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Subtitles
Russian
00:00:00
Hello dear radio listener00:00:02
This is the Russian radio university in the studio00:00:03
Dmitry Kononykhin, we are going00:00:06
80 years ago in the area trapped in00:00:10
Kiev when Soviet troops, having overlooked the00:00:13
German defenses, took Kiev in November and00:00:17
then the Germans began to counterattack and this00:00:20
counterattack led to the00:00:23
start of the defensive Kiev00:00:25
operation 1943, it is noteworthy in00:00:29
that the Germans wrote such reports about00:00:32
such a defeat of the Soviet troops, but for00:00:35
some reason everything turned out exactly the opposite00:00:37
what kind of defense it was In 194300:00:41
Why did we take then left Zhitomir00:00:43
then took again what happened in the00:00:45
trap of Kiev in November-December00:00:48
1943 years, we will deal with all this00:00:50
Today in our series, the00:00:53
little-known Great Patriotic War S E00:00:55
author, candidate of historical sciences ShIM,00:00:58
research fellow at the Institute of Military00:01:00
History of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian00:01:02
Federation, military historian Alexey00:01:05
Valerievich Isaev Hello00:01:06
Alexey Valerievich hello Alexey00:01:09
Valerievich after all, the Germans decided to00:01:11
counterattack Why with what forces that00:01:15
forced them to move towards Kiev00:01:17
After all, they left Kiev so as not to00:01:20
find themselves in a completely desperate00:01:21
situation. How events developed. At the00:01:24
end of November December 1943,00:01:28
the counterattack carried out by the Germans was00:01:31
based on two things;00:01:35
of course, from Kiev they had to withdraw from Kiev, the00:01:38
German troops specifically of the Fourth00:01:40
Tank Army Hermann Hoth in view of the00:01:45
threat of encirclement00:01:48
However, moving further to the west,00:01:51
Soviet troops stretched the00:01:54
flanks. In00:01:56
addition, moving forward there was such a defense00:02:00
as at Kursk, so the arc that00:02:05
ran from the Dnieper to the Zhitomir region was00:02:10
of course not as strong as the00:02:12
Kursk Bulge in July of the hundredth year, thereby00:02:18
creating the opportunity to00:02:20
go on00:02:22
a counter-offensive and00:02:28
ask the Soviet troops to00:02:31
inflict a heavy00:02:33
defeat to recapture Zhitomir, at a minimum, but in00:02:37
general,00:02:39
ideally, it was believed that it would be possible in this00:02:42
way, by defeating the00:02:45
Soviet corps and00:02:50
divisions that had rushed forward, to prevent further00:02:53
advance forward and maybe even00:02:55
restore the front00:02:57
along the Dnieper,00:03:00
of course this was already out of the realm of00:03:03
fantasy, but nevertheless, a strong00:03:05
counterattack could have been delivered. And for this, the00:03:10
Germans had the appropriate00:03:13
opportunities in the form of fresh reserves moving00:03:17
east from vacation00:03:22
from Western Europe. The00:03:26
first such00:03:28
reserve was the00:03:31
sska00:03:33
division standard, Adolf Hitler, this is the00:03:37
formation00:03:39
that was withdrawn after the Kursk arcs00:03:42
on vacation in Italy and now in November the juice of the00:03:44
third year having received new tanks00:03:47
having received a little quite a lot of almost 100 tanks00:03:50
Par 4 almost 100 panthers to be precise00:03:54
then 96 vehicles another 27 tigers the00:04:01
Lep Standard division arrived near Kiev the00:04:04
second formation is also Despite the fact00:04:07
that this it was not an SS division, but an00:04:09
army division, it00:04:11
was an elite first tank00:04:14
division, which at one time passed through00:04:19
France, the formation that went to the00:04:23
gates of Leningrad and then to Moscow,00:04:26
this was the first tank division after00:04:28
heavy losses suffered at Rzhe, it00:04:31
was also withdrawn from the front. True, back00:04:35
in At the end of the century, at the beginning of the year, and00:04:38
now, again, having received almost a hundred shells of00:04:41
4 76 Panthers, not counting other00:04:45
equipment, she arrived near Kiev00:04:48
and was also ready to go on a00:04:51
counteroffensive, accordingly,00:04:53
having these00:04:55
reserves, the German command did00:04:58
not consider it possible at the00:05:01
time when leaving Kiev In addition,00:05:05
one reserve that is worth00:05:06
mentioning was the fresh Twenty-Fifth00:05:10
Panzer Division, it was recently00:05:13
formed, it had about a hundred00:05:16
Panzer 4s and it was immediately thrown into a00:05:20
counterattack almost00:05:22
with lightning speed, one might say00:05:25
from the march shortly after unloading the railway00:05:30
since it had virtually no experience00:05:34
you can immediately00:05:36
say that they were00:05:38
defeated by unthought-out00:05:41
counterattacks.00:05:45
However, it still retained00:05:48
its combat capability; it was also involved in the00:05:53
