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00:00:00
remember the picture that each of us
00:00:03
has seen more than once, although fortunately not
00:00:06
in reality, but even watching it on the screen
00:00:08
a person invariably experiences
00:00:10
genuine horror, it is about a nuclear
00:00:13
explosion,
00:00:14
that same bright orange ominous mushroom
00:00:17
has grown melting above the ground and killing everything
00:00:20
within a radius of several hundred kilometers
00:00:22
that precedes this catastrophe is the
00:00:26
natural detonation of an atomic or
00:00:29
hydrogen bomb, and now attention to
00:00:31
the question of how identical these concepts are, are
00:00:34
there any differences between them? Let’s
00:00:38
understand the problem right now, to
00:00:43
put it simply, the atomic bomb is the
00:00:46
ancestor of the hydrogen bomb, more modern
00:00:48
technically
00:00:49
advanced, the main differences
00:00:52
between them are in the process of detonation,
00:00:54
but not only in In general, the theoretical
00:00:58
comparison of these types of bombs on paper is
00:01:00
not so impressive since the
00:01:03
potential fission energy of uranium 235
00:01:06
involved in the detonation scheme of an atomic
00:01:09
warhead and the synthesis of 4 to lithium-6,
00:01:11
the necessary component of a thermonuclear
00:01:14
explosion, differs by about 3 times, but
00:01:17
in practice this is the same as comparing
00:01:19
paradise with danta you adam let's start
00:01:23
in order the
00:01:24
shape and size of the mushroom the difference begins
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with the visual characteristics the explosion of both
00:01:31
bombs is accompanied by the appearance of a
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recognizable cloudy smoky mushroom-
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shaped silhouette but that's where the similarity
00:01:38
ends the explosion of an atomic bomb can be
00:01:42
recognized by its relatively modest cap and
00:01:44
thin stem For a thermonuclear bomb, the
00:01:47
volume of the cloud and the thickness of the barrel are much
00:01:50
more significant, and the height of the mushroom in some
00:01:52
cases is simply terrifying. The
00:01:55
difference in processes: an atomic bomb is based
00:01:58
on nuclear fission and a hydrogen bomb is based on
00:02:01
fusion. In simple words, the processes can be
00:02:04
described something like this: fission is the
00:02:06
splitting of the nucleus of a heavy chemical
00:02:09
element, for example, plutonium or uranium at
00:02:12
the beginning, the charge detonates, after
00:02:15
which the isotope decays at lightning speed,
00:02:17
leading to the destruction of atomic nuclei, as
00:02:20
a result, a monstrous
00:02:22
amount of energy is released, that same
00:02:24
notorious nuclear mushroom appears, the whole process
00:02:28
takes a split second, it was this chain that
00:02:31
was at the heart of the action of the bombs
00:02:33
dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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back in 1945, it is remarkable that the
00:02:39
uranium-235 used in the atomic bomb is
00:02:42
not completely fissile, for example, the baby that
00:02:45
destroyed hundreds of thousands of residents of
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Hiroshima contained 60 kilograms of this
00:02:50
element, but only
00:02:52
700 grams of uranium-235 was subjected to fission, that is, the atomic
00:02:56
bomb has an extremely low
00:02:58
conversion rate of only about one percent
00:03:01
in the sense of not saving its resources can be
00:03:04
compared with an outdated and unprofitable
00:03:06
incandescent lamp and the efficiency
00:03:09
is also about five percent.
00:03:11
By the way, the maximum possible
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power limit of atomic bombs stops
00:03:16
at 800 thousand tons in TNT
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equivalent,
00:03:19
but this is in theory; in practice, a power of 500
00:03:22
thousand tons is already the limit of madness, so what?
00:03:25
hydrogen bomb what characterizes its
00:03:29
work thermonuclear process is more complex
00:03:31
differs from the previous one because it
00:03:33
consists of two stages fission and fusion
00:03:36
essentially a hydrogen bomb includes an
00:03:39
atomic one two projectiles in one bottle,
00:03:43
first inside the hydrogen bomb the
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fission of
00:03:48
lithium-6 deuterium nuclei occurs, instantly decaying into 3 and
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the gel then synthesis comes into play; a
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colossal temperature of several
00:03:57
million degrees creates conditions for the
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nuclei of the resulting elements
00:04:02
to fuse together, which leads to
00:04:05
sudden heating and a powerful explosion, while
00:04:08
many times more energy is released
00:04:09
than during the detonation of an
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atomic bomb; let’s
00:04:17
compare the power indicators analysis using the example of the most
00:04:19
deadly and powerful bombs ever
00:04:21
created by mankind. First of all,
00:04:24
let’s pay attention to the atomic bomb
00:04:26
exploded in
00:04:28
1952 during an American operation +
00:04:31
its power was 500 thousand in
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TNT equivalent.
