thread
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as the theory says
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in the world of nativity scenes I would have these
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inclination here
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but here there is the spectator who looks
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precisely who has the eye in theory even
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a little taller than the figurine because
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no one is ever always
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up to it so in quotation marks low you
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look at the nativity scene you look at From this
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point of view let's say that one
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looks at it from here this inclination In
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my opinion it is too accentuated
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if you go to a square and draw
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some hypothetical lines of perspective,
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objectively you see that the fire,
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I don't know where, comes from, the theory is that
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it is double the depth of the
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nativity scene because the lines
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objectively go a bit in all directions
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depending on the inclination of the house and
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from
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precisely from a horizon line which
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is not well defined from the point of view
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of the distance
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I go by eye. So this is why I
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tell you that it is difficult to explain
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the perspective
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but I then look at the final result and
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objectively enough satisfactory
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therefore
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I believe that when one finds
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the square of a problem a little then he
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carries it forward
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by improving it but he carries it forward I have
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solved the matter a little by
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bringing this point
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not to double the depth of the
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nativity scene but to four times therefore in the in
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my case
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I go if here we have a 25
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let's do it like this
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I go here
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and keep the point so four times
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with the horizon line
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slightly higher than the
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central figurine then then let's see the subject
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of the
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figurines
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so keeping this reference
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you see that if I do it like this
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I have a decidedly different inclination and
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this After various tests also
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photographing the nativity scene and relating it
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to reality with a discussion of
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actually going to a square with a
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photograph and seeing if we can measure
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the inclination. If we were more or less there it
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is quite realistic therefore Some
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of you will call me crazy but
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so my my perspective
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satisfies me and I think it
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also satisfies the visitors a bit because
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looking at the nativity scenes they are quite
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realistic from the perspective point of view
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Obviously this also applies
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to the
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lower discussion so
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why looking at us we are talking about a
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diorama so a diorama means a
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point of view which is the Boca scene which is
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this so this here is a glass where
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the spectator looks in theory
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in theory it should be like this this
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point is placed perpendicular to the
00:08:13
nativity In our case anyway the
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main scene of the nativity scene so
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let's pretend that the cave is here and the
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nativity is here we put it
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perpendicularly the theory says
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double the distance and the height
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of the figurine in this main case
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so looking however if you Look at the
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plan
00:08:43
in the perspective not it is flat but it tends to
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rise
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it tends the flat tends to rise which is
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this
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inclination which also in this case if
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we kept that reference here you see
00:09:02
that it is definitely
00:09:06
Well definitely maybe not so much in
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this case but just a little higher
00:09:12
So we have this inclination which it is
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this
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and here we have the perspective therefore the
00:09:21
depth which leads us to have the
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largest figurine in front
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a little smaller the
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further we go down and smaller still
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so this is the matter of
00:09:38
perspective In our case what do we have
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I have the
00:09:43
nativity of 12 12 cm so
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that height here I have it approximately
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30 cm from the glass let's call it glass
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where From the proscenium so I have a 12
00:10:01
cm here
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and we are
00:10:07
more or less here as the main statue
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Which means that
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keeping this reference which in any case
00:10:15
the horizon line whether it is here or
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Here is always straight we have
00:10:25
a reference like this I keep it a
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little higher because I repeat you
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always look for example a little higher
00:10:31
from the figurine so I have seen that they
00:10:33
can be stolen a little ' of centimeters
00:10:36
however indicatively we have the
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line which is this
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if here we have the statue of 12
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Obviously if we put one
00:10:46
attached to the glass it is higher
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and if we put one at the bottom it is
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lower this allows us to identify and
00:10:56
therefore proportion the various parts
00:10:59
of the nativity scene based on the size
00:11:01
of the figurine Then if we want to give a
00:11:04
decidedly deep effect, therefore
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a mountain, a little mountain behind here
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with a very small construction,
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logically we must have it all an optical effect,
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the discussion
00:11:19
we are making completely falls away And we put a
00:11:22
decidedly smaller figurine
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that it really gives us a
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greater depth, definitely greater. So if
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here we still have a 12
00:11:36
cm figurine here we have it more or less than 8
00:11:42
and here more or less
00:11:45
than 10 so the construction we have
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here we will do in proportion to statues
00:11:51
of 12 the one that we'll do it here we'll do it
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in proportion to statues of 8 this in
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principle and according to a
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theory
00:12:04
[Music]
00:12:06
I repeat realistic from the point of view
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of the final result but a little far-fetched
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Since I have a wall anyway
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Practically
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here This it's 80
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I have a wall
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here
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and then I have a cabinet here in front
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However I don't have this depth to
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get to this point what did I do
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practically at that height here This one
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precisely here
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I put two points two nails
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physically
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where I start the wire that I need it
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to draw these guidelines so I have
00:13:01
a thread that I keep for the
00:13:04
upper part of the nativity scene and a thread that I keep
00:13:07
in the lower part of the nativity scene
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and then consequently I move
00:13:14
more or less by eye
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to respect these inclinations a little
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because I can't put the
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thread here because otherwise I'll
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completely miss this point.