counterattack, having such reserves; in00:05:56
fact, by the standards of the forty-third00:06:00
year of the citadel,00:06:03
there were two fresh Divisions. This is a00:06:05
serious00:06:07
force, but it must be said that the Soviet00:06:10
command was already leading quite clearly and well00:06:14
intelligence here, of course, depends not only00:06:17
on the fact that it was November of forty-00:06:20
three, but00:06:23
also to some extent successful00:06:27
intelligence actions; it did not always act00:06:29
successfully, including there in forty,00:06:32
but in the specific case of the first00:06:35
Ukrainian front in November of forty-00:06:37
three years near00:06:39
Kiev, the enemy’s plans were revealed00:06:43
relatively in advance, and on November 12,00:06:47
1943, a directive from00:06:51
Vatutin’s headquarters, the commander of the first00:06:54
Ukrainian front, indicated that the rapid00:06:56
advance of the right wing and the center of the front00:06:59
to the west and the enemy’s persistence at the front00:07:04
under the fast concentration of a large00:07:07
group here indicates that the enemy is00:07:09
further as if a quote, giving00:07:12
us the opportunity to advance to the west, gathers forces to00:07:15
strike at the root in the direction of00:07:17
Fastov Kiev, in fact, this00:07:20
was a fairly accurate00:07:23
definition of the German plans and 3 days00:07:28
before the German tanks went on the00:07:32
offensive, the Soviet troops00:07:34
stopped and prepared00:07:37
to defend with one On the other hand, of course, the00:07:39
headquarters could not00:07:42
strengthen the first Ukrainian front with lightning speed00:07:46
and, as they say,00:07:49
miraculously transfer fresh00:07:51
reserves to it, but nevertheless,00:07:55
the First Guards Army of00:07:58
the Greek was transferred; it arrived closer to the end of00:08:02
November, so00:08:06
Vatutin had to fight back with the forces that00:08:09
he had Alexey Valerievich before00:08:11
than we move on to this story. A00:08:13
small question to catch up: did00:08:21
the lessons00:08:23
of Kharkov, when many times the Germans, like00:08:27
deep Moors,00:08:30
still pushed ours far, affected the work of this intelligence and such sensitivity and stakes in this direction?00:08:33
parts00:08:35
were taught very painfully by the experience of Kharkov, and I00:08:39
would even say both Kharkov and May00:08:43
forty-two, which I think we00:08:45
even talked about. And most importantly,00:08:48
February March forty-three,00:08:51
of course, the lesson was painful, but it was learned.00:08:55
In other words,00:08:59
you can get a counterattack from the enemy and00:09:02
generally speaking, Kiev November hundred and Kharkov00:09:08
February00:09:09
March forty-three, that is, the00:09:12
same year forty-three,00:09:14
they are similar, they are an example of how to00:09:17
do it and how not to do it, that is, you00:09:20
must do it absolutely Kiev00:09:24
November February March Kharkov this is an00:09:28
example when it’s really uncontrollable00:09:31
moved forward00:09:32
hoping to reach the Dnieper00:09:36
and without stopping in time received a00:09:39
counterattack which had very serious00:09:43
consequences, but there was one more difference00:09:48
that influenced the development of events in a00:09:52
key way, in my opinion, despite the fact00:09:55
that the enemy had heavy tanks00:09:57
because another separate battalion of00:10:00
heavy tiger tanks arrived 509 that is, straight from00:10:03
the formation of a fresh brand new And this00:10:06
was also a very serious00:10:08
force, these are 4500:10:11
tigers, but the Red Army00:10:16
had the know-how.00:10:19
I will be allowed to use00:10:21
such a foreign term. But this is what I would00:10:24
say, the calling card of even the Red00:10:27
Army of that period is artillery00:10:32
formations This was a breakthrough artillery corps00:10:36
consisting of two artillery00:10:40
divisions which00:10:43
were a very serious trump card in the00:10:47
ensuing00:10:48
battle because having a00:10:52
variety of guns and capable of00:10:55
fighting tanks, most importantly, heavy00:10:58
artillery,00:11:01
two artillery divisions could get00:11:03
in the way of a counterattack and the most important thing is not00:11:06
to allow the Germans to win an00:11:09
artillery duel than the Germans took it in the00:11:13
1990s, they won an00:11:16
artillery duel, suppressed the00:11:19
anti-tank defense system, and then00:11:21
terrible things happened, then the front fell and00:11:27
crumbled,00:11:29
including such events as encirclement, a00:11:32
retreat leaving00:11:36
equipment behind, and a generally catastrophic00:11:40
development of events, you spoke in a previous00:11:42
conversation about how concentrated00:11:45
artillery strikes literally swept away00:11:47
German fortifications, preventing the Germans from00:11:50
actually deploying defenses or00:11:53
reacting here, it’s the00:11:55
same story00:11:57
when,00:11:59
when attacking and maneuvering properly,00:12:02
