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#учебниквслух

аудио уроки

школьный учебник

география

природа и человек

8 класс

домогацких

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grade lesson topic

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nature and man so you and I have studied

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the nature of our country the information

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we used

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was obtained by many generations of Cossacks

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pioneers peasants

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settlers scientific travelers

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everyone who, driven by orders, their own

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interests or scientific curiosity,

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sought new things that no one had yet

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famous places of our huge country and

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that now the territory of the country has been studied,

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some places have been studied better,

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some are worse, but the time of major

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geographical discoveries is left behind,

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is this really the end of geographical science?

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Not at all, being a science about the laws of

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development and existence of natural

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complexes and the interaction of components of

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nature,

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geography can help in solving many

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important problems from science, answering the

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questions of what and where it became science,

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answering the questions why, how not to

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spoil it,

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how to fix it, and why something needs to be

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corrected, why it didn’t spoil before and

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now it must definitely spoil, the whole

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point is that in the twentieth century,

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humanity reached development such a level that the

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impact on nature has increased many times over, the

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connection between the components of the natural

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complex is based on direct and reverse

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influences, for example, if soils influence the

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nature of vegetation, that

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vegetation in turn affects the

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soil, changing its fertility, and with

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all other components, the relationship

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between man and nature is

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formed according to According to the same law, man

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influences nature and nature influences man; the

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relationship between nature and man is

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contradictory; there are both

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positive and negative

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sides of mutual influence; nature is

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influenced not so much by man himself as by

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his economic activity; let

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’s see how nature influences man;

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nature

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provides man with everything necessary

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providing a variety of resources, but

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unfavorable natural conditions can

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make life and some types of

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activities

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almost impossible. Studying the nature of different

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parts of the country, we have several times

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encountered the fact that the development of

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natural resources is hampered by the harsh

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climate, remoteness from populated areas,

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mountainous terrain in some areas

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of the country, a real threat to life and

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human health represent natural

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disasters,

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they are also a manifestation of the forces of

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nature influencing the life and

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work of the population, thus

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nature determines the living conditions of a

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person in a particular place, whether he is

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comfortable or, on the contrary, unfavorable;

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nature is also a constant source of

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inspiration and pleasure; artists,

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musicians, writers and poets always

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drew artistic images from communicating with

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nature, and ordinary people, no, no, yes, and

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they freeze,

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amazed by the beauty of the opening

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landscapes,

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the brightness of the colors of the sunset, the bizarre

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shape of the clouds, it is

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in nature that we take a break from

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everyday life; nature beckons a

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person, makes a person want to see what is

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hidden behind the horizon and becomes

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thus perpetual motion machine of the surrounding

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world, human impact on nature

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can be of a different nature, people

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use natural resources,

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build cities with roads and platinum and,

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without meaning to,

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cause enormous harm to nature, the most powerful

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influence on natural complexes is various industries, it is

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precisely this industry that needs a large

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amount of natural resources,

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minerals, water wood and so on, but

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all these are parts of natural complexes, the

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removal or changes of which affect the

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state of the natural environment; in addition,

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industrial enterprises produce a

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lot of solid and liquid waste and

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gaseous waste enters the

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natural complex

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and destroys it;

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gaseous waste

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pollutes the atmosphere and liquid waste

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changes the chemical composition of water,

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of course, you all have seen how smoke pours out of the chimneys of

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factories and factories,

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sometimes it is not a product of fuel combustion but

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simply condensed water vapor,

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so they talk about gaseous emissions,

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but in any case, it is steam or smoke; they

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contain many pollutants,

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some of them are poisonous, others are harmless,

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but they still pollute the air, these

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substances mix in the atmosphere and

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form smog; dense, dense fog;

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smog is especially noticeable during severe

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frosts; cold, heavy air

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sinks to the ground and leads to the

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accumulation of pollutants in the

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ground layer of the atmosphere;

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agriculture also has a strong impact on natural complexes

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firstly, this is due to the fact that fields

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appear on the site of natural landscapes,

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displacing them, leaving less and

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less space for wildlife; secondly, modern

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agriculture uses a

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variety of chemicals,

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mineral fertilizers, preparations to

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combat plant diseases and animal

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pests, some of these substances,

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dissolving in water, seep into soil

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enters surface and underground

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waters, a large number of goods and

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passengers across the territory of our huge

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country are

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transferred by transport, most

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work by burning gasoline, fuel oil,

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diesel fuel,

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exhaust gases enter the atmosphere,

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poisoning the air

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we breathe and not only we breathe it,