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Besides, not having this depth
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I solved the problem by practically placing a
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nail more or less at 110 and a nail more
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or less at 125. This is the actual measurements
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I have
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on the
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on this cabinet where I fixed these
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two nails then anyway we'll see it
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when I show you the nativity scene that
00:13:54
I'm making with this type of
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perspective
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then there's another problem let's see the
00:14:02
nativity scene from above
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So we have our nativity scene we have
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our nativity scene
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and then we can have
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a house inclined like this,
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a house inclined like this
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and a straight house like this
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therefore the question of having let's
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always say this vanishing point at
00:14:36
double the depth of the nativity scene and
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perpendicular to the nativity which
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would allow me to draw lines like this
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you see that this is a 'inclination
00:14:49
this is another one and this is not
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another one
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so
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how do I calculate this type
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of inclination
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would be more or less right
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regardless of the fact that I
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am right with this point and the theory
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says to reason with this but it would be
00:15:14
relatively correct If I had this
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inclination but with this it changes
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completely because the more I straighten the house
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the more straight it becomes
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in this case in front of the nativity then
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I would have the roof completely straight I would
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not have I would not have inclined So
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also the fact of having a single
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fixed point is in my opinion Completely
00:15:46
wrong because this point should be
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moved based on the distance from this
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point of view
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this is perhaps fine but this needs to be
00:16:00
moved so I make use of these
00:16:03
two measures
00:16:04
both in a fixed point and with a
00:16:08
adjustable stand that I move
00:16:12
according to the inclination of the house that
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I have
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now I wanted to show you what I
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mean about the two wires here
00:16:24
I have a wire that I place higher up
00:16:28
and starts from that famous cabinet that
00:16:31
I said is slightly moved Here
00:16:34
instead I have the wire that starts from double
00:16:37
the depth of the nativity scene parallel
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to the height of the figurine the plane
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of the figurine is this so here
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this to be exact Here we have
00:16:48
12 cm and the wire is parallel to the ground it is
00:16:53
our Horizon I have a
00:16:57
little house here a house that I have to build
00:16:59
so I obviously have to make
00:17:01
the roof cut for
00:17:04
perspective if I keep this thread
00:17:07
So what the rules say in theory
00:17:11
the inclination of the roof would be this
00:17:17
so I take two indicative references
00:17:29
let's say the line would be this
00:17:36
if you see the nativity scene from proscenium
00:17:39
which will be right here in front is an
00:17:43
absolutely exaggerated inclination with
00:17:47
what
00:17:48
let's call it a very personal theory
00:17:51
carried out by me the inclination is
00:17:55
this
00:17:57
and in my opinion this in the