you were also annihilated. Soviet00:12:05
artillery, I understand correctly Yes,00:12:07
absolutely artillery just reached a00:12:11
qualitatively new level, this is a00:12:13
qualitatively new level also concerned00:12:16
such a thing00:12:18
as artillery reconnaissance because00:12:21
what were the strengths of00:12:22
independent artillery00:12:24
formations, they were not just00:12:28
in the same hands, they supplemented it with the00:12:31
capabilities of Artillery00:12:33
reconnaissance to detect enemy batteries00:12:38
and this simply played a huge role in the00:12:42
battles that unfolded on November 15,00:12:46
since the Germans when they moved to00:12:49
the offensive, and these 3 days that00:12:54
reconnaissance gave, they were key from the point00:12:56
of view of00:12:57
advancing Ardisium to the direction of the00:13:01
enemy’s attack because, unfortunately, the00:13:04
Achilles heel of the Soviet00:13:08
artillery formations, which by the way, before I00:13:10
forget, I’ll say that they00:13:13
already managed to receive honorary00:13:15
names for Kiev, they became00:13:20
Kievsko And having already received these honorary00:13:23
names, they now had to00:13:25
defend the occupied00:13:27
positions that were occupied in battle00:13:31
near00:13:32
Kiev and this time act on the00:13:35
defensive, and it was still autumn00:13:41
and bad weather, this meant cross roads and00:13:45
of course the supply of ammunition00:13:48
was also considerable difficulties,00:13:50
therefore, one should not think that it was a00:13:54
straight entertaining walk, it was very much the00:14:00
most important thing that the artillerymen could give was00:14:06
to stop the infantry advancing along with the00:14:08
tanks. And since the Germans00:14:11
tried to ram00:14:15
the defense,00:14:19
they crush the machines with tigers and00:14:23
panthers00:14:25
again, a description00:14:27
of the seventh artillery00:14:31
corps00:14:33
attack on00:14:35
November 15, this is a mass of tanks walking at very00:14:40
short intervals there are literally00:14:42
a few tens of meters in front of the tigers, the00:14:45
panthers in the back are old. Well, let’s just say that00:14:49
they were released, of course, in factories in the00:14:52
same way, but the previous model 4 and00:14:57
already further behind them are00:15:00
motorized infantry, motorized infantry on foot,00:15:03
or like near Kursk. They wanted00:15:05
an armored personnel carrier, yes. that is,00:15:07
this Kursk idea is just being repeated. Yes, to00:15:10
cross this valley of death under00:15:13
artillery high-explosive fragmentation00:15:15
shelling, I understand correctly, yes. They00:15:18
tried to do this, but it actually turned out to be00:15:20
heavy losses for them in00:15:23
armored personnel carriers, because00:15:25
when, in the end, the Germans began to count what they were00:15:28
losing then it was separately said00:15:33
that a significant number of00:15:35
armored personnel carriers00:15:37
were lost, including due to the accurate00:15:42
fire of the Soviet artillery, which did not00:15:45
allow the implementation of this00:15:48
plan to break through the barrage00:15:51
Fire,00:15:53
and the Germans were00:15:57
shocked by the very dense artillery00:16:00
Fire and they literally the next day00:16:04
switched to night00:16:06
attacks, that is, they attacked at night, and when approaching a00:16:10
distance of 200-300 metro to the00:16:13
Soviet00:16:15
positions, even the tanks turned on their headlights. But this did00:16:19
not help them; it00:16:29
was difficult to equip extended rifle units,00:16:32
and when a00:16:36
large mass of armored vehicles immediately piled on, of course00:16:39
causing00:16:41
losses to them, then the Germans pushed through the defense00:16:48
and00:16:50
actually specifically the Senad Ardisia of the00:16:54
artillery corps,00:16:59
with rather weak assistance from the infantry,00:17:03
fought independently on a front of 32 km;00:17:08
this00:17:10
actually turned inside out those00:17:13
principles of defensive battles that the00:17:16
Germans had in the forty-second year,00:17:18
somewhere near Rzhev, when they00:17:20
relied00:17:22
on the support of artillery And00:17:26
now the roles The00:17:29
Soviet artillery has also changed, having a00:17:33
fairly perfect Fire control system00:17:35
and a sufficient amount of00:17:38
ammunition, just as well as00:17:42
cementing what had to be Yes,00:17:44
retreat under the pressure of the mass of tanks,00:17:49
nevertheless maintain integrity, not allow a00:17:53
deep breakthrough00:17:55
[music]00:17:57
into the positions of the artillerymen themselves and00:18:01
destroy them.00:18:04
Therefore, the German the offensive was00:18:07
advancing, but it was moving quite00:18:10
slowly,00:18:11
and such was the blitz Cry that was00:18:14
characteristic of the co-operation of the second year,00:18:17
it was not implemented,00:18:20
although it must be said00:18:23
that the situation itself was00:18:27
precisely near00:18:30