00:04:36
Before voicing the parameters, it’s worth
00:04:38
making a small theoretical
00:04:40
digression on how exactly they measure the power of
00:04:43
bombs, as a rule, they use the generally accepted
00:04:46
classification; the
00:04:47
killing power of atomic bombs is measured in
00:04:50
kilotons, and hydrogen bombs are measured in megatons; 1
00:04:53
kiloton corresponds to 1000 tons of
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TNT,
00:04:57
but with one megaton the story is different;
00:04:59
it is equivalent to a whole million tons of
00:05:02
TNT; you feel the difference; by and large, a
00:05:06
thermonuclear explosion
00:05:08
combined two colossal processes; its
00:05:11
power is theoretically limited only by the
00:05:13
number of available components;
00:05:15
the time has come to demonstrate what
00:05:18
these calculations look like in reality, and so
00:05:21
get acquainted with the Mark 18 with a potential of 500
00:05:25
kilotons; the synthesis process did not take part in detonation;
00:05:28
therefore, the bomb dimensions
00:05:30
were 32 by one and a half meters and
00:05:33
weight 4 and a half tons became the most
00:05:35
powerful purely nuclear weapon, first
00:05:38
tested in
00:05:40
1952 at the atoll test site and not branches, the
00:05:43
destructive effect of the bomb turned out to be
00:05:46
similar to the warheads created earlier,
00:05:48
therefore, although the weapon began to be mass-
00:05:50
produced later, this use of the
00:05:53
Mark 18 was abandoned, but now freeze
00:05:57
in front of you, the most powerful on the planet, a
00:06:00
thermonuclear bomb made in the USSR
00:06:03
An602 or the Tsar Bomb was included in the
00:06:05
Guinness Book of Records as the most 100 powerful
00:06:08
weapon ever exploded and on earth
00:06:10
tests of the monster were carried out in October
00:06:14
1961 by dropping aircraft
00:06:18
as a bomber, the Tu-95 acted as a bomber, the
00:06:21
power of the Tsar Bomb was
00:06:24
59.8 megatons, although Nikita Khrushchev
00:06:28
initially set a nuclear physicist
00:06:30
the task of constructing a
00:06:32
hydrogen bomb with a capacity of 100 megatons
00:06:35
of the nose, having measured the risks of this venture, they
00:06:37
refused
00:06:38
testing of product 602, carried out at the
00:06:41
dry nose test site located on the
00:06:43
Novaya Zemlya archipelago, the consequences of
00:06:46
the explosion were so impressive that
00:06:49
they have been surpassed so far no one
00:06:50
succeeded, the blast wave circled the globe three times,
00:06:53
the flash was visible at a
00:06:56
distance of a thousand kilometers, that is, it was
00:06:59
clearly noticed in Alaska,
00:07:01
Greenland and Norway, and a mushroom
00:07:04
cloud was seen 800 kilometers from the
00:07:06
test site; moreover, on Dixon Island,
00:07:10
located seven hundred and 80 kilometers
00:07:13
from the explosion all the windows in the dwellings flew out, the
00:07:16
width of the upper tier of the mushroom was 95
00:07:20
kilometers, and it itself rose to a height of
00:07:22
67 kilometers 40 minutes after the
00:07:25
explosion, the atmosphere was so
00:07:27
ionized that
00:07:29
significant radio interference was observed, but as
00:07:32
for the background radiation, it
00:07:34
increased slightly, especially when
00:07:37
compared with the disaster brought to
00:07:39
Japan with bombs baby and fat man it’s interesting
00:07:43
that one of the unofficial names of
00:07:45
An602 Kuzkin’s mother, according to legend, Khrushchev
00:07:49
had in mind the Tsars bomb when you
00:07:52
agitation threatened the United States on Kalacheva, I
00:07:54
kicked the podium with my boot
00:07:56
summing up the above with confidence
00:07:58
we can say
00:08:00
thermonuclear weapons are currently
00:08:02
the most deadly destructive Of the
00:08:04
states on planet earth available in their arsenal, the
00:08:06
heads of some countries claim
00:08:10
that having an impressive nuclear potential,
00:08:12
they have the opportunity not only to
00:08:14
effectively protect their borders from
00:08:16
attacks from within, but also to influence
00:08:19
political decision-making. But
00:08:23
what do you think, is it really
00:08:27
necessary to obtain a license to achieve peace?
00:08:29
mass murder, share your
00:08:32
thoughts in the comments, write what topics
00:08:34
interest you
00:08:36
and stay tuned for updates on the channel, there is
00:08:37
a lot of interesting things ahead, but what is
00:08:41
very important for the channel is your
00:08:43
activity, what do you ask and I
00:08:46
will answer you, this is your big weighty
00:08:49
electronic like that looks like
00:08:51
this and is located right below this video,
00:08:53
if you can collect 20 thousand of these
00:08:56
electronic fingers, then I will immediately release a
00:08:59
sequel, do this and the universe will
00:09:02
definitely reward you
00:09:22
[music]
00:09:29
[music]

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