00:18:03
overall perspective let's say of the nativity scene is
00:18:06
quite realistic therefore I start from a
00:18:11
higher point slightly further away
00:18:13
but that famous calculation that I said
00:18:16
before and
00:18:18
I get this So even if it is not
00:18:21
perfect But I have to have a
00:18:23
starting point for what to trace Then
00:18:26
precisely the inclination in this case
00:18:29
of the roof and the inclination
00:18:33
of any window placed in this
00:18:36
point
00:18:37
with this problem with this type of
00:18:41
thread starting from the top obviously what
00:18:44
happens look
00:18:48
let's pretend to have
00:18:51
So we have the figurine which is here
00:18:53
so our point of view is this
00:18:57
we have a door here starting with the thread at the
00:19:00
top Logically it is no longer inclined from
00:19:04
bottom to top but it becomes
00:19:07
from top to bottom because the thread
00:19:10
starts at the top, you see this would be
00:19:13
the correct inclination in theory
00:19:18
but even in this case it is too
00:19:20
accentuated so I take the
00:19:24
reference I was saying of the second thread
00:19:30
of the second starting point of the thread
00:19:34
which is the lower one
00:19:37
Here I lowered the wire but it is a
00:19:39
little further away and this is
00:19:42
the inclination I get for the door
00:19:45
that would be here you see the difference
00:19:54
in this case we start
00:19:56
slightly higher than this
00:20:00
slightly further away we have
00:20:02
a different inclination but it is I
00:20:06
repeat in my opinion more realistic
00:20:12
and therefore abandoning this
00:20:16
but keeping only these references
00:20:19
now you see this is also not
00:20:22
good because it would tilt the upper part too much
00:20:25
So I keep it only for the
00:20:27
lower references
00:20:31
and then I move the thread for the
00:20:33
higher references so here I have the reference
00:20:37
of the upper part of the roof so it
00:20:41
practically becomes
00:20:49
this inclination
00:20:55
and obviously if I have a window to make
00:20:57
let's pretend that it is here
00:21:10
Now I'm working a little crookedly
00:21:18
Here this would be the inclination of the
00:21:21
window
00:21:44
ok
00:21:46
now let's go to trace it
00:21:51
and then let's see on the spot from the proscenium
00:21:54
whether the inclination corresponds or not
00:21:59
Here I tried to put the
00:22:02
shot from the proscenium now So more or less
00:22:05
the height that the visitors should see
00:22:09
precisely that the visitors the
00:22:14
observers would see from the proscenium Here it is the
00:22:17
nativity therefore the center of the
00:22:19
nativity
00:22:20
scene is this and this is the
00:22:25
wall that they see with the inclination
00:22:28
which is the one we have traced if
00:22:32
I used the wire that starts
00:22:36
from double the depth of the nativity scene
00:22:39
the inclination would be this
00:22:42
and it is
00:22:43
excessive it is definitely not realistic
00:22:49
obviously the same thing applies
00:22:51
in the other direction so if we have
00:22:54
the house that goes over there or over here
00:23:01
the inclination is this and therefore everything
00:23:07
consequently follows the lines that
00:23:10
we considered before and so
00:23:13
everything is developed the nativity scene the other
00:23:16
precisely the other problem is the angle
00:23:19
of the houses therefore
00:23:20
changing the angle would logically
00:23:23
change the point of
00:23:28
focus and
00:23:31
at this point we either
00:23:34
move it with the easel as
00:23:36
I do or we move the nativity scene
00:23:40
according to the inclination of the house
00:23:42
we move the base since it is made of
00:23:44
light polystyrene and we trace the
00:23:47
guidelines of all the homes and
00:23:51
buildings that we are doing
00:23:53
the same thing applies to the plan we
00:23:57
this which would be flat but we have to
00:24:00
represent slightly uphill
00:24:03
because for this reason Always for the
00:24:06
perspective you see I here I have already put
00:24:09
some polystyrene which I will then shape here I have
00:24:13
a height at the end of about
00:24:16
7-8 mm Here we are more than a centimeter
00:24:22
and a half away
00:24:23
as you can see as an
00:24:25
inclination if we always kept that
00:24:30
reference of having double the
00:24:32
depth of the nativity scene we would
00:24:34
practically have an
00:24:36
absolutely excessive inclination also in this
00:24:38
case this then serves us to determine
00:24:42
everything that follows from the
00:24:45
construction of the nativity scene
00:24:48
with the figurines Here we have our
00:24:50
statue of 12 Here we said that
00:24:55
we have to put more or less
00:24:58
here
00:25:00
a
00:25:02
let's call it a floor which descends
00:25:05
slightly
00:25:08
therefore keeping as a reference the head
00:25:11
of the figurine you
00:25:14
see here I put a figurine this
00:25:18
is from the 12 This is a generous 8
00:25:25
and here
00:25:27
we have the 10
00:25:30
So this
00:25:32
then allows us to build the houses here
00:25:35
with larger stones
00:25:37
compared to the one with larger accessories there
00:25:40
large compared to the one there, taking
00:25:42
into account the proportion in this case
00:25:44
of 12 to 10 and Lotto.