Zhytomyr, although it was00:18:34
not fresh reserves that were involved there, but simply00:18:38
pulled up00:18:40
from other sectors That is, the main00:18:43
blow was in the direction of Brusilov under00:18:46
fast, and near Zhytomyr00:18:51
they used those forces that could00:18:54
simply be collected00:18:57
from00:18:58
[music]00:18:59
in other00:19:00
directions, but also on the Soviet side in00:19:05
Zhitomir there were more modest00:19:08
forces. This was, first of all, the first00:19:11
Guards cavalry00:19:13
corps which,00:19:16
of course, Simply by virtue of its purpose,00:19:19
its capabilities, it was00:19:28
so00:19:29
when the pressure began on Zhitomir from several directions at once,00:19:36
the cavalrymen00:19:39
could not hold it for a long time00:19:41
and the most00:19:45
important problem was to leave not00:19:48
to leave the city00:19:50
and precisely the area under the fat for which the00:19:55
Rdeysk carp00:19:59
was responsible transferred in the00:20:08
sixtieth Moskalenko took over,00:20:11
then Chernyakhovsky was responsible for Zhitomir00:20:14
And despite the fact that from the00:20:17
front headquarters And this is not only Vatutino and00:20:22
Zhukov, orders were sent to Chernyakhovsky to00:20:26
hold on at all costs00:20:31
Chernyakhovsky took upon himself00:20:34
the responsibility not to bring the matter to the00:20:38
closure of the encirclement because the00:20:40
city was semi-00:20:43
surrounded by a dense front, so00:20:45
the Germans could maneuver to encircle and00:20:49
Chernyakhovsky, having accepted00:20:51
responsibility, says leave. I’ll00:20:54
especially00:20:57
emphasize00:20:59
those railway facilities there, some00:21:04
switches there, crossings that had to be00:21:06
blown up so that the Germans would not immediately00:21:08
use the railway in their own00:21:10
interests because that in fact the00:21:12
railway if you look at the map00:21:14
It passes through Zhitomir Well, in the general00:21:17
direction from west to east And00:21:19
thus along this railway you can00:21:22
drive trains and supply the main00:21:25
strike force and Chernyakhovsky00:21:28
said ahead of time Don’t blow up Let the00:21:31
last ones who leave will blow up there are00:21:35
some water towers there, some00:21:38
arrows ahead of time, don’t let00:21:41
the enemy know that you are leaving and this00:21:45
allowed the corps to get out of the00:21:50
semi-encirclement at that time, even in fact00:21:54
the Germans already controlled the last bypass road with00:21:56
fire, well, they managed to00:21:58
escape from the city and thereby avoid00:22:03
serious losses, but Zhitomer was00:22:06
abandoned; this, of course, was extremely00:22:08
unpleasant for everyone, since he had just been00:22:11
liberated a week later; of00:22:14
course, it was such an00:22:17
unpleasant situation against the general background of the00:22:21
successes of the Soviet offensive on the00:22:23
right bank of Ukraine, but the military was healing,00:22:28
but absolutely according to the same pattern, the Armed Forces00:22:32
developed under00:22:34
Brusilov00:22:36
when00:22:37
the movement began to close the00:22:41
ring around the city of Brusilov, it very00:22:44
quickly00:22:45
stalled, nothing00:22:49
from the original00:22:51
plan was realized and the Germans00:22:54
had to make00:22:56
attempts to encircle Brusilov and00:23:00
Zhitomir, that is, Zhitomir came out of it and00:23:04
into the corps, respectively,00:23:06
Soviet rifle divisions came out of the Brusilov area00:23:09
And most importantly, this was00:23:13
cemented as once the Artillery00:23:16
Corps of the breakthrough Alexey Valerievich00:23:18
Do I understand correctly that the Germans’ goal00:23:20
was not their own cities, but precisely the00:23:22
military formations of the Red Army, they had to be00:23:24
destroyed, not so much to occupy00:23:26
these nodes and these railway lines, not00:23:29
so much to occupy these cities that00:23:31
had just been lost to the Germans by them00:23:33
it was necessary to destroy as much as possible the00:23:37
manpower and equipment of the Red Army and00:23:40
thereby prevent the further development of00:23:44
offensive00:23:45
operations here, in fact, the00:23:49
points on the map themselves. They, of course,00:23:51
certainly had significance in general. If we talk00:23:54
about what mattered to the Germans00:23:58
precisely as a00:24:00
point00:24:01
on the Working Map of the group army yuk00:24:06
is an area00:24:09
somewhat away00:24:11
from Zhitomir, this is00:24:15
Korosten Radomyshl and in that direction00:24:19
there was a rockade. Well, that’s what they call a00:24:28
communication line running parallel to the front, in this case a00:24:30
railway that made it possible to maneuver00:24:34
between the army groups center and south, and00:24:39
Korosten was exactly that00:24:43
point which had to be recaptured precisely00:24:45
on the basis of the possibilities of00:24:49
moving troops from army groups00:24:56
and did00:24:58