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animals and plants

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urban sprawl another process

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that displaces natural landscapes from the

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surface of our planet; cities and

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the roads connecting them occupy an

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increasing place; large cities are

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places of concentration of transport and

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industrial enterprises; they become a

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powerful factor influencing the

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landscapes of the surrounding territories;

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however, people can influence nature and in a

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positive way, people create

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nature reserves and restore them. forests

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improve the quality of the land, it is easy to notice

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that the example of improving the properties of the earth is not

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entirely successful, because a person increases the

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fertility of the soil not so that

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even more magnificent forests can grow on it, no, these

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actions have another goal to create

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fertile fields in place of forests, so

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in this case

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the struggle for soil fertility is, to a greater

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extent, or less economic activity, they

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care about nature, often human actions are

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aimed at correcting the consequences of

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economic activity,

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forest restoration

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is carried out, as a rule, in those places where

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it was cut down and much less often where

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it was destroyed as a result of natural

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events, such as fires, causes of forests

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fires may be a

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volcanic eruption, lightning,

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or more often, careless handling of

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fire; reserves often become the

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last refuge for plants and

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animals

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that simply have no other place

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to exist

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due to economic activity, even in

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cases where people strive to

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take care of nature and improve the

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natural environment

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This does not always work out successfully. Almost

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half a century ago, the country began to fight against

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wolves, which were then considered to cause

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harm to nature because they hunt

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deer and wild boars and also attack

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domestic animals. Mass

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shooting of wolves began, as a result of which the

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number of predators

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decreased significantly. What was

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the surprise

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when also the number of

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deer and wild boars

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that were not hunted quickly decreased, it turned out

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that predators play an important role in

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maintaining the number of healthy wild

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animals since their prey is

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usually sick and weakened individuals at

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about the same time when the

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fight against wolves began and the

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swamps in the area were actively drained of the

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Russian plain, no doubt, the

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swamp is not the most attractive

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natural object, but it is also necessary for

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nature. The destruction of swamps led to the

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drying up of a huge number of streams

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and small rivers that originated in these

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swamps, this in turn became

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the reason for the shallowing of

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larger rivers. As we see, the

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relationship between nature and man is very

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complicated people takes from nature everything

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necessary for life and production and

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in return, at best, creates

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a nature reserve; what needs to be done in

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order to preserve nature so that the

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unique natural

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landscapes of the planet are not destroyed;

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curtail industry; stop

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producing agricultural

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products;

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-I’ll like this

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prospect,

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but then the only way out of the situation is

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to learn to use natural

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resources without destroying nature itself, and

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geography plays an important role in this;

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industry and agriculture destroy nature; it would

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seem that this does

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not directly affect us, because we are not the ones who

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build factories and roads; we are not the ones who block the

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rivers We are not the ones

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cutting down forests and plowing up the steppes with hydroelectric dams; we are

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busy studying or teaching while we are busy with other things;

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however, there is one factor influencing

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nature that we have the most

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direct relationship with; this factor

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is called unorganized tourism;

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organized tourism involves

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moving along specially laid

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paths; parking and overnight accommodation in specially

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designated places walking through the

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suburban forests,

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each of us has probably more than once come across

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heaps of garbage and other traces of people

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who were here before us and most likely

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was indignant at their behavior. A mountain of garbage is

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left in the forest by such tourists. a

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natural complex,

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because this garbage contains many

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substances that are not needed by this complex

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plastic paper glass printing

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ink and so on an open tin

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can is a ready-made trap for an

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unsuspecting animal smelling a

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pleasant smell and sticking the shiva's

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muzzle in there and broken glass

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and an unextinguished fire let's go let's start

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small,

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summer is the time of travel, hiking and

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walking, meeting with nature,

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try to follow the simplest

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rules of behavior, don't do in nature

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what you don't do in your

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own room, that's all,

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let's try to learn not to harm nature

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where it depends on us and

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only on us Let us repeat the main thing: the

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components of the natural complex are

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united on the basis of direct and feedback

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connections, that is, they influence each other;

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nature provides man with

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all the necessary types of resources;

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however, unfavorable natural conditions

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can greatly complicate the development of new

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territories; the

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components of the

00:12:54

natural complex are negatively affected by

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industry, agriculture and

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transport, and

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this the influence is constantly increasing,

00:13:03

the positive influence of man on

00:13:05

nature is manifested in the creation of

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nature reserves,

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restoration of forests, improvement of the quality of

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the land, and so on, by this man thus

00:13:15

corrects what he himself has created

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