00:25:49
Here are two more things so
00:25:53
we can more or less finish this ocean of
00:25:55
perspective then there are really
00:25:58
many things so we
00:26:00
can't go into all of them in depth but
00:26:05
let's pretend to have this one wall
00:26:11
quite close to the Boca scene already in
00:26:13
this case
00:26:15
what I say must be respected however it is slightly on the
00:26:19
second floor so it is a
00:26:22
little less noticeable let's pretend that it is a little
00:26:25
closer to the proscenium so it becomes
00:26:28
quite important
00:26:32
we have to make the window So you see
00:26:35
that it has
00:26:37
the walls and the upper and
00:26:42
lower part inclined we have to make
00:26:45
the darks
00:26:47
Obviously this this is
00:26:50
the inclination we have this
00:26:53
dark is further away from the point of view and
00:26:57
this is closer this tends to
00:26:59
become smaller and smaller and this more and
00:27:02
more big so if we can't
00:27:05
do it here now I'll use paper so as
00:27:09
not to make it any more dirty These are
00:27:11
always lines perpendicular to the plane
00:27:15
We can't make
00:27:18
the dark here so consider this half and
00:27:22
make the dark so
00:27:23
we absolutely have to respect
00:27:26
these inclinations So what do we do
00:27:31
we have to do like this
00:27:34
I put two pieces
00:27:38
of paper to keep them from moving
00:27:39
which then serve as a base or
00:27:42
cardboard they serve as a basis for making
00:27:44
the blinds
00:27:50
But first I have to draw this line so
00:27:53
that we can see it
00:28:04
Here these guidelines must
00:28:09
also be used for the inclination
00:28:12
of the stones So if we want to do
00:28:15
things well the stone the stones are
00:28:18
inclined so the more we go down the more
00:28:21
we have to
00:28:22
straighten them slightly Until
00:28:25
we arrive that they are straight at the height
00:28:27
of the statues
00:28:29
at the height of the of the
00:28:31
main statue and obviously here the stone is
00:28:36
a little ' bigger and here the stone is a little
00:28:37
smaller. Because they move away from this
00:28:40
if we want to do things well
00:28:44
and therefore we need it as a guide precisely
00:28:46
so as not to make straight stones because
00:28:48
otherwise the perspective actually
00:28:51
loses. Instead we must respect this
00:28:55
inclination.
00:28:57
So we have
00:29:01
Now I'll do these two lines from here because then
00:29:04
we'll actually do it on both sides so
00:29:06
you can see it well
00:29:12
So I'll draw this line and
00:29:16
put this one here
00:29:25
like this
00:29:26
And I'll draw this That's it,
00:29:38
now then this one here needs to be
00:29:42
cut anyway
00:29:46
I'll draw the two diagonals of this
00:29:49
window
00:30:02
by tracing the diagonals with the
00:30:05
perpendicular
00:30:10
or the center you can see
00:30:15
of the window and if we
00:30:17
carefully measure these two measurements they are not
00:30:20
the same
00:30:21
and then now with the wire I do it
00:30:25
slightly
00:30:28
by eye
00:30:32
here you can see that the wire
00:30:36
is also already tilting The window is being
00:30:39
straightened the lower part is
00:30:41
slightly less inclined than
00:30:43
the upper one
00:30:46
passing from the center.
00:30:51
Now I'm going
00:30:53
by leaps and bounds, but why would it be
00:30:56
necessary? We should trace the thread, but let's
00:30:58
keep more or less a middle ground. We
00:30:59
have identified these two points,
00:31:02
so
00:31:06
now, drawing the diagonal
00:31:10
like
00:31:17
this, you can see that point here
00:31:24
and tracing the left vertical
00:31:34
this
00:31:37
is my template for the left door
00:31:39
in the same way now here with these
00:31:48
pins it's a drama with this way
00:31:54
I trace the right door
00:32:26
This is the right door if I now
00:32:29
I measure them roughly like this. This one is
00:32:32
about 1.7 centimeters wide and this one is
00:32:37
1.9 centimeters a little more but
00:32:43
because I repeat it is small and therefore the
00:32:47
difference is barely noticeable but in any case
00:32:49
we have to make the doors inclined
00:32:55
in this way
00:33:00
the same thing However, I do it on a
00:33:03
piece of paper and for the arches
00:33:06
we pretend to have our
00:33:09
wall
00:33:15
and therefore have an arched window
00:33:18
rather than a balcony. However,
00:33:21
something that has an inclined plane
00:33:26
both
00:33:29
sides.