not specifically fight for it, that is, here00:25:02
the Germans Well, without achieving the success00:25:05
that they00:25:07
were counting on with a breakthrough to the00:25:10
rear of the Soviet troops in the Kiev00:25:12
direction, that is,00:25:14
actually limiting themselves to two such local00:25:16
coverage they regrouped around Zhitomir Brusilov. Note00:25:20
here Yagu,00:25:26
remember00:25:29
the counterattack, it was actually a00:25:32
very successful attempt to show00:25:35
how the00:25:36
operation works, how reconnaissance works,00:25:40
how the front headquarters works, and one of the00:25:44
storylines there is precisely the00:25:46
regrouping of the Germans in another00:25:49
direction when00:25:53
[music]00:25:56
after the connection, that is, both00:25:59
tigers and panthers dropped out there in significant numbers.00:26:02
That is, if we talk00:26:05
about again, what did00:26:08
even the beginning of the offensive cost, that00:26:11
is, literally in a couple of days the Germans00:26:13
lost seven tigers there, fifty00:26:17
Panzer 4 These are the linden standards 1600:26:23
Panther self-propelled guns, including howitzer00:26:26
weight assault geu and, in principle, almost 85 days00:26:32
from armored vehicles only tanks tanks and00:26:34
self-propelled guns about 20% As I understand it,00:26:37
approximately this is not00:26:40
exactly the standard, that is, in fact,00:26:45
this is knocking out a very significant00:26:48
number of combat00:26:50
vehicles that have reduced the strength of their strike, but00:26:55
it is clear that not everyone understood the territory00:26:58
through which they00:27:00
were advancing. They could00:27:02
have repaired and indeed00:27:04
they did. But the fact that in the film00:27:07
a counterattack was given is such a separate00:27:09
storyline, this is how the00:27:13
front headquarters tried to track where the Germans00:27:17
would move at the next stage00:27:21
since they did not having achieved a decisive00:27:24
result, which they initially00:27:26
counted on00:27:28
under the bars, they began to group00:27:32
just under00:27:33
Korosten with the goal of also striking a00:27:37
blow and inflicting losses on the00:27:41
Soviet troops located there. And in such a00:27:46
short-term perspective, the immediate task is00:27:48
just to repel the00:27:56
crayfish,00:28:00
they hit here quickly like this a few00:28:04
days before the00:28:06
counterattack there was no intelligence data,00:28:09
so they had to maneuver00:28:14
on00:28:16
the move and the Germans still managed to00:28:22
repel this, of course, this was the00:28:26
result that was00:28:30
achieved as a result of this00:28:32
counteroffensive in addition to Zhitomir, which00:28:35
was soon lost00:28:39
and in fact the German00:28:42
counteroffensive, although led to the00:28:46
fact that00:28:49
Soviet troops were pushed back closer to Kiev.00:28:52
That is, from where they were from Zhitomir, from in the00:28:55
Nsky direction00:28:57
there was another blow in the direction of Malina. That is,00:29:00
if you look at the map, a fairly00:29:04
large territory was abandoned; this00:29:07
matter was not limited, unfortunately, only to00:29:10
the loss of the city of Zhitomir itself precisely in00:29:14
view of the fact that the Germans shifted the00:29:17
direction of the attacks. They could, as it were,00:29:20
shake the front. Although they could hold back00:29:28
some kind of what are called00:29:30
catastrophic consequences, including, again,00:29:33
they held On to the00:29:36
artillery, again, what interested me00:29:40
in the reporting00:29:43
documents was precisely the artillery00:29:45
corps. They often practiced contra00:29:50
training they identified the concentration of00:29:53
German forces, that is, tanks and infantry, and00:29:58
struck00:30:00
at the places of probable concentration,00:30:05
again incredibly, even the00:30:09
concentration of motorized infantry tanks discovered by the scouts. And this00:30:14
also thwarted the attacks and00:30:18
reduced the opportunities for long-distance00:30:21
advance. It00:30:28
was possible to perform a miracle, and in00:30:33
order to hold on, of course, density was needed00:30:36
as on the Kursk Bulge00:30:40
because, in addition to fresh tank formations,00:30:44
the Germans also used infantry. And in general,00:30:48
the concentration of forces near Zhytomyr00:30:51
was more than00:30:56
that,00:30:57
in fact, the Germans made the Germans00:31:01
such caliphs for an00:31:03
hour. They00:31:05
spent their resources and reserves.00:31:08
While the Soviet side00:31:12
first arrived, the buckwheat army first guards00:31:15
and at the next stage the eighteenth army arrives at the front,00:31:19
which was00:31:26
released,00:31:28
our generation will immediately say the00:31:31
eighteenth army Leonid Ilch00:31:34
Brezhnev Absolutely right Indeed,00:31:37
this is the same army that participated in the00:31:39
battles on Malaya Zemlya and at first they wanted to00:31:45
use it in the00:31:47
southwestern, respectively, the third00:31:50
Ukrainian front at Malinovsky, but00:31:53
in view of the crisis that arose near Kiev and00:31:56
in general the00:31:58
concentration of enemy forces near Kiev,00:32:01
it was just transferred to Kiev and00:32:05
then, as if looking ahead, and on00:32:12
December 25, 1943, the00:32:15
Eighteenth00:32:16
Army, the first Katukov Tank Army00:32:20
went on a00:32:22
counteroffensive, this was already the00:32:25
Zhitomir operation00:32:27
which reduced00:32:30
all the attempts of the Germans to stabilize00:32:35
the situation near Zhytomyr to00:32:38
zero, in fact, these are all the efforts that00:32:44
were made by the Germans in order to00:32:47
push the Red Army back to00:32:50
[music]00:32:56
Kiev00:32:57
after a short break, to sort out the00:32:59
level of proficiency, so to speak, in the00:33:03
military00:33:05
skill of both the Germans and our army00:33:08
because what you are talking about in00:33:10
large strokes is still impressive00:33:13
because it is impossible to do such00:33:16
artillery maneuvers and tank maneuvers without00:33:19
good training. I think that after a00:33:21
short break we will do this to00:33:23
our viewers and our radio listeners.00:33:26
I remind you that all the releases of the Russian00:33:28
radio university you you can watch and00:33:30
listen on the Media platform, watch the00:33:32
VGTRK website smotrim.ru YouTube channel00:33:35
Dmitry Kononykhin this is our special00:33:37
project, a multi-year project, a little-known00:33:39
Great Patriotic War and we will00:33:42
be back now, don’t switch it will only be00:33:45
more interesting This is the Russian00:33:47
radio university in the studio Dmitry00:33:48
Kononykhin we are visiting a wonderful00:33:50
military historian Alexey Valerievich00:33:52
Isaev, we analyze the consequences of00:33:56
such a German counter-offensive near00:33:58
Kiev in November-December00:33:59
1943. Where the Germans burned the precious00:34:02
reserve, where they tried to stabilize00:34:04
the front with such a maneuverable defense,00:34:07
a counterattack and at the same time, our troops00:34:10
went on the defensive and, unfortunately,00:34:13
perhaps losing again the newly00:34:16
liberated Zhitomir and Brusilov, but00:34:19
nevertheless they avoided disaster, avoided00:34:22
defeat and00:34:27
Christmas, that’s when the Germans received a blow in the00:34:29
gut Alexei Valerievich When you talked about this,00:34:31
what I said00:34:33
before the break in large strokes does not00:34:36
leave me with the feeling that if you read00:34:40
Memoirs of German Military something there all00:34:44
the time, some kind of two-layer cake like this, on the00:34:46
one hand, everything is great. We are great. We are00:34:49
simply crumbling the many times00:34:53
superior Armadas of these red independent reconnaissance units on the00:34:57
other hand. Upon a sound examination of00:34:59
these same memoirs or documents of00:35:03
military operations, the losses of the Germans are very00:35:06
sensitive. What actually happened in00:35:10
fact, Well, here we need to And again, understand00:35:16
that Soviet00:35:18
e and anti-tank artillery and00:35:22
self-propelled guns have already learned to fight00:35:25
new armored vehicles00:35:27
and they tigers have ceased00:35:31
to be the problem that they were,00:35:34
for example, in the spring of forty-three. Of00:35:37
course, they remained a very dangerous00:35:39
adversary. But here I am I can’t help but00:35:42
recommend reading the Memoirs of a rat self-propelled00:35:46
gun, which just took part00:35:49
in all these00:35:52
soybeans00:35:57
in the battle of such a small village, a00:36:00
hawk, again, as we now00:36:04
know, just near this village a00:36:08
heavy tank battalion was used,00:36:10
that is, these are the same stories00:36:13
about00:36:15
tigers that Maybe00:36:18
now I would say so since the nineties00:36:21
were perceived with a little doubt that00:36:25
wow memoirs very often these00:36:29
same tigers appear in this case, Lieutenant00:36:32
Krysov speaks the absolute and pure00:36:36
truth00:36:38
and00:36:39
indeed the regiment of self-propelled guns Krys at00:36:43
that time he had vehicles 8500:36:48
and came under quite a serious blow,00:36:52
it was November 2200:36:55
and00:36:57
Krysov acted very competently. That is,00:36:59
he took a good00:37:01
position, shoots, sets fire to the00:37:04
enemy tank and immediately leaves for another00:37:06
position, and this, of course,00:37:10
allowed him to avoid defeat00:37:14
even by such a serious enemy00:37:17
as a tiger. That is, when they tried00:37:24
[ music]00:37:25
his gun continued to operate. That00:37:29
is, from a different position, another00:37:31
shot again knocks out the00:37:34
enemy tank, and if you look again00:37:37
already there00:37:38
And according to statistics,00:37:41
at the number of Bogoto vehicles that were00:37:45
available in the very 509th battalion00:37:48
that was under the hawk, then we see00:37:51
that as of November 20,00:37:54