00:33:30
Now I keep it more or less as a
00:33:36
vertical reference
00:33:42
and let's pretend that this is the space for
00:33:45
the arc
00:33:46
two vertical spaces
00:33:53
and here we have to make the arc
00:33:54
logically the arc is not
00:34:00
flat we
00:34:01
cannot have an arc
00:34:06
we can have an arc so we have to
00:34:09
have the arc in perspective So also
00:34:13
in this case what we do we have to
00:34:17
trace half more or less the
00:34:21
highest point of our Arc so the arc
00:34:23
will have to be at that height here not
00:34:25
up to here because we have
00:34:28
the inclination which
00:34:31
gives us this as a reference So
00:34:33
also in this case we have
00:34:43
the middle we have to determine the
00:34:46
central part
00:34:51
which is this we draw our vertical
00:35:01
So we have
00:35:03
the center which is this so now
00:35:06
establishing where we want
00:35:09
the arc to start If we want it to start from here
00:35:11
rather than from another point we must
00:35:14
also have in this case
00:35:16
the inclination
00:35:20
so let's pretend that it is this
00:35:28
we have the arc that starts from this point
00:35:31
to this so an arc that goes like this
00:35:43
you see we
00:35:45
have an arc that has
00:35:52
two different radii
00:35:55
and this inclination is also
00:35:57
very important because it gives us the arc in
00:35:59
perspective it is
00:36:02
absolutely important to put it in the
00:36:05
nativity scene
00:36:07
How to determine if we want right here we
00:36:12
can do it a little by hand if
00:36:16
we want to be a little more precise
00:36:20
in practice it is done like this we pull the
00:36:24
parallel Let's do it on this side
00:36:26
we pull the parallel
00:36:31
like this
00:36:34
The parallel we have this
00:36:38
Sorry about the parallel from here to here
00:36:45
we have this side
00:36:48
let's pretend it is 5 cm so let's create a
00:36:51
5 cm square
00:36:56
we trace the arc which is obviously a
00:36:59
quarter of a circle in the square
00:37:04
we draw the diagonal we bring this
00:37:08
point exactly in parallel and we have
00:37:11
a further point therefore the arch passes
00:37:15
through this point the same thing on this
00:37:18
side Let's draw
00:37:21
a square
00:37:26
let's create the diagonal let's bring this
00:37:29
parallel So we have the arch that goes
00:37:32
like this
00:37:34
Here One last thing perhaps talking about
00:37:38
doors in the foreground therefore very close to the
00:37:43
proscenium obviously we have the
00:37:47
slightly
00:37:50
sloping ground Let's say that the upper part
00:37:53
of the door more or less being
00:37:55
slightly taller than a man is at
00:37:58
height I'm talking about a wall at
00:38:01
ground level it is more or less
00:38:05
parallel to the ground so here we
00:38:08
have a door like this
00:38:12
which obviously has
00:38:16
the bottom part is slightly inclined
00:38:19
So let's try When
00:38:22
we assemble the wall we prepare the ground
00:38:24
and everything to
00:38:30
steal let's say a few
00:38:33
millimeters on one side and on the other to
00:38:36
try not to have a
00:38:39
decidedly crooked door perhaps with a threshold in
00:38:42
front it
00:38:44
is crooked because
00:38:46
it note that it is crooked So we have to
00:38:49
look for
00:38:51
what we
00:38:53
can see while we prepare the nativity scene
00:38:56
Let's steal a moment so as to have
00:39:00
the door apparently straight but in
00:39:04
reality it doesn't have to be straight
00:39:06
because otherwise
00:39:11
the perspective is lost
00:39:14
I would say that we said more or minus
00:39:16
everything regarding the perspective
00:39:18
I repeat a perspective From my point of
00:39:20
view
00:39:21
and I
00:39:24
ask you if you have any suggestions to
00:39:27
give me some tips and they are welcome
00:39:30
because in any case this is a very
00:39:33
delicate discussion of the perspective
00:39:35
above all looking for an important thing
00:39:39
precisely the house in the first place slowly work it
00:39:42
in one way the house in the second plan
00:39:43
work it in another try to
00:39:46
respect the inclination of the
00:39:49
stones if you can also the stone
00:39:51
closest to the visitor a little
00:39:55
bigger the one further away a little
00:39:57
smaller so as to give precisely the
00:40:00
depth to the nativity scene to give those
00:40:04
apparently natural inclinations
00:40:08
thanks to the next one Hello everyone
00:40:12
[Music]
00:40:32
[Music]

Description:

In un diorama la prospettiva è importantissima. E' un argomento molto complesso che richiederebbe tutorial di ore. Cerco di spiegare la prospettiva dal mio punto di vista, per aiutarvi a realizzare un presepe veramente bello da tutti i punti di vista. Videocorsi https://presesepiediorami.com/videocorsi

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