there were 14 tanks00:37:58
on November 24, tanks in service and,00:38:05
of course, a steady decrease in the number of00:38:08
combat vehicles in service. Despite the fact that it was00:38:11
constantly00:38:13
being repaired, it did not allow the Germans00:38:16
to achieve any more impressive00:38:18
results precisely in00:38:25
view of those who00:38:27
tried to counterattack them and not00:38:31
allow them immediately to close the encirclement of the00:38:34
same beam00:38:36
because here he was a very energetic person00:38:40
and immediately tried to feel the enemy00:38:45
to counterattack and that same00:38:49
offensive to the00:38:55
beam,00:38:57
generally speaking, the first moment when they00:39:01
started the motorcycle, they believed that00:39:03
the Germans believed that they would cover 130 km and00:39:06
reach00:39:08
Kiev00:39:10
in more than a week of fighting, even in 10 days,00:39:14
they advanced only 4000:39:16
km and this was, of course, not at all the00:39:18
result that was expected, which was00:39:22
in a situation similar to00:39:25
in February March forty-three. That00:39:30
is, the situation00:39:33
has changed very much, it is clear that00:39:35
but still the advance of the Soviet troops along00:39:40
the left bank took place in conditions of00:39:43
the destruction of railways, that is,00:39:45
just like there were problems with transportation near Kharkov.00:39:48
But00:39:50
they were solved one way or another and had00:39:55
ammunition and fuel and stood shoulder00:39:59
to shoulder in defense quite tightly, which00:40:02
forced the enemy to push out.00:40:05
That is near Kiev there was no encirclement of00:40:09
more than some populated area of00:40:13
Zhitomir or Brusilov, it was not00:40:16
encircled, for example, even a corps,00:40:19
let alone for example an00:40:21
army, if the sixth army was surrounded near Kharkov,00:40:27
or for example the third tank in the army, then there was00:40:29
nothing00:40:31
similar00:40:32
near Kiev in November there was, and00:40:36
of course, such great resistance,00:40:38
including from attacks from fresh00:40:42
enemy formations, it00:40:44
of course00:40:46
made it possible to grind down those very reserves and00:40:49
make moves on the trail that were quick with00:40:55
SNTP00:40:57
what is known as Berdichev’s Zhytomyrsk00:41:00
if you look over the shoulder straps of our00:41:03
officers or look over the shoulders of the00:41:05
Germans as parties to this time in00:41:07
dynamics they assessed each other's actions and00:41:10
their actions to what extent those reports of the00:41:12
victorious report that the00:41:14
Germans first struck were replaced by slightly different00:41:17
impressions from this blow when00:41:20
they ran into a competently operating00:41:24
Red Army, in general, this is what happened00:41:26
from the point of view of this mutual00:41:30
impression, a feeling of Déjà vu arises00:41:34
when You consider the actions of the00:41:38
Germans It was then in November of the00:41:40
year forty-three and you involuntarily compare with the00:41:44
Soviet reports of some00:41:47
year forty-two when the tanks00:41:50
were returning for their mission, firstly, the00:41:53
training of the00:41:55
German infantry, also despite00:41:58
retraining in Western Europe, the training00:42:02
was certainly worse than those who walked through00:42:05
France in the 1940s or across the USSR from the pen and00:42:09
these here The return of tanks for their00:42:11
infantry00:42:12
is just a feeling of Déjà vu, which is usually00:42:16
what you read in our documents on00:42:19
some kind of positional battles And so the00:42:21
German infantry is pressed to the ground by00:42:24
artillery strikes, the00:42:26
tanks go00:42:28
forward but they themselves They can’t do anything00:42:32
But like it was in00:42:36
1941, when they really could00:42:39
rush out to the artillery positions and00:42:41
kill everyone And00:42:44
thereby open the way for their infantry, this00:42:47
was no longer the case, it didn’t00:42:50
work,00:42:52
so this movement of the00:42:55
airborne forces is much slower, much And let’s00:43:00
say it’s more expensive cost than the same00:43:03
actions, essentially according to the scheme that00:43:06
were implemented in some June of the00:43:09
forty-second year at the beginning of Operation00:43:11
Blau, these were the same SS men, in00:43:14
fact, they were often at the forefront of the attacks,00:43:17
but they were ready for the fact that00:43:19
they were on they are ready for such a beating,00:43:22
but in fact, of course, Le Standard00:43:27
still had such a very00:43:30
versatile experience on the Kursk00:43:33
Bulge when they made their way through a fairly00:43:36
strong defense. But00:43:40
they did not00:43:42
succeed in such a breakthrough,00:43:44
and I will say00:43:47
that the same people were on the other side, that00:43:50
is it was the same00:43:55
Tutin,00:43:56
but the maneuver, primarily00:44:00
with artillery, gave a greater00:44:03
result, that is,00:44:06
Vatutin in July forty-three, the00:44:10
same blow00:44:11
sculpted standards.00:44:13
He created a worse situation than00:44:19
in November forty-three, despite the fact that00:44:23
in November he had to leave Zhitomir00:44:26
Brusilov But here from the point00:44:29
of view of the fact that a breakthrough is underway and a00:44:34
strong defense is overcome there in 17 hours, but00:44:37
here there is no strong defense here, it’s00:44:42
much00:44:43
thinner here they just sat down, they just00:44:46
dug up some00:44:49
[music]00:44:51
sufficient00:44:56
awnings of messages, I would even say so00:44:58
special They didn’t have time to throw mint, but00:45:02
nevertheless they thought out artillery00:45:04
counteraction and, again, comparing00:45:07
with00:45:08
Kursk what the situation was there, this is00:45:12
actually connected with the situation in00:45:14
the air. The00:45:17
Soviet artillery regiment heavy artillery l2000:45:21
152 howitzer guns were not00:45:24
working yet The Germans were advancing very poorly00:45:29
as soon as They ran out of ammunition00:45:31
and there was no supply because00:45:34
Vyka’s aviation, all that was moving along the roads in the00:45:39
near rear was the00:45:42
Kursk regiment, the Kursk regiment fell silent and the Germans were00:45:46
advancing more vigorously and more cheerfully. And00:45:53
[music] that’s why our00:45:59
supplies are being cut off by blows to communications. No, there are no complaints, but it’s00:46:01
hard for us to transport on the muddy roads there are00:46:07
few roads there, they are clogged with equipment, there are00:46:10
these complaints, but the fact is that the aviation00:46:13
there washes everything away. In the rear, this is not there, you know,00:46:16
when you read later the complaints00:46:18
of the Germans, it makes an impression00:46:22
because in fact, what we00:46:24
talked about today is a combined experience and the experience of00:46:28
the defense of Kursk and the experience of the two Kharkov He00:46:31
gave his combined cumulative00:46:35
training of troops such that the Germans, repeating the00:46:39
same techniques both on a strategic00:46:41
scale and on such a tactical00:46:44
scale, they could not really00:46:46
do anything. Yes, they advanced, but00:46:48
they did not accomplish the tasks of defeating the group were able to00:46:50
achieve And after that we received a brutal00:46:54
counterattack, we will talk about it,00:46:56
including in our future programs and00:46:59
Dear viewers Dear00:47:00
radio listeners, I draw your attention to the fact that00:47:03
Alexey Valery Chisa runs his own Telegram00:47:05
channel Iron Wind, here is his address Be00:47:07
sure to subscribe there is invaluable00:47:09
information on how to in fact,00:47:13
our grandfathers and00:47:15
great-grandfathers achieved the result00:47:18
that we know and in the little-known00:47:20
circumstances of the Great Patriotic00:47:21
War you will learn a lot of new things I00:47:23
thank you for your attention Alexey00:47:25
Valevich Thank you for this conversation00:47:27
all the best, goodbye All the bestDescription:
Выпуск 1199. 06.12.2023. "Крах контрнаступления Вермахта под Киевом 1943-го и опыт Харькова". Почему и какими силами Вермахт решился контратаковать в ноябре 1943 года западнее Киева, куда отошла 4-я танковая армия Гота, как наступающие советские войска растянули боевые порядки, какой была стратегическая задача немецкого контрнаступления, какие резервы СС и Вермахта подошли на киевское направление, об удачных действиях советской разведки на направлении Фастов-Киев, как Ставка указала на необходимость перейти к обороне, как сказался тяжёлый опыт наступления под Харьковом в феврале 1943 года, о качественно новом уровне советского артиллерийского корпуса прорыва, почему немцы не смогли больше выигрывать артиллерийскую дуэль на фронте, о роли артиллерийской разведки и целеуказания, как эсэсовцы перешли в атаку 15 ноября, почему немцы пытались использовать тактику прорыва на Курской дуге, почему немцы были вынуждены атаковать ночью, как советская артиллерия цементировала оборону и жгла танки противника, о тяжёлой обстановке под Житомиром, почему Черняховский дал команду кавалерийскому корпусу на оставление Житомира, как и почему был оставлен Брусилов, почему немцам было важно не занять города, а уничтожить наступавшие части Красной Армии, о фильме «Контрудар», о немецком ударе в районе Малина, о прибытии 18 армии для стабилизации обстановки под Киевом, какими были реальные потери немцев, почему у немцев перестали получаться танковые удары даже с новейшими танками, почему под Киевом не работал эффект немецкой авиации — смотрите и слушайте продолжение нашего специального проекта «Малоизвестная Великая Отечественная». В гостях у Российского радиоуниверситета Алексей Валерьевич Исаев, кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник Института военной истории Министерства обороны России. Премьера выпуска состоялась 06.12.2023.
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